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70:
87:
574:, the Perumals, for about three hundred years. Kodungallur is well known in ancient times due to trade, and also due to the Baghavathy kshethram, and as well as the seat of Kannagi's resting place in the ksethram, after she burns down the capital of the Pandya rulers Madurai, who falsely accuse her husband of stealing the anklet of the royal Queen. This is steeped in the folklore of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which is evident in the temple festivals, and has it roots in
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1028:(Vettattnad), whose kingdom lay to the north, on the road between Calicut and Kodungallur, and who had a spoiled relation with the Zamorin, offered to place himself under Portuguese suzerainty. It is recorded that the military of Calicut, which was led by Zamorin in person, was defeated on their way to Kodungallur by a sizeable Portuguese army with the assistance of the Tanur ruler.
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124:
94:
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The
Muziris Heritage Project was launched by the Government of Kerala's Department of Cultural Affairs in 2006 to "scientifically retrieve and preserve the historical heritage of the region, extending from North Paravur to Kodungallur". The Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR), identified as
959:
The
Portuguese spice trade was challenged by the kings of Kozhikode in the Indian Ocean. The port of Kodungallur had a sizeable Jewish, native Christian and Muslim population at the time. Portuguese Company extended their aggression on Calicut to allied coastal city-states, including Kodungallur. The
990:
warriors of Kochi – who took on the rest of the enemy force in
Kodungallur. The assault troops captured and sacked the city of Kodungallur, and was set on fire by the squads led by Duarte Pacheco Pereira and Diogo Fernandes Correa. Nonetheless, according to some records, Portuguese arsonists spared
859:
The economic and political prestige of the harbour of
Kodungallur remained even in medieval South India. Sulaiman, a West Asian visitor to India during this period, recorded the "economic prosperity" of the region. Also, he describes the Chinese traders in the city; they are described as purchasing
891:
It is postulated that the harbour at
Kodungallur was devastated by natural calamities—a flood or an earthquake—in 1341, and consequently lost its commercial/strategic importance thereafter. Consequently, the trade got diverted to other ports of the Malabar Coast, such as Cochin (Kochi) and Calicut
417:
As of the 2011 India Census, Kodungallur
Municipality had a population of 33,935. It had an average literacy rate of 95.10%. Around 64% of the population follows Hinduism, 32% Islam and 4% Christianity. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 7.8% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.1% of total population in
447:, known locally as Kottappuram Fort, was constructed in Kodungallur by Portuguese in 1523. The fort was enlarged in 1565, and passed into the hands of the Dutch in 1663. Thiruvanchikulam Mahadeva Temple, dedicated to the god Siva, is one of the major Siva temples in South India.
1052:
in 1776. In 1786, Mysorean troops again marched to northern Kerala, but failed to progress ahead of
Kodungallur. On 31 July 1789, the Dutch handed over their establishments in Kodungallur and Azhikode to the Kingdom of Travancore for 300,000 Surat silver rupees.
1035:
lagoon out of the
Zamorin's reach. The battle set the scene for Portuguese to expand their colonial authority over a significant area of the Malabar coast. By 1510, their fluid power in the Malabar coast solidified into a perceptible territorial entity.
2060:
832:. The community settled on the southern side of Cranganore and eventually established three churches in the names of St. Thomas, St. Kuriakose, and St. Mary. The Knanaya left their settlement after its destruction during a battle between the
1043:
entered the competition, sacked the
Portuguese in a fortnightly war, with the help of Zamorin, and occupied Kodungallur. The Dutch took the control of Kodungallur fort in 1663 and it eventually protected southern Kerala, especially
956:. Since Kodungallur was sandwiched between the kingdom of Kozhikode and the kingdom of Kochi, it was a matter of frequent dispute for both the kings. The chieftain of Kodungallur often switched allegiance from one king to another.
883:
rulers in the 11th century CE. After the dissolution of the Chera
Perumal rule (early 12th century CE), Kodungallur emerged as a principality, named Padinjattedathu Swaroopam, under the control of the royal family of
463:
is a Hindu temple at Kodungallur dedicated to the goddess Bhadrakali, a form of Mahakali or simply Durga or Aadi Parashakthi worshipped and significantly revered in Kerala. The goddess is known also by the names
620:
Scholars believe that Muziris, an ancient harbour located on the mouth of Periyar, coincides with modern-day Kodungallur. Central Kerala and western Tamil Nadu in early historic south India was ruled by the
636:
The harbour was visited by navigators from all over the world, especially from the Mediterranean world. The Roman Empire had a continuous trading connection with the West Coast of India. Along with spices
975:. A squadron of around ten fighting ships, accompanied by numerous fighting boats from Kochi, headed up to Kodungallur. The heavier ships, unable to make their way into the shallow channels, anchored at
999:
of Calicut, Cochin and other small kingdoms in the area. Hence the community had sought an alliance with the Portuguese newcomers. Since they were one of the major suppliers of pepper in the region, the
692:
986:
Converging on Kodungallur, the Portuguese-Kochi fleet quickly dispersed the Calicut forces on the beach using cannons, and launched their composite army – some 1,000 Portuguese soldiers and 1,000
971:. Hence, in October 1504 Zamorin dispatched a force to fortify Kodungallur. Reading this movement as a preparation for a renewed attack on Kochi, the Portuguese commander, Lopo Soares, ordered a
589:
Kodungallur was also known as Jangli, Gingaleh, Cyngilin, Shinkali, Chinkli, Jinkali, Shenkala, and Cynkali, which are all derived from the name of the River Changala (or the Chain River, i.e.,
952:
Portuguese navigators began operating in South India from the early 16th century CE. During this period, Kodungallur was a "tributary state" of the kingdom of Kozhikode (Calicut) of
1176:
2114:
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also found the relationship reciprocating.) This might have helped the ancient Christian community of Kodungallur from extinction during the 1504 assault on the city.
1031:
The raid on Cranganore and the defection of the Tanur raja were serious setbacks to the Zamorin of Calicut, pushing the frontline north and effectively placing the
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896:. The flood silted the right branch (known as the River Changala) and the natural harbour at the mouth of the river to make it poorly navigable for large vessels.
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and protected by their own militia, the local political sphere was volatile and the Saint Thomas Christians had found themselves under pressure from the
69:
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1643:
Forgotten East: Mission, Liturgy and Spirituality of the Eastern Churches : a Study with Special Reference to the Church of St. Thomas Christians
4990:
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2759:
1070:
the nodal agency for the Muziris Heritage Project, provides academic guidance and undertakes archaeological and historical research in the region.
149:
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468:"" (The Mother of Kodungallur). This temple is the head of 64 Bhadrakali temples in Kerala and is one of the oldest functioning temples in India.
3941:
1233:
586:, brother of the Chera King Sengottuvan. It was also known as Muchiri Pattanam, Muyirikkode, Mahavanchimana Pattanam, and Thrikulasekarapuram.
410:. Kodungallur, being a port city at the northern end of the Kerala lagoons, was a strategic entry point for the naval fleets to the extensive
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578:, which the Pandya ruler failed to follow, and incurs the wrath of the chaste Kannagi. This is also the story of the classical Tamil epic
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the Saint Thomas Christian quarters in the city. (At the time the community was in a tenuous position: though thriving in the
928:
729:, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of
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4995:
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2010:
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892:(Kozhikode). It is speculated that the floods split the left branch of the River Periyar into two, just before the town of
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In the medieval period (from c. ninth century CE), Kondungallur was part of the city of Makothai Vanchi (Sanskrit:
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For a large number of such names for Kodungallir down the centuries arranged more or less chronologically
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Community is believed to have arrived from the Middle East under the leadership of the Syrian merchant
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The first case of COVID-19 in India was reported at Kodungallur in a medical student who returned from
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888:. The city state was "allied" either to the kingdom of Cochin (Kochi) or to Calicut (Kozhikode).
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276:
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1016:, that had been dispatched to save the city was intercepted by the idling Portuguese ships near
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port was almost completely destroyed by the Portuguese (Suarez de Menezes) on 1 September 1504.
1979:
Fort Cochin in Kerala, 1750-1830: The Social Condition of a Dutch Community in an Indian Milieu
1763:
Fort Cochin in Kerala, 1750-1830: The Social Condition of a Dutch Community in an Indian Milieu
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was the patron deity of the Chera Perumals of Kerala and remains the family deity of the
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1234:"Assembly Constituencies – Corresponding Districts and Parliamentary Constituencies"
509:, meaning 'place of the grand stone' in old tamil, because of a huge stone that the
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2014:
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landed in or around Kodungallur in the middle of the first century CE and founded
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992:
908:
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649:, diamonds, silk and perfumes were acquired by the sailors from central Kerala.
28:
1628:
Jornada of D. Alexis Menezis: A Portuguese Account of Sixteenth Century Malabar
1433:
Orientalia christiana periodica: Commentaril de re orientali ...: Volumes 17–18
34:
This article is about the developed town. For the palace of the same name, see
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1501:
Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean
1045:
844:
814:
550:, meaning a 'bloody killing field', because of a 16th-century battle between
164:
151:
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915:
in the beach, believed to be installed by the 14th-century Chinese explorer
818:
790:
786:
778:
774:
734:
514:
438:
421:
Kodungallur is the headquarters of the Kodungallur sub-district (tehsil) in
289:
284:
3926:
441:
district (28 km ) is the major railway station near Kodungallur.
1421:. Oriental Institute of Religious Studies, India Publications. p. 40.
967:
lagoon, was a strategic entry point for Zamorin's army and fleet into the
5264:
5164:
5109:
4707:
4677:
4654:
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2835:
2830:
2739:
2709:
2644:
2634:
2624:
2609:
2554:
2519:
2335:
2037:"Relentless efforts of Hussein give Malayalam apt space in digital world"
1535:
The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine
1085:
1032:
964:
916:
861:
794:
746:
696:
594:
407:
1406:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 885.
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1157:
953:
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714:
680:
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529:
501:
Origin of the modern name 'Kodungallur' has multiple interpretations:
378:
17:
1870:
The Dutch Intersection: The Jews and the Netherlands in Modern History
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575:
433:
is well connected to other towns in Kerala through the road network.
395:
194:
1669:
Time Warps: Silent and Evasive Pasts in Indian Politics and Religion
528:, meaning the 'city of good governance'. ('kōl' literally means a
425:. Kodungallur Kerala Legislative Assembly constituency is a part of
5061:
1616:: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978
983:
island), while the smaller frigates progressed to the destination.
5169:
5119:
5093:
4491:
4425:
4314:
4304:
4180:
3780:
3393:
3130:
2870:
2825:
2810:
2484:
2379:
2369:
1435:. Pontificium Institutum Orientalium Studiorum. 1951. p. 233.
1060:
980:
927:
893:
865:
742:
738:
701:
656:
651:
646:
627:
489:
448:
399:
1395:
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1021:
996:
987:
873:
540:
5065:
4587:
3930:
2069:
1569:
Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles
1802:
Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean
382:) is a historically significant town situated on the banks of
1601:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.
517:
to establish a shrine dedicated to the legendary Tamil woman
1945:
A History of Trade & Commerce in Travancore, 1600–1805
963:
Kodungallur, being a port city at the northern end of the
632:
18th-century depiction of the Hindu temple at Kodungallur
1020:
and defeated in a naval encounter. In the meantime, the
539:
because of the existence of temple dedicated to goddess
1419:
The pastoral care of the Syro-Malabar Catholic migrants
475:
reached during 1st century AD to preach Christianity.
1912:
Christianity in India: from Beginnings to the Present
1794:
1792:
1790:
1703:. Centre For Heritage Studies, India. Archived from
824:
Sometime between the fourth and eighth century, the
74:
Dutch East India Company ships in Kodungallur (1708)
5034:
4983:
4947:
4891:
4818:
4802:
4756:
4670:
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398:, India. It is 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of
320:
312:
300:
283:
272:
267:
259:
251:
246:
238:
230:
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217:
212:
200:
188:
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48:
582:, written by royal born, but later turned ascetic
1839:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293–294.
919:, have also become a popular tourist attraction.
570:). It was the seat of the Kerala branch of the
1243:. Election Commission of India. Archived from
5077:
5049:Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda
5044:Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur
4599:
3942:
2081:
494:A scene from Kodungallur Bharani festival in
8:
1295:
1293:
1291:
659:of St. Thomas, kept in the sanatorium of a
471:It was here that one of Jesus's disciples,
5084:
5070:
5062:
4848:Sri Kurumba Bagvathi Temple, (Kodungallur)
4606:
4592:
4584:
3949:
3935:
3927:
3168:
2088:
2074:
2066:
1504:. Columbia University Press. p. 333.
1012:The Calicut fleet, some five ships and 80
513:king Cheran Chenguttuvan brought from the
45:
5006:College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
2011:"Kerala Council for Historical Research"
898:
1833:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (29 October 1998).
1352:
1350:
1168:
717:tradition, Kodungallur was home to the
299:
282:
266:
245:
237:
224:
211:
179:
144:
78:
66:
1836:The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama
1645:. Ephrem's Publications. p. 148.
1340:Vol. I, quoted by George Menachery in
1142:(1972–2020), director and screenwriter
5336:Cities and towns in Thrissur district
4878:St. Joseph's Parish Shrine, Pavaratty
4810:List of villages in Thrissur district
1603:Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
339:
319:
311:
271:
258:
250:
234:29.24 km (11.29 sq mi)
229:
216:
199:
187:
7:
5026:Kerala University of Health Sciences
1915:, 122–124. Oxford University Press.
1726:A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007).
1357:A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007).
1300:A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007).
1210:. Janasevana Kendram. Archived from
1202:
1200:
1177:"Profile - Kodungallur Municipality"
860:articles such as spices (pepper and
445:Fort Cranganore (Fortaleza São Tomé)
1630:. LRC Publications. pp. 19–20.
1498:Edward Simpson; Kai Kresse (2008).
123:
93:
3858:Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)
1446:Adrian Hastings (15 August 2000).
1122:Kodungallur Kunjikkuttan Thampuran
979:(Pallipuram, on the outer edge of
942:Fortaleza de São Tomé de Cranganor
25:
4934:Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary
641:), commodities including pearls,
625:line of rulers.
406:and 38 km (24 mi) from
3911:
2096:
1982:. BRILL. pp. 86, 149, 158.
1450:. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 149.
801:, and they are among the oldest
427:Chalakudi Lok Sabha Constituency
122:
115:
92:
85:
68:
2061:Satellite image of Kodungallur.
1448:A World History of Christianity
1082:(1930–2015), writer and thinker
944:) in 1523, at the beginning of
797:, were built during the era of
706:A rebuilt structure of the old
667:A traditional belief among the
5346:Former capital cities in India
4996:Kerala Agricultural University
4991:Government Engineering College
1976:Anjana Singh (30 April 2010).
1805:. Primus Books. pp. 90–.
1760:Anjana Singh (30 April 2010).
1666:Ashis Nandy (1 January 2002).
1641:Abraham Mattam (Mar)) (2001).
1572:. Other Books. pp. 179–.
1112:(born 1952), typeface designer
1094:(1924–2007), poet and director
843:According to one tradition, a
1:
4975:Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur
1532:Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987).
1477:. M. E. Sharpe. p. 123.
1336:cf. K. P. Padbhanabha Menon,
1124:(1864–1914), poet and scholar
496:Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple
461:Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple
43:Municipality in Kerala, India
5011:St. Thomas College, Thrissur
4883:Saint Antony's Church, Ollur
4847:
1612:Pg 58, Cultural heritage of
855:Medieval port of Kodungallur
346:Cranganore (anglicised name)
4919:Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary
4868:St. Thomas Church (Palayur)
1799:Pius Malekandathil (2010).
1626:Pius Malekandathil (2003).
1538:. Brill. pp. 458–459.
1471:Jonathan Goldstein (1999).
1417:James Arampulickal (1994).
1276:. Kerala Tourism Department
903:Cape of Kodungallur, where
879:The port was sacked by the
749:(c. 570–632). According to
727:Legend of Cheraman Perumals
263:2,400/km (6,300/sq mi)
5362:
5331:Former Portuguese colonies
5001:Government Medical College
1729:A Survey of Kerala History
1566:Husain Raṇṭattāṇi (2007).
1360:A Survey of Kerala History
1303:A Survey of Kerala History
948:, which lasted until 1662.
613:
344:; formerly also called as
33:
26:
5341:Maritime history of India
5100:
5021:Sree Kerala Varma College
3908:
2112:
1909:Frykenberg, Eric (2008).
1363:. DC Books. p. 127.
1306:. DC Books. p. 126.
1065:Saint Michael's Cathedral
145:
79:
67:
58:
3958:Municipalities of Kerala
2137:Thiruvananthapuram KL-01
1732:. DC Books. p. 18.
1672:. Hurst. pp. 172–.
1057:Muziris Heritage Project
752:Qissat Shakarwati Farmad
221:Kodungallur Municipality
27:Not to be confused with
4970:Chembai Sangeetholsavam
1948:. Mittal Publications.
1403:Encyclopædia Britannica
1344:, 1987, reprinted 2000.
745:during the lifetime of
669:Saint Thomas Christians
453:Thiruvanchikulam Temple
165:10.233761°N 76.194634°E
4214:Chittur-Thathamangalam
2866:Chittur-Thathamangalam
2760:Municipal corporations
1942:K. K. Kusuman (1987).
1766:. BRILL. p. 233.
1066:
954:Zamorins (Samoothiris)
949:
941:
920:
809:. It is believed that
710:
664:
633:
610:Early historic harbour
597:), a tributary of the
558:which was fought here.
498:
341:[koɖuŋːɐlːuːr]
2941:Kothamangalam, Kerala
1873:. BRILL. p. 65.
1867:Yosef Kaplan (2008).
1599:Prange, Sebastian R.
1118:(born 1957), director
1064:
932:The Portuguese built
931:
902:
886:Kodungallur Kovilakam
840:in the 16th century.
705:
655:
631:
493:
435:Aluva Railway Station
273: • Official
242:9 m (30 ft)
36:Kodungallur Kovilakam
4858:Cheraman Juma Masjid
4853:Vilwadrinatha Temple
2147:Pathanamthitta KL-03
1707:on 15 September 2015
1136:(born 1998), actress
1130:(1911–1984), painter
913:Chinese fishing nets
708:Cheraman Juma Masjid
322:Vehicle registration
260: • Density
170:10.233761; 76.194634
5180:Kadamakkudy Islands
4955:Kodungallur Bharani
4929:Kerala Kalamandalam
1932:Mathew (1997: p.14)
1274:muzirisheritage.org
1191:"India Census 2011"
1158:Kozhikode (Calicut)
1106:(born 2002), singer
807:Indian subcontinent
725:. According to the
723:Indian subcontinent
457:Cochin Royal Family
404:National Highway 66
161: /
4550:Thiruvananthapuram
3850:Historical regions
2768:Thiruvananthapuram
2700:Thiruvananthapuram
2120:Thiruvananthapuram
1701:"History of Kochi"
1397:"Kodungalur"
1270:"Kottappuram fort"
1100:(born 2000), actor
1088:(1930–2000), actor
1067:
950:
921:
838:Zamorin of Calicut
711:
673:Thomas the Apostle
671:in Kerala is that
665:
634:
552:Zamorin of Calicut
499:
252: • Total
231: • Total
106:Show map of Kerala
5313:
5312:
5305:Willingdon Island
5059:
5058:
4965:Guruvayur Ekadasi
4899:Athirapally Falls
4581:
4580:
3924:
3923:
3900:Travancore–Cochin
3844:
3843:
1989:978-90-04-16816-9
1955:978-81-7099-026-0
1900:Castanheda, p.272
1880:978-90-04-14996-0
1846:978-0-521-64629-1
1812:978-93-80607-01-6
1773:978-90-04-16816-9
1739:978-81-264-1578-6
1679:978-1-85065-479-7
1652:978-81-88065-00-4
1579:978-81-903887-8-8
1545:978-90-04-07929-8
1511:978-0-231-70024-5
1474:The Jews of China
1457:978-0-8028-4875-8
1370:978-81-264-1578-6
1338:History of Kerala
1313:978-81-264-1578-6
1050:Mysorean invasion
973:preemptive strike
969:Kerala backwaters
834:Kingdom of Cochin
741:and converted to
556:Kingdom of Cochin
423:Thrissur district
412:Kerala backwaters
392:Thrissur district
330:
329:
218: • Body
136:Show map of India
16:(Redirected from
5353:
5326:Suburbs of Kochi
5285:Thuravoor Thekku
5086:
5079:
5072:
5063:
4828:Guruvayur Temple
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3918:India portal
3916:
3915:
3914:
3831:Thalayolaparambu
3590:Sreekrishnapuram
3525:Sreemoolanagaram
3169:
2182:Malappuram KL-10
2100:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2067:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2039:. 9 January 2022
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2013:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1796:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1354:
1345:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1297:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1214:on 24 March 2011
1204:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1128:K. Madhava Menon
1098:Naslen K. Gafoor
1080:V. Aravindakshan
1026:Kingdom of Tanur
761:at Kodungallur,
733:, who left from
480:Wuhan University
343:
338:
176:
175:
173:
172:
171:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
137:
126:
125:
119:
107:
96:
95:
89:
72:
46:
21:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5096:
5090:
5060:
5055:
5030:
5016:Vimala College
4979:
4960:Thrissur Pooram
4943:
4914:Chavakkad Beach
4904:Vazhachal Falls
4887:
4873:Pazhanji Church
4820:Religious sites
4814:
4798:
4752:
4666:
4621:
4612:
4582:
4577:
4544:
4511:
4478:
4435:
4392:
4369:
4291:
4243:
4195:
4122:
4074:
4070:Sulthan Bathery
4046:
3988:
3960:
3955:
3925:
3920:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3890:Venad (kingdom)
3840:
3604:
3438:
3304:Kottappadi Part
3160:
2797:
2754:
2356:
2312:Indian elephant
2289:
2206:
2202:Kasaragod KL-14
2187:Kozhikode KL-11
2167:Ernakulam KL-07
2152:Alappuzha KL-04
2123:
2108:
2094:
2057:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1250:on 4 March 2009
1247:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1149:
1104:Vaishnav Girish
1076:
1059:
1010:
946:Portuguese rule
934:Cranganore Fort
926:
857:
679:: Kodungallur,
618:
612:
607:
580:Chilappatikaram
488:
336:
308:
169:
167:
163:
160:
155:
152:
150:
148:
147:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
127:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
97:
75:
63:
54:
51:
44:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5359:
5357:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5318:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5200:Kizhakkambalam
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5130:Chendamangalam
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5066:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Punnathurkotta
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4863:Mala Synagogue
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4838:Vadakkumnathan
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4794:Wadakkancherry
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4757:Municipalities
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4525:Karunagappally
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4502:Pathanamthitta
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4484:Pathanamthitta
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4365:Thrippunithura
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4325:Koothattukulam
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4287:Wadakkancherry
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Perinthalmanna
4163:
4161:Parappanangadi
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:Sreekandapuram
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3631:Chirayinkeezhu
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3565:Vadakkencherry
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Muzhappilangad
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Padinharethara
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Thrippunithura
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Sreekandapuram
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Perinthalmanna
3063:
3058:
3056:Pathanamthitta
3053:
3048:
3046:Parappanangadi
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
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2177:Palakkad KL-09
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2172:Thrissur KL-08
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2055:External links
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1392:Chisholm, Hugh
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830:Thomas of Cana
677:Seven Churches
663:in Kodungallur
614:Main article:
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568:Mahodaya Puram
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4406:Changanassery
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4345:North Paravur
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4330:Kothamangalam
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4209:Cherpulassery
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4113:Ramanattukara
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3786:Kanjirappally
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3621:Balaramapuram
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3595:Lakkidi-Perur
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3510:Chottanikkara
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3244:Kunnamangalam
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3021:North Paravur
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3006:Neyyattinkara
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2846:Changanassery
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2615:North Paravur
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2605:Neyyattinkara
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2510:Kothamangalam
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2455:Kanjirappally
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2395:Changanassery
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2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Wayanad KL-12
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2017:on 2 May 2012
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:0-19-826377-5
1918:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1863:
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1848:
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1826:
1814:
1808:
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1494:
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1484:9780765601049
1480:
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1442:
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1398:
1393:
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1141:
1138:
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1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:K. H. Hussain
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:In 1662, the
1037:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:Calicut fleet
1007:
1005:
1003:
998:
994:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
957:
955:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
923:
918:
914:
910:
907:empties into
906:
901:
897:
895:
889:
887:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
854:
852:
850:
849:Malabar Coast
846:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:Chera dynasty
728:
724:
720:
719:oldest mosque
716:
715:Kerala Muslim
713:According to
709:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:Kokkamangalam
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
662:
661:Syrian Church
658:
654:
650:
648:
644:
640:
630:
626:
624:
617:
609:
604:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
584:Ilango Adigal
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:, Malayalam:
565:
564:Mahodaya Pura
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
537:koṭuṁ-kāḷi-ūr
534:
531:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:koṭuṁ-kall-ūr
504:
503:
502:
497:
492:
485:
483:
481:
476:
474:
469:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
418:Kodungallur.
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Malabar Coast
385:
384:river Periyar
381:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:Mahodayapuram
355:
351:
347:
342:
334:
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288:
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278:
275:
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241:
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196:
193:
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183:
174:
146:Coordinates:
118:
88:
71:
62:
57:
47:
41:
37:
30:
19:
5245:Nedumbassery
5240:Moothakunnam
5204:
5185:Kadungalloor
5155:Choornikkara
4954:
4939:Thrissur Zoo
4783:
4712:
4703:Irinjalakuda
4645:Mukundapuram
4639:
4530:Kottarakkara
4340:Muvattupuzha
4276:
4272:Irinjalakuda
4065:Mananthavady
4012:Kuthuparamba
3836:Kaduthuruthy
3821:Kuravilangad
3771:Ambalappuzha
3711:Kozhencherry
3706:Kulathupuzha
3696:Pathanapuram
3676:Sasthamkotta
3580:Puthunagaram
3530:Nedumbassery
3515:Udayamperoor
3455:Vandiperiyar
3404:Vellarikundu
3364:Pappinisseri
3344:Anjarakkandy
3254:Thiruvambady
3249:Thamarassery
3189:Puthanathani
3121:Thrikkakkara
2996:Muvattupuzha
2951:Kottarakkara
2936:Kuthuparamba
2925:
2881:Irinjalakuda
2745:Vellarikundu
2725:Udumbanchola
2690:Thamarassery
2630:Pathanapuram
2595:Muvattupuzha
2590:Mukundapuram
2570:Manjeshwaram
2565:Mananthavady
2530:Kozhencherry
2515:Kottarakkara
2489:
2385:Ambalappuzha
2230:Demographics
2197:Kannur KL-13
2162:Idukki KL-06
2142:Kollam KL-02
2118:
2041:. Retrieved
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2015:the original
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1978:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1944:
1937:
1928:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1869:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1835:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1801:
1777:. Retrieved
1762:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1728:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1705:the original
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1668:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1621:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1568:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1534:
1527:
1515:. Retrieved
1500:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1401:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1359:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1302:
1278:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1240:
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1185:
1171:
1092:P. Bhaskaran
1068:
1038:
1030:
1013:
1011:
985:
962:
958:
951:
890:
878:
872:fabrics and
858:
842:
823:
802:
791:Panthalayini
757:
750:
712:
699:and Kollam.
683:, Nilackal (
666:
639:black pepper
635:
619:
590:
588:
567:
563:
561:
547:
536:
526:koṭuṁ-kōl-ūr
525:
506:
500:
477:
470:
443:
430:
420:
416:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
345:
332:
331:
61:Municipality
40:
5270:Perumbavoor
5260:Panayikulam
5205:Kodungallur
5145:Cheranallur
5135:Chengamanad
5092:Suburbs of
4789:Kunnamkulam
4784:Kodungallur
4713:Kodungallur
4650:Thalappally
4640:Kodungallur
4474:Mavelikkara
4411:Erattupetta
4360:Thrikkakara
4350:Perumbavoor
4320:Kalamassery
4282:Kunnamkulam
4277:Kodungallur
4186:Tirurangadi
4037:Taliparamba
3984:Nileshwaram
3816:Puthuppally
3776:Mararikulam
3766:Charummoodu
3646:Chathannoor
3505:Malayattoor
3495:Kunnathunad
3389:Cheruvathur
3384:Thrikaripur
3369:Kalliasseri
3234:Vallikkunnu
3209:Kuttippuram
3199:Angadipuram
3165:Other towns
3136:Tirurangadi
3106:Taliparamba
3071:Perumbavoor
3016:Nileshwaram
2991:Mavelikkara
2966:Kunnamkulam
2926:Kodungallur
2891:Kalamassery
2720:Tirurangadi
2675:Taliparamba
2580:Mavelikkara
2545:Kunnathunad
2540:Kunnamkulam
2490:Kodungallur
2328:Golden rain
1711:5 September
1342:Kodungallur
1048:, from the
993:spice trade
909:Arabian Sea
811:Malik Dinar
799:Malik Dinar
466:Sri Kurumba
431:Kodungallur
374:Muyirikkode
333:Kodungallur
168: /
130:Kodungallur
100:Kodungallur
50:Kodungallur
29:Kadungallur
5320:Categories
5300:Vazhakulam
5295:Varappuzha
5275:Puthencruz
5230:Maliankara
5220:Kumbalangi
5215:Koonammavu
5210:Kolenchery
4843:Nalambalam
4733:Pazhayanur
4723:Mathilakam
4563:Nedumangad
4507:Thiruvalla
4469:Kayamkulam
4454:Chenganoor
4416:Ettumanoor
4388:Thodupuzha
4383:Kattappana
4224:Ottappalam
4219:Mannarkkad
4191:Valanchery
4146:Malappuram
4128:Malappuram
4042:Thalassery
3895:Travancore
3806:Karukachal
3796:Mundakayam
3726:Mallapally
3661:Neendakara
3641:Parippally
3636:Kilimanoor
3585:Malampuzha
3560:Chelakkara
3520:Varappuzha
3490:Puthencruz
3485:Kolenchery
3434:Manjeshwar
3424:Mangalpady
3359:Cherukunnu
3319:Meenangadi
3259:Kodencheri
3141:Valanchery
3116:Thodupuzha
3111:Thiruvalla
3101:Thalassery
3001:Nedumangad
2971:Malappuram
2921:Kayamkulam
2916:Kattappana
2856:Chengannur
2705:Thodupuzha
2695:Thiruvalla
2685:Thalassery
2680:Thalapilly
2600:Nedumangad
2575:Mannarkkad
2560:Mallapally
2450:Kanayannur
2405:Chengannur
2275:Government
1254:19 October
1218:7 December
1164:References
1046:Travancore
1002:Portuguese
938:Portuguese
868:, pearls,
847:colony in
845:Cochin Jew
815:Thalangara
693:Kottakkavu
591:Shrinkhala
572:Chera clan
473:St. Thomas
350:Portuguese
247:Population
213:Government
156:76°11′41″E
153:10°14′02″N
53:Cranganore
5250:Njarackal
5235:Manjummel
5225:Kunnukara
5195:Karukutty
5175:Ezhikkara
5150:Cherthala
5125:Chellanam
5115:Arookutty
4984:Education
4948:Festivals
4909:Guruvayur
4774:Guruvayur
4769:Chavakkad
4764:Chalakudy
4743:Talikulam
4738:Puzhakkal
4728:Ollukkara
4708:Kodakara
4698:Chowannur
4688:Chavakkad
4683:Chalakudy
4660:Chalakudy
4635:Chavakkad
4459:Cherthala
4449:Alappuzha
4441:Alappuzha
4297:Ernakulam
4267:Guruvayur
4262:Chavakkad
4257:Chalakudy
4141:Kottakkal
4098:Koyilandy
4093:Koduvally
4080:Kozhikode
4027:Payyannur
4017:Mattannur
3979:Kasaragod
3974:Kanhangad
3966:Kasaragod
3681:Kunnathur
3626:Kattakada
3616:Parassala
3600:Thrithala
3555:Pavaratty
3545:Puthukkad
3475:Devikulam
3339:Dharmadom
3324:Panamaram
3274:Nadapuram
3264:Balussery
3194:Kottakkal
3026:Ottapalam
2961:Koyilandy
2946:Kottakkal
2911:Kasaragod
2901:Kanhangad
2876:Guruvayur
2861:Cherthala
2851:Chavakkad
2841:Chalakudy
2821:Alappuzha
2773:Kozhikode
2620:Ottapalam
2585:Meenachil
2550:Kunnathur
2535:Kozhikode
2525:Koyilandy
2480:Kattakada
2475:Kasaragod
2425:Devikulam
2410:Cherthala
2400:Chavakkad
2390:Chalakudy
2344:Jackfruit
2250:Geography
2240:Education
2129:Districts
2021:24 August
1995:28 August
1961:28 August
1886:23 August
1818:23 August
1779:29 August
1745:22 August
1685:28 August
1376:22 August
1319:22 August
1280:24 August
1208:"Profile"
1018:Palliport
977:Palliport
819:Kasaragod
805:s in the
787:Dharmadam
779:Kasaragod
775:Mangalore
735:Dharmadom
515:Himalayas
486:Etymology
439:Ernakulam
354:Cranganor
285:Time zone
279:, English
277:Malayalam
268:Languages
239:Elevation
5265:Pathalam
5165:Edathala
5110:Angamaly
4833:Mammiyur
4803:Villages
4678:Anthikad
4655:Thrissur
4619:Thrissur
4615:District
4558:Attingal
4497:Pandalam
4421:Kottayam
4398:Kottayam
4310:Angamaly
4249:Thrissur
4239:Shoranur
4234:Pattambi
4229:Palakkad
4201:Palakkad
4156:Nilambur
4136:Kondotty
4118:Vatakara
4060:Kalpetta
3826:Uzhavoor
3756:Parumala
3741:Kulanada
3736:Aranmula
3731:Kumbanad
3701:Thenmala
3691:Kadakkal
3651:Kottiyam
3550:Manaloor
3540:Kodakara
3465:Rajakkad
3450:Peermade
3354:Azhikode
3334:Peravoor
3329:Pulpally
3294:Chundale
3279:Kuttiady
3269:Perambra
3239:Olavanna
3219:Areekode
3184:Thavanur
3146:Vatakara
3086:Shoranur
3061:Payyanur
3036:Palakkad
3011:Nilambur
2986:Mattanur
2956:Kottayam
2931:Kondotty
2896:Kalpetta
2836:Attingal
2831:Angamaly
2788:Thrissur
2740:Vatakara
2710:Thrissur
2645:Peermade
2640:Payyanur
2635:Pattambi
2625:Palakkad
2610:Nilambur
2555:Kuttanad
2520:Kottayam
2500:Kondotty
2336:Karimeen
2270:Wildlife
1147:See also
1086:Bahadoor
1033:Vembanad
965:Vembanad
917:Zheng He
862:cinnamon
813:died at
795:Chaliyam
747:Muhammad
697:Palayoor
595:Sanskrit
408:Thrissur
290:UTC+5:30
207:Thrissur
202:District
5105:Alengad
5036:Diocese
4892:Tourism
4573:Varkala
4540:Punalur
4535:Paravur
4464:Haripad
4355:Piravom
4171:Ponnani
4151:Manjeri
4108:Payyoli
4052:Wayanad
4002:Anthoor
3868:Malabar
3863:Zamorin
3811:Pampady
3801:Vazhoor
3791:Erumely
3746:Omallur
3671:Oachira
3666:Chavara
3656:Kundara
3575:Nemmara
3570:Alathur
3480:Adimali
3443:Central
3414:Karadka
3409:Parappa
3379:Alakode
3374:Irikkur
3299:Meppadi
3289:Vythiri
3284:Lakkidi
3229:Vengara
3224:Wandoor
3214:Karipur
3204:Mankada
3179:Edappal
3156:Varkala
3081:Punalur
3076:Ponnani
3051:Paravur
2976:Manjeri
2816:Anthoor
2750:Vythiri
2735:Varkala
2660:Punalur
2655:Ponnani
2435:Hosdurg
2420:Chittur
2375:Alathur
2320:Coconut
2294:Symbols
2280:Tourism
2265:History
2235:Economy
2225:Culture
2115:Capital
2043:28 June
1852:26 July
1585:25 July
1551:25 July
1517:24 July
1024:of the
905:Periyar
826:Knanaya
758:Masjids
721:in the
681:Niranam
616:Muziris
605:History
599:Periyar
530:sceptre
519:Kannagi
451:in the
386:on the
379:Muziris
370:Muchiri
362:Shingly
181:Country
18:Makotai
5190:Kalady
5140:Cherai
4693:Cherpu
4671:Blocks
4627:Taluks
4517:Kollam
4431:Vaikom
4375:Idukki
4335:Maradu
4103:Mukkam
4088:Feroke
4022:Panoor
4007:Iritty
3994:Kannur
3885:Cochin
3761:Mannar
3686:Anchal
3500:Kalady
3470:Munnar
3460:Kumily
3429:Uppala
3419:Kumbla
3309:Muttil
3151:Vaikom
3041:Panoor
2981:Maradu
2886:Iritty
2793:Kannur
2783:Kollam
2730:Vaikom
2495:Kollam
2460:Kannur
2445:Iritty
2440:Idukki
2430:Eranad
2362:Taluks
2348:Insect
2324:Flower
2308:Animal
2285:Sports
2212:Topics
2106:Kerala
1986:
1952:
1919:
1877:
1843:
1809:
1770:
1736:
1676:
1649:
1614:Kerala
1576:
1542:
1508:
1481:
1454:
1367:
1310:
1241:Kerala
1014:paraus
876:wood.
870:cotton
821:town.
803:Masjid
793:, and
783:Kannur
771:Barkur
767:Madayi
763:Kollam
755:, the
685:Chayal
643:muslin
576:Dharma
396:Kerala
376:, and
366:Vanchi
307:680664
255:70,868
195:Kerala
5170:Eloor
5120:Aroor
5094:Kochi
4492:Adoor
4426:Palai
4315:Eloor
4305:Aluva
4181:Tirur
4176:Tanur
3781:Aroor
3721:Ranni
3716:Konni
3609:South
3394:Bekal
3172:North
3131:Tirur
3096:Tanur
2871:Eloor
2826:Aluva
2811:Adoor
2778:Kochi
2715:Tirur
2665:Ranni
2505:Konni
2485:Kochi
2380:Aluva
2370:Adoor
2340:Fruit
2260:Ports
2255:Roads
2102:State
1248:(PDF)
1237:(PDF)
1140:Sachy
1116:Kamal
1041:Dutch
997:rajas
981:Vypin
894:Aluva
881:Chola
866:ivory
743:Islam
739:Mecca
657:Relic
647:ivory
623:Chera
546:From
535:From
524:From
511:Chera
505:From
326:KL-47
190:State
184:India
4718:Mala
3535:Mala
3399:Udma
3031:Pala
2332:Fish
2316:Tree
2300:Bird
2245:Film
2220:Arts
2045:2022
2023:2012
1997:2012
1984:ISBN
1963:2012
1950:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1888:2012
1875:ISBN
1854:2012
1841:ISBN
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