71:
84:
431:
403:
577:
in
Liberia as the Grain Coast or Pepper Coast in honor of the availability of grains of paradise. Later, the craze for the spice waned, and its uses were reduced to a flavoring for sausages and beer. In the 18th century, its importation to Great Britain collapsed after an act of Parliament during the
398:
The stem at times can be short, and usually shows signs of scars and dropped leaves. The leaves are narrow and similar to those of bamboo, with a well-structured vascular system. The flowers of the herbaceous plant are aromatic, with an orange-colored lip and rich pinkish-orange upper part. The
2532:
422:—around 80 to 90 percent. The gorillas eat the entire fruit and act as a source of seed dispersal for meleguetta. In addition to food, the plant is also the most common material used to make nests and beds.
623:. They also eat the leaves, and use them for bedding material. The absence of the seeds in the diets of captive lowland gorillas may contribute to their occasionally poor cardiovascular health in zoos.
2525:
2518:
1056:
Laurie's
Sailing Directory for the Ethiopic or Southern Atlantic Ocean to the Rio de la Plata, Cape Horn, and the Cape of Good Hope etc., including the Islands between the two coasts
936:"Its popularity may have been due to the brilliant name thought up for it by some advertising genius born before his times" observes Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, Anthea Bell (tr.),
518:
annually and agreement to explore 160 kilometres (100 mi) of the coast of Africa per year for five years; this gives some indication of the
European value of the spice. After
4826:
1331:
538:
was reminiscent of grains of paradise. Malagueta, thanks to its low price, remained popular in Europe even after the
Portuguese opened the direct maritime route to the
4552:
4591:
4851:
483:
governed theories about nourishment on the part of doctors, herbalists, and druggists. In this context, John
Russell characterized grains of paradise in
1137:
742:
4746:
4500:
949:
Noted, with other examples of fiery and watery grains of paradise, by
Beichner 1961, p. 304, note 8; cardamom, with which it was often confused, as
4759:
4565:
4513:
1324:
4831:
4643:
3547:
3513:
1286:
1261:
1244:
Moret, Erica S. (2013). "Trans-Atlantic
Diaspora Ethnobotany: Legacies of West African and Iberian Mediterranean Migration in Central Cuba".
1228:
772:
2541:
642:. Grains of paradise are starting to enjoy a slight resurgence in popularity in North America due to their use by some well-known chefs.
4284:
3400:
3140:
2446:
975:
1317:
366:
469:
as "African pepper" but subsequently forgotten in Europe, they were renamed "grains of paradise" and became a popular substitute for
2438:
1037:
925:
716:
4239:
3375:
3110:
479:
recommends it for improving wine that "smells stale". Through the Middle Ages and into the early modern period, the theory of the
579:
1002:
4772:
4539:
4362:
3675:
917:
4249:
3670:
3665:
3115:
4570:
3650:
3645:
2592:
4358:
3635:
3196:
626:
Today the condiment is sometimes used in gourmet cuisine as a replacement for pepper, and to give unique flavor in some
880:, Thomas Austin (ed,) Early English Texts Society, vol. 91 (1888) (cited in passing by Beichner 1961), under the names
438:
4435:
4785:
4656:
4596:
2451:
1792:
1742:
1089:
592:
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83:
31:
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2327:
2041:
4790:
4661:
4416:
3941:
3723:
1700:
1083:
419:
1134:
826:
699:, where the seeds are employed in luck-bringing and may be held in the mouth or chewed to prove sincerity.
4378:
4244:
4091:
3808:
3680:
3586:
2952:
2597:
1517:
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812:
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332:
70:
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760:
4518:
3919:
3718:
3003:
2737:
2456:
1984:
1924:
1610:
1570:
1532:
1355:
1211:
Voeks, Robert (2013). "Ethnobotany of Brazil's
African Diaspora: The Role of Floristic Homogenization".
620:
586:. In 1855, England imported about 6,800 to 8,600 kilograms (15,000 to 19,000 lb) per year legally (
200:
442:
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3946:
4474:
4299:
4120:
4062:
3991:
3899:
3852:
3287:
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1969:
1867:
1542:
1497:
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1112:
1104:
689:
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4024:
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3734:
3242:
2913:
2046:
1939:
1882:
1860:
1705:
740:"Southern Nations Nationalities and People’s Region (SNNPR) Livelihood Profiles: Regional Overview"
709:
696:
524:
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4836:
4682:
4466:
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4189:
3951:
3746:
3257:
3201:
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224:
78:
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3802:
3390:
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3304:
3135:
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1450:
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1224:
1033:
921:
855:
768:
570:
534:, and Spanish and Portuguese spelling, was then applied to the new chili "pepper" because its
4304:
4846:
4622:
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3980:
3818:
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3227:
2888:
2572:
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49:
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2402:
1989:
1934:
1914:
1877:
1832:
1635:
1595:
1141:
746:
672:, grains of paradise are valued for their warming and digestive properties, and among the
616:
574:
543:
513:
466:
354:
309:
121:
38:
503:
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2417:
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2253:
2188:
2056:
2026:
2006:
1994:
1979:
1964:
1954:
1929:
1732:
1480:
1197:
1006:
793:
Grains of paradise are listed among the varieties of caradmom in the 25th ed. of the
669:
539:
388:
304:
253:
167:
134:
4738:
4687:
4453:
4194:
4010:
3970:
3903:
3893:
3884:
3879:
3822:
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2016:
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402:
324:
269:
157:
4725:
4714:
4427:
1220:
522:
reached the New World in 1492 and brought the first samples of the chili pepper (
308:
have also been used, but are ambiguous as they can apply to other spices such as
4526:
4410:
4234:
4162:
4146:
4014:
3986:
3869:
3813:
3756:
3742:
3430:
3425:
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2223:
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1959:
1919:
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1653:
1376:
1253:
1157:
958:
759:
Tchatchouang, S.; Beng, V. P.; Kuete, V. (1 January 2017), Kuete, Victor (ed.),
673:
657:
643:
458:
450:
377:
320:
147:
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2489:
2484:
2422:
2407:
2347:
2036:
1944:
1690:
1527:
1522:
1460:
1371:
660:, because they are considered less irritating to digestion than black pepper.
597:
555:
1135:"Out of Africa: A Tale of Gorillas, Heart Disease ... and a Swamp Plant"
48:"Melegueta pepper" redirects here. For the similarly named chili pepper, see
4487:
4339:
4324:
4319:
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4264:
3909:
3828:
3786:
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3013:
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17:
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1605:
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1383:
801:, vol. 36, no. 2 (April 1961), p. 303. Beichner suggests the miraculous "
676:
in
Nigeria have been used for divination and ordeals determining guilt.
656:. Grains of paradise are also used by people on certain diets, such as a
535:
480:
392:
369:
5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, containing numerous small, reddish-brown
336:
265:
257:
1279:
Hoodoo Herb and Root Magic: A Materia Magica of
African-American Conjure
4751:
4505:
4461:
4309:
4174:
4140:
4109:
4073:
3931:
3913:
3833:
3790:
3730:
3698:
3564:
3508:
3409:
3360:
3333:
3325:
3272:
3206:
3179:
3022:
2998:
2919:
2868:
2757:
2620:
2317:
2268:
2183:
2173:
2115:
2051:
2021:
1710:
1673:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1565:
1407:
856:"Out of Africa: A Tale of Gorillas, Heart Disease... and a Swamp Plant"
808:
637:
609:
384:
4531:
3618:
3476:
3047:
961:
as hot and dry in its qualities, as recorded in the late 13th-century
510:, then called malagueta pepper. The grant came at the cost of 100,000
4101:
4077:
4035:
3935:
3863:
3702:
3684:
3542:
3503:
3498:
3276:
3262:
3007:
2923:
2818:
2809:
2799:
2778:
2741:
2712:
2707:
2646:
2638:
2624:
2601:
2273:
2228:
2168:
2125:
2066:
2011:
1974:
1894:
1889:
1850:
1747:
1737:
1658:
1620:
1560:
1550:
1424:
1412:
1402:
797:(1955) p. 257, as Paul E. Beichner notes in "The Grain of Paradise",
547:
499:
465:
desert and distributed to Sicily and the rest of Italy. Mentioned by
462:
380:
362:
4372:
2555:
391:, which are the dominating flavor components in the closely related
327:(or Grain Coast) because of this commodity. It is also an important
650:
stew and his apple-pie recipe on an episode of the TV cooking show
600:, but for the most part illegally to give a fictitious strength to
4777:
4544:
4492:
4105:
3841:
3837:
3794:
3708:
3477:
3344:
3321:
2961:
2838:
2721:
2652:
2392:
2233:
2193:
2163:
2110:
2085:
2071:
1819:
1804:
1678:
1645:
1630:
1615:
1502:
1397:
1361:
1176:
Simmons, Donald C. (1956). "Efik Divination, Ordeals, and Omens".
619:
in the wild seems to have some sort of beneficial effect on their
429:
401:
361:
habitats along the West African coast. Its trumpet-shaped, purple
358:
261:
95:
1093:. Vol. 11 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
761:"Chapter 11 - Antiemetic African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables"
4479:
4040:
3874:
3619:
3565:
3526:
3217:
3180:
3048:
2130:
1845:
1475:
1465:
1346:
899:
893:
887:
881:
802:
647:
370:
4376:
2514:
1313:
713:- also known as Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom, or korarima
631:
605:
601:
387:(systematic name: 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one).
3925:
596:
reported: "Grains of paradise are to some extent used in
399:
fruits contain numerous, small, golden red-brown seeds.
272:-like flavor with hints of citrus. It is also known as
749:, FEWS Net (January 2005), p. 27 (accessed 18 May 2009)
565:
spice is shown by the designation of the area from the
37:"Guinea grains" redirects here. For Guinea pepper, see
457:, from where it has been traditionally transported by
449:
Melegueta pepper is commonly used in the cuisines of
376:
The pungent, peppery taste of the seeds is caused by
2542:
4698:
4385:
4155:
3628:
3617:
3597:
3574:
3563:
3535:
3486:
3475:
3353:
3189:
3178:
3103:
3057:
3046:
2986:
2565:
2554:
2472:
2431:
2154:
1644:
1345:
1032:. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki editore. pp. 92–93.
1105:"Gorilla diet protects heart: Grains of paradise"
2283:
1133:Dybas, Cheryl Lyn; Raskin, Ilya (photographer),
1030:Bartolomeo Marchionni, "Homem de grossa fazenda"
511:
688:religious rites. It is also found widely among
635:
473:in Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. The
418:Melegueta is a major component in the diet of
2526:
1325:
827:"Saving Gorillas Through the Power of Plants"
646:is a fan of the condiment, and he uses it in
529:
8:
912:
910:
876:Several medieval recipes are republished in
795:Dispensatory of the United States of America
506:. This included the exclusivity in trade of
4827:Plants used in traditional African medicine
849:
847:
765:Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa
4373:
3625:
3571:
3483:
3186:
3054:
2562:
2533:
2519:
2511:
1332:
1318:
1310:
1081:Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1880).
615:The presence of the seeds in the diets of
69:
56:
1051:
1049:
732:
684:and Latin America, where it is used in
590:paid). By 1880, the 9th edition of the
30:For the album by Erik Friedlander, see
1148:, vol. 57 (May 2007) pp. 392–397.
2713:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
825:Marisa Eisenstein (5 December 2011).
494:granted the monopoly of trade in the
252:) is a species in the ginger family,
7:
1178:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
1069:A History of Sierra Leone, 1400–1787
767:, Academic Press, pp. 299–313,
528:) back with him to Europe, the name
4285:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
3401:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
3141:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
1246:African Ethnobotany in the Americas
1213:African Ethnobotany in the Americas
1028:Guidi Bruscoli, Francesco (2014) .
878:Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-Books
4852:Taxa named by Karl Moritz Schumann
25:
717:List of culinary herbs and spices
292:, and is sometimes confused with
4791:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:795591-1
4662:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:871877-1
1281:. Lucky Mojo. pp. 107–108.
1003:"Discoveries After Prince Henry"
542:around 1500. This namesake, the
264:(ground or whole); it imparts a
82:
978:(in Portuguese). Archived from
323:, which is sometimes named the
41:. For Guinea cubeb pepper, see
1696:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
1248:. Springer. pp. 217–245.
1215:. Springer. pp. 395–416.
1190:10.1086/soutjanth.12.2.3629116
1:
4832:Crops originating from Africa
4359:Receptor/signaling modulators
2708:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
664:Folk medicine and ritual uses
1277:Yronwode, Catherine (2002).
1221:10.1007/978-1-4614-0836-9_14
976:"O Contrato de Fernão Gomes"
940:, revised ed., 2009, p. 446.
3987:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
2895:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
2765:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
2593:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
1508:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
1305:Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages
1254:10.1007/978-1-4614-0836-9_9
920:, p. 170, CRC Press, 2004,
680:has been introduced to the
4868:
1084:"Grains of Paradise"
260:. Its seeds are used as a
47:
36:
32:Grains of Paradise (album)
29:
27:Species of flowering plant
4352:
1430:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
1340:Culinary herbs and spices
815:" was grains of paradise.
256:, and closely related to
230:
223:
206:
199:
79:Scientific classification
77:
68:
59:
2972:Umbellularia californica
2328:Montreal steak seasoning
1166:, season 11, episode 15.
395:, occur only in traces.
3942:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
3724:Andrographis paniculata
1090:Encyclopædia Britannica
900:
894:
888:
882:
803:
593:Encyclopædia Britannica
420:Western Lowland gorilla
4363:Ion channel modulators
4092:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
3587:Tripterygium wilfordii
2953:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
2284:
1071:(Cambridge University)
854:Dybas; Raskin (2007).
831:Denver Botanic Gardens
636:
561:The importance of the
530:
512:
446:
439:São João dos Angolares
410:
3920:Lysophosphatidic acid
1160:, "Apple of My Pie",
1140:1 August 2011 at the
918:"Florida ethnobotany"
621:cardiovascular health
546:, remains popular in
433:
405:
4300:Pregnenolone sulfate
4121:Euphorbia resinifera
4063:Euphorbia resinifera
3992:Phenylacetylrinvanil
3952:N-Oleoylethanolamide
3900:Homodihydrocapsaicin
3288:Pregnenolone sulfate
3151:Pregnenolone sulfate
2958:Thiopropanal S-oxide
2943:Tetrahydrocannabinol
2631:Allyl isothiocyanate
2179:Beau monde seasoning
1544:Limnophila aromatica
1113:Biomimicry Institute
965:(Beichner, p. 305f).
745:16 July 2011 at the
690:Protestant Christian
520:Christopher Columbus
492:Afonso V of Portugal
487:as "hot and moist".
437:pods at a market in
4417:Aframomum melegueta
4387:Aframomum melegueta
4205:Cannabigerolic acid
3967:Nordihydrocapsaicin
3928:(acidic conditions)
2303:Jamaican jerk spice
1925:Japanese pricklyash
1009:on 11 February 2007
938:The History of Food
813:The Prioress's Tale
710:Aframomum corrorima
697:hoodoo and rootwork
598:veterinary practice
584:alcoholic beverages
582:forbade its use in
525:Capsicum frutescens
508:Aframomum melegueta
485:The Boke of Nurture
461:routes through the
408:Aframomum melegueta
348:Aframomum melegueta
249:Aframomum melegueta
210:Aframomum melegueta
63:Aframomum melegueta
4168:Vernonia tweediana
3747:African blue basil
3719:Bisandrographolide
3305:Steviol glycosides
3258:Hydroxycitronellal
3004:Dehydroligustilide
2824:Angelica acutiloba
2738:Dehydroligustilide
2279:Herbes de Provence
1910:Grains of paradise
1773:Crushed red pepper
1487:Houttuynia cordata
1115:. 20 February 2012
982:on 3 December 2013
957:, was reported by
916:Daniel F. Austin,
569:(near present-day
447:
411:
314:Xylopia aethiopica
244:Grains of paradise
60:Grains of paradise
4814:
4813:
4618:Open Tree of Life
4379:Taxon identifiers
4370:
4369:
4348:
4347:
4280:Meclofenamic acid
4086:melegueta peppers
3957:Nonivamide (PAVA)
3693:melegueta peppers
3613:
3612:
3559:
3558:
3471:
3470:
3391:Meclofenamic acid
3314:Stevia rebaudiana
3174:
3173:
3136:Meclofenamic acid
3042:
3041:
2932:melegueta peppers
2905:Phenacyl chloride
2860:N-Methylmaleimide
2850:Methyl salicylate
2795:Hydrogen peroxide
2748:Diallyl disulfide
2610:melegueta peppers
2508:
2507:
2480:Chinese herbology
2358:Pumpkin pie spice
2338:Old Bay Seasoning
2298:Italian seasoning
2244:Five-spice powder
1546:(rice-paddy herb)
1389:Indian bay leaf (
1288:978-0-9719612-1-0
1263:978-1-4614-0835-2
1230:978-1-4614-0835-2
963:Herbal of Rufinus
883:graynys of parise
774:978-0-12-809286-6
692:practitioners of
476:Ménagier de Paris
241:
240:
192:A. melegueta
16:(Redirected from
4859:
4807:
4806:
4794:
4793:
4781:
4780:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4729:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4700:Amomum melegueta
4691:
4690:
4678:
4677:
4665:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4613:
4612:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4586:
4574:
4573:
4561:
4560:
4548:
4547:
4535:
4534:
4522:
4521:
4509:
4508:
4496:
4495:
4483:
4482:
4470:
4469:
4457:
4456:
4444:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4374:
4215:Cannabigerovarin
3947:N-Oleoyldopamine
3853:Euodia ruticarpa
3819:Dihydrocapsaicin
3626:
3622:
3572:
3568:
3484:
3480:
3228:Cooling Agent 10
3187:
3183:
3055:
3051:
2573:4-Hydroxynonenal
2563:
2559:
2544:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2289:
2096:Tasmanian pepper
2077:Sichuan pepper (
2032:Pomegranate seed
1846:Dill / Dill seed
1701:Brazilian pepper
1664:Alligator pepper
1418:garlic / Chinese
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1293:
1292:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1173:
1167:
1155:
1149:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1005:. Archived from
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
955:Cardamomum minus
951:Cardamomum maius
947:
941:
934:
928:
914:
905:
903:
897:
895:graynys of Perys
891:
889:graynis of parys
885:
874:
868:
867:
851:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
806:
791:
785:
784:
783:
781:
756:
750:
737:
694:African-American
668:In West African
641:
634:, and Norwegian
617:lowland gorillas
554:, Portugal, and
533:
517:
333:Basketo district
319:It is native to
294:alligator pepper
274:melegueta pepper
234:Amomum melegueta
212:
87:
86:
73:
57:
50:Malagueta pepper
21:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4802:
4797:
4789:
4784:
4776:
4771:
4763:
4758:
4750:
4745:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4694:
4686:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4660:
4655:
4647:
4642:
4634:
4629:
4621:
4616:
4608:
4605:Observation.org
4603:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4569:
4564:
4556:
4551:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4512:
4504:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4460:
4452:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4426:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4381:
4371:
4366:
4344:
4335:Tolfenamic acid
4255:Flufenamic acid
4151:
4058:Resiniferatoxin
4051:Ruta graveolens
3814:Diacyl glycerol
3609:
3593:
3555:
3551:
3531:
3517:
3467:
3453:Tolfenamic acid
3446:Ruta graveolens
3386:Flufenamic acid
3349:
3298:Ruta graveolens
3209:(intracellular)
3170:
3166:Tolfenamic acid
3121:Flufenamic acid
3099:
3075:Diacyl glycerol
3038:
2982:
2668:Cannabichromene
2578:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
2550:
2539:
2509:
2504:
2468:
2427:
2403:Tandoori masala
2150:
2027:Peruvian pepper
1915:Grains of Selim
1900:Aromatic ginger
1833:Bunium persicum
1640:
1341:
1338:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1156:
1152:
1142:Wayback Machine
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1058:; 4th ed., 1855
1054:
1047:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
948:
944:
935:
931:
915:
908:
875:
871:
853:
852:
845:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
792:
788:
779:
777:
775:
758:
757:
753:
747:Wayback Machine
738:
734:
730:
705:
666:
544:malagueta chili
443:São Tomé Island
428:
416:
355:perennial plant
345:
343:Characteristics
310:grains of Selim
219:
214:
208:
195:
81:
61:
53:
46:
39:Grains of Selim
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4795:
4782:
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4720:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4688:wfo-0000338092
4679:
4666:
4653:
4640:
4627:
4614:
4601:
4588:
4575:
4562:
4549:
4536:
4523:
4510:
4497:
4484:
4471:
4458:
4445:
4432:
4422:
4407:
4391:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4222:
4212:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4113:
4099:
4089:
4071:
4055:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4025:Dorrigo pepper
4018:
4004:
3997:Phorbol esters
3994:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3964:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3907:
3897:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3845:
3831:
3826:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3784:
3774:
3767:Cannabidivarin
3764:
3754:
3735:camphor laurel
3728:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3578:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3396:Mefenamic acid
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3318:
3302:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3089:St John's wort
3082:
3077:
3072:
3069:St John's wort
3061:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2917:
2914:Dorrigo pepper
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2835:Sichuan pepper
2828:
2812:
2807:
2805:Isothiocyanate
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2750:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2698:Cinnamaldehyde
2695:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2473:Related topics
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Mulling spices
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2209:Cinnamon sugar
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Voatsiperifery
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1826:Nigella sativa
1817:
1812:
1810:Coriander seed
1807:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
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1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
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1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
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1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
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1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1299:External links
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1269:
1262:
1236:
1229:
1203:
1184:(2): 223–228.
1168:
1150:
1126:
1096:
1073:
1060:
1045:
1038:
1020:
993:
967:
942:
929:
906:
869:
843:
817:
786:
773:
751:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
719:
714:
704:
701:
665:
662:
567:St. John River
496:Gulf of Guinea
490:In 1469, King
427:
424:
415:
412:
389:Essential oils
344:
341:
299:African pepper
239:
238:
237:
236:
228:
227:
221:
220:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
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125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
75:
74:
66:
65:
43:Ashanti pepper
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4864:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4351:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Ruthenium red
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Niflumic acid
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4163:α-Spinasterol
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3890:Homocapsaicin
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:wild bergamot
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3751:camphor basil
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3605:Ruthenium red
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3583:
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3500:
3497:
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3482:
3479:
3474:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Ruthenium red
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Niflumic acid
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:; indirectly)
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Frescolat MGA
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Niflumic acid
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
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3078:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3034:Ruthenium red
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
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2989:
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2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Methylglyoxal
2843:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
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2791:
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2786:
2783:
2780:
2776:
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2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:Cuminaldehyde
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2669:
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2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
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2607:
2603:
2599:
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2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
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2553:
2549:
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2536:
2531:
2529:
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2498:
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2414:
2411:
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2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Ras el hanout
2371:
2369:
2368:Quatre épices
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Khmeli suneli
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Garlic powder
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2189:Bouquet garni
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
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2075:
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2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
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2048:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Litsea cubeba
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Juniper berry
1928:
1926:
1923:
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1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
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1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Celery powder
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
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1579:
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1569:
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1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:Lemon verbena
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
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1501:
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1399:
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1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:
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1344:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1284:
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1273:
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1259:
1255:
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1237:
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1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1114:
1110:
1109:AskNature.org
1106:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:9788822263001
1035:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1008:
1004:
997:
994:
981:
977:
971:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
946:
943:
939:
933:
930:
927:
926:0-8493-2332-0
923:
919:
913:
911:
907:
902:
898:, and simply
896:
890:
884:
879:
873:
870:
866:(5): 392–397.
865:
861:
857:
850:
848:
844:
832:
828:
821:
818:
814:
810:
805:
800:
796:
790:
787:
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770:
766:
762:
755:
752:
748:
744:
741:
736:
733:
727:
723:
720:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
702:
700:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:folk medicine
663:
661:
659:
658:raw food diet
655:
654:
649:
645:
640:
639:
633:
629:
624:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
589:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Spice Islands
537:
532:
527:
526:
521:
516:
515:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:camel caravan
456:
452:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
423:
421:
413:
409:
406:The seeds of
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:
374:
372:
368:
365:develop into
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
306:
305:Guinea pepper
301:
300:
296:. The terms
295:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
278:Guinea grains
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Zingiberaceae
251:
250:
245:
235:
232:
231:
229:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:Zingiberaceae
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:Tracheophytes
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
58:
55:
51:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4699:
4386:
4355:
4354:
4195:Cannabigerol
4166:
4119:
4085:
4061:
4049:
4011:black pepper
3971:chili pepper
3904:chili pepper
3894:chili pepper
3885:Hepoxilin B3
3880:Hepoxilin A3
3851:
3823:chili pepper
3781:chili pepper
3722:
3692:
3585:
3444:
3371:Clotrimazole
3312:
3296:
3248:Frescolat ML
3156:Progesterone
3065:Adhyperforin
2978:WIN 55,212-2
2971:
2931:
2822:
2790:Hepoxilin B3
2785:Hepoxilin A3
2756:
2688:Cannabigerol
2609:
2353:Powder-douce
2343:Panch phoron
2313:Lemon pepper
2249:Garam masala
2239:Fines herbes
2219:Curry powder
2199:Chaat masala
2078:
2057:Sarsaparilla
2017:Onion powder
1965:Mango-ginger
1909:
1831:
1824:
1758:Chili powder
1543:
1533:Lemon myrtle
1490:
1486:
1441:
1440:Vietnamese (
1390:
1354:
1278:
1272:
1245:
1239:
1212:
1206:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1158:Brown, Alton
1153:
1145:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1108:
1099:
1088:
1076:
1068:
1067:Kup, Peter;
1063:
1055:
1029:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
1001:Thorn, Rob.
996:
984:. Retrieved
980:the original
970:
962:
954:
950:
945:
937:
932:
877:
872:
863:
859:
834:. Retrieved
830:
820:
798:
794:
789:
778:, retrieved
764:
754:
735:
722:Phytotherapy
708:
678:A. melegueta
677:
667:
651:
625:
614:
602:malt liquors
591:
563:A. melegueta
562:
560:
523:
507:
504:Fernão Gomes
489:
484:
474:
471:black pepper
455:North Africa
448:
435:A. melegueta
434:
417:
407:
397:
375:
347:
346:
335:of southern
325:Pepper Coast
318:
313:
303:
297:
288:
287:
282:
281:
277:
273:
270:black-pepper
248:
247:
243:
242:
233:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
158:Zingiberales
141:
128:
115:
102:
62:
54:
4527:iNaturalist
4411:Wikispecies
4330:Tivanisiran
4235:Capsazepine
4147:Zucapsaicin
4015:long pepper
3981:Pacific yew
3870:GSK1016790A
3757:Cannabidiol
3743:camphorweed
3431:RQ-00203078
3426:PF-05105679
3366:Capsazepine
3131:GSK2293017A
3095:Substance P
3080:GSK1702934A
3029:PF-04745637
2968:Umbellulone
2889:Pacific yew
2875:Oleocanthal
2854:wintergreen
2815:Ligustilide
2678:Cannabidiol
2643:horseradish
2452:Bangladeshi
2383:Sharena sol
2378:Recado rojo
2363:Qâlat daqqa
2323:Mixed spice
2259:Garlic salt
2224:Doubanjiang
1960:Long pepper
1920:Horseradish
1738:Celery seed
1611:Sanshō leaf
1528:Lemon grass
1013:24 December
986:24 December
959:Dioscurides
674:Efik people
644:Alton Brown
628:craft beers
481:four humors
385:(6)-paradol
321:West Africa
148:Commelinids
122:Angiosperms
4821:Categories
4636:kew-218399
4631:Plant List
4225:Cannabinol
4125:pooissonii
4116:Tinyatoxin
4067:pooissonii
4031:Probenecid
4021:Polygodial
3977:Paclitaxel
3961:PAVA spray
3848:Evodiamine
3799:pepperwort
3714:Anandamide
3681:α-Sanshool
3629:Activators
3582:Triptolide
3575:Activators
3487:Activators
3463:TRPM4-IN-5
3381:Elismetrep
3309:stevioside
3237:eucalyptus
3233:Eucalyptol
3197:ADP-ribose
3190:Activators
3126:GSK417651A
3085:Hyperforin
3058:Activators
2938:Tear gases
2910:Polygodial
2900:PF-4840154
2885:Paclitaxel
2753:Dicentrine
2663:Bradykinin
2598:α-Sanshool
2566:Activators
2548:modulators
2490:Marination
2485:Herbal tea
2447:Australian
2443:By region
2418:Yuzu koshō
2408:Thuna paha
2348:Persillade
2101:Tonka bean
2037:Poppy seed
1945:Dried lime
1868:Fingerroot
1783:New Mexico
1691:Asafoetida
1523:Lemon balm
1481:Hoja santa
1461:Curry leaf
1146:BioScience
860:BioScience
728:References
580:George III
556:Mozambique
383:, such as
357:native to
352:herbaceous
18:Maniguette
4837:Aframomum
4715:Q40087063
4584:117208334
4356:See also:
4340:TRPV3-74a
4325:SB-705498
4320:SB-366791
4270:Lanthanum
4265:HC-067047
4185:Asivatrep
4046:Rutamarin
3910:Incensole
3860:Gingerols
3829:Estradiol
3805:, others)
3787:Carvacrol
3777:Capsaicin
3671:13-oxoODE
3661:12S-HpETE
3641:5',6'-EET
3441:Rutamarin
3340:Thio-BCTC
3293:Rutamarin
3223:Coolact P
3014:HC-030031
2879:olive oil
2775:Gingerols
2588:12S-HpETE
2500:Spice rub
2495:Seasoning
2462:Pakistani
2293:Idli podi
2264:Gochujang
2214:Crab boil
2131:Yuzu zest
2062:Sassafras
1950:Liquorice
1856:Fenugreek
1793:Cultivars
1198:163651830
1163:Good Eats
682:Caribbean
653:Good Eats
578:reign of
552:Caribbean
531:malagueta
502:merchant
329:cash crop
217:K. Schum.
186:Species:
179:Aframomum
92:Kingdom:
4804:34500373
4799:Tropicos
4778:795591-1
4709:Wikidata
4675:34500351
4670:Tropicos
4558:11427943
4545:871877-1
4402:Q1503476
4396:Wikidata
4290:NGD-8243
4275:Mavatrep
4260:GRC-6211
4229:cannabis
4219:cannabis
4209:cannabis
4199:cannabis
4180:AMG-9810
4156:Blockers
4137:Vanillin
4132:Tramadol
4096:cannabis
4074:Shogaols
4007:Piperine
3771:cannabis
3761:cannabis
3739:rosemary
3656:12S-HETE
3651:9-oxoODE
3598:Blockers
3548:PI(4,5)P
3536:Blockers
3514:PI(3,5)P
3421:Ononetin
3406:Nicotine
3354:Blockers
3330:fructose
3322:tastants
3268:Linalool
3253:Geraniol
3213:CIM-0216
3104:Blockers
3019:Nicotine
2994:A-967079
2987:Blockers
2947:cannabis
2920:Shogaols
2865:Nicotine
2831:Linalool
2770:Formalin
2732:turmeric
2728:Curcumin
2702:cinnamon
2692:cannabis
2682:cannabis
2672:cannabis
2658:ASP-7663
2616:Acrolein
2439:Culinary
2413:Vadouvan
2388:Shichimi
2286:Húng lìu
2106:Turmeric
2091:Tamarind
1940:Korarima
1873:Galangal
1841:Deulkkae
1800:Cinnamon
1778:Jalapeño
1768:Chipotle
1716:Cardamom
1669:Allspice
1636:Woodruff
1626:Tarragon
1591:Rosemary
1556:Marjoram
1518:Lavender
1513:Kkaennip
1451:Culantro
1435:Bolivian
1384:Bay leaf
1356:Angelica
1138:Archived
1119:18 April
799:Speculum
743:Archived
703:See also
610:cordials
571:Buchanan
536:piquancy
393:cardamom
378:aromatic
337:Ethiopia
289:fom wisa
258:cardamom
225:Synonyms
164:Family:
135:Monocots
4847:Peppers
4752:7626048
4506:2758930
4480:1127012
4462:Ecocrop
4310:RN-9893
4305:RN-1734
4175:AMG-517
4141:vanilla
4110:oregano
4082:Sichuan
4060:(RTX) (
4036:Protons
3999:(e.g.,
3932:Menthol
3914:incense
3834:Eugenol
3791:oregano
3731:Camphor
3699:Allicin
3689:Sichuan
3676:20-HETE
3666:13-HODE
3509:ML2-SA1
3410:tobacco
3361:AMG-333
3334:sucrose
3326:glucose
3324:(e.g.,
3307:(e.g.,
3273:Menthol
3207:Calcium
3023:tobacco
2999:AM-0902
2928:Sichuan
2869:tobacco
2758:Lindera
2635:mustard
2621:Allicin
2606:Sichuan
2583:4,5-EET
2545:channel
2423:Za'atar
2318:Mitmita
2269:Harissa
2184:Berbere
2174:Baharat
2141:Zereshk
2136:Zedoary
2116:Vanilla
2079:huājiāo
2052:Saffron
2042:Radhuni
2022:Paprika
2007:Njangsa
2002:Nigella
1980:Mustard
1878:greater
1788:Tabasco
1763:Cayenne
1743:Charoli
1711:Caraway
1706:Camphor
1674:Amchoor
1586:Perilla
1581:Parsley
1576:Oregano
1571:Mitsuba
1566:Mugwort
1491:giấp cá
1471:Epazote
1442:rau răm
1408:Chervil
901:graynis
809:Chaucer
780:2 March
638:akvavit
414:Ecology
381:ketones
363:flowers
331:in the
266:pungent
174:Genus:
154:Order:
96:Plantae
4842:Spices
4723:APDB:
4644:PLANTS
4623:268114
4610:373374
4597:637930
4571:506501
4532:123714
4519:101012
4441:542586
4425:APDB:
4250:DHEA-S
4102:Thymol
4078:ginger
4001:4α-PDD
3864:ginger
3703:garlic
3685:ginger
3646:9-HODE
3543:ML-SI3
3504:ML-SA1
3499:MK6-83
3320:Sweet
3283:PMD 38
3263:Icilin
3116:DHEA-S
3008:celery
2924:ginger
2819:celery
2810:JT-010
2800:Icilin
2779:ginger
2742:celery
2647:wasabi
2639:radish
2625:garlic
2602:ginger
2457:Indian
2274:Hawaij
2229:Douchi
2204:Chaunk
2169:Advieh
2164:Adjika
2156:Blends
2126:Wasabi
2067:Sesame
2012:Nutmeg
1975:Mahleb
1970:Mastic
1905:Golpar
1895:Ginger
1890:Garlic
1883:lesser
1851:Fennel
1748:Chenpi
1728:Cassia
1659:Ajwain
1654:Aonori
1646:Spices
1621:Sorrel
1606:Savory
1551:Lovage
1498:Hyssop
1425:Cicely
1413:Chives
1403:Borage
1391:tejpat
1285:
1260:
1227:
1196:
1036:
924:
836:7 June
771:
686:Voodoo
608:, and
575:Harper
550:, the
548:Brazil
500:Lisbon
463:Sahara
359:swampy
350:is an
283:ossame
4739:66DMJ
4726:20217
4553:IRMNG
4493:AFRME
4454:65DL6
4428:20153
4240:DCDPC
4106:thyme
3842:clove
3838:basil
3795:thyme
3709:AM404
3636:2-APB
3522:SF-22
3494:EVP21
3478:TRPML
3376:DCDPC
3345:WS-12
3111:DCDPC
2962:onion
2839:thyme
2761:spp.)
2722:cumin
2653:AM404
2432:Lists
2398:Tajin
2393:Tabil
2234:Duqqa
2194:Buknu
2111:Uzazi
2086:Sumac
2072:Shiso
1995:white
1990:brown
1985:black
1935:Kokum
1820:Cumin
1815:Cubeb
1805:Clove
1753:Chili
1721:black
1679:Anise
1631:Thyme
1616:Shiso
1503:Jimbu
1456:Cress
1398:Boldo
1377:Lemon
1362:Basil
1347:Herbs
1194:S2CID
807:" of
804:greyn
573:) to
467:Pliny
371:seeds
286:, or
262:spice
142:Clade
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
4786:POWO
4773:IPNI
4765:2925
4760:GRIN
4747:GBIF
4657:POWO
4649:AFME
4592:NCBI
4579:IUCN
4566:ITIS
4540:IPNI
4514:GRIN
4501:GBIF
4488:EPPO
4467:2872
4436:BOLD
4245:DHEA
4190:BCTC
4084:and
4041:RhTx
3936:mint
3924:Low
3875:Heat
3809:DHEA
3691:and
3620:TRPV
3566:TRPP
3527:SN-2
3458:TPPO
3277:mint
3218:Cold
3202:BCTC
3181:TRPM
3161:Pyr3
3049:TRPC
2930:and
2608:and
2557:TRPA
2146:Zest
2047:Rose
1861:blue
1684:star
1601:Sage
1561:Mint
1476:Hemp
1466:Dill
1372:Thai
1367:Holy
1283:ISBN
1258:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1121:2012
1034:ISBN
1015:2006
988:2006
953:and
922:ISBN
838:2024
811:'s "
782:2021
769:ISBN
648:okra
632:gins
588:duty
514:real
453:and
451:West
426:Uses
367:pods
302:and
4734:CoL
4683:WFO
4475:EoL
4449:CoL
3311:) (
2543:TRP
1596:Rue
1250:doi
1217:doi
1186:doi
612:".
606:gin
498:to
316:).
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4438::
4413::
4398::
4361:•
4108:,
4080:,
4013:,
3926:pH
3840:,
3801:,
3797:,
3793:,
3749:,
3745:,
3741:,
3737:,
3687:,
3332:,
3328:,
2926:,
2837:,
2821:,
2645:,
2641:,
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2604:,
1256:.
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1180:.
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1111:.
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1087:.
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909:^
892:,
886:,
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862:.
858:.
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829:.
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4094:(
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