615:
592:
564:
829:
31:
4905:
40:
2821:
6360:
969:– it does not pick up water from the air until the humidity level is 98%. This makes mannitol very useful as a coating for hard candies, dried fruits, and chewing gums, and it is often included as an ingredient in candies and chewing gum. The pleasant taste and mouthfeel of mannitol also makes it a popular
1280:
is even cheaper, and is shown to have dramatically greater results than traditional extraction. It requires only 4.01 g (0.141 oz) water per 1 g (0.035 oz) of olive leaf, and gives a yield of 76.75% mannitol. Both super- and subcritical extractions are cheaper, faster, purer, and
859:. While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment. In treatment-resistant cases, hypertonic saline works better. Intra-arterial infusions of mannitol can transiently open the
1205:
in mannitol production. When food-grade strains of any of the aforementioned microorganisms are used, the mannitol and the organism itself are directly applicable to food products, avoiding the need for careful separation of microorganism and mannitol crystals. Although this is a promising method,
1308:
The three studies that originally found high-dose mannitol effective in treating severe head injury were the subject of an investigation. Published in 2007 after the lead author Dr Julio Cruz's death, the investigation questioned whether the studies had actually taken place. The co-authors of the
1264:
than normal fluids. This is considered to make them much more effective mass transfer agents than normal liquids. The super- or subcritical fluid is pumped through the natural product, and the mostly mannitol product is easily separated from the solvent and minute amount of byproduct.
1195:) can produce yields 200 g (7.1 oz) mannitol per liter of feedstock. Further research is being conducted, studying ways to engineer even more efficient mannitol pathways in lactic acid bacteria, as well as the use of other microorganisms such as
1023:
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol with "50-70 percent of the relative sweetness of sugar, which means more must be used to equal the sweetness of sugar. Mannitol lingers in the intestines for a long time and therefore often causes bloating and diarrhea."
964:
than most sugar alcohols, its comparatively low solubility reduces the cooling effect usually found in mint candies and gums. However, when mannitol is completely dissolved in a product, it induces a strong cooling effect. Also, it has a very low
1309:
paper were not able to confirm the existence of the study patients, and the
Federal University of São Paulo, which Cruz gave as his affiliation, had never employed him. As a result of doubt surrounding Cruz's work, an updated version of the
1214:
Since mannitol is found in a wide variety of natural products, including almost all plants, it can be directly extracted from natural products, rather than chemical or biological syntheses. In fact, in China, isolation from
2586:
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K (September 2002). "Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of mannitol for intraparenchymal temporal lobe hemorrhages with abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial".
2630:
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K, Facco E (March 2004). "Successful use of the new high-dose mannitol treatment in patients with
Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 and bilateral abnormal pupillary widening: a randomized trial".
5405:
1171:, labeled heterofermentive because of their multiple fermentation pathways, convert either three fructose molecules or two fructose and one glucose molecule into two mannitol molecules, and one molecule each of
1300:. He determined the place of the double bond in hexene obtained from mannitol and proved that it is a derivative of a normal hexene. This also solved the structure of mannitol, which was unknown until then.
1901:
Gu J, Huang H, Huang Y, Sun H, Xu H (June 2019). "Hypertonic saline or mannitol for treating elevated intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
2543:
Cruz J, Minoja G, Okuchi K (October 2001). "Improving clinical outcomes from acute subdural hematomas with the emergency preoperative administration of high doses of mannitol: a randomized trial".
2091:
Stickland MK, Rowe BH, Spooner CH, Vandermeer B, Dryden DM (September 2011). "Accuracy of eucapnic hyperpnea or mannitol to diagnose exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a systematic review".
1281:
more environmentally friendly than the traditional extraction. However, the required high operating temperatures and pressures are causes for hesitancy in the industrial use of this technique.
1155:
Mannitol is one of the most abundant energy and carbon storage molecules in nature, produced by a plethora of organisms, including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae, lichens, and many plants.
1313:
excludes all studies by Julio Cruz, leaving only four studies. Due to differences in selection of control groups, a conclusion about the clinical use of mannitol has not been reached.
885:
Intraoperative mannitol prior to vessel clamp release during renal transplant has been shown to reduce post-transplant kidney injury, but has not been shown to reduce graft rejection.
6415:
5398:
2877:
6420:
5785:
1119:(common table sugar). Although starch is a cheaper source than sucrose, the transformation of starch is much more complicated. Eventually, it yields a syrup containing about 42%
165:
2290:
5289:
1135:, which contains about 50% fructose. In both cases, the syrups are chromatographically purified to contain 90–95% fructose. The fructose is then hydrogenated over a nickel
5391:
910:. The presence of mannitol preserves renal function during the times of low blood flow and pressure, while the patient is on bypass. The solution prevents the swelling of
1040:, pre-existing severe pulmonary vascular congestion or pulmonary edema, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.
73:
678:
692:
2036:
5778:
1862:
1272:
extraction of olive leaves has been shown to require less solvent per measure of leaf than a traditional extraction – 141.7 g (5.00 oz) CO
921:) while it passes through the venous system. Because the mannitol dissolves readily in blood, the sharp point becomes exposed at its destination.
1512:
Text was copied from this source which is copyright
European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
6314:
2516:
2425:
Inić S, Kujundzić N (September 2011). "The first independent pharmacognosy institute in the world and its founder Julije Domac (1853-1928)".
805:
2780:
5771:
1383:
855:
Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, e.g., after
1766:
1433:
4941:
1542:
1363:
2853:
2148:
1846:
4856:
4656:
2229:
1819:
1760:
1673:
1583:
1536:
1378:
1252:
from the extract, generally resulting in yields of about 18% of the original natural product. Another method of extraction is using
712:
2286:
1887:
899:
has been proposed. A 2013 systematic review concluded evidence to support its use for this purpose at this time is insufficient.
1466:
4885:
2716:
767:
348:
235:
91:
2178:
1936:
Rapoport SI (April 2000). "Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier: principles, mechanism, and therapeutic applications".
2077:
6130:
4751:
3845:
3788:
1706:
1249:
6350:
871:
471:
985:. This increases the acid strength of the boric acid, permitting better precision in volumetric analysis of this acid.
770:. Medically, it is given by injection or inhalation. Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.
6380:
6331:
3151:
3023:
2264:
571:
110:
6410:
6400:
5251:
4861:
4160:
3091:
3086:
2748:
1332:
1017:
1260:
fluids. These fluids are at such a stage that no difference exists between the liquid and gas stages, so are more
4880:
4871:
4851:
3081:
2040:
1780:
1651:
1561:
1499:
4205:
1373:
932:
and, therefore, lowers the intraocular pressure. However, it requires an intact blood-ocular barrier to work.
817:
5931:
1981:"Modeling hyperosmotic blood-brain barrier opening within human tissue-engineered in vitro brain microvessels"
860:
845:
for the reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intraocular pressure.
6405:
6319:
6074:
6070:
5857:
5853:
5721:
5451:
4934:
4736:
4102:
1005:
896:
147:
610:
5868:
5246:
5105:
4919:
4741:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3126:
3076:
3071:
2846:
1368:
1358:
1327:
1310:
907:
856:
5456:
4267:
3810:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3496:
3486:
3480:
2454:
Sitzungsberichte der
Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe
1405:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1276:
versus 194.4 g (6.86 oz) ethanol per 1 g (0.035 oz) olive leaf. Heated, pressurized,
6395:
5825:
5072:
4776:
4165:
3825:
3815:
3548:
3538:
3506:
3501:
3491:
1322:
842:
4252:
3703:
3543:
3475:
3464:
828:
5747:
2127:
Veterinary Class Notes, Ophthalmology, The Ohio State
University, provided by David Wilkie, DVM, DACVO
917:
Mannitol can also be used to temporarily encapsulate a sharp object (such as a helix on a lead for an
540:
6016:
5485:
4866:
3533:
3163:
3136:
2825:
2056:"Sugar alcohols: XXII. Metabolism and toxicity studies with mannitol and sorbitol in man and animals"
1404:
1168:
1132:
918:
914:
in the kidney, which may have otherwise reduced blood flow to this area and resulted in cell damage.
875:
774:
314:
4506:
4247:
3409:
1159:
by microorganisms is an alternative to the traditional industrial synthesis. A fructose to mannitol
895:
The use of mannitol, when inhaled, as a bronchial irritant as an alternative method of diagnosis of
6385:
6161:
6035:
5849:
5701:
5696:
5681:
5651:
5590:
5519:
5461:
5446:
5256:
5193:
5183:
5153:
5143:
4890:
4242:
4185:
4147:
3820:
3805:
3783:
3131:
3043:
2943:
2862:
1253:
1156:
801:
587:
386:
158:
5383:
4511:
4501:
3398:
2355:
Ghoreishi SM, Shahrestani RG (2009). "Innovative strategies for engineering mannitol production".
6390:
5706:
5661:
5656:
5615:
5283:
5163:
5034:
4986:
4927:
4804:
4785:
4661:
4277:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
3862:
3728:
3194:
3033:
2925:
2892:
2791:
2612:
2568:
2492:
2407:
2332:
2018:
1961:
1345:
1188:
1048:
994:
903:
121:
1167:), and it is highly possible that other microorganisms employ similar such pathways. A class of
1071:
group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature,
928:
in veterinary medicine. It is administered as a 20% solution intravenously. It dehydrates the
2221:
2214:
1495:
5991:
5840:
5820:
5737:
5726:
5716:
5676:
5671:
5610:
5271:
5168:
5148:
5004:
4908:
4839:
4760:
4272:
3875:
3854:
3830:
3778:
3773:
3676:
3656:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3116:
3048:
2984:
2917:
2912:
2839:
2697:
2648:
2604:
2560:
2434:
2399:
2324:
2307:
Song SH, Vieille C (August 2009). "Recent advances in the biological production of mannitol".
2225:
2174:
2144:
2108:
2010:
1953:
1918:
1842:
1836:
1815:
1809:
1756:
1750:
1669:
1633:
1579:
1532:
1277:
1160:
520:
249:
52:
1526:
6236:
6095:
6041:
5883:
5686:
5414:
5309:
5120:
5067:
4309:
4257:
4200:
4027:
3974:
3870:
3768:
3671:
3641:
3621:
3611:
3469:
3121:
2687:
2679:
2640:
2596:
2552:
2525:
2484:
2391:
2364:
2316:
2100:
2067:
2000:
1992:
1945:
1910:
1788:
1659:
1623:
1615:
1569:
961:
949:
911:
794:
627:
283:
480:
6364:
6196:
5903:
5888:
5872:
5815:
5807:
5666:
5600:
5555:
5203:
5178:
5158:
5029:
5024:
4844:
4813:
4746:
4713:
4666:
4651:
4319:
4013:
4008:
3969:
3693:
3661:
3626:
3176:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3038:
3003:
2902:
864:
849:
786:
460:
301:
291:
614:
591:
395:
6325:
6046:
6021:
5911:
5794:
5691:
5605:
5570:
5509:
5347:
5198:
5019:
4968:
4875:
4790:
4646:
4195:
4155:
3840:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3458:
3420:
3403:
3387:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3171:
3066:
2956:
2692:
2667:
2005:
1980:
1628:
1603:
1297:
1269:
1180:
966:
945:
929:
809:
563:
2072:
852:(CF) in adults aged 18 years and above as an add-on therapy to best standard of care.
758:
and medication. It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the
6374:
6286:
6271:
6191:
6110:
6090:
6080:
6056:
5926:
5878:
5711:
5580:
5560:
5436:
5087:
5052:
4829:
4728:
4287:
4262:
4234:
4177:
4000:
3948:
3835:
3763:
3758:
3596:
3431:
3425:
3414:
3354:
3348:
3337:
3028:
2976:
2951:
2600:
2556:
2411:
2022:
1108:
1084:
1072:
1001:
782:
751:
603:
261:
5763:
2723:
2616:
2572:
2496:
2336:
1965:
1163:, known as the mannitol cycle in fungi, has been discovered in a type of red algae (
30:
6206:
6201:
6181:
6151:
6115:
5941:
5863:
5798:
5731:
5514:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5418:
5357:
5342:
4959:
4718:
4094:
3753:
3321:
3146:
1619:
1289:
1044:
1020:) in ratio 1:10 is labeled and sold as "China white", a popular heroin substitute.
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
892:
in oral doses larger than 20 g, and is sometimes sold as a laxative for children.
1219:
is the most common form of mannitol production. Mannitol concentrations of plant
420:
6281:
6246:
6156:
6146:
6105:
6066:
6026:
5971:
5845:
5575:
5524:
5495:
5352:
5337:
5314:
5110:
4834:
4698:
4545:
4137:
4132:
4127:
3918:
3392:
3315:
3309:
2683:
2644:
2055:
1702:
1257:
1176:
1172:
1037:
957:
778:
154:
83:
39:
2368:
2104:
1979:
Linville RM, DeStefano JG, Sklar MB, Chu C, Walczak P, Searson PC (July 2020).
6291:
6276:
6256:
6251:
6241:
6231:
6221:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6125:
6051:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5921:
5585:
5565:
5529:
5504:
5481:
5372:
5304:
5009:
4795:
4780:
4708:
4703:
4608:
4409:
4339:
4215:
4037:
3938:
3748:
3743:
3713:
3708:
3666:
3381:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3199:
2933:
2907:
2887:
2320:
1949:
1914:
1224:
982:
759:
654:
451:
2529:
1996:
6266:
6216:
6211:
6120:
6100:
5981:
5893:
5539:
5367:
5362:
5319:
5299:
5294:
5226:
5138:
5133:
5077:
4999:
4994:
4955:
4603:
4593:
4575:
4429:
4220:
4075:
3928:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3718:
3698:
3303:
3275:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3204:
2260:
1261:
1184:
970:
790:
755:
720:
InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1
327:
77:
2701:
2652:
2608:
2564:
2438:
2403:
2328:
2112:
2014:
1957:
1922:
1785:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1637:
1187:
syrups containing medium to large concentrations of fructose (for example,
2820:
2395:
797:
family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes.
6296:
6261:
6226:
6186:
6085:
5976:
5936:
5916:
5835:
5742:
5625:
5595:
5279:
5261:
5236:
5208:
5187:
5128:
5097:
5062:
5057:
5044:
4976:
4951:
4682:
4598:
4570:
4555:
4550:
4491:
4486:
4470:
4399:
4359:
4349:
4329:
4065:
4041:
4023:
3990:
3898:
3234:
3015:
2989:
1353:
1248:
to steam and then hydrolysis of the crude material. The mannitol is then
1245:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1120:
1096:
1068:
1064:
1013:
953:
925:
889:
816:
due to its supposed resemblance to the
Biblical food. Mannitol is on the
763:
559:
551:
431:
105:
22:
2755:
1793:
1528:
Sweeteners: Nutritional
Aspects, Applications, and Production Technology
440:
6031:
5830:
5630:
5620:
5441:
5231:
5014:
4799:
4560:
4540:
4496:
4452:
4379:
4369:
4210:
4190:
4051:
3908:
3239:
3186:
3141:
3058:
2964:
2897:
2488:
1664:
1574:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1201:
1192:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1092:
1088:
1067:, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the
1009:
941:
406:
762:. As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in
6061:
6005:
5752:
4808:
4626:
4419:
3651:
1293:
1112:
1060:
1033:
531:
332:
2511:
2472:
1206:
steps are needed to scale it up to industrially needed quantities.
500:
6000:
5966:
5427:
5218:
5082:
4565:
1196:
879:
848:
In the
European Union, mannitol is indicated for the treatment of
827:
820:'s banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs.
813:
677:
668:
511:
306:
1556:
1554:
1552:
491:
270:
5767:
5387:
4923:
2835:
2037:"Select Committee on GRAS Substances (SCOGS) Opinion: Mannitol"
255:
100:
5241:
1412:
878:, to increase the elimination of certain toxins, and to treat
1143:
and mannitol. Yield is typically 50%:50%, although slightly
576:
2831:
1147:
reaction conditions can slightly increase mannitol yields.
132:
2512:"II. Ueber die Einwirkung der Unterchlorsäure auf Hexylen"
1728:
1602:
Wakai A, McCabe A, Roberts I, Schierhout G (August 2013).
940:
Mannitol increases blood glucose to a lesser extent than
924:
Mannitol is also the first drug of choice to treat acute
1797:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
244:
1729:"BRONCHITOL® (mannitol) inhalation powder Patient Site"
806:
737:
2249:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Butterworths. p. 194.
2169:
Kearsley MW, Deis RC (2006). "Sorbitol and Mannitol".
6348:
2715:
British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat (2009).
1705:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
552:
2171:
Sweeteners and Sugar Alternatives in Food Technology
997:, a bacterial growth medium, and is used in others.
902:
Mannitol is commonly used in the circuit prime of a
6139:
5999:
5990:
5902:
5806:
5644:
5548:
5494:
5426:
5330:
5270:
5217:
5119:
5096:
5043:
4985:
4967:
4822:
4769:
4727:
4691:
4675:
4639:
4617:
4584:
4531:
4524:
4479:
4461:
4443:
4295:
4286:
4229:
4174:
4146:
4093:
3999:
3983:
3962:
3891:
3884:
3796:
3685:
3515:
3440:
3363:
3285:
3216:
3185:
3057:
3014:
3002:
2975:
2942:
2876:
2869:
2382:Wagner H, Flachsbarth H, Vogel G (March 1981). "".
781:. Other serious side effects may include worsening
666:
653:
626:
621:
602:
570:
550:
530:
510:
490:
470:
450:
430:
405:
385:
339:
326:
313:
300:
290:
282:
234:
229:
164:
146:
120:
90:
72:
61:
51:
46:
2213:
2350:
2348:
2346:
1863:"THE 2017 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD"
1490:
1488:
2164:
2162:
2160:
1755:. Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy. p. 360.
419:
2452:Domac J (1881). "Über das Hexylen aus Mannit".
1744:
1742:
1654:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.).
1564:(2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.).
1520:
1518:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
394:
6416:World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances
2192:
2190:
6421:World Health Organization essential medicines
5779:
5399:
4935:
2847:
2666:Roberts I, Smith R, Evans S (February 2007).
2201:. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. pp. 219–225.
1985:Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
1525:Varzakas T, Labropoulos A, Anestis S (2012).
1223:can range from 20% in seaweeds to 90% in the
1091:) by reduction. Other sugar alcohols include
1004:in various drugs that are used intranasally (
773:Common side effects from medical use include
8:
2302:
2300:
1597:
1595:
1236:Traditionally, mannitol is extracted by the
981:Mannitol can be used to form a complex with
109:
21:
1608:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1604:"Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury"
1087:; that is, it can be derived from a sugar (
1032:Mannitol is contraindicated in people with
800:The discovery of mannitol is attributed to
5996:
5786:
5772:
5764:
5406:
5392:
5384:
4942:
4928:
4920:
4528:
4292:
3888:
3011:
2873:
2854:
2840:
2832:
2754:(Fifteenth ed.). 2006. Archived from
2093:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1658:. World Health Organization. p. 332.
1568:. World Health Organization. p. 332.
613:
590:
562:
459:
38:
29:
2691:
2071:
2004:
1841:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 411.
1814:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 160.
1792:
1663:
1627:
1573:
1111:of fructose, which is formed from either
870:It may also be used for certain cases of
832:Mannitol 15% solution for intravenous use
479:
1752:Kremers and Urdang's History of Pharmacy
1467:"Osmitrol- mannitol injection, solution"
6355:
2357:Trends in Food Science & Technology
2080:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1835:Bardal S, Waechter J, Martin D (2010).
1769:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1545:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1396:
1227:. It is a constituent of saw palmetto (
1131:. Sucrose is simply hydrolyzed into an
717:
697:
586:
439:
353:
5154:Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
2309:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
2267:from the original on 27 September 2016
1434:"Regulatory Decision Summary - Aridol"
1107:Mannitol is commonly produced via the
993:Mannitol is the primary ingredient of
604:
20:
2173:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 249–261.
2039:. FDA.gov. April 2013. Archived from
1787:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
539:
519:
82:
7:
4001:Polyhydric alcohols (sugar alcohols)
1811:Cottrell and Patel's Neuroanesthesia
1384:Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
872:kidney failure with low urine output
217:
207:
197:
187:
177:
1938:Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
1364:Mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
499:
410:
2517:Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie
841:In the United States, mannitol is
808:. It was originally made from the
789:. It is unclear if use is safe in
14:
4657:2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol
2668:"Doubts over head injury studies"
2220:. Taylor & Francis. pp.
1749:Kremers E, Sonnedecker G (1986).
960:. Although mannitol has a higher
6358:
4904:
4903:
2819:
2601:10.1097/00006123-200209000-00006
2557:10.1097/00006123-200110000-00016
2212:Weiner ML, Kotkoskie LA (1999).
1709:from the original on 26 May 2015
1379:Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
1047:and volume depletion leading to
638:
4886:Nucleophilic conjugate addition
2595:(3): 628–37, discussion 637–8.
2287:"Eat Any Sugar Alcohol Lately?"
2247:Quantitative Inorganic Analysis
1191:, containing 55% fructose: 45%
768:increased intracranial pressure
725:Key:FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N
68:-Mannitol, mannite, manna sugar
1888:"Mannitol (Intravenous Route)"
1620:10.1002/14651858.CD001049.pub5
944:(thus having a relatively low
644:
632:
1:
5652:Peritoneal dialysis solutions
4857:Fischer–Speier esterification
3789:Propylene glycol methyl ether
2473:"Über das Hexylen aus Mannit"
2245:Belcher R, Nutten AJ (1960).
2216:Excipient Toxicity and Safety
2073:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)72829-9
1808:Cottrell JE, Patel P (2016).
1531:. CRC Press. pp. 59–60.
2054:Ellis FW, Krantz JC (1941).
1292:elucidated the structure of
1083:Mannitol is classified as a
1012:. A mixture of mannitol and
888:Mannitol acts as an osmotic
57:Osmitrol, Bronchitol, others
5795:Cough and cold preparations
5549:Irrigating solutions (B05C)
5430:and related products (B05A)
3024:4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
2684:10.1136/bmj.39118.480023.BE
2645:10.3171/jns.2004.100.3.0376
1296:and mannitol obtained from
6437:
5252:Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate
4862:Williamson ether synthesis
4161:2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol
3092:2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol
3087:2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol
2369:10.1016/j.tifs.2009.03.006
2105:10.1016/j.anai.2011.06.013
1333:United States Pharmacopeia
1139:into a mixture of isomers
622:Chemical and physical data
377:)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
6309:
5417:and perfusion solutions (
4899:
4881:Friedel-Crafts alkylation
4872:Nucleophilic substitution
4852:Nucleophilic substitution
3082:2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol
2321:10.1007/s00253-009-2086-5
1915:10.1007/s10143-018-0991-8
1868:. January 2017. p. 5
1781:World Health Organization
1652:World Health Organization
1562:World Health Organization
1500:European Medicines Agency
733:
708:
688:
344:
37:
28:
5932:Dembrexine hydrochloride
4950:Drugs for constipation (
4103:2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol
3159:-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2749:"Japanese Pharmacopoeia"
2530:10.1002/jlac.18822130107
2143:. Springer. p. 66.
1997:10.1177/0271678X19867980
1656:WHO Model Formulary 2008
1566:WHO Model Formulary 2008
1502:(EMA). 17 September 2018
1374:Mannitol 2-dehydrogenase
1043:Adverse effects include
818:World Anti-Doping Agency
5722:Sodium glycerophosphate
4737:1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol
2633:Journal of Neurosurgery
1950:10.1023/a:1007049806660
897:exercise-induced asthma
5864:Hederae helicis folium
5452:Hemoglobin crosfumaril
5045:Bulk-forming laxatives
4742:2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
3127:Aminoethylethanolamine
3077:2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
3072:2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
2790:. 2008. Archived from
2477:Monatshefte für Chemie
2141:Advances in Sweeteners
1369:Mannitol-1-phosphatase
1359:Mannitol dehydrogenase
1328:Japanese Pharmacopoeia
1000:Mannitol is used as a
973:for chewable tablets.
908:cardiopulmonary bypass
833:
804:in 1806. It is on the
5826:Antimony pentasulfide
5073:Polycarbophil calcium
4166:3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
2396:10.1055/s-2007-971711
1323:British Pharmacopoeia
1165:Caloglossa leprieurii
831:
793:. Mannitol is in the
6017:Acetyldihydrocodeine
5520:Protein hydrolysates
5486:umbilical cord blood
5247:Sodium laurilsulfate
4867:Elimination reaction
3569:1-Heptatetracontanol
3559:1-Pentatetracontanol
3554:1-Tetratetracontanol
3461:(melissyl / myricyl)
3428:(cluytyl / montanyl)
3137:Dimethylethanolamine
2828:at Wikimedia Commons
2781:"Mannitol Injection"
1903:Neurosurgical Review
1838:Applied Pharmacology
1169:lactic acid bacteria
1103:Industrial synthesis
977:Analytical chemistry
919:artificial pacemaker
775:electrolyte problems
6162:Bibenzonium bromide
5702:Magnesium phosphate
5682:Potassium phosphate
5645:Others (B05D, B05X)
5591:Ethacridine lactate
5462:Hydroxyethyl starch
5457:Hemoglobin raffimer
5184:Polyethylene glycol
5144:Magnesium carbonate
5098:Lubricant laxatives
4987:Stimulant laxatives
4891:Transesterification
4268:Palmitoleyl alcohol
4243:3-Methyl-3-pentanol
4186:Cetostearyl alcohol
4123:3-Methylbutan-2-ol
4118:3-Methylbutan-1-ol
4113:2-Methylbutan-2-ol
4108:2-Methylbutan-1-ol
3892:Monohydric alcohols
3821:3-Methyl-3-pentanol
3811:2-Methylheptan-2-ol
3806:2-Methyl-2-pentanol
3579:1-Nonatetracontanol
3574:1-Octatetracontanol
3564:1-Hexatetracontanol
3497:1-Heptatriacontanol
3487:1-Pentatriacontanol
3481:1-Tetratriacontanol
3167:-Methylethanolamine
3132:Diethylethanolamine
3044:Methylazoxymethanol
2961:Methanol poisoning
2043:on 22 October 2014.
876:pressure in the eye
861:blood–brain barrier
802:Joseph Louis Proust
25:
6381:E-number additives
6336:Never to phase III
5992:Cough suppressants
5707:Magnesium chloride
5662:Sodium bicarbonate
5657:Potassium chloride
5616:Sodium bicarbonate
5284:Oxycodone/naloxone
5272:Opioid antagonists
5164:Magnesium peroxide
5035:Sodium picosulfate
4786:Carbonyl reduction
4662:Diethylpropanediol
4278:tert-Butyl alcohol
3984:Trihydric alcohols
3826:3-Methyloctan-3-ol
3816:2-Methylhexan-2-ol
3729:3-Methyl-2-butanol
3549:1-Tritetracontanol
3539:1-Hentetracontanol
3507:1-Nonatriacontanol
3502:1-Octatriacontanol
3492:1-Hexatriacontanol
3340:(cetyl / palmityl)
3195:2-Methyl-1-butanol
3034:Cyclohexylmethanol
2893:2-Methyl-1-butanol
2489:10.1007/BF01516516
2139:Grenby TH (2011).
1473:. 15 November 2018
1240:extraction, using
1210:Natural extraction
1189:cashew apple juice
1133:invert sugar syrup
1049:metabolic acidosis
995:mannitol salt agar
948:) so is used as a
904:heart lung machine
834:
6411:Sugar substitutes
6401:Osmotic diuretics
6346:
6345:
6305:
6304:
5841:Guaiacolsulfonate
5821:Ammonium chloride
5761:
5760:
5738:Potassium acetate
5727:Potassium lactate
5717:Hydrochloric acid
5677:Magnesium sulfate
5672:Ammonium chloride
5611:Magnesium citrate
5415:Blood substitutes
5381:
5380:
5169:Magnesium sulfate
5149:Magnesium citrate
5121:Osmotic laxatives
4917:
4916:
4840:Alcohol oxidation
4761:Trifluoromethanol
4635:
4634:
4520:
4519:
4273:tert-Amyl alcohol
4253:Linolenyl alcohol
4148:Aromatic alcohols
4089:
4088:
3963:Dihydric alcohols
3876:Triphenylmethanol
3831:Diacetone alcohol
3779:Pinacolyl alcohol
3704:2-Deoxyerythritol
3677:Veratrole alcohol
3657:Propargyl alcohol
3647:Phenethyl alcohol
3637:Nicotinyl alcohol
3632:Neopentyl alcohol
3587:
3586:
3544:1-Dotetracontanol
3476:1-Tritriacontanol
3465:1-Hentriacontanol
3117:2-Mercaptoethanol
3049:Trifluoromethanol
2998:
2997:
2985:Isopropyl alcohol
2913:Phenethyl alcohol
2878:Alcohols found in
2824:Media related to
2678:(7590): 392–394.
2263:. December 2005.
2197:Lawson P (2007).
1496:"Bronchitol EPAR"
1440:. 23 October 2014
1349:-mannitol oxidase
1317:Compendial status
1278:subcritical water
1161:metabolic pathway
1028:Contraindications
912:endothelial cells
745:
744:
679:Interactive image
572:CompTox Dashboard
560:(thickeners, ...)
358:
274:
259:
247:
136:
103:
16:Chemical compound
6428:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6354:
6237:Levodropropizine
6096:Levopropoxyphene
6042:Dextromethorphan
5997:
5884:Potassium iodide
5788:
5781:
5774:
5765:
5748:Alanyl glutamine
5697:Sodium phosphate
5687:Calcium chloride
5498:solutions (B05B)
5408:
5401:
5394:
5385:
5310:Methylnaltrexone
5257:Sodium phosphate
5194:Sodium phosphate
5030:Senna glycosides
4944:
4937:
4930:
4921:
4907:
4906:
4529:
4525:Terpene alcohols
4310:Methylene glycol
4293:
4258:Linoleyl alcohol
4201:Myristyl alcohol
4028:Propylene glycol
3975:Propylene glycol
3889:
3871:Triphenylethanol
3784:Pirkle's alcohol
3769:Diphenylmethanol
3672:Vanillyl alcohol
3642:Perillyl alcohol
3622:Furfuryl alcohol
3612:Cinnamyl alcohol
3470:1-Dotriacontanol
3122:2-Methoxyethanol
3012:
2880:alcoholic drinks
2874:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2833:
2823:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:on 11 April 2009
2728:
2722:. Archived from
2721:
2717:"Index, BP 2009"
2712:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2510:Domac J (1882).
2507:
2501:
2500:
2471:Domac J (1881).
2468:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2363:(6–7): 263–270.
2352:
2341:
2340:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2289:. Archived from
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2166:
2155:
2154:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2099:(3): 229–34.e8.
2088:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2008:
1991:(7): 1517–1532.
1976:
1970:
1969:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1631:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1522:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1409:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1401:
1348:
1018:fentanyl analogs
962:heat of solution
952:for people with
795:osmotic diuretic
741:
740:
700:O((O)CO)(O)(O)CO
681:
661:
646:
640:
634:
617:
606:
595:
594:
580:
578:
566:
554:
543:
523:
503:
483:
463:
443:
423:
413:
412:
398:
356:
318:
272:
269:
264:
257:
254:
246:
243:
221:
211:
201:
191:
181:
134:
131:
113:
102:
99:
86:
67:
42:
33:
26:
24:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6371:
6370:
6369:
6359:
6357:
6349:
6347:
6342:
6341:
6326:Clinical trials
6301:
6197:Diphenhydramine
6135:
6010:and derivatives
6009:
6004:
5986:
5898:
5873:Syrup of ipecac
5802:
5792:
5762:
5757:
5667:Sodium chloride
5640:
5601:Sodium chloride
5556:Cetylpyridinium
5544:
5510:Lipid emulsions
5490:
5422:
5412:
5382:
5377:
5326:
5266:
5213:
5204:Sodium tartrate
5179:Pentaerythritol
5159:Magnesium oxide
5115:
5106:Liquid paraffin
5092:
5068:Methylcellulose
5039:
5025:Phenolphthalein
4981:
4969:Stool softeners
4963:
4948:
4918:
4913:
4895:
4845:Glycol cleavage
4818:
4814:Ziegler process
4765:
4747:2-Fluoroethanol
4723:
4687:
4671:
4667:Ethylene glycol
4652:1,5-Pentanediol
4631:
4619:
4613:
4586:
4580:
4533:
4516:
4480:Glycylglycitols
4475:
4463:
4457:
4445:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4415:
4405:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4320:Ethylene glycol
4315:
4303:
4299:
4282:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4176:
4170:
4142:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4057:
4047:
4033:
4019:
4014:Ethylene glycol
4009:Pentaerythritol
3995:
3979:
3970:Ethylene glycol
3958:
3954:
3944:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3904:
3885:Hydric alcohols
3880:
3798:
3792:
3694:1-Phenylethanol
3687:
3681:
3662:Salicyl alcohol
3627:Isoamyl alcohol
3583:
3534:1-Tetracontanol
3527:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3181:
3177:Tribromoethanol
3112:2-Fluoroethanol
3107:2-Ethoxyethanol
3102:2-Chloroethanol
3097:2-Butoxyethanol
3053:
3039:Methoxymethanol
3005:
2994:
2971:
2944:Medical alcohol
2938:
2903:Isoamyl alcohol
2879:
2865:
2860:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2761:on 22 July 2011
2758:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2354:
2353:
2344:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2293:on 4 July 2024.
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2168:
2167:
2158:
2151:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1683:
1676:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1614:(8): CD001049.
1601:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1560:
1559:
1550:
1539:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1346:
1341:
1319:
1311:Cochrane review
1306:
1287:
1275:
1212:
1153:
1105:
1081:
1059:Mannitol is an
1057:
1030:
991:
979:
938:
865:tight junctions
850:cystic fibrosis
839:
826:
787:kidney problems
766:, and to lower
736:
734:
729:
726:
721:
716:
715:
704:
701:
696:
695:
684:
659:
649:
643:
637:
598:
574:
546:
526:
506:
486:
466:
446:
426:
409:
401:
381:
378:
360:
352:
351:
316:
292:Bioavailability
284:Pharmacokinetic
278:
262:
225:
149:
142:
123:
116:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6434:
6432:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6406:Sugar alcohols
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6367:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6047:Dihydrocodeine
6044:
6039:
6029:
6024:
6022:Benzylmorphine
6019:
6013:
6011:
5994:
5988:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5912:Acetylcysteine
5908:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5866:
5861:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5768:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5692:Sodium acetate
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5606:Sodium citrate
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:Sulfamethizole
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5447:Gelatin agents
5444:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5424:
5423:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5388:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5348:Oxyphenisatine
5345:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5287:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5199:Sodium sulfate
5196:
5191:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5020:Oxyphenisatine
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4924:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4876:carbonyl group
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4791:Ether cleavage
4788:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4756:-butyl alcohol
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4729:Fluoroalcohols
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4647:1,4-Butanediol
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4507:Maltotetraitol
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4403:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4288:Sugar alcohols
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:Erucyl alcohol
4245:
4239:
4237:
4235:fatty alcohols
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4196:Lauryl alcohol
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4178:fatty alcohols
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4156:Benzyl alcohol
4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3866:-Butyl alcohol
3860:
3852:
3850:-butyl alcohol
3843:
3841:Methylpentynol
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3617:Crotyl alcohol
3614:
3609:
3607:Benzyl alcohol
3604:
3602:Anisyl alcohol
3599:
3594:
3592:2-Ethylhexanol
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3516:Straight-chain
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3462:
3459:1-Triacontanol
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3441:Straight-chain
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:1-Heptacosanol
3418:
3412:
3410:1-Pentacosanol
3407:
3404:1-Tetracosanol
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:1-Heneicosanol
3385:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3364:Straight-chain
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:1-Heptadecanol
3341:
3335:
3333:1-Pentadecanol
3330:
3327:1-Tetradecanol
3324:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3286:Straight-chain
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3217:Straight-chain
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3172:Phenoxyethanol
3169:
3161:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:1-Aminoethanol
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2977:Toxic alcohols
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2959:
2957:Methylpentynol
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2929:-Butyl alcohol
2923:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2870:By consumption
2867:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2815:
2814:External links
2812:
2809:
2808:
2797:on 6 July 2010
2772:
2740:
2707:
2658:
2639:(3): 376–383.
2622:
2578:
2551:(4): 864–871.
2535:
2502:
2463:
2444:
2433:(9): 720–726.
2417:
2390:(3): 252–258.
2374:
2342:
2296:
2278:
2261:"Cut the Shit"
2252:
2237:
2230:
2204:
2186:
2179:
2156:
2150:978-1461285229
2149:
2131:
2118:
2083:
2046:
2028:
1971:
1944:(2): 217–230.
1928:
1909:(2): 499–509.
1893:
1890:. Mayo Clinic.
1879:
1854:
1848:978-1437735789
1847:
1827:
1820:
1800:
1772:
1761:
1738:
1733:bronchitol.com
1720:
1681:
1674:
1643:
1591:
1584:
1548:
1537:
1514:
1484:
1451:
1425:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1305:
1302:
1286:
1283:
1273:
1270:carbon dioxide
1268:Supercritical
1250:recrystallized
1211:
1208:
1181:carbon dioxide
1152:
1149:
1104:
1101:
1080:
1077:
1073:melting points
1056:
1053:
1029:
1026:
990:
987:
978:
975:
967:hygroscopicity
946:glycemic index
937:
934:
930:vitreous humor
880:fluid build up
863:by disrupting
838:
835:
825:
822:
743:
742:
731:
730:
728:
727:
724:
722:
719:
711:
710:
709:
706:
705:
703:
702:
699:
691:
690:
689:
686:
685:
683:
682:
674:
672:
664:
663:
657:
651:
650:
647:
641:
635:
630:
624:
623:
619:
618:
608:
600:
599:
597:
596:
583:
581:
568:
567:
556:
548:
547:
545:
544:
536:
534:
528:
527:
525:
524:
516:
514:
508:
507:
505:
504:
496:
494:
488:
487:
485:
484:
476:
474:
468:
467:
465:
464:
456:
454:
448:
447:
445:
444:
436:
434:
428:
427:
425:
424:
416:
414:
403:
402:
400:
399:
391:
389:
383:
382:
380:
379:
355:
347:
346:
345:
342:
341:
337:
336:
330:
324:
323:
320:
311:
310:
304:
298:
297:
294:
288:
287:
280:
279:
277:
276:
267:
252:
240:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
224:
223:
170:
168:
162:
161:
152:
150:administration
144:
143:
141:
140:
138:
128:
126:
118:
117:
115:
114:
96:
94:
88:
87:
80:
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6433:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6366:
6356:
6352:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6287:Prenoxdiazine
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6272:Pentoxyverine
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6192:Dimethoxanate
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6111:Nicodicodeine
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Levomethadone
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6081:Hydromorphone
6079:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6057:Ethylmorphine
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5927:Carbocisteine
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Levoverbenone
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5777:
5775:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5712:Zinc chloride
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Mandelic acid
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5561:Chlorhexidine
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:Carbohydrates
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:Serum albumin
5435:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5409:
5404:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5088:Syrup of figs
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5053:Dietary fiber
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Deprotonation
4828:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4585:Sesquiterpene
4583:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4442:
4431:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4411:
4408:
4401:
4398:
4391:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4371:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4331:
4328:
4321:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Oleyl alcohol
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4095:Amyl alcohols
4092:
4077:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3950:
3949:Cetyl alcohol
3947:
3940:
3937:
3930:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:-Amyl alcohol
3857:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Ethchlorvynol
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:alcohols (3°)
3795:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Cyclopropanol
3762:
3760:
3759:Cyclopentanol
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3688:alcohols (2°)
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Allyl alcohol
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3439:
3433:
3432:1-Nonacosanol
3430:
3427:
3426:1-Octacosanol
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:1-Hexacosanol
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3355:1-Nonadecanol
3353:
3350:
3349:1-Octadecanol
3347:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3338:1-Hexadecanol
3336:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Aminomethanol
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3001:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Ethchlorvynol
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:-Amyl alcohol
2920:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2520:(in German).
2519:
2518:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:(in German).
2478:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2456:(in German).
2455:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:(in German).
2428:
2427:Die Pharmazie
2421:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:Planta Medica
2378:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2231:9780824782108
2227:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:J. Biol. Chem
2057:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1821:9780323461122
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1762:9780931292170
1758:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1734:
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1724:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1696:
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1690:
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1677:
1675:9789241547659
1671:
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1613:
1609:
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1598:
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1587:
1585:9789241547659
1581:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1538:9781439876732
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1438:Health Canada
1435:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1298:Caspian manna
1295:
1291:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:supercritical
1251:
1247:
1244:, water, and
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:hydrogenation
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:sugar alcohol
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:cutting agent
998:
996:
988:
986:
984:
976:
974:
972:
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
935:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
886:
883:
881:
877:
874:, decreasing
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
846:
844:
836:
830:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
810:flowering ash
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:heart failure
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:sugar alcohol
750:is a type of
749:
739:
732:
723:
718:
714:
707:
698:
694:
687:
680:
676:
675:
673:
670:
665:
658:
656:
652:
631:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
609:
607:
605:ECHA InfoCard
601:
593:
589:
588:DTXSID1023235
585:
584:
582:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
555:
549:
542:
538:
537:
535:
533:
529:
522:
518:
517:
515:
513:
509:
502:
498:
497:
495:
493:
489:
482:
478:
477:
475:
473:
469:
462:
458:
457:
455:
453:
449:
442:
438:
437:
435:
433:
429:
422:
418:
417:
415:
408:
404:
397:
393:
392:
390:
388:
384:
376:
372:
368:
364:
354:
350:
343:
338:
334:
331:
329:
325:
321:
319:
312:
308:
305:
303:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
275: Rx-only
268:
265:
253:
251:
242:
241:
239:
237:
233:
228:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
172:
171:
169:
167:
163:
160:
156:
153:
151:
145:
139:
130:
129:
127:
125:
119:
112:
107:
98:
97:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
6396:Nephrotoxins
6207:Droxypropine
6202:Dropropizine
6182:Cloperastine
6152:Benproperine
6116:Normethadone
6075:+homatropine
6071:+guaifenesin
6036:+guaifenesin
5961:
5942:Dornase alfa
5858:+oxomemazine
5854:+hydrocodone
5808:Expectorants
5732:Cardioplegia
5635:
5534:
5525:Electrolytes
5477:Blood plasma
5472:Thrombocytes
5467:Erythrocytes
5358:Prucalopride
5343:Lubiprostone
5173:
4777:Substitution
4770:Preparations
4753:
4719:Stigmasterol
4714:β-Sitosterol
4512:Polyglycitol
4502:Maltotriitol
4462:Cyclic sugar
4389:
4230:Branched and
4138:Pentan-3-ol
4133:Pentan-2-ol
4128:Pentan-1-ol
4061:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3754:Cyclohexanol
3406:(lignoceryl)
3399:1-Tricosanol
3322:1-Tridecanol
3278:(pelargonic)
3205:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3147:Ethanolamine
2926:
2918:
2799:. Retrieved
2792:the original
2787:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2756:the original
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2710:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2592:
2589:Neurosurgery
2588:
2581:
2548:
2545:Neurosurgery
2544:
2538:
2521:
2515:
2505:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2460:: 1038–1051.
2457:
2453:
2447:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2360:
2356:
2315:(1): 55–62.
2312:
2308:
2291:the original
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2240:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2170:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2041:the original
2031:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1857:
1837:
1830:
1810:
1803:
1794:10665/325771
1784:
1775:
1751:
1732:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1655:
1646:
1611:
1607:
1565:
1527:
1504:. Retrieved
1475:. Retrieved
1470:
1442:. Retrieved
1437:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1307:
1290:Julije Domac
1288:
1267:
1235:
1228:
1213:
1200:
1164:
1157:Fermentation
1154:
1151:Biosyntheses
1106:
1082:
1075:, and uses.
1058:
1045:hyponatremia
1042:
1031:
1022:
999:
992:
980:
958:chewing gums
939:
923:
916:
901:
894:
887:
884:
869:
854:
847:
840:
837:Medical uses
799:
772:
747:
746:
735:
374:
370:
366:
362:
315:Elimination
309:, negligible
236:Legal status
230:Legal status
92:License data
18:
6322:from market
6282:Piperidione
6247:Moguisteine
6157:Benzonatate
6147:Alloclamide
6106:Nicocodeine
6067:Hydrocodone
6027:Butorphanol
5972:Neltenexine
5869:Ipecacuanha
5846:Guaifenesin
5816:Althea root
5576:Taurolidine
5505:Amino acids
5496:Intravenous
5353:Plecanatide
5338:Linaclotide
5315:Naldemedine
5111:Mineral oil
4835:Protonation
4752:Nonafluoro-
4699:Cholesterol
4676:Trialcohols
4546:Citronellol
4532:Monoterpene
4444:Deoxy sugar
4232:unsaturated
3919:Isopropanol
3846:Nonafluoro-
3774:Isopropanol
3393:1-Docosanol
3384:(arachidyl)
3316:1-Dodecanol
3310:1-Undecanol
2524:: 124–132.
2483:: 309–322.
2271:4 September
2066:: 147–154.
1665:10665/44053
1575:10665/44053
1304:Controversy
1258:subcritical
1177:acetic acid
1173:lactic acid
1038:hypovolemia
1008:), such as
857:head trauma
812:and called
779:dehydration
662: g·mol
611:100.000.647
521:CHEBI:16899
340:Identifiers
322:100 minutes
155:Intravenous
62:Other names
53:Trade names
6386:Excipients
6375:Categories
6292:Tipepidine
6277:Pipazetate
6257:Nepinalone
6252:Morclofone
6242:Meprotixol
6232:Isoaminile
6222:Gefapixant
6177:Clofedanol
6172:Clobutinol
6167:Butamirate
6126:Pholcodine
6052:Dimemorfan
6003:alkaloids,
5957:Letosteine
5952:Erdosteine
5947:Eprazinone
5922:Bromhexine
5904:Mucolytics
5586:Noxytiolin
5566:Nitrofural
5530:Trometamol
5482:Stem cells
5373:Ulimorelin
5305:Bevenopran
5010:Castor oil
4956:cathartics
4796:Hydrolysis
4781:haloalkane
4709:Lanosterol
4704:Ergosterol
4640:Dialcohols
4609:Patchoulol
4410:Galactitol
4340:Erythritol
4216:Tridecanol
4038:Erythritol
3939:1-Pentanol
3749:3-Pentanol
3744:2-Pentanol
3714:3-Heptanol
3709:2-Heptanol
3667:Tryptophol
3472:(lacceryl)
3382:1-Icosanol
3329:(myristyl)
3312:(hendecyl)
3265:1-Heptanol
3255:1-Pentanol
3245:1-Propanol
3200:Isobutanol
2934:Tryptophol
2908:Isobutanol
2888:1-Propanol
2801:31 January
2765:31 January
2733:31 January
2180:0470659688
1703:"Mannitol"
1506:28 October
1477:28 October
1418:22 October
1391:References
1225:plane tree
1079:Production
983:boric acid
760:intestines
754:used as a
667:3D model (
655:Molar mass
481:3OWL53L36A
452:ChemSpider
387:CAS Number
349:IUPAC name
302:Metabolism
6391:Glycerols
6332:Phase III
6320:Withdrawn
6267:Oxolamine
6217:Fominoben
6212:Fedrilate
6121:Noscapine
6101:Methadone
5982:Stepronin
5894:Tyloxapol
5734:solutions
5540:Carbamide
5368:Tenapanor
5363:Tegaserod
5320:Naloxegol
5300:Axelopran
5295:Alvimopan
5227:Bisacodyl
5139:Laminarid
5134:Lactulose
5078:Sterculia
5063:Ispaghula
5000:Bisoxatin
4995:Bisacodyl
4952:laxatives
4823:Reactions
4805:Hydration
4618:Diterpene
4604:Nerolidol
4594:Bisabolol
4576:Terpineol
4430:Volemitol
4221:Undecanol
4175:Saturated
4076:Volemitol
3929:1-Butanol
3739:2-Octanol
3734:2-Nonanol
3724:3-Hexanol
3719:2-Hexanol
3699:2-Butanol
3686:Secondary
3518:saturated
3443:saturated
3395:(behenyl)
3366:saturated
3351:(stearyl)
3304:1-Decanol
3288:saturated
3276:1-Nonanol
3270:1-Octanol
3260:1-Hexanol
3250:1-Butanol
3219:saturated
2412:260249165
2023:199507024
1713:8 January
1262:diffusive
1185:Feedstock
1127:, and 6%
1055:Chemistry
1036:, severe
971:excipient
956:, and in
950:sweetener
843:indicated
791:pregnancy
756:sweetener
541:ChEMBL689
359:-Mannitol
328:Excretion
317:half-life
148:Routes of
122:Pregnancy
84:Monograph
78:Drugs.com
6365:Medicine
6297:Zipeprol
6262:Oxeladin
6227:Glaucine
6187:Dibunate
6131:Thebacon
6086:Laudanum
5977:Sobrerol
5962:Mannitol
5937:Domiodol
5917:Ambroxol
5850:+codeine
5836:Creosote
5743:Arginine
5636:Mannitol
5626:Sorbitol
5596:Neomycin
5535:Mannitol
5280:Naloxone
5262:Sorbitol
5237:Glycerol
5209:Sorbitol
5188:macrogol
5174:Mannitol
5129:Lactitol
5083:Triticum
5058:Ethulose
4977:Docusate
4909:Category
4683:Glycerol
4620:alcohols
4599:Farnesol
4587:alcohols
4571:Rhodinol
4556:Linalool
4551:Geraniol
4534:alcohols
4492:Lactitol
4487:Maltitol
4471:Inositol
4464:alcohols
4446:alcohols
4400:Sorbitol
4390:Mannitol
4360:Arabitol
4350:Threitol
4330:Glycerol
4066:Sorbitol
4062:Mannitol
4042:Threitol
4024:Glycerol
3991:Glycerol
3899:Methanol
3797:Tertiary
3483:(geddyl)
3318:(lauryl)
3306:(capric)
3272:(capryl)
3235:Methanol
3208:-Butanol
3016:Methanol
3006:alcohols
2990:Methanol
2863:Alcohols
2826:Mannitol
2702:17322250
2653:15035271
2617:20678448
2609:12188940
2573:43880412
2565:11564247
2497:94940823
2439:22026131
2404:17401849
2337:42103028
2329:19578847
2265:Archived
2199:Mannitol
2113:21875541
2078:Archived
2015:31394959
1966:20258642
1958:10696511
1923:29905883
1783:(2019).
1767:Archived
1707:Archived
1638:23918314
1543:Archived
1471:DailyMed
1354:E number
1339:See also
1246:methanol
1221:exudates
1145:alkaline
1141:sorbitol
1137:catalyst
1121:fructose
1097:sorbitol
1069:hydroxyl
1065:sorbitol
1014:fentanyl
954:diabetes
926:glaucoma
890:laxative
764:glaucoma
748:Mannitol
738:(verify)
553:E number
432:DrugBank
166:ATC code
159:By mouth
137: B2
124:category
111:Mannitol
106:DailyMed
23:Mannitol
6032:Codeine
6006:opioids
5831:Cineole
5631:Glycine
5621:Glucose
5442:Dextran
5290:PAMORAs
5232:Dantron
5015:Dantron
5005:Cascara
4800:epoxide
4692:Sterols
4561:Menthol
4541:Borneol
4497:Isomalt
4453:Fucitol
4380:Xylitol
4370:Ribitol
4211:Octanol
4206:Nonanol
4191:Decanol
4052:Xylitol
3909:Ethanol
3417:(ceryl)
3240:Ethanol
3187:Butanol
3142:Ethanol
3059:Ethanol
3004:Primary
2965:Ethanol
2898:Ethanol
2693:1804156
2006:7308510
1629:7050611
1285:History
1242:ethanol
1238:Soxhlet
1230:Serenoa
1217:seaweed
1202:E. coli
1193:glucose
1129:maltose
1125:glucose
1117:sucrose
1093:xylitol
1089:mannose
1010:cocaine
1006:snorted
942:sucrose
906:during
660:182.172
628:Formula
441:DB00742
407:PubChem
396:69-65-8
266:Rx-only
263:WARNING
248::
216: (
214:V04CX04
206: (
204:R05CB16
196: (
194:B05CX04
186: (
184:B05BC01
182:)
176: (
174:A06AD16
108::
6351:Portal
6315:WHO-EM
6062:Heroin
5889:Senega
5753:Lysine
5331:Others
5219:Enemas
4809:alkene
4627:Phytol
4420:Iditol
3652:Prenol
2788:USP 32
2700:
2690:
2651:
2615:
2607:
2571:
2563:
2495:
2437:
2410:
2402:
2335:
2327:
2228:
2177:
2147:
2111:
2021:
2013:
2003:
1964:
1956:
1921:
1872:7 July
1845:
1818:
1759:
1672:
1636:
1626:
1582:
1535:
1444:7 June
1294:hexene
1179:, and
1123:, 52%
1113:starch
1061:isomer
1034:anuria
693:SMILES
532:ChEMBL
501:D00062
333:Kidney
260:
250:℞-only
104:
6140:Other
6001:Opium
5967:Mesna
5484:from
5428:Blood
4566:Nerol
2795:(PDF)
2784:(PDF)
2759:(PDF)
2752:(PDF)
2727:(PDF)
2720:(PDF)
2613:S2CID
2569:S2CID
2493:S2CID
2408:S2CID
2333:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1962:S2CID
1866:(PDF)
1197:yeast
989:Other
814:manna
713:InChI
669:JSmol
558:E421
512:ChEBI
335:: 90%
307:Liver
4954:and
4754:tert
3864:tert
3856:tert
3848:tert
3008:(1°)
2927:tert
2919:tert
2803:2010
2767:2010
2735:2010
2698:PMID
2649:PMID
2605:PMID
2561:PMID
2435:PMID
2400:PMID
2325:PMID
2273:2017
2226:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2109:PMID
2011:PMID
1954:PMID
1919:PMID
1874:2018
1843:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1715:2015
1670:ISBN
1634:PMID
1612:2013
1580:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1508:2020
1479:2020
1446:2022
1420:2023
1256:and
1199:and
1095:and
1016:(or
936:Food
824:Uses
785:and
777:and
492:KEGG
472:UNII
461:6015
421:6251
286:data
74:AHFS
5799:R05
5419:B05
5242:Oil
4960:A06
4958:) (
4874:of
4807:of
4798:of
4779:of
4300:— C
3524:— C
3449:— C
3372:— C
3294:— C
3225:— C
2688:PMC
2680:doi
2676:334
2672:BMJ
2641:doi
2637:100
2597:doi
2553:doi
2526:doi
2522:213
2485:doi
2392:doi
2365:doi
2317:doi
2222:370
2101:doi
2097:107
2068:doi
2064:141
2001:PMC
1993:doi
1946:doi
1911:doi
1789:hdl
1660:hdl
1624:PMC
1616:doi
1570:hdl
1413:FDA
1233:).
1115:or
1063:of
577:EPA
411:CID
296:~7%
219:WHO
209:WHO
199:WHO
189:WHO
179:WHO
6377::
6328::
6073:,
5856:,
5852:,
4432:(C
4422:(C
4412:(C
4402:(C
4392:(C
4382:(C
4372:(C
4362:(C
4352:(C
4342:(C
4332:(C
4322:(C
4312:(C
4078:(C
4068:(C
4064:,
4054:(C
4044:(C
4040:,
4030:(C
4026:,
4016:(C
3953:16
3951:(C
3941:(C
3931:(C
3921:(C
3911:(C
3901:(C
3526:49
3522:40
3451:39
3447:30
3374:29
3370:20
3296:19
3292:10
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2076:.
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2058:.
2017:.
2009:.
1999:.
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1987:.
1983:.
1960:.
1952:.
1942:20
1940:.
1917:.
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1765:.
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867:.
642:14
373:,5
369:,4
365:,3
361:(2
271:EU
256:US
245:CA
212:)
202:)
192:)
157:,
133:AU
101:US
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6077:)
6069:(
6038:)
6034:(
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5875:)
5871:(
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3913:2
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3903:1
3520:C
3445:C
3368:C
3290:C
3227:9
3223:1
3221:C
3206:n
3165:N
3157:N
3155:,
3153:N
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357:D
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66:d
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