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1046:, as musical director. Fuentes along with Vargas were instrumental in the standardization of much of mariachi music, arranging traditional songs and writing new ones that would be performed by many of the legendary performers of the mid-20th century, such as Pedro Infante, Miguel Aceves Mejía, Lola Beltrán and José Alfredo Jiménez. Mariachi Vargas still remains, tracing its history in terms of generations, starting in the 1890s, with these generations maintaining the group's authenticity as a mariachi while the music has evolved. The last Vargas associated with the group died in 1985. That the group still considers itself the original group comes from the notion of passing on the music by generations of musicians, as the original
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1354:. Much of the published mariachi music is meant for people already familiar with the music to serve as guides, not for novices. On the other hand, many schools have problems recruiting mariachi instructors as many of these do not have required teaching credentials. For this reason, schools often hire trained musicians from outside the mariachi tradition. Many traditional mariachis are concerned that standardization will lead to the genre becoming rule-bound and so restrict improvisation.
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1248:. This prompted the creation of other student organizations in other parts of California and then in Texas, where the first mariachi festival was held in 1979. Since then, a strong synergy between academic programs and mariachi festivals has developed, which feature students and give mariachi classes and workshops. This festival led to excitement in the Texas board of education, and soon Zeke Castro, a many award winning educator, was hired to teach mariachi.
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930:, which also provides rhythm. Sometimes a Mexican folk harp provides bass and ornaments the melody. All are Mexican variations of European instruments. There is generally no lead singer as in other kinds of groups, with all players singing choruses and taking turns singing the lead. Often the lead singer is assigned to a certain song due to voice qualities. Mariachi vocalization shows influences from a number of styles such as
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942:(an aggressive style) and more. Voices must be strong to be heard over amplified instruments. Vocal style emphasizes operatic qualities, and instrumental performance demonstrates a level of virtuosity that reflects advanced musical training. Historically, mariachi groups have been made up of men, but there is growing acceptance of female mariachis.
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coming from the machismo ideology. To embrace their own machismo form, these female groups would use their femininity and beauty to find success, singing songs about independence, life, heart, and the suffrage movement. These female groups adopted the same traje de charro attire that the men but added long skirts and removed the sombreros.
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in front of the plaza to flag down passing cars. In 2010, the government renovated the plaza to make it more tourist-friendly, adding new paving, gardens, police, security cameras, painted facades, and a museum dedicated to mariachi and tequila. Although mariachis can be hired in Mexico City over the
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in the 1860s, related to the music's appearance at weddings. This was a common explanation on record jackets and travel brochures but was disproven with the appearance of documents that showed that the word existed before this invasion: in 1981, a letter written by
Catholic priest Cosme Santa Ana to
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Many of the traditional sounds of Cocula were lost as mariachi groups incorporated other musical styles that were popular on the radio. New influences have come into the tradition from the
Mexican American community in the United States. In both countries, however, the learning of traditional pieces
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The traje de charro outfit is widely considered to be one of the two major changes that occurred during the Golden Age, the other being the introduction of trumpets. The traje de charro outfit was also used in the national
Orquestra Típica Mexicana ("Mexican Typical Orchestra"), organized in 1884 by
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In the 1940s, the first all-female mariachi band created itself, directed by
Carlota Noriega, with many more to follow in their path, primarily from the United States. These women-led mariachis or musicians faced misogyny for taking on a style of music that was considered to be male-dominated space
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and modern mariachi comes from the modification of the music. By the end of the nineteenth century, the
European art music tradition was firmly transplanted to Mexico, with opera, salon music, waltzes, and more written and performed both by Europeans and Mexicans in the country. One variety was the
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peoples learned to play and make these instruments, often giving them modified shapes and tunings. In addition to instruments, the
Spanish introduced the concept of musical groups—which, in the colonial period, generally consisted of two violins, a harp, and various guitars. These groups were based
1259:, but they have spread across the southwest and into other parts of the United States, especially since the 1990s. There are at least 500 schools offering classes along with local and state competitions. In some US schools, mariachi ensembles have replaced school bands. Professional groups such as
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in 1959. He played in many mariachi groups backing singers but felt mariachi could stand alone. In 1969 he opened a restaurant called La Fonda in Los
Angeles, which featured his group, Los Camperos, as part of a dinner show. The success of this enterprise, and of Los Camperos in general,
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The common perception of the music and look of mariachi developed in the 20th century, as the music was transformed from a regional rural folk music to an urban phenomenon that came to represent Mexico. The music was first introduced to Mexico City in 1905. During this time, many farm workers
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The distinction of mariachi from the older son jalisciense occurred slowly sometime during the 19th century. The music originated in the center-west of Mexico. Most claims for its origin lie in the state of
Jalisco but neighboring states of Colima, Nayarit, and Michoacán have also claimed it.
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During this time, the
Mexican government was heavily involved in cultural promotion as a way to create a unified Mexican identity after the end of the Mexican Revolution. One of these efforts was the promotion of mariachi as an international symbol of Mexican identity, first with radio and sound
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had to let workers go, including mariachis. Groups began to wander and play for a fee, which obliged them to incorporate other music into their repertoires, including waltzes and polkas. It also required them to play in public venues. From the late 19th century to the 1930s, mariachi groups were
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The educational movement is controversial with some trained in the traditional manner, who are skeptical about these programs and their potential to change the tradition. The changes, especially standardization of publishing, are slowly impacting mariachi in Mexico. One difficulty of arranging
659:. Curti's Orquestra Típica Mexicana has been called the "predecessor of the mariachi bands". Traje de charro is heavily inspired by cowboys and features very symbolic sombreros, tight fitting pants, ruffled shirts, and jackets with heavy embroidery and embellishments throughout all the pieces.
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860:. Their appearance in many films, backing many singing stars, and their hiring of formal musicians prompted other mariachis to do the same. The group also expanded, adding trumpets, violins and even a classical guitar to become a kind of orchestra, keeping the traditional
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In areas with large
Mexican-American populations, mariachis are hired for events outside this ethnic group as well. Outside of schools, the most important venue for the music in the United States is mariachi festivals, with the longest-running festivals in Tucson and
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As mariachi groups are expected to play requests, they may need to know hundreds of songs. Most songs are about machismo, love, betrayal, death, politics, revolutionary heroes and even animals and country life from the genre's origins as rural
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phone or on the internet, many people still prefer to come to the plaza, hear the musicians and haggle over the price. About 2,500 mariachis hold union cards to work in the plaza, but as many as 4,000 may circulate through on a busy weekend.
1275:. The Tucson International Mariachi Conference began in 1982 and showcases over 500 elementary, middle, and high schools and college mariachi players. The Las Vegas International Mariachi Festival, established in 1991, is televised on
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In Mexico City, the center of mariachi music remains Garibaldi Plaza. Mariachi musicians fill the plaza to solicit gigs, from individual songs for passers-by to being hired for events such as weddings and baptisms. They even stand on
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However, these films also promoted a negative perception of mariachi music. During the early 20th century, mariachi was seen as lower class, and belonging in bars. Films from this period associated the charros and mariachi music with
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The main characters used his ability to sing mariachi as a way to show strength, virility, and aesthetic beauty. Its use in film also made the music popular and a symbol of ethnic pride for Mexican Americans in the United States.
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The size of a mariachi group varies depending on the availability of musicians. The usual mariachi group today consists of as many as eight violins, two trumpets and at least one guitar. Traditional mariachi guitars include the
969:. A serenade in the Mexican culture is used to profess your love or show admiration for a person. Mariachis are most widely known to serenade during birthday celebrations. One of the most common pieces played by mariachis is "
803:, charros were no longer economically necessary but were used as a cultural ideal, especially by the film industry in the mid-20th century. The first charro movies date from the 1920s, but the first to sing mariachi was
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In 1976, the first United States founded all-women mariachi group was Las Generalas. They made sure to keep their image clean by not drinking or playing late at night in order to make the American public respect mariachi.
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Ballet folklórico is a dance that is not directly linked to mariachi, but they are often performed on stage together. They both involve highly gendered performances, elaborate costumes, and invite audience participation.
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The International Mariachi Festival in Guadalajara is an annual ten-day event that attracts more than 500 mariachis, who perform in concert halls and city streets. Past performers include Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán,
2211:"Programa de Cómputo para la Enseñanza: Cultura y Vida Cotidiana: 1900-1920, Historia de México II Primera Unidad: Crisis del Porfiriato y México Revolucionario 1900-1920, La música y el teatro popular de 1900 a 1920"
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738:. These mariachi musicians developed new practices, such as performances in plazas and restaurants. However, it also continued its more traditional venues such as serenades, and performances at major family events.
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the archbishop was discovered in the archives of a church, where he complains about the noise as well as the drinking and gambling antics of the "mariachis" and dated in 1852, long before the French occupation.
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by mariachi musicians. The musical style began to take on national prominence in the first half of the 20th century, with its promotion at presidential inaugurations and on the radio in the 1920s. In 2011,
753:, which began broadcasting mariachi music as a media production, rather than as a music for social events. This music was already being modified in part due to the advent of sound recording. For example, most
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The most distant reference documented are more than 100 certificates of baptisms, burials and marriages in which the Mariachi ranch appears, between 1832 and 1850. It was located near the river Santiago, in
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The origin of the word is disputed, but prominent theories attribute it to deep roots. One states that it comes from the name of the wood used to make the dance platform. Another states that
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recorded "Canciones de Mi Padre" and "Más Canciones" with Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán and others, which helped promote its popularity among Mexican Americans and to non-Mexican Americans.
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Mariachi music and musicians became more professional with more formal training starting in the late 1940s and early 1950s, principally due to the success of a major mariachi by the name of
577:. Early mariachi players did not look like those of today; they played only string instruments such as guitars and harps and dressed in typical peasant clothing: white pants and shirts with
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de Las Heras-Fernández, Rosa; Padilla Martín-Caro, Víctor; Espada, María; de la Cruz, Zulema (2022-09-29). "Rhythmic Precision in Zapateado Flamenco: The Influence of Teaching Methods".
1042:. They appeared in over 200 films in the 20th century. Silvestre Vargas took over Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán from his father in 1958 and soon after hired a trained musician,
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Clark, Jonathan. 1994. "Introduction." Cuarteto Coculense: The Very First Recordings 1908-1909 (Sones Abajeños), produced by Chris Strachwitz. El Cerrito: Arhoolie Records, CD7036.
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In Mexico, mariachi music can also be found as part of Catholic Mass. The Misa panamericana is a mariachi folk mass sung in Spanish with new arrangements of classic hymns such as "
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Salazar, Lauryn C. 2011. "From fiesta to festival. Mariachi music in California and the Southwestern United States." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
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songs were longer than the standard three-and-a-half minutes of the then-standard 78 rpm record, forcing the shortening of tunes. Around the same time, the popularity of
545:, which mostly replaced the native instruments. The Europeans introduced their instruments to use during Mass, but they were quickly adapted to secular events. Indigenous and
984:. Mariachi mass grew because it was heavily involved in community, and was spurred onwards by the Chicano movement, spreading from Mexico to the United States and onwards.
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Vamanu, Iulian (January 2022). "'Our ancestors passed this down to us for a reason': information practices of ballet folklorico dancers in Mexican-American communities".
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Henriques, Donald A. 2006. "Performing Nationalism: Mariachi, Media and the Transformation of a Tradition (1920-1942)." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
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Nochistlán (sequential participatory music) allows an interactive music listening experience where audience members can request songs and even participate with karaoke.
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Gradante, William and Daniel Sheehy. 2008. Foundations of Mariachi Education, Vol.1: Materials, Methods, and Resource. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
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was inspired by a visit to Mexico. She posted a video in which she appears singing one of the songs from the album, "Death of Love", next to a group of mariachis in
537:, indigenous music was played with rattles, drums, flutes, and conch-shell horns as part of religious celebrations. The Spanish introduced violins, guitars, harps,
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became a national sport in Mexico and rings were constructed specifically for them, followed by professional charro associations. With the breakup of the large
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In the early 20th-century United States, record companies began actively recording rural music in other parts of the world. One of these was a recording called
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876:. One night Mariachi Vargas put Beltrán on stage when she was a teenager. Her versions of "Cucurrucucu Paloma" and "Tres Dias" are now considered classics.
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dance. It is a percussive rhythmic dance that follows a plant of foot followed by a heel tap then another foot plant, and continues on this pattern.
1132:, and the first to win one. As of 2014, the mariachi has been nominated for five Grammy awards, winning twice. They are the official Mariachi of the
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However, by the late 19th century, the music was firmly centered in Jalisco. Most legends put the origin of the modern mariachi in the town of
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nomination for best Mexican-American album. Academic programs allow for instruction by famous mariachi groups and the opportunity to win awards.
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Flores, Cynthia R. (2015). ""'Las Generalas: Origins of Women's Participation in Mariachi and the Cultural and Transnational Implications.'"".
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Italian and Spanish Influence on Selected Works of Mexican Composers: María Grever, Ignacio Fernández Esperón "Tata Nacho," and Augustín Lara
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format in the US, the music style is well recognized throughout the country. The United States military has an official mariachi band in the
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incorporated classical influence. One other innovation, in contrast to the machismo of the style, were the first female mariachi performers,
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980:". This innovation began in 1966 by Canadian priest Jean Marc Leclerc and it moved from a small church in Cuernacava in the 1960s to the
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Urrutia de Vázquez, Cristina. 1984. Origen y Evolución del Mariachi. Guadalajara: Sociedad de Amigos de Museo Regional de Guadalajara.
2278:, Hermes Rafael. 1983. Los Primeros Mariachis en la Ciudad de México. Guía Para el Investigador. México D.F.: S.E. Pesadilla de Fondo.
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in 1908 and 1909, recognized as one of the "first" mariachi recordings. The music also gained attention in Mexico City when a wealthy
565:, whose best known song, also referred to as "the mariachi national anthem", is "La Negra". Modern mariachi music developed from this
352:. The usual mariachi group today consists of as many as eight violins, two trumpets and at least one guitar, including a high-pitched
838:. This perception would change in the latter half of the 20th century, but the music remains strongly associated with tequila.
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2170:"Jalisco Is Mexico: Race and Class in the Encuentro Internacional del Mariachi y la Charrería in Guadalajara, Mexico (1994–2003)"
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Some U.S. public schools offer mariachi as part of classes. The first student mariachi group was begun in 1961 at the
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The promotion of mariachi as representative of Mexico has led to the formation of mariachi groups in many countries such as
642:
367:, along with the Mexican government's promotion of national culture, mariachi came to be recognized as a distinctly Mexican
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Sheehy, Daniel. 2006. Mariachi Music in America: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Jáuregui, Jesús. 2007. El Mariachi: Símbolo Musical de México. México D.F.: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
780:. They represented Mexico to the people during the Independence Day celebrations in Mexico City in 1933 as well as during
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2259:"The Development Mariachi Trumpet within the Son Jalisciense, Using the Musical Selection 'El Cihualteco' – a Case Study"
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The first mariachi groups in the United States were from California. Nati Cano was born in Jalisco in 1939 and moved to
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Cecilia Martinez-Avila (November 1997). "Marvelous Mariachi: A new generation embraces centuries-old music of Mexico".
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in hopes of being a protected element of heritage; it joins six other entries on the Mexican list of that category.
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music dating back to at least the 18th century, evolving over time in the countryside of various regions of western
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introduced the trumpet into mariachi, pushing the violins into second place and in some cases, replacing the harp.
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The most prized of the mariachis remained those from the state of Jalisco, particularly the areas of Cocula and
457:. Most song lyrics are about machismo, love, betrayal, death, politics, revolutionary heroes, and country life.
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655:, and touring the United States and Mexico as part of a presentation of nationalism for the Mexican president
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in the late 1890s. They moved from Jalisco to Mexico City and performed for the inauguration of President
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2813:"Mariachi and Rancheras in Mexico and El Norte: 100 Years of Mexican Tradition; Past, Present and Future"
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Rodriguez, Russell C. (2023). "Mariachi Accompaniment: Cultural Bearers for Communal Conviviality".
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1128:, founded in 1999 by Cindy Shea. In 2009, they became the first all-female mariachi nominated for a
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Guy Keeler (March 23, 2006). "Girls get the beat: Mariachi's male image doesn't faze young women".
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1038:, and Pedro Infante. Mariachi Vargas's first recording was in 1937, the same year they appeared in
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music divided into various regional varieties; the variety popular in the Jalisco area was called
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Other innovations in the United States have been the incorporation of styles of artists such as
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The music has a strong following in the US, with top groups spending a lot of time on tour.
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Mariachi group playing at the 10th-anniversary celebration of Knowledge (XXG) in Guadalajara
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639:. This use of the traje de charro outfit was repeated with urban mariachi in the 1920s.
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Martha Sarabia (May 10, 2008). "Mariachi de a millón" [Mariachi of a million].
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Nolasco, Antonio, Perla de los Ángeles (2018). "1.2. Sobre la etimología de mariachi".
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Performing nationalism: Mariachi, media and transformation of a tradition (1920--1942)
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Most mariachi groups are associated with family and religious celebrations along with
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have inspired many mariachi groups in the United States. In the late 1980s, pop star
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Chappell, Elizabeth (2023). "The Life and Career of Mariachi Educator Zeke Castro".
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is an American singer-songwriter. Her paternal grandparents are Mexican performers
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upon mestizaje culture and gave rise to a number of folk musical styles in Mexico.
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Figures depicting an old-style mariachi band in clay by José Guadalupe Panduro of
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Female mariachi vocalist at the Festival del Mariachi, Charrería y Tequila in
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864:/mariachi base while integrating new musical ideas and styles. Arrangers like
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2626:"Belle Ortiz, one of mariachi's biggest champions in San Antonio, dies at 90"
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In American Musicological Society Southwest Chapter Conference Proceedings
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Mexico built a nationwide radio broadcasting network in the 1920s such as
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2027:(Tesis de Licenciatura thesis). Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
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Mario Santiago and Silvestre Vargas in a musical presentation, 1958–1959
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2061:""Mariachi music as a symbol of Mexican culture in the United States""
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moved to the city, including those from Jalisco, which settled around
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931:
788:
750:
746:
434:
426:
410:
406:
387:
360:, and all players taking turns singing lead and doing backup vocals.
349:
220:
210:
162:
80:
1538:
Show mariachi allows the groups to play a certain set list of songs.
696:
family brought an early mariachi from Cocula to play for President
363:
During the 19th- and 20th-century migrations from rural areas into
4229:
4209:
4081:
4018:
4013:
3862:
3639:
3624:
3281:
3206:
2940:
1617:
1572:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1465:
1306:
1297:
1217:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1111:
1063:
1010:
991:
944:
912:
840:
767:
707:
641:
593:
516:
450:
446:
378:
374:
2595:"'Mariachi has changed my life': Mexican music grabs US students"
2440:"The world's best mariachis - El Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán".
2124:
Greathouse, Patricia. Mariachi. Layton: Gibbs Smith. 2009. p. 35.
1863:. November 27, 2011. Archived from the original on April 26, 2021
1097:, called Mariachi Nuevo México; this pays homage to the state of
4244:
2540:"Downey native goes from Uber driver to Grammy-nominated artist"
1860:
1173:
1157:
758:
3132:
2944:
2682:"Tucson International Mariachi Conference Celebrates 30th Year"
1820:"A Beautiful Thing: Mariachi and Femininity in Jalisco, Mexico"
791:
tradition was strong in Jalisco, especially in a region called
477:; yet another states that it came from an image locally called
1280:
1089:
include mariachi music in their programming. The most popular
323:
2750:"An All-Female Band, Making Its Way in the World of Mariachi"
1417:. New York's first international all-female mariachi is 2015
1030:. Mariachi Vargas became famous accompanying singers such as
294:
291:
4319:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
2539:
1389:. Mariachi Mujer has performed with Mexican artists such as
282:
2734:
2024:
Estudio lexicológico del vocabulario del mariachi de Puebla
635:
that performed in more rural settings, notably in traje de
297:
285:
19:
This article is about the musical genre. For the film, see
2488:"Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea get fifth Grammy nomination"
2238:(DMA dissertation). The University of Kentucky. p. 20
1251:
Once school programs were limited to border areas such as
1022:
is recognized as the oldest mariachi ensemble, founded by
2565:"Lupita Infante recibió su primera nominación al Grammy"
2513:"Mariachi Groups From Around the World Gather in Mexico"
2154:
2152:
2465:"LA Holiday Celebration: Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea"
500:
was once thought to have derived from the French word
2274:
2272:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
317:
276:
973:", for birthdays and celebrations of patron saints.
4268:
4177:
4114:
4037:
3883:
3803:
3705:
3648:
3612:
3533:
3495:
3435:
3402:
3360:
3322:
3215:
3167:
3097:
3018:
2978:
320:
288:
279:
249:
241:
236:
226:
216:
206:
190:
153:
107:
95:
71:
44:
30:
1918:"History of the Mariachi Puro Mariachi Foundation"
622:Mariachi woman in modern attire playing the violin
340:) is an ensemble of musicians that typically play
2901:"The Mariachi Tradition in Nochistlán, Zacatecas"
1855:[Mariachi, World Heritage Site: UNESCO].
1881:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
880:and repertory is still stressed to form a base.
469:comes from the indigenous name of a tree called
1912:
1491:The most common dance technique in mariachi is
2588:
2586:
2357:"Mariachi: The Spirit of Mexico WLIW New York"
2286:
2284:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1853:"Mariachi, Patrimonio de la Humanidad: UNESCO"
1267:, also spend time teaching in public schools.
3144:
2956:
1857:Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia
1321:that mariachi is based on alternates between
1007:from 1921 to 1975, director from 1931 to 1955
8:
4288:Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2044:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1847:
1845:
894:Mariachi América de Jesús Rodríguez de Hijar
397:Song styles performed with mariachi include
2706:. Las Vegas International Mariachi Festival
2515:. New York. August 29, 2011. Archived from
1377:, as well as the heavy-metal mariachi band
591:at a higher rate than those who could not.
4034:
3645:
3357:
3151:
3137:
3129:
2963:
2949:
2941:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2334:(PhD). The University of Texas at Austin.
1246:University of California, Los Angeles
557:. This music featured string instruments.
381:, the addition of trumpets and the use of
36:
27:
2899:Torres-Ramos, José R. (April 5–6, 2014).
2213:. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
2185:
834:, womanizing and drinking, especially of
553:One of these folk musical styles was the
2817:California State University, Los Angeles
2538:Pennacchio, George (December 31, 2020).
2065:International Journal of Music Education
1433:. An all-female mariachi in London, UK,
958:music. One particularly famous song is "
617:
191:Mariachi, string music, song and trumpet
2363:. New York. May 4, 2012. Archived from
2351:
2349:
1803:
75:18th century, Cocula, Jalisco, Mexico (
2658:Historical Research in Music Education
2444:. Denver. October 1, 2003. p. 8B.
2037:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1874:
187:
2680:Caitlin Harrington (April 24, 2012).
813:in 1936. The character was played by
598:The Orquestra Típica Mexicana led by
356:and an acoustic bass guitar called a
335:
7:
2293:"Mexico protects its mariachi plaza"
2257:Cavazos, Gregorio A. (May 1, 2023).
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1781:"Muerte de un gallero" (corrido-son)
1385:, Mariachi Reyna de Los Angeles and
2800:. New York magazine. June 17, 2013.
2168:Mulholland, Mary-Lee (2021-07-01).
1784:"El Charro Mexicano" (ranchera-son)
1120:is an all-female Mariachi based in
585:/mariachi music could find work at
199:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
2819:: 1–65 – via Google Scholar.
2569:Noticias de El Salvador y el Mundo
2486:Richard Irwin (January 23, 2014).
1283:and has headlined artists such as
14:
2467:. LA County Arts Commission. 2010
2397:McClatchy - Tribune Business News
1991:Camille Collins (March 9, 2007).
1075:at the White House with Mariachi
742:recordings and later with films.
4334:Regional styles of Mexican music
3009:
2928:
2811:Garcia, Virginia M. (May 2020).
2330:Donald Andrew Henriques (2006).
1565:Canción ranchera (a dos tiempos)
1291:, American-born mariachi singer
1054:United States and further afield
313:
272:
2265:: 5 – via Google scholar.
2263:Texas Tech University Libraries
1611:Canción ranchera (tres tiempos)
231:Latin America and the Caribbean
2624:Morgan, Jack (July 13, 2023).
2291:Chris Hawley (July 16, 2010).
2187:10.5406/jamerfolk.134.533.0292
1405:. Mariachi Divas have won two
1263:, which regularly performs at
504:("marriage"), dating from the
1:
2859:10.1080/15290824.2022.2098301
2748:Yee, Vivian (21 March 2013).
1953:. New Mexico State University
1818:Mulholland, Mary-Lee (2013).
1020:Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán
784:' election campaign in 1936.
506:French intervention in Mexico
2571:(in Spanish). March 12, 2021
2232:Castillo, Manuel M. (2014).
2209:Chavez, Humberto Dominguez.
2174:Journal of American Folklore
1387:Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea
1317:mariachi pieces is that the
1118:Mariachi Divas de Cindy Shea
819:¡Ay, Jalisco... no te rajes!
795:. After the Revolution, the
392:Intangible Cultural Heritage
2774:"Mariachi Flor de Toloache"
581:. Those who could play the
573:as an alternative name for
4357:
4329:National symbols of Mexico
2851:Journal of Dance Education
2601:. New York. Archived from
2593:Sevil Omer (May 4, 2012).
2492:San Gabriel Valley Tribune
2429:(in Spanish). Los Angeles.
1704:Sones regionales mexicanos
1057:
823:¡Así se quiere en Jalisco!
390:recognized mariachi as an
18:
4339:Spanish words and phrases
4324:Mexican musical ensembles
3007:
1995:. Mexconnect newsletter.
1951:"What is Mariachi Music?"
1533:Mariachi, Heart of Mexico
1423:Mariachi Flor de Toloache
1095:New Mexico National Guard
949:Mariachi guitarrón player
852:, singing Mariachi music.
721:Mariachi band performing
195:
158:
112:
100:
35:
2882:Journal of Documentation
2399:. Washington. p. 1.
2077:10.1177/0255761405058237
1435:Mariachi Las Adelitas UK
810:Allá en el Rancho Grande
631:salon orchestras called
626:The distinction between
2412:Twentieth-Century Music
1993:"What is the mariachi?"
1568:Corrido (a dos tiempos)
1015:Mariachi Vargas in 1950
3108:Mexican music in Chile
2059:Clark, Sylvia (2005).
1859:(in Spanish). Mexico:
1614:Corrido (tres tiempos)
1534:
1526:
1518:
1475:
1425:, who are featured in
1313:
1303:María José Quintanilla
1241:
1137:
1085:radio stations in the
1079:
1060:Mexican music in Chile
1016:
1008:
950:
918:
853:
773:
730:
647:
623:
607:
535:arrival of the Spanish
530:
178:Regional Mexican music
16:Folk music from Mexico
1532:
1524:
1516:
1472:San Juan de los Lagos
1469:
1301:
1221:
1197:Mariachi Los Camperos
1115:
1067:
1014:
995:
962:" ("The Cockroach").
948:
916:
886:Mariachi los Camperos
844:
771:
720:
645:
621:
597:
527:Museo de Arte Popular
520:
3159:Music genres in the
2937:at Wikimedia Commons
2628:. Texas Public Radio
1517:Mariachi Guadalajara
1003:and musician of the
982:Cuernavaca Cathedral
934:(a romantic style),
525:, on display at the
102:Mariachi tradicional
4122:Afro-Peruvian music
3445:Afro-Peruvian music
1442:Sophie Ellis-Bextor
1399:Gerardito Fernandez
1383:Mariachi Mujer 2000
1077:Campanas de América
673:semi-professional.
337:[maˈɾjatʃi]
237:Inscription history
4314:Latin music genres
4028:Charanga-vallenata
3460:Son de los Diablos
2519:on October 4, 2011
1535:
1527:
1525:A mariachi fiddler
1519:
1476:
1314:
1242:
1138:
1080:
1017:
1009:
951:
938:(using falsetto),
919:
854:
774:
731:
723:El Son de la Negra
704:Modern development
678:Cuarteto Coculense
664:Mexican Revolution
648:
624:
608:
531:
245:2011 (6th session)
63:Mexican folk music
4296:
4295:
4110:
4109:
3701:
3700:
3398:
3397:
3126:
3125:
2933:Media related to
2798:"Approval Matrix"
2098:– via SAGE.
1462:Women in mariachi
1411:Disneyland Resort
1227:Lupita Torrentera
1134:Disneyland resort
817:in films such as
718:
633:orquestas típicas
539:brass instruments
259:
258:
186:
185:
45:Stylistic origins
4346:
4190:Canción melódica
4035:
3804:Traditional folk
3646:
3437:Peruvian coastal
3420:Paraguayan polka
3358:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3100:Regional Mexican
3013:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2932:
2917:
2916:
2911:: 4 – via
2896:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2544:ABC7 Los Angeles
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:on July 29, 2012
2353:
2344:
2343:
2327:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2180:(533): 292–318.
2165:
2159:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2087:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1988:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1947:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1914:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1815:
1791:Classical music
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1235:
1208:Los Angeles
1107:Mexican-American
1083:Regional Mexican
1040:Asi es mi Tierra
997:Silvestre Vargas
719:
579:huarache sandals
346:regional Mexican
339:
334:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
319:
312:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
271:
188:
72:Cultural origins
40:
28:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4264:
4173:
4147:Afro-Cuban jazz
4132:Bomba del Chota
4106:
4033:
3879:
3799:
3697:
3693:Orquesta típica
3683:Uruguayan tango
3658:Argentine tango
3644:
3608:
3536:
3529:
3491:
3431:
3394:
3356:
3318:
3211:
3163:
3157:
3127:
3122:
3093:
3082:Son jalisciense
3070:Tierra Caliente
3021:
3014:
3005:
2996:Jarana yucateca
2974:
2972:Music of Mexico
2969:
2925:
2920:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2442:La Voz Bilingüe
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2103:
2094:
2092:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1920:. Puro Mariachi
1916:
1915:
1890:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1801:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1700:Son jaliscience
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1671:Canción rítmica
1649:Bolero ranchero
1637:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1511:
1489:
1464:
1452:Puerto Vallarta
1440:English singer
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1285:Pedro Fernández
1229:
1062:
1056:
1028:Lázaro Cárdenas
1005:Mariachi Vargas
990:
988:Mariachi Vargas
940:son jalisciense
911:
858:Mariachi Vargas
846:Lorenzo Negrete
782:Lázaro Cárdenas
736:Plaza Garibaldi
708:
706:
646:Mariachi singer
613:Cocula, Jalisco
583:son jalisciense
575:son jalisciense
563:son jalisciense
523:Tonalá, Jalisco
515:
463:
332:
316:
307:
306:
275:
266:
265:
202:
182:
173:Plaza Garibaldi
149:
108:Regional scenes
67:
52:Son jalisciense
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4169:Tropical music
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3699:
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3265:Rumba flamenca
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2923:External links
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2605:on May 8, 2012
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2071:(3): 227–237.
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1830:(2): 359–372.
1824:Anthropologica
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1444:'s 2016 album
1342:
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1319:son jaliscense
1261:Mariachi Cobre
1223:Lupita Infante
1213:Linda Ronstadt
1055:
1052:
1048:son jaliscense
989:
986:
910:
907:
848:, grandson of
755:son jaliscense
705:
702:
637:charro outfits
604:Columbus, Ohio
529:in Mexico City
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383:charro outfits
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255:Representative
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3260:Flamenco jazz
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3161:Hispanosphere
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2778:Latin GRAMMYs
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2145:. Denver: 28.
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2112:
2110:
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2106:
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2091:on 2015-06-26
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1509:Musical forms
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1407:Grammy Awards
1404:
1400:
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1395:Pablo Montero
1392:
1388:
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1380:
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1371:Marty Robbins
1368:
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1363:Freddy Fender
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1087:United States
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1053:
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1050:was learned.
1049:
1045:
1044:Ruben Fuentes
1041:
1037:
1033:
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1024:Gaspar Vargas
1021:
1013:
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1002:
999:(1901-1985),
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987:
985:
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978:Kyrie Eleison
974:
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971:Las Mañanitas
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866:Rubén Fuentes
863:
859:
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850:Jorge Negrete
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815:Jorge Negrete
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698:Porfirio Díaz
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657:Porfirio Diaz
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533:Prior to the
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4255:Spanish jazz
4178:Other genres
3780:Puerto Rican
3586:
3077:Son huasteco
3000:
2913:Academia.edu
2908:
2904:
2894:
2888:: 1213–1227.
2885:
2881:
2875:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2816:
2806:
2792:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:
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2459:
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2365:the original
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2262:
2252:
2242:September 8,
2240:. Retrieved
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2217:September 9,
2215:. Retrieved
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2068:
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1856:
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1427:Dan Auerbach
1419:Latin Grammy
1367:Glenn Miller
1356:
1343:
1328:
1318:
1315:
1293:Pepe Aguilar
1269:
1265:Disney World
1250:
1243:
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1194:
1139:
1130:Grammy Award
1081:
1047:
1039:
1036:Lola Beltrán
1018:
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960:La Cucaracha
955:
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870:Lola Beltrán
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566:
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487:
482:
481:(pronounced
479:María H
478:
474:
470:
466:
464:
396:
369:
362:
261:
260:
197:
154:Other topics
21:
4276:Latin music
4200:Contradanza
4092:Tecnocumbia
4067:New Chilean
4052:Bullerengue
3908:Cha-cha-cha
3841:jalisciense
3831:Mexican Son
3715:Alternative
3678:Nuevo tango
3577:Duranguense
3525:Nueva trova
3370:Alternative
3324:Latin urban
3182:Carnavalito
3087:Son jarocho
3030:Duranguense
2735:"Metalachi"
2040:cite thesis
1769:Mixed meter
1761:Son jarocho
1403:Nydia Rojas
1375:Johnny Cash
1289:Ana Gabriel
1253:San Antonio
1230: [
1199:received a
1122:Los Angeles
1091:Latin music
1032:Luis Miguel
902:Eje Central
874:Lucha Villa
805:Tito Guízar
763:Cuban music
653:Carlo Curti
600:Carlo Curti
365:Guadalajara
242:Inscription
146:El Salvador
22:El Mariachi
4303:Categories
4260:Villancico
4142:Latin jazz
4115:Afro-Latin
4072:Panamanian
4002:Son cubano
3795:Venezuelan
3755:Latin rock
3750:Ecuadorian
3410:Chamarrita
3403:Litoraleña
3390:Panamanian
3380:Moombahton
3286:Isa (from
3113:New Mexico
2783:2016-03-06
2759:2016-03-06
2704:"About Us"
2427:La Opinión
2295:. New York
2095:2016-11-29
2031:2024-01-15
1799:References
1421:nominated
1391:Vikki Carr
1309:singer of
1295:and more.
1126:California
1109:heritage.
1099:New Mexico
1073:Laura Bush
1058:See also:
778:Tecalitlán
727:Xochimilco
662:After the
439:pasodobles
122:Costa Rica
4281:subgenres
4220:Pasacalle
4195:Christian
4185:Aguinaldo
4057:Colombian
4047:Argentine
4024:Vallenato
3995:romántica
3978:Guaguancó
3858:Zamacueca
3811:Chacarera
3790:Uruguayan
3770:Nueva ola
3745:Dominican
3735:Colombian
3720:Argentine
3688:Bandoneon
3510:Colombian
3497:Latin pop
3487:Zamacueca
3465:Toro Mata
3385:Neoperreo
3362:Reggaeton
3309:Tajaraste
3304:Pasodoble
3299:Malagueña
3020:Regional
2979:Ensembles
2867:1529-0824
2838:: n. pag.
2754:City Room
2575:March 15,
2549:March 15,
2196:0021-8715
2085:145578649
2001:1028-9089
1867:April 26,
1836:0003-5459
1793:overtures
1776:Examples:
1678:Meter in
1627:Meter in
1620:mexicanos
1590:Meter in
1579:Pasodoble
1544:Meter in
1494:zapateado
1379:Metalachi
1277:Telemundo
1190:Venezuela
1166:Guatemala
1142:Argentina
1001:violinist
967:serenades
928:guitarrón
890:Nati Cano
801:haciendas
797:charreada
793:Los Altos
700:in 1905.
669:haciendas
588:haciendas
543:woodwinds
496:The word
483:Mari-Ache
423:huapangos
399:rancheras
358:guitarrón
217:Reference
143:Argentina
140:Venezuela
131:Guatemala
96:Subgenres
85:Michoacán
4309:Mariachi
4137:Candombe
4077:Peruvian
3968:Pachanga
3963:Méringue
3958:Merengue
3948:Guaracha
3933:Cuarteto
3923:Charanga
3913:Champeta
3885:Tropical
3868:Marinera
3836:huasteco
3775:Peruvian
3673:Neotango
3620:Candombe
3597:Ranchera
3587:Mariachi
3550:Conjunto
3535:Regional
3472:Marinera
3415:Guarania
3375:Bachatón
3314:Zarzuela
3255:Cantiñas
3250:Bulerías
3240:Flamenco
3235:Fandango
3197:Morenada
3187:Diablada
3055:Ranchera
3035:Huapango
3001:Mariachi
2991:Conjunto
2935:Mariachi
2710:June 20,
2688:June 20,
2684:. Tucson
2632:July 20,
2609:June 20,
2523:June 20,
2497:June 27,
2471:June 27,
2371:June 20,
2299:June 20,
2143:Hispanic
2006:June 20,
1957:June 20,
1924:June 20,
1877:cite web
1713:Huapango
1654:Serenata
1499:Flamenco
1474:, Mexico
1431:The Arcs
1311:ranchera
1182:Colombia
936:huapango
888:(led by
832:machismo
694:hacienda
682:Columbia
571:mariachi
498:mariachi
467:mariachi
431:danzones
403:corridos
342:ranchera
333:Spanish:
262:Mariachi
119:Colombia
31:Mariachi
4269:Related
4225:Pasillo
4205:Criolla
4159:Milonga
4102:Cachaca
4097:Villera
4062:Mexican
4007:montuno
3943:Guajira
3918:Changüí
3903:Calypso
3893:Bachata
3846:jarocho
3785:Spanish
3765:Mexican
3730:Chilean
3725:Chicano
3663:Milonga
3635:Milonga
3572:Grupera
3555:Norteño
3545:Corrido
3537:Mexican
3515:Mexican
3477:Tondero
3450:Festejo
3425:Chamamé
3347:R&B
3332:Hip hop
3245:Alboreá
3177:Bambuco
3050:Marimba
3045:Pirekua
3040:Norteño
2853:: 1–8.
2660:: 1–21.
2340:3294414
1456:Jalisco
1447:Familia
1415:Anaheim
1307:Chilean
1186:Ecuador
1170:Uruguay
1103:Hispano
924:vihuela
836:tequila
729:canals.
725:at the
666:, many
547:mestizo
513:Origins
502:mariage
491:Nayarit
451:waltzes
443:marches
435:joropos
427:jarabes
415:ballads
411:boleros
407:cumbias
379:waltzes
354:vihuela
207:Country
163:Charros
125:Ecuador
89:Nayarit
77:Jalisco
59:planeco
4235:Pregón
4215:Décima
4164:Tambor
4154:Mapalé
4039:Cumbia
3938:Danzón
3898:Bolero
3853:Tonada
3826:Joropo
3604:Trival
3592:Jarabe
3565:Tejano
3560:Nortec
3505:Ballad
3342:Reggae
3192:Huayno
3169:Andean
3118:Tejano
3098:Other
3022:styles
2865:
2338:
2194:
2083:
1999:
1834:
1757:Joropo
1721:Meter
1708:Jarabe
1667:Cumbia
1663:Chotís
1659:Danzón
1618:Valses
1583:Marcha
1373:, and
1273:Fresno
1257:Tucson
1201:Grammy
1178:Brazil
1069:George
932:bolero
909:Groups
892:) and
789:charro
690:Victor
686:Edison
606:, 1885
541:, and
475:cirimo
455:chotís
447:polkas
388:UNESCO
375:polkas
350:Mexico
344:, the
227:Region
211:Mexico
116:Mexico
81:Colima
4230:Plena
4210:Danza
4127:Bomba
4082:Porro
4019:Trova
4014:Timba
3985:Salsa
3973:Rumba
3953:Mambo
3928:Conga
3873:Zamba
3863:Cueca
3760:Metal
3740:Cuban
3650:Tango
3640:Murga
3625:Cueca
3582:Banda
3455:Landó
3337:House
3282:Folia
3275:Soleá
3270:Saeta
3230:Copla
3207:Tinku
2986:Banda
2832:Karpa
2599:MSNBC
2081:S2CID
1736:with
1573:Polka
1487:Dance
1234:]
1162:Spain
1154:Chile
1150:Egypt
1146:Aruba
471:pilla
419:sones
221:00575
128:Chile
4245:Seis
3990:dura
3821:Gato
3707:Rock
3668:Vals
3482:Vals
3352:Trap
3294:Jota
3202:Saya
2863:ISSN
2712:2012
2690:2012
2634:2023
2611:2012
2577:2021
2551:2021
2525:2012
2499:2014
2473:2014
2414:: 4.
2373:2012
2361:WLIW
2336:OCLC
2301:2012
2244:2015
2219:2015
2192:ISSN
2046:link
2008:2012
1997:ISSN
1959:2012
1926:2012
1883:link
1869:2021
1861:INAH
1832:ISSN
1401:and
1352:time
1336:and
1305:, a
1279:and
1255:and
1236:and
1188:and
1174:Peru
1158:Cuba
1116:The
1105:and
1071:and
872:and
821:and
787:The
761:and
759:jazz
749:and
688:and
461:Name
453:and
377:and
251:List
134:Peru
4087:Rap
3060:Son
2855:doi
2182:doi
2178:134
2073:doi
1429:'s
1413:in
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1101:'s
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862:son
807:in
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