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432:
Malabar and Tamil Nadu. She states that the
Labbais sect follows the rules, like marrying the father's sister's daughter (Murapennu - a famous South Indian "Kalyana murai"). Nagore, Kulasekarapattinam, Kayalpattanam, Kilakkarai, and Adiramapattanam are the main centres with old mosques and remains of ancient Sahabi saints.
451:
According to tradition, Marakkars were originally marine merchants of Kochi who left for
Ponnani in the Samoothiri Raja's dominion when the Portuguese came to Kochi. They offered their men, ships and wealth in defence of their motherland to the Samoothiri of Kozhikode-The Raja, who took them into his
431:
that Tamil
Marakkayars have always looked down upon converted Muslims and had a higher social standing directly linked to Arabs. She states the Sunni Shafi Madhab connection to Arabia as proof of their identity. They (marakkars) strictly maintained the sect by intermarriage between the Marakkayars of
215:
According to tradition, the
Kunjali Marakkars were maritime merchants of Arab descent who supported the trade in the Indian Ocean and settled in the coastal regions of Kayalpattinam, Kilakarai, Adirampattinam, Thoothukudi, Nagore and Karaikal. But they shifted their trade to Kochi and then migrated
435:
Bayly mentions
Patattu marakkayar signifies a title or Pattam having been granted to one of these families. Could that be the Pattu Marakkar that we know from Cochin? The Kayal Patanam Quadiri Sufis had connections with the Calicut Sufi families. This confirms the relationship between the Calicut,
268:
as their native language, though this is also extinct as a spoken language. Today, they use
Malayalam and Tamil as their primary language, with influence from Arabic. Many Arabic and Arabized words exist in Malayalam and Tamil, spoken by Marakkars. Among many examples, greetings and blessings are
120:
customs. Naturally, their children will have embedded
Islamic and local values and transmitted them to their descendants. From the outset, the Arabs must, in all probability, have asserted the centrality of Islamic values in their relationship with the local women while making the necessary
436:
Cochin and Kayal
Marakkayar families and the Arabic links. The Marakkayar port of Porto Novo (Mahmud Bandar) was popular and busy in the later years. In Ramnad, however, the Marikkars mainly handled trade for the Setupati royal family.
452:
service and eventually became the
Admirals of his fleet. They served as the naval chiefs in the Zamorin's army. Kunjali Marakkar, one of the first Keralites to rebel against the Portuguese, hailed from the Marikkar community.
141:
Most
Marakkars are, in some way or other, connected to foreign trade through which they became more advanced economically and socially than the different Muslim groups in the locality and even many Hindu sub-castes.
3229:
92:
coastal women. Arab traders have also married other South Asian women in India and Sri Lanka, but their descendants are not necessarily members of the Marakkar community.
308:
for father, suggesting a close relationship between Marakkars of India and Marrakkar and Moors of Sri Lanka. The Marakkars of Sri Lanka falls under the '
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909:
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3249:
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brought by the early merchants is no longer spoken, though many Arabic words and phrases are still commonly used. Until recently, the
3579:
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31:
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The first is from the term 'Marakala+aayar', which may mean those who controlled or owned boats. In Tamil/Malayalam, "
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2665:
80:
The community trace their ancestry to marriages between early Arab Muslim traders of the high seas and indigenous
3559:
3383:
1969:
1385:
3491:
3224:
2890:
2645:
177:. The Marakayars have dominated the educational and economic landscape in Tamil Nadu since the 17th century.
3033:
2745:
2740:
1837:
1679:
129:
The Marakkars, the early Muslim inhabitants of Kerala, Coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, are Sunnis of the
3282:
2963:
2328:
895:
312:
group, defined by the Sri Lankan government as a separate ethnic group. There are also words derived from
3456:
3244:
2373:
1974:
1118:
691:
Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" Ph.D. Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986)
207:. Derived from Marakka Rayar, it signifies the captain of a ship Rayar (captain) of Marakkalam (ship).
679:
Cf. Bayly 1989: 73-103; Bjerrum 1920: 172-3; Fanselow 1989: 274-81; Kamāl 1990: 37-55; More 2004: 3-27
108:
brought Islamic values and customs and inter-married with the indigenous women who followed the local
3204:
2620:
2022:
1807:
1541:
1143:
596:
Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986)
461:
232:, some Marakkars were forced to take up arms and enlist themselves in the service of the Hindu king (
2801:
2368:
2216:
1471:
3017:
2575:
2186:
1694:
1629:
1322:
1209:
1078:
1007:
840:
742:
233:
1764:
185:
There are two main hypotheses regarding the term "Marrakayar" etymology and its various forms.
2383:
2318:
1729:
978:
776:
770:
734:
659:
225:
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101:
89:
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1571:
1531:
1375:
1219:
1204:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1164:
1159:
1003:
499:
spelling. Other spellings include Maricar, Marecar, Marikkar, Markiyar, Marican, Marecan,
471:
261:
257:
253:
3530:
3272:
3155:
3053:
3048:
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2012:
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66:
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The History of the Pearl Fishery of the Tamil coast by S. Arunachalam (1952), Page 89
3543:
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3176:
3088:
3001:
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2841:
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2796:
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2720:
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2605:
2590:
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2474:
2343:
2295:
2285:
2226:
2191:
2130:
2120:
2027:
1997:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1916:
1812:
1714:
1704:
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1599:
1591:
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1337:
1262:
1174:
1083:
943:
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448:, are primarily concentrated in and around Malabar. They were traditionally boatmen.
265:
199:
KVK Iyer says in his history of Kerala that Marakkar was a prized title given by the
145:
The Marakkars were known to be a robust maritime spice trading community in medieval
105:
723:"Spoken Tamil Dialects of the Muslims of Sri Lanka: Language as Identity-Classifier"
3522:
3038:
2831:
2821:
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2444:
2426:
2416:
2138:
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1954:
1939:
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466:
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130:
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adjustments to local customs. This is the pattern that has survived to this day.
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1769:
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1169:
1038:
579:
562:
536:"THE IMPACT OF BEING TAMIL ON RELIGIOUS LIFE AMONG TAMIL MUSLIMS IN SINGAPORE"
321:
221:
166:
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70:
54:
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162:
74:
62:
58:
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663:
831:
The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History
692:
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Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil Nadu -
746:
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17:
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2007:
2002:
1911:
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1093:
1073:
1068:
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1058:
983:
963:
948:
237:
217:
204:
200:
196:". That it is the association of these two words that give Marakkayar.
150:
113:
81:
42:
3259:
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2017:
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117:
50:
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1133:
973:
46:
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891:
882:
Kunjali Marakkar – Kerala Calling Malabar & the Portuguese
583:– via Brill.com05/28/2020 DOI: 10.17510/wjhi.v16i2.378.
705:
The History of Pearl Fishery of Tamil Coast, Annamalai Nagar
3230:
Sayyid Abdurahman Imbichikoya Thangal Al-Aydarusi Al-Azhari
563:"Tracing the linguistic crossroads between Malay and Tamil"
269:
exchanged in Arabic instead of Malayalam/Tamil, such as
870:
Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamil Nadu and Madras
707:. Tamil Nadu, India: Ananamalai University. p. 11.
288:
There are also words which are unique to Marakkars and
769:
Ray, Niharranjan; Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal (2000).
240:. The Marakkar naval chiefs of Calicut were known as
3449:
3426:
3407:
3400:
3375:
3353:
3320:
3313:
3258:
3192:
3185:
3103:
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3026:
3010:
2983:
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2782:
2294:
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2096:
1988:
1925:
1846:
1783:
1412:
1253:
1152:
926:
545:: 79 – via NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE.
837:Portuguese Cochin and the Maritime Trade of India
630:"The Marakkayar Muslims of Karikal, South India"
224:'s dominion when the Portuguese fleets came to
2898:
903:
8:
666:– via JSTOR/ Oxford Academic Journals.
149:. They traded in and with locations such as
687:
685:
320:for the terrace. There are also words from
3404:
3317:
3189:
2980:
2943:
2905:
2891:
2883:
910:
896:
888:
592:
590:
3418:Samastha Kerala Sunni Students Federation
653:
578:
334:
3131:Vattakkolis (the Bhatkalis) or Navayats
1876:Vattakkolis (the Bhatkalis) or Navayats
526:
488:
100:The Islamized Arabs who arrived on the
825:The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama
716:
714:
628:Prashant More, Jean-Baptiste (1991).
7:
675:
673:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
556:
554:
552:
3498:
772:A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization
3428:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama
3409:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama
876:Charithrathile Marakkar Sannidhyam
543:Degree of Doctor of Philosophy PhD
25:
264:, and the Tamil Muslims employed
32:Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea
3526:
3525:
3516:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3474:
3473:
846:India and the Indian Ocean World
45:community found in parts of the
3293:Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal
427:Susan Bayly states in her book
192:" signifies "wooden boat" and "
3298:Sayed Abbas Ali Shihab Thangal
444:In Kerala, Marakkar, known as
440:Marakkars of Kottakal (Kerala)
73:and both Tamil and Sinhala in
1:
3288:Sayed Hyderali Shihab Thangal
3570:Muslim communities of Kerala
3376:Traditionalist (Sunnī Islam)
561:Hoogervorst, Tom G. (2015).
281:instead of Nanni/Nandri and
228:. With the emergence of the
133:school of thought (Madhab).
3555:Social groups of Tamil Nadu
3550:Muslim communities of India
3363:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
3302:Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
3220:Pangil Ahmed Kutty Musliyar
819:Medieval Seafarers of India
534:TSCHACHER, TORSTEN (2006).
3596:
3575:Social groups of Sri Lanka
3437:Sunni Students' Federation
3215:Varakkal Mullokoya Thangal
864:Saints Goddesses and Kings
721:MAHROOF, M. M. M. (1995).
634:Journal of Islamic Studies
429:Saints Goddesses and Kings
29:
3513:
3384:E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar
580:10.17510/wacana.v16i2.378
423:Marakkars and Marakkayars
30:For the Indian film, see
3580:South Indian communities
3240:Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal
3225:Kanniyath Ahmed Musliyar
703:Arunachalam, S. (1952).
349:Marakkar Malayalam/Tamil
283:Pinjhan/Finjan/Pinjaanam
211:Role in regional history
3565:Social groups of Kerala
3278:Panakkad Shihab Thangal
2746:Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh
2741:Sayyid of Uttar Pradesh
275:Shaanthiyum Samadanavum
27:Indian Muslim community
3391:AP Aboobacker Musliyar
3283:Umerali Shihab Thangal
3250:AP Aboobacker Musliyar
3034:Vaikom Muhammad Bashir
61:. The Marakkars speak
3245:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar
3177:Bohras (Daudi Bohras)
3126:Tangals (the Sayyids)
2374:Bhale Sultan Khanzada
1917:Bohras (Daudi Bohras)
1871:Tangals (the Sayyids)
872:- J. B. Prashant More
854:– P. A. Syed Mohammed
852:Kerala Muslim History
833:– Sanjay Subrahmanyam
827:– Sanjay Subrahmanyam
821:– Lakshmi Subramaniam
226:the Kingdom of Cochin
84:coastal women on the
3205:Zainuddin Makhdoom I
2984:Religious literature
2217:Shaikhs of Rajasthan
462:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
3462:Suprabhaatham Daily
3314:Major denominations
860:J. B. Prashant More
332:for rasam or soup.
300:for elder-brother,
230:Portuguese in India
3401:Influential bodies
3168:Dakhnis or Pathans
3018:Moyinkutty Vaidyar
1908:Dakhnis or Pathans
1720:Shaikhs of Gujarat
841:Pius Malekandathil
646:10.1093/jis/2.1.25
296:for elder-sister,
41:are a South Asian
3537:
3536:
3445:
3444:
3371:
3370:
3309:
3308:
3235:Athippatta Usthad
3062:
3061:
2972:
2971:
2880:
2879:
2518:Kayastha Musalman
2319:Bachgoti Khanzada
1730:Sayyid of Gujarat
1596:Maliks of Gujarat
848:– Ashin Das Gupta
420:
419:
260:Muslims employed
242:Kunjali Marakkars
16:(Redirected from
3587:
3560:Sri Lankan Moors
3529:
3528:
3523:Islam portal
3521:
3520:
3519:
3501:
3500:
3489:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3405:
3318:
3210:Mampuram Thangal
3190:
2981:
2959:Malayalam script
2944:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2726:Sadaat-e-Bilgram
2691:Rajput Musalmaan
2666:Qaum-e-Punjabian
2528:Khokhar Khanzada
2465:Gujjar Musalmaan
912:
905:
898:
889:
884:– K. M. Panikkar
878:– S. V. Mohammed
806:
805:
793:
787:
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558:
547:
546:
540:
531:
514:
495:Marakkar is the
493:
477:Sri Lankan Moors
335:
328:for Kulambu and
310:Sri Lankan Moors
290:Sri Lankan Moors
271:Assalamu Alaikum
21:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3457:Chandrika Daily
3441:
3422:
3396:
3367:
3349:
3340:Islam in Kerala
3305:
3254:
3181:
3099:
3058:
3022:
3011:Religious Poets
3006:
2998:Khissa Pattukal
2968:
2964:Arabi Malayalam
2942:
2932:Mappila dialect
2916:
2914:Islam in Kerala
2911:
2881:
2876:
2778:
2774:Tyagi Musalmaan
2553:Lalkhani Rajput
2450:Gautam Khanzada
2427:Dhobi Musalmaan
2393:Muslim Bhumihar
2379:Bhatti Khanzada
2290:
2275:Deccani Muslims
2241:
2092:
2073:Muslim Raj Gond
2063:Konkani Muslims
1984:
1921:
1842:
1818:Konkani Muslims
1779:
1750:Sulaymani Bohra
1710:Sandhai Muslims
1532:Ghanchi-Pinjara
1408:
1390:Shaikh of Bihar
1249:
1148:
1004:Deccani Muslims
922:
916:
815:
813:Further reading
810:
809:
795:
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763:
758:
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727:Islamic Studies
720:
719:
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560:
559:
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538:
533:
532:
528:
523:
518:
517:
494:
490:
485:
472:Mappila Muslims
458:
442:
425:
394:Thaatha/Laatha
344:Malayalam/Tamil
304:for mother and
262:Arabi Malayalam
254:Arabic language
250:
213:
183:
139:
137:Economic Status
127:
98:
88:coast and with
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3275:
3273:Pukkoya Tangal
3269:
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3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:Muttum Viliyum
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3054:Moidu Padiyath
3051:
3049:N. P. Muhammed
3046:
3044:K. T. Muhammed
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2994:Majlis Al-Noor
2991:
2987:
2985:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2867:Shershahabadia
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Iraqi Biradari
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2766:Teli Musalmaan
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Kakorvi Shaikh
2495:
2490:
2487:
2485:Iraqi Biradari
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1927:Madhya Pradesh
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Shershahabadia
1391:
1388:
1386:Syed (Mallick)
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1323:Malik of Bihar
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:Muslim Rajputs
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1034:Iraqi Biradari
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
924:
923:
917:
915:
914:
907:
900:
892:
886:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
834:
828:
822:
814:
811:
808:
807:
788:
781:
761:
752:
733:(4): 407–426.
710:
695:
681:
669:
609:
600:
586:
573:(2): 249–283.
548:
525:
524:
522:
519:
516:
515:
487:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
457:
454:
441:
438:
424:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
374:
373:
370:
367:
363:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
346:
341:
322:the Purananuru
285:for Bowl/Cup.
249:
246:
212:
209:
182:
179:
138:
135:
126:
123:
97:
94:
86:Gulf of Mannar
65:in Kerala and
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3532:
3524:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:Major figures
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3089:Arabana Muttu
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3002:Mappila Pattu
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Arabic script
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Dawoodi Bohra
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Shaikh Ja'fri
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Sadaat-e-Bara
2719:
2717:
2716:Sadaat Amroha
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Nagar Muslims
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Muslim Chhipi
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2296:Uttar Pradesh
2293:
2287:
2286:Dawoodi Bohra
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Sindhi-Sipahi
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Dawoodi Bohra
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Dawoodi Bohra
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Muslim Chhipi
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Dawoodi Bohra
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Kodava Maaple
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Multani Lohar
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Dawoodi Bohra
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Muslim Chhipi
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1144:Urdu-speaking
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
920:
919:Indian Muslim
913:
908:
906:
901:
899:
894:
893:
890:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
866:– Susan Bayly
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
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3104:Communities
3096:Vattappattu
2990:Mala-Mawlid
2784:West Bengal
2354:Banu Israil
2149:Hela Mehtar
2023:Chhaparband
1990:Maharashtra
1808:Chhaparband
1755:Sunni Bohra
1690:Patni Jamat
921:communities
798:"The Hindu"
796:The Hindu.
361:Uppa/Vaapa
358:Appan/Appa
273:instead of
234:the zamorin
3544:Categories
3450:News paper
3389:AP Sunni (
3382:EK Sunni (
3084:Duff Muttu
2977:Literature
2756:Shaikhzada
2636:Panchpiria
2611:Muley Jats
2369:Bharbhunja
2247:Tamil Nadu
2088:Tadvi Bhil
1770:Vora Patel
1765:Turk Jamat
1537:Halaypotra
1492:Chundrigar
1472:Bharbhunja
1008:Hyderabadi
521:References
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416:mol/maval
405:mon/mavan
316:, such as
292:, such as
279:Jazakallah
167:South Asia
147:South Asia
102:Coromandel
71:Tamil Nadu
55:Tamil Nadu
49:states of
3480:Templates
3355:Salafists
3172:Ravuthars
3160:Kurikkals
3146:Marakkars
3067:Folk Arts
2928:Malayalam
2921:Languages
2676:Rai Bhatt
2651:Putliwale
2562:Mandarkia
2538:Kingharia
2503:Kamangars
2470:Halalkhor
2334:Bandhmati
2277:(Pathans)
2232:Singiwala
2202:Qaimkhani
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2111:Anderkoti
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2083:Saiqalgar
1912:Ravuthars
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1785:Karnataka
1635:Molesalam
1577:Khaskheli
1507:Dhuldhoya
1442:Attarwala
1333:Mirshikar
739:0578-8072
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511:Marakkala
508:Sinhalese
497:Malayalam
446:Marikkars
410:Daughter
330:Puliaanam
190:marakalam
181:Etymology
175:Sri Lanka
163:East Asia
75:Sri Lanka
63:Malayalam
59:Sri Lanka
39:Marakkars
3531:Category
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3116:Pusalans
3111:Mappilas
3079:Kolkkali
2761:Siddiqui
2656:Qalandar
2641:Pankhiya
2548:Lal Begi
2523:Khanzada
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2281:Nawayath
2270:Marakkar
2169:Khanzada
2154:Hiranbaz
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1861:Pusalans
1856:Mappilas
1823:Nawayath
1725:Shaikhda
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1153:Minority
1049:Kashmiri
1044:Khanzada
979:Bhatiara
927:Majority
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664:15455059
456:See also
377:Brother
248:Language
171:Maldives
159:Malaysia
155:Thailand
125:Religion
110:Buddhist
90:Mukkuvar
18:Marikkar
3345:Shafi‘i
3264:Thangal
3193:General
3164:Nainars
3136:Labbais
2947:Scripts
2862:Sapuria
2736:Salmani
2711:Rohilla
2701:Rangrez
2696:Ramaiya
2646:Pathans
2621:Nalband
2596:Mujavir
2571:Manihar
2566:Malkana
2493:Kabaria
2436:Fareedi
2407:Dakhini
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2324:Baghban
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2255:Rowther
2222:Silawat
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2048:Gavandi
2008:Bhishti
2003:Baghban
1970:Pathans
1945:Banjara
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1828:Pinjara
1793:Baghban
1775:Vyapari
1715:Sanghar
1695:Pathans
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1600:Mandali
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1074:Rowther
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1064:Manihar
1059:Malkana
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759:page 80
388:Sister
366:Mother
355:Father
339:English
318:Mattapa
314:Sinhala
258:Mappila
238:Calicut
222:Zamorin
220:in the
218:Ponnani
205:Calicut
201:Zamorin
151:Myanmar
131:Shafi‘i
96:Origins
82:Paravar
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51:Kerala
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43:Muslim
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3141:Nahas
3027:Poets
2857:Patua
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2842:Lodha
2822:Kahar
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2807:Faqir
2802:Bedia
2792:Abdal
2686:Garha
2601:Muker
2581:Milki
2455:Ghosi
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1998:Attar
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1024:Ghosi
1019:Dhobi
974:Behna
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743:JSTOR
539:(PDF)
501:Tamil
483:Notes
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369:Amma
326:Aanam
306:Vappa
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118:Hindu
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