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which are inserted into a hole in the shaft bent at approximately 45 degrees to the shaft and hang loosely with a loop at the end to attach the hand strings, these are then moved by the fingers holding the main shaft. A tilt of the main upright controls the head and body with a fine nuance, This type of control is usually called the
British control. Another variation of the vertical control is found in Europe usually a rigid wire rod extends from the centre of the head upward and is fixed rigidly to the control, The leg bar is inserted through the main upright but pivots on a pin to allow movement of the legs.
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513:, who commented on her lasting interest in marionettes, "What then is the fascination of a life with marionettes? Is it the pleasure of performing? The appeal of mastering an 'instrument' to the point of virtuosity? The transformation of one's own self? For me, it is the process of empathizing with mind and soul, of feeling at one with music and movement that bring these much-loved creatures to life." The Salzburg Marionette Theatre performs mainly operas such as
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detachable clip usually holds the leg bar. This style of control is generally used in the US for human figures and is also known as the
American control. A similar control is almost universally used for quadruped animals; as it emulates the basic shape of the animal, rocking it from side to side will control the leg movements in unison. The Salzburg Marionette Theatre in Austria also uses a variant of this style for its human characters.
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140:. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. The attachment of the strings varies according to its character or purpose.
1083:
Czech rod marionettes are similar to
Sicilian ones though they are more complex. They are hand-carved, usually using lime wood. The marionettes have the central rod-like the Sicilian marionette but also have strings for the arms and legs. Sometimes they also use string to control a mouth or movable
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This control is a bar that is held in the hand in a horizontal plane. There can be numerous bars at right angles to the central bar, which in turn attach via wires to the hands, shoulders, back, etc. A smaller plate is usually hung under the main bar, and this carries the head strings; likewise, a
218:
Puppetry is an ancient form of performance. Some historians claim that they predate actors in theatre. There is evidence that they were used in Egypt as early as 2000 BC when string-operated figures of wood were manipulated to act kneading bread and other string-controlled objects. Wire-controlled,
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British marionettes are similar to German marionettes. The usual human form has nine strings — one string to each knee, hand and shoulder, two strings to the head and one string to the lower back. The control is usually the
British upright control with separate leg bar. Optional stringing includes
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This type of control is an upright bar that has various smaller bars inserted at right angles from which the head, shoulder, back etc. strings etc. are attached to. This control usually has a detachable leg bar that controls walking when held in the opposite hand. The arms are controlled by wires
313:
dolls, dated from around 500 BC, were found in children's tombs. These dolls had articulated arms and legs, some of which had an iron rod extending up from the tops of their heads. This rod was used to manipulate the doll from above, exactly as is done today in
Sicilian puppetry. A few of these
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This type of control has many strings attached to a rounded rectangular paddle with a short handle, all the strings are attached and hang from the outer edge of the paddle and are used by selecting each string with the opposite hand and pulling to control the figure which hangs below.
347:. These same tales are enacted in traditional puppet theatres featuring hand-made marionettes of wood, an art form called "L'Opera deî Pupi" ("Opera of the puppets") in Sicilian. The opera of the puppets and the Sicilian tradition of cantastorî (singers of tales) are rooted in the
687:. The Frisch Marionettes in Cincinnati were founded by Kevin Frisch, who has been considered one of the best stage marionette artists of his time. His manipulation and ability to transfer lifelike movement to the inanimate has been compared to the German master puppeteer,
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Sicilian marionettes are among the simplest marionettes to operate. They are usually carved out of wood and have a sturdy rod that extends up through the body into the head. This rod, and one string attached to the hand, controls the manipulation of the puppet.
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ears. These require more skilled manipulation. Czechs also have marionettes that have no central rod and strings that are attached to the head, shoulders, and back. These are the most difficult marionettes to manipulate due to the absence of the central rod.
471:, founded by Gren Middleton and Juliet Rogers, continues to perform using long string marionettes throughout the year. The barge is based in Little Venice, London during the winter months and tours to places such as Richmond Upon Thames during the summer.
127:
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with David
Syrotiak at its helm has developed some of the most artistically staged shows to grace the American stage. The Fratello Marionettes of Danville, California stage shows that are well crafted and display an almost Disney-esque quality. The
1168:
1065:
Pelham
Puppets are a commercially made British puppet who usually have seven strings that are attached to the legs, hands, head and back. The controls are usually a horizontal folding cross bar. Bob Pelham developed the British marionettes in 1947.
474:
In
Scotland, Dr Malcolm Knight has championed the art form and over the last 25 years, the Scottish Mask and Puppet Centre has acted as a catalyst, a lead agency, and as a resource centre for all those with an interest in mask and puppet theatre.
1117:(lit. miniatures) and are almost always performed in operas. A Burmese marionette troupe must have 27 characters, including a king, animals such as horse, elephant, tiger, monkey and parrot, ministers, prince and princess and buffoons A
1121:, a traditional Burmese orchestra usually provides the music. Burmese marionettes are very intricate and dexterous as they employ 18 (for male characters) or 19 (for female) wires, each puppet controlled only by one puppeteer.
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theatre in
Greenwich Village closed in 1987 but was a nationally recognized treasure that presented countless shows to families for over a decade, including their contribution to film and television with the famous
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puppets made of clay and ivory have been found in
Egyptian tombs. Marionette puppetry was used to display rituals and ceremonies using these string-operated figurines back in ancient times and is still used today.
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was a marionette play. It opened the theatre in 1961 and was revived for the 50th anniversary in 2011. The Norwich Puppet Theatre founded by Ray & Joan DaSilva sometimes presents marionette shows and the
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The movements of animals may be compared with those of automatic puppets, which are set going on the occasion of a tiny movement; the levers are released and strike the twisted strings against one another.
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Marionettes are sometimes referred to as "puppets", but the term "marionettes" is more precise, distinguishing them from other forms of puppetry, such as finger, glove, rod, and shadow puppetry.
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456:(built 1958) in Rhos on Sea, North Wales, Founded by Eric Bramall FRSA and continued by Chris Somerville. Other theatres that occasionally perform with marionettes are the
956:) used many puppets during their commission, notably a singing and dancing marionette called Lizzie Dreams, sometimes paired up with another marionette called Nick.
531:. The Salzburg Marionette Theatre productions are aimed at adults although children are welcome. There is also a marionette theatre at Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna.
294:
were presented using puppetry. The roots of European puppetry probably extend back to the Greek plays with puppets played to the "common people" in the 5th century
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who founded the Munich Marionette Theatre in Germany in 1855. Until 2012, the Salzburg Marionette Theatre was under the artistic direction of his granddaughter,
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since 1948 has produced theatrical adaptations of fairy tales and serious pieces. In 1953, it began producing television series with productions such as
982:. Matt Stone and Trey Parker dubbed their version "Supercrappymation" due to the fact they intentionally left the strings visible, among other reasons.
484:
147:
767:, using a marionette central character of the same name, ran for just over 40 years (1959–1999). Another program for children using puppetry was the
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In the United States, several groups have established permanent theatres or touring programs dedicated to spotlighting marionette performances. The
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in Dallas has recreated a traditional marionette theatre with puppeteer bridge and full stage productions. The theatre is open year-round. The
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724:
With the rise in popularity of television and film, marionettes found a rise in popularity, especially in children's programming. The story of
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dolls had strings in place of the rods. Some researchers believe these ancient figures were mere toys and not puppets due to their small size.
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introduced marionettes to children's television, with Howdy Doody (the main character) being a marionette, as well as some other characters.
402:
in Austria, the Salzburg Marionette Theatre continues the tradition of presenting full-length opera using marionettes in their own theatre.
327:, refers to the show-manager of theatrical performances (or a puppet-player), and also means literally "string-puller" or "string-holder".
542:. An important organisation is the National Marionette Theatre. Its repertoire mainly features a marionette production of Mozart's famous
1581:
800:
From the 1940s onward, the BBC in the United Kingdom, produced a wide series of marionette programmes for children and then created The
450:, “the only theatre in the country exclusively to be used for marionettes” at the time. The only purpose-built UK marionette theatre is
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are hand-carved, using wood, with a central rod and strings for the arms and legs. In France, the most famous puppet is the
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892:". The programs have been shown all around the world and are now widely distributed on DVD. Anderson also made two films,
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means "little Mary". During the Middle Ages, string puppets were often used in France to depict biblical events, with the
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have used marionettes to create a series of adverts based in an office and music videos use them regularly as metaphors.
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They have eight strings that are attached to the legs, hands, head, shoulders, and back. The controls are horizontal.
691:. Joseph Cashore has been touring the United States for over 30 years with a collection of self-designed marionettes.
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controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a
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1963:
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and Cora Eisenberg presented a great number of marionette shows for television, and were also responsible for the
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A BBC article explains how this craft saved Czech culture and language from being eradicated in favor of German.
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The sides of donkey carts are decorated with intricate, painted scenes from the Frankish romantic poems, such as
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888:. This allowed for radio control moving of the mouth of a marionettes. The technique was patented and called "
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in Los Angeles is now considered a historical landmark, presented a variety of cabaret marionette shows. The
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362:, in the first half of the 13th century. A great place to see this marionette art is the puppet theatres of
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title card. The card was not actually a card as the blocks turned to reveal the title one block at a time.
1251:, film production technique using marionettes that can electronically lip sync to a pre-recorded dialogue.
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In Australia, like in many other countries, there is a continuing tradition of marionette puppetry.
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Burmese marionettes are all string operated and are a popular art in Burma. Marionettes are called
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In the UK the renaissance of Marionettes during the late 19th and early 20th century was driven by
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1885:. Translated by Fan Pen Li Chen. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2017. p. 344.
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is an acknowledged master puppeteer and teacher of traditional Czech marionette-making skills.
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theatre in New York under the direction of Nick Coppola has been in operation since 1980. The
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namely Octavia Ostrich. More recently marionettes are starting to re-emerge on the TV screen,
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can refer to any kind of puppet, but elsewhere it typically refers only to string puppets.
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2071:"A Tale of Two Mice" by Sydney Delle Donne. App store page with description and samples
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A 2011 Documentary by Rogier van Beeck Calkoen about the Czech puppeteer Pavel Truhlar.
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Marionettes in action in an instore app "A Tale of Two Mice" by Sydney Delle Donne
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Also appearing in 2004 was the full-length, award-winning marionette fantasy film
761:. Bil Baird also wrote a classic book on his work. In Australia, a program called
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composed marionette operas and plays for his siblings' entertainment. Today in
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founded by John and Lyndie Wright in Islington, London, whose first-ever show
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in Atlanta develops and fosters marionette performers from across the globe.
1971:
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943:. John Cusack played a manipulator who referred to himself as a puppeteer.
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247:), which literally means "drawn by strings, string-pulling", from "νεῦρον" (
232:
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1995:
251:), meaning either "sinew, tendon, muscle, string", or "wire", and "σπάω" (
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In the 18th century, operas were specifically composed for marionettes.
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and the oldest written records of puppetry can be found in the works of
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738:), which was released in 1940, is a story about a marionette. In 1947,
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which uses a crude, naive, childlike style of Supermarionation as in
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Examples of different Czech marionettes according to their material
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Dubska, Alice; Novak, Jan; Malikova, Nina; Zdenkova, Marie (2006).
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were founded by George and Lucille Cole in Chicago circa 1934. The
411:
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
298:. By the 3rd century BC these plays would appear in the Theatre of
2017:
Online gallery and resource of marionettes from the Czech Republic
2016:
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Marionette in motion; the Püterschein system diagrammed, described
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1699:. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1035.
904:. During the 1970s in the UK TV series using marionettes include
2011:
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marionette theatre has a very long history in entertainment in
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30:
This article is about the type of puppet. For other uses, see
2039:
2034:
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Marionette from Tiller family marionette company, 1870s-1890s
1371:. London: New Burlington Books, Quintet Publishing Limited.
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from 1955 to 1964. They were usually shown under the title
205:
Ancient Greek terracotta puppet dolls, 5th–4th century BC,
89:
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featuring puppets Cassius Cuckoo and Leonardo de Funbird.
1456:. Richmond, Victoria, Australia: Richard Lee Publishing.
884:, which pioneered a technique combining marionettes and
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at the National Media Museum in Bradford, United Kingdom
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2006:
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Puppet controlled from above using wires or strings
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282:'s work also contains references to puppetry. The
1103:Traditional Burmese commander-in-chief marionette
605:a range of productions including the spectacular
2007:Virtual museum of the puppet and the marionette
1630:List of Ancient Greek words related to puppetry
1174:Children watching marionettes in New York, 1935
409:, Sicilian puppet theatre, was relisted on the
243:word translated as "puppet" is "νευρόσπαστος" (
1443:Robinson, Stuart; Robertson, Patricia (1967).
8:
1274:, puppetry using silhouettes of flat puppets
1138:A little theatre of marionettes, Italy, 1959
866:and colleagues made a number of hit series,
183:
170:
1369:An Introduction to Puppets and Puppetmaking
1325:. Puppetry imprints, handbook XII. Detroit.
937:Marionettes are featured in the 1999 film,
394:all composed adult operas for marionettes.
278:is known to have worked with marionettes.
261:(384–322 BC) discusses puppets in his work
179:being a popular character, hence the name.
2059:"Institut International de la Marionnette"
1477:. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
1358:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1335:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1782:"George Cole, Master Of Cole Marionettes"
1471:Suib, Leonard; Broadman, Muriel (1975).
1959:Burmese Culture: General and Particular
1497:
1128:
485:Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer
1865:"Cult - Gerry Anderson - Thunderbirds"
1632:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1616:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1600:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1584:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1351:
1328:
566:are just two works in the repertoire.
525:and a small number of ballets such as
435:British Puppet and Model Theatre Guild
239:, dating from the 5th century BC. The
207:National Archaeological Museum, Athens
1929:Janeksela, Jacklyn (21 August 2018).
1717:. Bath, UK. 2 August 1944. p. 1.
1227:, traditional Japanese puppet theatre
119:
7:
2051:"Portail des Arts de la Marionnette"
1883:Marionette Plays from Northern China
1525:. Cornell University Press. p.
1263:, best known as the theme music for
309:In ancient Greece and Rome clay and
1696:The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary
1447:. London: Mills & Boon Limited.
1344:Beaton, Mabel; Beaton, Les (1948).
505:. Aicher was heavily influenced by
44:Jean-Pierre Norblin de La Gourdaine
1428:. Brisbane Dramatic Arts Company.
998:A marionette was also used in the
720:, famous US television marionette.
438:. In 1936 Lanchester and his wife
25:
1729:"Scottish Mask and Puppet Centre"
1346:Marionettes: A Hobby for Everyone
1239:, Vietnamese traditional puppetry
793:Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons
780:A display of marionettes used in
597:are notable puppeteers. The late
552:("Cakes and Puppets") founded by
501:was founded in 1913 by Professor
378:as a child had seen marionettes.
1994:
1780:Heise, Kenan (21 October 1986).
1233:, traditional Afghan puppet show
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1131:
818:The various programmes included
432:, two of the co-founders of the
360:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
64:
1931:"Why Czechs don't speak German"
1517:Shershow, Scott Cutler (1995).
1311:. London: Studio Vista Limited.
755:sequence from the classic film
579:Marionette Theatre of Australia
1409:. London: Dover Publications.
1:
1755:"Phillip Edmiston Collection"
1662:, Thames & Hudson, 2005.
1521:Puppets and "popular" Culture
1407:The Complete Book of Puppetry
1390:. Prague: Theatre Institute.
1256:Funeral March of a Marionette
922:. Some marionettes appear in
907:The Adventures of Rupert Bear
803:BBC Television Puppet Theatre
603:Queensland Marionette Theatre
463:The Wild Night Of The Witches
444:Lanchester Marionette Theatre
653:Bob Baker Marionette Theater
453:The Harlequin Puppet Theatre
669:National Marionette Theater
499:Salzburg Marionette Theatre
32:Marionette (disambiguation)
2102:
2022:Czech marionettes workshop
1964:Sarpay Beikman Corporation
1679:Observations - Chapter One
1106:
1062:elbows, forehead or nose.
961:Team America: World Police
784:television series such as
334:
227:Puppetry was practiced in
211:
48:Les Marionettes polonaises
29:
1832:"The Cashore Marionettes"
1715:Bath Chronicle and Weekly
1317:Dwiggins, William Addison
1266:Alfred Hitchcock Presents
255:), meaning "draw, pull".
1647:On the Motion of Animals
1452:Sinclair, Anita (1995).
1405:Latshaw, George (2000).
964:is a 2004 movie made by
946:The BBC children's show
665:Le Theatre de Marionette
661:Center for Puppetry Arts
264:On the Motion of Animals
1634:A Greek-English Lexicon
1618:A Greek-English Lexicon
1602:A Greek-English Lexicon
1586:A Greek-English Lexicon
1367:Currell, David (1992).
448:Malvern, Worcestershire
156:A marionette in use in
52:National Museum, Warsaw
1759:Cabaret Puppet Theatre
1744:by Alice Dubska, p. 56
1307:Binyon, Helen (1966).
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993:Anders Rønnow Klarlund
858:. Later in the 1960s,
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480:Augsburger Puppenkiste
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2045:Nikolai Zykov Theatre
1906:Wright, John (1951).
1852:The Art of the Puppet
1711:"Marionettes Feature"
1507:by Helan Binyon, p.11
1454:The Puppetry Handbook
1424:Logan, David (2007).
1290:The Art of the Puppet
1102:
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716:
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622:is a marionette from
269:
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155:
42:
2040:Puppet Theatre Barge
2003:at Wikimedia Commons
1956:Khin Zaw, U (1981).
1742:Czech Puppet Theatre
1660:Puppetry and Puppets
1658:Blumenthal, Eileen,
1474:Marionettes Onstage!
1388:Czech Puppet Theatre
1186:Marionette in Prague
1006:The Shakespeare Code
940:Being John Malkovich
848:a series created by
589:(Smallpox Theatre),
583:Richard Bradshaw OAM
469:Puppet Theatre Barge
458:Little Angel Theatre
358:during the reign of
182:In France, the word
1811:www.puppetworks.org
895:Thunderbirds Are Go
695:Television and film
608:The Grand Adventure
601:performed with his
571:Norman Hetherington
1966:. pp. 14–28.
1445:Exploring Puppetry
1105:
809:Lime Grove Studios
798:
758:The Sound of Music
722:
711:
684:The Sound of Music
344:The Song of Roland
210:
162:
121:[maʁjɔnɛt]
56:
1999:Media related to
1892:978-1-4384-6483-1
1761:. Australia. 2019
1668:978-0-500-51226-5
1416:978-0-486-40952-8
1086:Miroslav Trejtnar
1012:Control bar types
815:Watch With Mother
770:Magic Circle Club
629:Cabotans d'Amiens
507:Count Franz Pocci
491:Urmel aus dem Eis
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16:(Redirected from
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782:Supermarionation
649:Cole Marionettes
599:Phillip Edmiston
577:(founder of the
497:In Austria, the
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430:Waldo Lanchester
317:The Indian word
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864:Sylvia Anderson
862:with his wife,
839:Muffin The Mule
753:Lonely Goatherd
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679:Lonely Goatherd
550:Buchty a Loutky
522:The Magic Flute
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991:, directed by
860:Gerry Anderson
827:The Woodentops
747:In the 1950s,
696:
693:
689:Albrecht Roser
591:David Hamilton
536:Czech Republic
528:The Nutcracker
516:Die Fledermaus
426:Harry Whanslaw
418:
417:Modern theatre
415:
371:
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337:Opera dei Pupi
335:Main article:
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229:Ancient Greece
212:Main article:
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2061:(in French).
2053:(in French).
2029:Thunderbirds
2028:
1975:. Retrieved
1958:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1907:
1901:
1882:
1877:
1859:
1854:by Bil Baird
1851:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
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1789:. Retrieved
1785:
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1763:. Retrieved
1758:
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1585:
1582:νευρόσπαστος
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1119:hsaing waing
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1017:Asian paddle
999:
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881:Thunderbirds
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869:Fireball XL5
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813:
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799:
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785:
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764:Mr. Squiggle
762:
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732:adaptation (
723:
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587:David Splatt
568:
563:
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545:Don Giovanni
543:
533:
526:
520:
514:
511:Gretl Aicher
503:Anton Aicher
496:
489:
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477:
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423:
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342:
340:
322:
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283:
274:
270:
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257:
252:
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245:nevróspastos
244:
226:
217:
181:
168:
138:marionettist
137:
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2035:Scott Radke
2001:Marionettes
1816:7 September
1645:Aristotle,
1549:Herodotus,
1348:. New York.
1272:Shadow play
976:Trey Parker
886:electronics
741:Howdy Doody
718:Howdy Doody
681:scene from
657:Puppetworks
640:created in
638:hand puppet
636:which is a
554:Marek Bečka
442:opened the
221:articulated
185:marionnette
177:Virgin Mary
172:marionnette
169:In French,
117:marionnette
18:Marionettes
1977:9 November
1962:. Yangon:
1935:BBC Travel
1916:B01IPYU7YG
1869:BBC Online
1571:on Perseus
1565:Xenophon,
1555:on Perseus
1493:References
1286:Baird, Bil
1026:Horizontal
1001:Doctor Who
972:Matt Stone
967:South Park
855:Andy Pandy
706:Andy Pandy
366:, Sicily.
352:troubadour
319:sutradhara
276:Archimedes
60:marionette
1941:13 August
1649:, 350 BC.
1567:Symposium
1354:cite book
1331:cite book
1292:. Plays.
1004:episode "
970:creators
931:Coca-Cola
821:Whirligig
806:based in
749:Bil Baird
735:Pinocchio
726:Pinocchio
703:The 1952
674:Bil Baird
644:in 1808.
413:in 2008.
349:Provençal
304:Acropolis
259:Aristotle
233:Herodotus
197:Antiquity
165:Etymology
2086:Puppetry
2080:Category
1972:31011080
1693:(1993).
1569:, 4.55,
1553:, 2.48,
1426:Puppetry
1319:(1939).
1288:(1966).
1219:See also
1211:Calabash
1115:Yoke thé
1109:Yoke thé
1070:Sicilian
1035:Vertical
953:Playdays
875:Stingray
728:and its
559:Rocky IX
400:Salzburg
392:Respighi
388:de Falla
300:Dionysus
288:and the
237:Xenophon
214:Puppetry
1837:21 July
1791:26 July
1231:Buz-baz
1225:Bunraku
1125:Gallery
1095:Burmese
1057:British
988:Strings
950:(later
948:Playbus
925:Pipkins
845:Rubovia
634:Guignol
620:Lafleur
616:Picardy
534:In the
364:Palermo
321:, from
302:at the
291:Odyssey
192:History
132:) is a
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1666:
1598:νεῦρον
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1049:German
1044:Styles
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730:Disney
626:. The
624:Amiens
540:Prague
440:Muriel
376:Mozart
356:Sicily
331:Sicily
249:nevron
160:, 2018
134:puppet
113:French
105:-ee-ə-
1079:Czech
573:OAM,
564:Tibet
384:Haydn
380:Gluck
370:Opera
324:sutra
311:ivory
285:Iliad
280:Plato
241:Greek
158:Japan
1979:2018
1968:OCLC
1943:2021
1937:. UK
1912:ASIN
1887:ISBN
1839:2018
1818:2016
1793:2018
1767:2019
1664:ISBN
1614:σπάω
1531:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1430:ISBN
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1392:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1360:link
1337:link
1294:ISBN
974:and
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898:and
878:and
852:and
790:and
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593:and
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