1010:, with its indirect impacts as disturbance, increasing fleeing distances and resulting reduction of effective habitat size, is by far the most important factor threatening the survival of the markhor populations. The most important types of poachers seem to be local inhabitants, state border guards, the latter usually relying on local hunting guides, and Afghans, illegally crossing the border. Poaching causes fragmentation of the population into small islands where the remaining subpopulations are prone to extinction. The markhor is a valued trophy hunting prize for its spiral horns. The Pakistani government issued several tags in an attempt to save the species, which since the introduction of hunting the species has seen a remarkable rebound. The continuing declines of markhor populations finally caught the attention of the international community.
495:
adult females making up 32% and kids making up 31%. Adult males comprise 19% of the population, while subadults (males aged 2–3 years) make up 12%, and yearlings (females aged 12–24 months) 9%. Their alarm call closely resembles the bleating of domestic goats. Early in the season the males and females may be found together on the open grassy patches and clear slopes among the forest. During the summer, the males remain in the forest, while the females generally climb to the highest rocky ridges above. In the spring, the females stay closer to cliffs in areas with more rock coverage to provide protection for their offspring. The males stay in higher elevated areas with more access to vegetation for foraging so as to improve their body's condition.
1095:. Although markhors still face ongoing threats, recent studies have shown considerable success with regards to the conservation approach. The approach began in the 1900s when a local hunter was convinced by a hunting tourist to stop poaching markhors. The local hunter established a conservancy that inspired two other local organizations called Morkhur and Muhofiz. The two organizations expect that their conversations will not only protect, but allow them to sustainably exploit the markhor species. This approach has been effective compared to the protection of lands that lack enforcement and security. In India, the markhor is a fully protected (Schedule I) species under Jammu and Kashmir's Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1978.
432:
40:
555:
1019:
423:, with males having longer hair on the chin, throat, chest and shanks. Females are redder in colour, with shorter hair, a short black beard, and are maneless. Both sexes have tightly curled, corkscrew-like horns, which close together at the head, but spread upwards toward the tips. The horns of males can grow up to 160 cm (63 in) long, and up to 25 cm (10 in) in females. The males have a pungent smell, which surpasses that of the domestic goat.
109:
940:. Evidence for markhors crossbreeding with domestic goats has been found. One study suggested that 35.7% of captive markhors in the analysis (ranging from three different zoos) had mitochondrial DNA from domestic goats. Other authors have suggested that markhor may have been the ancestor of some Egyptian goat breeds, based on their similar horns, though the lack of an anterior keel on the horns of the markhor belies any close relationship. The
1054:. In Pakistan, hunting markhor is legal as part of a conservation process: expensive hunting licenses are available from the Pakistani government that allow the hunting of old markhors, which are no longer good for breeding purposes. In India, it is illegal to hunt markhor but they are poached for food and for their horns, which are thought to have medicinal properties. Markhor have also been successfully introduced to private game ranches in
563:
67:
263:
1091:
reservations were established. The
Dashtijum Strict Reserve (also called the Zapovednik in Russian) offers markhor protect across 20,000 ha. The Dashtijum Reserve (called the Zakasnik in Russian) covers 53,000 ha. Though these reserves exist to protect and conserve the markhor population, the regulations are poorly enforced making poaching common as well as
655:, which has heavy, flat horns, twisted like a corkscrew. The Astor markhor also has a tendency to sexually segregate outside the mating season because of multiple different mechanisms. The females are usually confined to cliffs with less forage coverage, while the males live in areas with a lot more forage coverage.
494:
lasts 135–170 days, and usually results in the birth of one or two kids, and occasionally three. Markhor live in herds, usually numbering nine animals, composed of adult females and their young. Adult males are largely solitary. Adult females and kids comprise most of the markhor population, with
1090:
species, because of its relatively small population (2013 estimate: ~5,800 individuals), the absence of a projected total population decline, and its reliance on ongoing conservation efforts to maintain population levels. There are reservations in
Tajikistan to protect the markhors. In 1973, two
997:
Fecal samples taken from markhor and domestic goats indicate that there is a serious level of competition for food between the two species. The competition for food between herbivores is believed to have significantly reduced the standing crop of forage in the
Himalaya–Karkoram–Hindukush ranges.
385:, referencing the ancient belief that the markhor would actively kill and consume snakes. This regional myth is believed to stem from the "snake-like" form of the male markhor's horns, twisting and curling like a snake, possibly leading ancient peoples to associate them with snakes.
400:
Markhor stand 65 to 115 centimetres (26 to 45 in) at the shoulder, are 132 to 186 centimetres (52 to 73 in) long and weigh from 32 to 110 kilograms (71 to 243 lb). They have the highest maximum shoulder height among the species in the genus
1856:
M Menrad; C.-H Stier; H Geldermann; C.F. Gall (2002). "A study on the
Changthangi pashmina and the Bakerwali goat breeds in Kashmir: I. Analysis of blood protein polymorphisms and genetic variability within and between the populations".
844:
Peninsula of northern
Afghanistan near the border with Tajikistan. Before 1979, almost nothing was known of this subspecies or its distribution in Afghanistan, and no new information has been established in Afghanistan since that time.
998:
Domestic livestock have an advantage over wild herbivores since the density of their herds often pushes their competitors out of the best grazing areas, and decreased forage availability has a negative effect on female fertility.
1083:
682:) on the Jammu–Srinagar highway westward to the disputed border with Pakistan. Recent surveys indicate it still occurs in catchments of the Limber and Lachipora Rivers in the Jhelum Valley Forest Division, and around
1193:, a foam-like substance comes out of its mouth that drops on the ground and dries. This foam-like substance is sought after by the local people, who believe it is useful in extracting the poison from snakebites.
1708:
Ahmad, R., Sharma, N., Mishra, C., Singh, N. J., Rawat, G. S., & Bhatnagar, Y. V. (2018). Security, size, or sociality: what makes markhor (Capra falconeri) sexually segregate?. Journal of
Mammalogy, 99(1),
1502:
2034:
The rifle in
Cashmere: a narrative of shooting expeditions in Ladak, Cashmere, Punjaub, etc., with advice on travelling, shooting, and stalking : to which are added notes on army reform and Indian
1030:, markhor were considered to be among the most challenging game species, because of the danger involved in stalking and pursuing them in high, mountainous terrain. According to Arthur Brinckman in his
1467:"NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MAMMALIA OF INDIA AND CEYLON" by Robert A. Sterndale, published by CALCUTTA: THACKER, SPINK, AND CO., BOMBAY: THACKER AND CO., LIMITED., LONDON: W. THACKER AND CO. 1884
587:
Multiple subspecies have been recognized, often based on horn configuration, but it has been shown that this can vary greatly even within the same population confined to one mountain range.
6710:
1042:
wrote of how he shot two markhor in 1881, his first on 8 July, his second on 1 August. Although it is illegal to hunt markhor in
Afghanistan, they have been traditionally hunted in
1186:, "-eater"), interpreted to represent the animal's alleged ability to kill snakes, or as a reference to its corkscrew-like horns, which are somewhat reminiscent of coiling snakes.
7056:
1531:
699:
7214:
7121:
442:
Markhor are adapted to mountainous terrain, and can be found between 600 and 3,600 m (2,000 and 11,800 ft) in elevation. They typically inhabit
6703:
1779:
Hammer, Sabine (2008). "Evidence for introgressive hybridization of captive markhor (Capra falconeri) with domestic goat: cautions for reintroduction".
1323:
730:
and the border areas with
Afghanistan, where it inhabits a number of valleys along the Kunar River (Chitral District), from Arandu on the west bank and
770:
to
Tajikistan, two to three scattered populations now occur in a greatly reduced distribution. It is limited to the region between lower Pyanj and the
1991:"Chapter 4: The Precautionary Principle, Uncertainty And Trophy Hunting: A Review Of The Torghar Population Of Central Asian Markhor Capra Falconeri"
7030:
888:, after having been driven from its original habitat by intensive poaching. In Pakistan, its present range consists only of small isolated areas in
7069:
2267:
1403:
1051:
884:, and in some isolated pockets in between. It now lives the most inaccessible regions of its once wider range in the mountains of Kapissa and
7239:
6696:
2072:
1727:
1686:
1236:
1006:
Hunting for meat as a means of subsistence or trade in wildlife parts adds to the growing problem for wildlife managers in many countries.
1615:
647:
The Astor markhor has large, flat horns, branching widely and then going up nearly straight with only a half turn. It is synonymous with
1586:
671:
7244:
2162:
1138:
474:, and are mainly active in the early morning and late afternoon. Their diets shift seasonally: in the spring and summer periods they
2148:
2019:
1833:
1587:"Dietary spectrum in Himalayan wolves: comparative analysis of prey choice in conspecifics across high-elevation rangelands of Asia"
546:. Markhor are very aware of their surroundings and on high alert; in exposed areas, they are quick to spot and flee from predators.
431:
39:
7095:
904:
and Sheikh Buddin were still inhabited by the subspecies. At least 100 animals are thought to live on the Pakistani side of the
7224:
1753:
542:) has been reported to prey upon young markhor. The markhor possess keen eyesight and a strong sense of smell to detect nearby
389:
7113:
991:
7074:
1421:
2619:
1645:"Beschreibung einiger neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere, welche von Herrn Baron von Hügel in Indien gesammelt wurden"
1481:
Shooting in the Himalayas: a journal of sporting adventures and travel in Chinese Tartary, Ladac, Thibet, Cashmere, &c
1973:"CONSERVATION OF TAJIK MARKHOR (Capra falconeri heptneri) AND URIAL (Ovis vignei) IN TAJIKISTAN AND ADJACENT AFGHANISTAN"
7234:
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483:
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1823:
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1972:
1214:
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2260:
1112:
897:
7126:
2095:
5665:
2610:
2601:
1918:
1351:
Semantics and Syntax: Indian Loan Words in English : a Linguistic, Cultural, Literary & Historical Study
436:
554:
7229:
6751:
6741:
893:
5452:
1078:, however, markhor have not escaped in sufficient numbers to establish free-range wild populations in Texas.
108:
6101:
5614:
5494:
3390:
3050:
2531:
2154:
1896:
1440:
1210:
658:
Within Afghanistan, the Astor markhor is limited to the east in the high and mountainous monsoon forests of
1644:
7219:
6973:
6908:
3152:
2858:
2777:
1133:
889:
812:
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3557:
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2253:
739:
581:
240:
223:
6302:
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7017:
6955:
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6375:
6366:
6311:
5936:
5900:
5873:
5281:
5272:
4717:
4708:
3074:
2933:
2876:
2822:
1379:"Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 May 2024 | 78/278. International Day of the Markhor"
479:
1400:
781:
6829:
6778:
6555:
6257:
6248:
5996:
5864:
5837:
5773:
5434:
5314:
5263:
2942:
2849:
2440:
1171:
1092:
1039:
475:
56:
2039:
1378:
1301:
6642:
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5927:
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4246:
3965:
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2679:
2661:
2540:
2233:
1936:
1804:
1444:
987:
873:
420:
103:
7165:
6005:
5945:
5909:
5855:
5828:
5819:
5443:
5425:
5359:
2240:
7061:
877:
7147:
7004:
6888:
6275:
6266:
5954:
5882:
5810:
5641:
5623:
5476:
4426:
3821:
3812:
3664:
3566:
3345:
3312:
3255:
3125:
2652:
2513:
2158:
2068:
2015:
1829:
1796:
1723:
1719:
1682:
1626:
1242:
1232:
1739:
881:
7152:
6880:
6821:
6746:
6669:
6423:
6414:
6293:
6134:
6125:
5918:
5590:
5581:
5529:
5520:
5368:
5341:
5254:
5034:
4642:
4068:
4059:
4049:
4022:
3743:
3612:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2577:
2568:
2504:
2431:
2422:
1948:
1866:
1788:
1565:
1521:
1436:
1296:
1226:
1189:
In folklore the markhor is believed to kill and eat serpents. Thereafter, while chewing the
1151:
1047:
1018:
659:
631:
601:
491:
382:
289:
7186:
1466:
562:
7134:
7087:
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6390:
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6329:
6110:
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4031:
3083:
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2831:
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2522:
2495:
2486:
1922:
1407:
1104:
1087:
953:
913:
909:
841:
723:
698:(Chitral) River and its tributaries. Along the Indus, it inhabits both banks from Jalkot (
621:
577:
567:
378:
358:
351:
71:
1162:
6960:
2032:
758:) formerly lived in most of the mountains stretching along the north banks of the Upper
734:
on the east bank, up to Shoghor along the Lutkho River, and as far as Barenis along the
6813:
6786:
6599:
6537:
6167:
6158:
5683:
5632:
5553:
5544:
5485:
5323:
5025:
4847:
4838:
4393:
4360:
4342:
3830:
3640:
3515:
3354:
2342:
2314:
933:
885:
862:
674:. Throughout this range, Astor markhor populations are scattered, starting east of the
519:
487:
1990:
1870:
1548:
Ahmad, R.; Sharma, N.; Mishra, C.; Singh, N. J.; Rawat, G.S.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2017).
7208:
7082:
6872:
6864:
6794:
6733:
6224:
6206:
6092:
6029:
6020:
5079:
4814:
4787:
4558:
4468:
4459:
4444:
4309:
4273:
4228:
4165:
4156:
3673:
3631:
3524:
3490:
3480:
3381:
3363:
3026:
2975:
2885:
2449:
2125:
1501:
Michel, S.; Michel, T.; Saidov, A.; Karimov, K.; Alidodov, M.; Kholmatov, I. (2014).
1448:
1287:
1222:
1035:
1027:
961:
925:
854:
611:
591:
503:
411:. The coat is of a grizzled, light brown to black colour, and is smooth and short in
408:
403:
347:
313:
200:
76:
22:
2120:
1883:
1278:
6845:
6618:
6587:
6477:
6149:
5963:
5891:
5764:
5707:
5698:
5416:
5350:
5112:
5070:
4985:
4796:
4516:
4507:
4369:
4300:
4189:
4180:
3922:
3691:
3372:
3327:
3294:
3065:
2957:
2924:
2840:
1808:
924:
Certain authors have postulated that the markhor is the ancestor of some breeds of
771:
767:
735:
719:
715:
707:
679:
535:
511:
327:
262:
48:
7009:
1649:
Gelehrte Anzeigen der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München
2062:
1937:"Competition for food between the markhor and domestic goat in Chitral, Pakistan"
1676:
7178:
7100:
7043:
6940:
6239:
5987:
5149:
5103:
5094:
5043:
4995:
4856:
4698:
4291:
4282:
4110:
3904:
3895:
3885:
3779:
3622:
3432:
3423:
3336:
3179:
3101:
2984:
2909:
2900:
2277:
2197:
1901:
1364:
1116:
941:
929:
711:
695:
691:
339:
160:
6688:
932:
has been regarded by some as a direct descendant of the Central Asian markhor.
5846:
5746:
5571:
5163:
4585:
4567:
4318:
4013:
3998:
3989:
3956:
3733:
3539:
3456:
3447:
3222:
3213:
3092:
3017:
2558:
2379:
2245:
2227:
1792:
1526:
973:
763:
667:
527:
471:
323:
6931:
1720:
Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives
1570:
1549:
827:
814:
796:
783:
726:), though this is unconfirmed. The flare-horned markhor is also found around
482:
in winter, sometimes standing on their hind legs to reach high branches. The
6546:
6467:
6320:
6191:
6182:
5656:
5230:
5221:
5206:
5197:
5061:
4633:
4417:
4351:
4237:
3752:
3548:
3237:
3161:
3041:
2592:
2477:
2467:
2361:
2352:
2012:
Hindu-Koh: Wanderings and Wild Sport on and Beyond the Himalayas (1853–1854)
1246:
1130:
1075:
1063:
976:
937:
905:
759:
703:
543:
443:
343:
335:
120:
6513:
1800:
1324:"American hunter pays $ 100,000 to kill rare Himalayan 'screw-horned' goat"
1665:
Damm & Franco, CIC Caprinae Atlas of the World, CIC/Rowland Ward, 2014
7139:
6983:
6925:
6455:
6083:
5755:
5467:
5305:
5245:
4910:
4609:
4141:
4086:
3974:
3803:
3279:
3270:
3246:
3134:
3008:
2758:
2634:
2330:
2308:
2296:
1108:
1043:
1007:
979:
687:
683:
663:
486:
is during winter, when the males fight each other by lunging, locking of
331:
180:
140:
2185:
1084:
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
7035:
6660:
6495:
6356:
6215:
5605:
5392:
5383:
5296:
5182:
5173:
5145:
4901:
4805:
4769:
4684:
4680:
4651:
4576:
4137:
4098:
3682:
3599:
3505:
2768:
2718:
2413:
1953:
1125:
1034:, "a man who is a good walker will never wish for any finer sport than
965:
809:), and in the Kugitangtau Range in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (around
727:
675:
463:
190:
170:
1915:
7048:
6968:
6504:
6073:
5978:
5801:
5791:
5407:
4919:
4759:
4741:
4732:
4618:
4540:
4492:
4483:
3941:
3932:
3867:
3858:
3848:
3770:
3303:
3116:
2966:
2302:
2290:
1120:
1067:
1059:
957:
945:
901:
775:
416:
412:
150:
130:
6902:
2014:
by Donald Macintyre, published by Asian Educational Services, 1996,
936:
postulated that modern goats arose from crossbreeding markhor with
7173:
6528:
6486:
6061:
5731:
5722:
5016:
4943:
4934:
4865:
4594:
4549:
4408:
4333:
4213:
4204:
3715:
3706:
3198:
3189:
2398:
2389:
1620:) in the northern parts of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan"
1167:
1055:
1017:
983:
969:
949:
872:
Until 1978, the Kabul markhor survived in Afghanistan only in the
731:
561:
553:
430:
93:
87:
1228:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
6759:
5674:
5004:
4892:
4874:
4531:
4384:
3788:
3655:
3471:
2745:
2706:
2229:
Himalayan Lynx Filmed Hunting Markhor in Pakistan for First Time
1989:
Rosser, Naseer; Nigel; Alison M., Tareen & Leader-Williams.
1071:
455:
319:
7022:
6906:
6692:
6584:
6452:
6058:
5141:
4676:
4133:
3595:
2741:
2327:
2249:
6284:
4883:
4829:
3761:
3143:
1190:
666:. In India, this subspecies is restricted to a portion of the
584:
in 1839 based on a female specimen from the Indian Himalayas.
447:
1231:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 701.
419:. The fur of the lower legs is black and white. Markhor are
304:
298:
861:) has horns with a slight corkscrew, as well as a twist. A
1722:. — Princeton University Press. — Pp. 320—325. — 664 p. —
1401:"Capra falconeri" Markhor, An Ultimate Ungulate fact sheet
900:). The KPK Forest Department considered that the areas of
392:
declared 24 May as the International Day of the Markhor.
1769:
by Charles Darwin, Publisher O. Judd & company, 1868
1767:
The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
1441:
10.1644/1545-1410(2001)675<0001:CS>2.0.CO;2
1113:
World Wide Fund for Nature Conservation Coin Collection
1754:
Angora goat ... : and, A paper on the ostrich ...
1469:. Gutenberg.org (2006-10-16). Retrieved on 2011-07-10.
960:
is thought to have been bred from markhor, as is the
718:. It has been said to occur on the right side of the
490:, and attempting to push each other off balance. The
301:
1050:
Provinces, and this may have intensified during the
6915:
6857:
6806:
6771:
6726:
6659:
6631:
6607:
6598:
6526:
6475:
6466:
6412:
6388:
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6355:
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6180:
6147:
6123:
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6018:
5976:
5799:
5790:
5744:
5720:
5696:
5654:
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5579:
5570:
5542:
5518:
5511:
5465:
5405:
5381:
5294:
5243:
5219:
5195:
5171:
5162:
5092:
4993:
4984:
4956:
4932:
4827:
4767:
4758:
4730:
4706:
4697:
4631:
4607:
4529:
4505:
4481:
4457:
4406:
4382:
4331:
4226:
4202:
4178:
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4109:
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4057:
4048:
4011:
3987:
3954:
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3732:
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3211:
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2705:
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2557:
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2466:
2411:
2387:
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2350:
2341:
1678:
The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet
1550:"Security, size, or sociality: what makes markhor (
295:
292:
1740:The Angora goat: its origin, culture and products
1585:Lyngdoh, S. B.; Habib, B.; Shrotriya, S. (2019).
1897:"Between a rock and a goat's place in Waterford"
1410:. Ultimateungulate.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-10.
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1111:. It was one of the 72 animals featured on the
738:. The largest population is currently found in
690:, the Astor markhor there is restricted to the
407:, but is surpassed in length and weight by the
1886:. Capragirgentana.it. Retrieved on 2011-07-10.
706:), with Gakuch being its western limit up the
6704:
2261:
1302:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T3787A82028427.en
1175:
1155:
840:). This subspecies may possibly exist in the
534:) are the main predators of the markhor. The
8:
1420:Fedosenko, A. K. & Blank, D. A. (2001).
1966:
1964:
1507:in Tajikistan: challenges for conservation"
1462:
1460:
1458:
1277:Michel, S. & Rosen Michel, T. (2016) .
1129:. The markhor has also been mentioned in a
892:, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province and in
361:of Pakistan, where it is also known as the
6903:
6711:
6697:
6689:
6604:
6595:
6581:
6472:
6463:
6449:
6361:
6078:
6069:
6055:
5796:
5576:
5515:
5168:
5159:
5138:
4990:
4764:
4703:
4694:
4673:
4151:
4130:
4054:
3927:
3890:
3853:
3738:
3617:
3608:
3592:
3184:
2763:
2754:
2738:
2563:
2472:
2384:
2347:
2338:
2324:
2268:
2254:
2246:
377:), meaning "snake-eater", comes from both
374:
261:
65:
38:
29:
2121:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
2061:Theodore Roosevelt IV (27 October 2008).
1952:
1925:. Llandudno.com. Retrieved on 2011-07-10.
1825:A natural history of domesticated mammals
1569:
1525:
1300:
1503:"Population status of Heptner's markhor
1916:The Great Orem in Llandudno North Wales
1202:
1150:The name is thought to be derived from
702:) upstream to near the Tungas village (
694:and its tributaries, as well as to the
2236:from the original on 22 December 2021.
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1086:currently classifies the markhor as a
986:are derived from a herd maintained at
415:, while growing longer and thicker in
7215:IUCN Red List near threatened species
2186:https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7955106/
2115:
2113:
1616:"Conservation and status of Markhor (
972:herd of about 200 individuals on the
566:Bukharan markhor in captivity at the
7:
2126:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1288:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
920:Relationship with the domestic goat
2098:. dailytimes.com.pk. 31 March 2006
1365:"International Day of the Markhor"
1139:Allahyar and the Legend of Markhor
714:, and the Parishing Valley up the
14:
1993:. Points of View Reference Center
1353:. Prakash Book Depot. p. 83.
952:may derive from the markhor. The
750:Although the Bukharan markhor or
47:Male markhor in captivity at the
2241:Markhor Pakistan National Animal
2232:(Motion picture). WWF Pakistan.
288:
107:
2620:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
2096:"A $ 55,000 wild Markhor chase"
390:United Nations General Assembly
3409:Central American red brocket (
1828:. Cambridge University Press.
1681:. Asian Educational Services.
1:
1871:10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00265-6
1822:Juliet Clutton-Brock (1999).
686:to the south of Srinagar. In
649:Capra falconeri cashmiriensis
446:forests made up primarily of
21:For the village in Iran, see
7240:National symbols of Pakistan
6720:National symbols of Pakistan
4116:Large subfamily listed below
4104:Large subfamily listed below
4092:Large subfamily listed below
2202:Museo de la Caza Los Yebenes
2147:Taus-Bolstad, Stacy (2003).
1757:London : Longmans, 1898
270:Distribution of the markhor
2611:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2602:Indian spotted chevrotain (
1176:
1156:
574:Aegoceros (Capra) Falconeri
7261:
2155:Twenty-First Century Books
1941:Turkish Journal of Zoology
1479:Frederick Markham (1854).
678:Pass (50 km from the
435:Female with young, at the
20:
7245:Mammals described in 1839
6594:
6580:
6547:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
6538:Domestic Bactrian camel (
6462:
6448:
6102:North Sulawesi babirusa (
6068:
6054:
5158:
5137:
4693:
4672:
4150:
4129:
3607:
3591:
3391:Amazonian brown brocket (
2753:
2737:
2724:Large family listed below
2712:Large family listed below
2689:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2337:
2323:
2285:
2038:. Smith, Elder. pp.
2031:Arthur Brinckman (1862).
1793:10.1007/s10528-008-9145-y
1675:Richard Lydekker (1900).
1527:10.1017/s0030605313000860
1181:
1161:
859:Capra falconeri megaceros
558:Markhor in a Japanese zoo
437:Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
269:
260:
253:
248:
229:
222:
104:Scientific classification
102:
85:
63:
54:
46:
37:
32:
6752:Faith, Unity, Discipline
6742:State emblem of Pakistan
4788:Domestic water buffalo (
3153:Central Asian red deer (
2778:Bornean yellow muntjac (
1751:Olive Schreiner (1898).
1738:John Lord Hayes (1868).
1505:Capra falconeri heptneri
894:Dera Ghazi Khan District
756:Capra falconeri heptneri
5666:Bates' pygmy antelope (
5453:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3558:Yucatan brown brocket (
2787:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2671:Philippine mouse-deer (
2226:Mueenuddin, N. (2020).
1859:Small Ruminant Research
1119:are used in the Afghan
1038:or markhoor shooting".
867:Capra falconeri jerdoni
7225:Fauna of the Himalayas
6798:(Mother of the Nation)
6782:(Father of the Nation)
6376:White-lipped peccary (
6312:Philippine warty pig (
5937:Yellow-backed duiker (
5901:Black-fronted duiker (
5874:White-bellied duiker (
5495:Przewalski's gazelle (
4718:Four-horned antelope (
3516:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
3075:Visayan spotted deer (
2934:European fallow deer (
2877:Northern red muntjac (
2823:Southern red muntjac (
1718:Castello J. R. (2016)
1571:10.1093/jmammal/gyx155
1554:) sexually segregate?"
1349:Sharma, S. D. (1990).
1225:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1134:computer-animated film
1023:
670:range in southwestern
570:
559:
439:
346:. It is listed on the
7161:Paleobiology Database
6556:Wild Bactrian camel (
6258:Bornean bearded pig (
6249:Palawan bearded pig (
5838:White-legged duiker (
5264:Red-fronted gazelle (
2943:Persian fallow deer (
2859:Roosevelt's muntjac (
2532:Himalayan musk deer (
2441:Reticulated giraffe (
2064:Hunting in Many Lands
1643:Wagner, J.A. (1839).
1032:The Rifle in Cashmere
1021:
740:Chitral National Park
582:Johann Andreas Wagner
565:
557:
434:
427:Behaviour and ecology
6643:Pygmy hippopotamus (
6303:Oliver's warty pig (
5928:Red-flanked duiker (
5333:Erlanger's gazelle (
5053:Harnessed bushbuck (
4779:Wild water buffalo (
4256:East Caucasian tur (
4247:West Caucasian tur (
3400:Little red brocket (
2868:Truong Son muntjac (
2680:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2662:Greater mouse-deer (
2541:Siberian musk deer (
2150:Pakistan in Pictures
1781:Biochemical Genetics
1632:on 29 December 2010.
1558:Journal of Mammalogy
1295:: e.T3787A97218336.
908:range (Districts of
778:in Tajikistan (near
322:) species native to
7235:Mammals of Pakistan
6830:Jasminum officinale
6779:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
6763:(national language)
6276:Celebes warty pig (
6267:Visayan warty pig (
5883:Red forest duiker (
5615:Günther's dik-dik (
5477:Mongolian gazelle (
5282:Heuglin's gazelle (
5273:Thomson's gazelle (
4427:Long-tailed goral (
3822:Mountain reedbuck (
3813:Southern reedbuck (
3665:East African oryx (
3567:White-tailed deer (
3346:Small red brocket (
3313:South Andean deer (
3256:Siberian roe deer (
3247:European roe deer (
3084:Philippine sambar (
3051:Père David's deer (
2653:Lesser mouse-deer (
2514:Kashmir musk deer (
1935:Ashraf, N. (2014).
1884:La Capra Girgentana
1154:— a conjunction of
1103:The markhor is the
1093:habitat destruction
824: /
793: /
626:C. f. cashmiriensis
594:or Astore markhor (
468:Juniperus macropoda
388:On 2 May 2024, the
357:The markhor is the
57:Conservation status
6424:Collared peccary (
6294:Flores warty pig (
6135:Giant forest hog (
5997:Maxwell's duiker (
5919:Ruwenzori duiker (
5865:Jentink's duiker (
5774:Sharpe's grysbok (
5530:Tibetan antelope (
5435:Bright's gazelle (
5369:Goitered gazelle (
5342:Mountain gazelle (
5315:Cuvier's gazelle (
5255:Mongalla gazelle (
4643:Pyrenean chamois (
4069:Tibetan antelope (
4023:Black wildebeest (
2850:Reeves's muntjac (
2814:Sumatran muntjac (
2805:Gongshan muntjac (
2578:Water chevrotain (
2505:Alpine musk deer (
2432:Southern giraffe (
2423:Northern giraffe (
1954:10.3906/zoo-1306-6
1921:2010-09-08 at the
1406:2007-12-20 at the
1174:") and the suffix
1052:War in Afghanistan
1024:
988:Windsor Great Park
653:Pir Panjal markhor
571:
560:
524:Canis lupus chanco
440:
421:sexually dimorphic
7202:
7201:
7148:Open Tree of Life
6909:Taxon identifiers
6900:
6899:
6889:Pakistan Monument
6849:(national animal)
6841:(national animal)
6833:(national flower)
6737:(national anthem)
6686:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6655:
6654:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6400:Chacoan peccary (
6351:
6350:
6339:Javan warty pig (
6330:Timor warty pig (
6137:H. meinertzhageni
6111:Togian babirusa (
6050:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6042:
6041:
6006:Walter's duiker (
5946:Abbott's duiker (
5910:Ogilby's duiker (
5856:Harvey's duiker (
5820:Brooke's duiker (
5786:
5785:
5566:
5565:
5507:
5506:
5444:Peter's gazelle (
5426:Grant's gazelle (
5360:Speke's gazelle (
5133:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5010:
4980:
4979:
4968:African buffalo (
4799:B. depressicornis
4754:
4753:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4436:Himalayan goral (
4258:C. cylindricornis
4125:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4081:
4080:
4044:
4043:
4032:Blue wildebeest (
3966:Common tsessebe (
3917:
3916:
3880:
3879:
3843:
3842:
3755:K. ellipsiprymnus
3728:
3727:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3527:P. mephistophiles
3483:P. mephistophiles
3174:
3173:
2870:M. truongsonensis
2832:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2701:
2700:
2644:Java mouse-deer (
2553:
2552:
2523:Black musk deer (
2496:Dwarf musk deer (
2487:Anhui musk deer (
2462:
2461:
2425:G. camelopardalis
2374:
2373:
2074:978-1-4437-7183-2
2067:. Clapham Press.
1728:978-0-691-16717-6
1688:978-81-206-1162-7
1429:Mammalian Species
1381:. United Nations.
1238:978-0-8018-8221-0
1183:خور
1115:in 1976. Markhor
944:domestic goat of
828:37.500°N 66.667°E
700:Kohistan District
672:Jammu and Kashmir
540:Aquila chrysaetos
383:Persian languages
367:screw-horned goat
274:
273:
215:C. falconeri
97:
80:
16:Species of mammal
7252:
7195:
7194:
7182:
7181:
7169:
7168:
7156:
7155:
7143:
7142:
7130:
7129:
7117:
7116:
7104:
7103:
7091:
7090:
7078:
7077:
7065:
7064:
7052:
7051:
7039:
7038:
7026:
7025:
7013:
7012:
7000:
6999:
6987:
6986:
6977:
6976:
6964:
6963:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6904:
6893:
6885:
6881:Minar-e-Pakistan
6877:
6869:
6850:
6842:
6834:
6826:
6822:Chukar partridge
6818:
6799:
6791:
6783:
6764:
6756:
6747:Flag of Pakistan
6738:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6690:
6605:
6596:
6582:
6473:
6464:
6450:
6362:
6168:Common warthog (
6159:Desert warthog (
6079:
6070:
6056:
5955:Weyns's duiker (
5829:Peters' duiker (
5811:Aders's duiker (
5797:
5684:Royal antelope (
5642:Salt's dik-dik (
5633:Silver dik-dik (
5624:Kirk's dik-dik (
5577:
5554:Saiga antelope (
5516:
5455:N. soemmerringii
5324:Dorcas gazelle (
5169:
5160:
5153:
5139:
5026:Mountain nyala (
5009:
5008:
5000:
4991:
4946:P. nghetinhensis
4848:European bison (
4839:American bison (
4765:
4704:
4695:
4688:
4674:
4550:Domestic sheep (
4394:Himalayan tahr (
4361:Mainland serow (
4343:Japanese serow (
4152:
4145:
4131:
4055:
3928:
3891:
3854:
3831:Bohor reedbuck (
3739:
3718:A. nasomaculatus
3641:Sable antelope (
3618:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3355:Merida brocket (
3185:
3126:Thorold's deer (
2978:A. calamianensis
2861:M. rooseveltorum
2807:M. gongshanensis
2764:
2755:
2748:
2739:
2564:
2473:
2452:G. tippelskirchi
2385:
2348:
2339:
2325:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2237:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2028:
2022:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1971:Michel, Stefan.
1968:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1932:
1926:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1787:(3/4): 216–226.
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1730:
1716:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1625:. Archived from
1624:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1537:on 24 July 2014.
1536:
1530:. Archived from
1529:
1511:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1426:
1422:"Capra sibirica"
1417:
1411:
1398:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1274:
1251:
1250:
1207:
1185:
1179:
1165:
1159:
1152:Persian language
1040:Elliot Roosevelt
839:
838:
836:
835:
834:
829:
825:
822:
821:
820:
817:
808:
807:
805:
804:
803:
798:
794:
791:
790:
789:
786:
746:Bukharan markhor
632:Sulaiman markhor
602:Bukharan markhor
492:gestation period
460:Pinus gerardiana
376:
338:range, parts of
330:, mainly within
312:is a large wild
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
265:
235:
112:
111:
91:
74:
69:
68:
42:
30:
7260:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7230:Mammals of Asia
7205:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7190:
7185:
7177:
7172:
7164:
7159:
7151:
7146:
7138:
7135:Observation.org
7133:
7125:
7120:
7112:
7107:
7099:
7094:
7086:
7081:
7073:
7068:
7060:
7055:
7047:
7042:
7034:
7029:
7021:
7016:
7008:
7003:
6995:
6990:
6982:
6980:
6974:capra-falconeri
6972:
6967:
6961:Capra_falconeri
6959:
6954:
6947:Capra falconeri
6945:
6944:
6939:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6917:Capra falconeri
6911:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6883:
6875:
6867:
6853:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6825:(national bird)
6824:
6817:(national tree)
6816:
6802:
6797:
6790:(National poet)
6789:
6781:
6767:
6762:
6754:
6736:
6722:
6717:
6687:
6674:
6651:
6627:
6590:
6564:
6522:
6458:
6432:
6408:
6384:
6347:
6314:S. philippensis
6251:S. ahoenobarbus
6233:
6225:Red river hog (
6200:
6176:
6143:
6119:
6093:Buru babirusa (
6064:
6038:
6030:Common duiker (
6014:
5972:
5782:
5740:
5716:
5692:
5650:
5599:
5562:
5538:
5503:
5488:P. picticaudata
5461:
5401:
5377:
5371:G. subgutturosa
5290:
5239:
5215:
5191:
5154:
5143:
5121:
5088:
5080:Cape bushbuck (
5073:T. strepsiceros
5002:
5001:
4999:
4976:
4952:
4928:
4823:
4815:Mountain anoa (
4750:
4744:B. tragocamelus
4726:
4720:T. quadricornis
4689:
4678:
4660:
4627:
4603:
4559:Bighorn sheep (
4525:
4501:
4477:
4469:Mountain goat (
4453:
4445:Chinese goral (
4402:
4378:
4363:C. sumatraensis
4327:
4310:Siberian ibex (
4274:Domestic goat (
4222:
4198:
4174:
4166:Barbary sheep (
4146:
4135:
4117:
4105:
4093:
4077:
4040:
4007:
3983:
3950:
3913:
3876:
3839:
3797:
3724:
3700:
3674:Scimitar oryx (
3649:
3632:Roan antelope (
3603:
3597:
3575:
3533:
3525:Northern pudu (
3499:
3491:Southern pudu (
3481:Northern pudu (
3465:
3441:
3417:
3382:Pygmy brocket (
3364:Dwarf brocket (
3321:
3288:
3264:
3231:
3207:
3170:
3110:
3059:
3035:
3002:
2976:Calamian deer (
2951:
2945:D. mesopotamica
2918:
2894:
2888:M. vuquangensis
2886:Giant muntjac (
2796:Fea's muntjac (
2749:
2743:
2725:
2713:
2697:
2628:
2586:
2549:
2507:M. chrysogaster
2458:
2450:Masai giraffe (
2407:
2370:
2333:
2319:
2281:
2274:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1923:Wayback Machine
1914:
1910:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:(183): 429–432.
1642:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1622:
1618:Capra falconeri
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1552:Capra falconeri
1547:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1456:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1408:Wayback Machine
1399:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1328:The Independent
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1281:Capra falconeri
1276:
1275:
1254:
1239:
1217:Capra falconeri
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1148:
1123:shows known as
1105:national animal
1101:
1088:near threatened
1081:
1016:
1004:
968:. The Kashmiri
954:Girgentana goat
922:
898:Punjab Province
886:Kabul Provinces
851:
832:
830:
826:
823:
818:
815:
813:
811:
810:
801:
799:
795:
792:
787:
784:
782:
780:
779:
748:
724:Gilgit District
710:, Chalt up the
645:
622:Kashmir markhor
616:C. f. megaceros
596:C. f. falconeri
578:scientific name
568:Los Angeles Zoo
552:
501:
429:
398:
359:national animal
352:Near Threatened
291:
287:
283:Capra falconeri
244:
237:
233:Capra falconeri
231:
218:
106:
98:
81:
72:Near Threatened
70:
66:
59:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7258:
7256:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7183:
7170:
7157:
7144:
7131:
7118:
7105:
7092:
7079:
7066:
7053:
7040:
7027:
7014:
7001:
6988:
6978:
6965:
6952:
6937:
6921:
6919:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6843:
6835:
6827:
6819:
6814:Cedrus deodara
6810:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6792:
6787:Muhammad Iqbal
6784:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6757:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6693:
6684:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6665:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6645:C. liberiensis
6639:
6637:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6619:Hippopotamus (
6615:
6613:
6602:
6600:Hippopotamidae
6592:
6591:
6585:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6562:
6553:
6549:C. dromedarius
6544:
6534:
6532:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6511:
6502:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6470:
6460:
6459:
6453:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6418:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6372:
6370:
6359:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6336:
6332:S. timoriensis
6327:
6318:
6309:
6300:
6291:
6285:Domestic pig (
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6245:
6243:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6165:
6161:P. aethiopicus
6155:
6153:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6113:B. togeanensis
6108:
6099:
6089:
6087:
6076:
6066:
6065:
6059:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6026:
6024:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5984:
5982:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5964:Zebra duiker (
5961:
5952:
5943:
5939:C. silvicultor
5934:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5898:
5892:Black duiker (
5889:
5880:
5876:C. leucogaster
5871:
5862:
5853:
5844:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5807:
5805:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5771:
5765:Cape grysbok (
5762:
5752:
5750:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5708:Klipspringer (
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5681:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5639:
5635:M. piacentinii
5630:
5621:
5611:
5609:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5587:
5585:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5550:
5548:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:P. przewalskii
5492:
5483:
5473:
5471:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5432:
5423:
5417:Dama gazelle (
5413:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5351:Rhim gazelle (
5348:
5339:
5330:
5321:
5312:
5302:
5300:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5279:
5270:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5227:
5225:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5209:A. marsupialis
5203:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5179:
5177:
5166:
5156:
5155:
5142:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5113:Common eland (
5110:
5100:
5098:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5071:Greater kudu (
5068:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5032:
5023:
5013:
5011:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4917:
4908:
4899:
4890:
4884:Domestic yak (
4881:
4872:
4863:
4854:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4812:
4808:B. mindorensis
4803:
4797:Lowland anoa (
4794:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4701:
4691:
4690:
4677:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4556:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4517:Nilgiri tahr (
4513:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4370:Taiwan serow (
4367:
4358:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4301:Iberian ibex (
4298:
4289:
4280:
4271:
4262:
4253:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4190:Arabian tahr (
4186:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4134:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4029:
4019:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3824:R. fulvorufula
3819:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3692:Arabian oryx (
3689:
3680:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:O. virginianus
3564:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3488:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:O. bezoarticus
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3375:M. gouazoubira
3373:Gray brocket (
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3128:C. albirostris
3122:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:E. cephalophus
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2841:Leaf muntjac (
2838:
2834:M. puhoatensis
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2761:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:T. williamsoni
2686:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:M. moschiferus
2538:
2534:M. leucogaster
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2498:M. berezovskii
2493:
2483:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2345:
2343:Antilocapridae
2335:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2315:Laurasiatheria
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2221:
2220:External links
2218:
2215:
2214:
2189:
2177:
2164:978-0822546825
2163:
2157:. p. 15.
2139:
2109:
2087:
2073:
2053:
2023:
2004:
1981:
1960:
1947:(2): 191–198.
1927:
1908:
1905:. August 2009.
1888:
1876:
1848:
1834:
1814:
1771:
1759:
1744:
1742:. Boston, 1868
1731:
1711:
1701:
1687:
1667:
1658:
1635:
1606:
1577:
1540:
1520:(3): 506–513.
1486:
1471:
1454:
1412:
1384:
1370:
1356:
1341:
1315:
1252:
1237:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1147:
1144:
1100:
1097:
1015:
1012:
1003:
1000:
992:Queen Victoria
934:Charles Darwin
921:
918:
863:junior synonym
850:
847:
833:37.500; 66.667
747:
744:
644:
641:
640:
639:
629:
619:
609:
606:C. f. heptneri
599:
551:
548:
520:Himalayan wolf
516:Panthera uncia
500:
497:
478:, but turn to
428:
425:
397:
394:
381:and classical
272:
271:
267:
266:
258:
257:
251:
250:
246:
245:
238:
227:
226:
220:
219:
212:
210:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
100:
99:
86:
83:
82:
64:
61:
60:
55:
52:
51:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7257:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7220:Capra (genus)
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7193:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6948:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6927:
6923:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6905:
6890:
6887:
6882:
6879:
6874:
6873:Mazar-e-Quaid
6871:
6866:
6865:Faisal Mosque
6863:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6847:
6844:
6839:
6836:
6831:
6828:
6823:
6820:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6807:Other symbols
6805:
6796:
6795:Fatima Jinnah
6793:
6788:
6785:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6770:
6761:
6758:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6735:
6734:Qaumi Taranah
6732:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6714:
6709:
6707:
6702:
6700:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6648:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6583:
6579:
6561:
6559:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6540:C. bactrianus
6536:
6535:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6429:
6427:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6344:
6342:
6341:S. verrucosus
6337:
6335:
6333:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6287:S. domesticus
6283:
6281:
6279:
6278:S. celebensis
6274:
6272:
6270:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6230:
6228:
6223:
6221:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6207:Potamochoerus
6203:
6197:
6195:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6140:
6138:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6104:B. celebensis
6100:
6098:
6096:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6057:
6053:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5988:Blue duiker (
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5926:
5924:
5922:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5903:C. nigrifrons
5899:
5897:
5895:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5885:C. natalensis
5881:
5879:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5831:C. callipygus
5827:
5825:
5823:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5779:
5777:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5758:R. campestris
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5719:
5713:
5711:
5710:O. oreotragus
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5689:
5687:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5559:
5557:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5535:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5500:
5498:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5398:
5396:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5353:G. leptoceros
5349:
5347:
5345:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5257:E. albonotata
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5236:
5234:
5233:A. cervicapra
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5136:
5118:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5104:Giant eland (
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5082:T. sylvaticus
5078:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5044:Lesser kudu (
5042:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5006:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4859:B. domesticus
4857:Bali cattle (
4855:
4853:
4851:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4747:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4561:O. canadensis
4557:
4555:
4553:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4508:Nilgiritragus
4504:
4498:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4471:O. americanus
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4396:H. jemlahicus
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4292:Nubian ibex (
4290:
4288:
4286:
4283:Alpine ibex (
4281:
4279:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4128:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Pantholopinae
4047:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4004:
4002:
4001:A. buselaphus
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3905:Grey rhebok (
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Aepycerotinae
3846:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3780:Nile lechwe (
3778:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Hippotraginae
3610:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3590:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3459:B. dichotomus
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3433:Pampas deer (
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:M. nemorivaga
3389:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3337:Red brocket (
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3306:H. antisensis
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3146:C. canadensis
3142:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3095:R. timorensis
3091:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3053:E. davidianus
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3020:R. duvaucelii
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2985:Bawean deer (
2983:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2910:Tufted deer (
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2843:M. putaoensis
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2789:M. crinifrons
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2682:T. versicolor
2678:
2676:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2489:M. anhuiensis
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:G. reticulata
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2143:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:81-206-0851-8
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1852:
1849:
1837:
1835:0-521-63495-4
1831:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1610:
1607:
1595:
1594:Down to Earth
1588:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1544:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:. R. Bentley.
1482:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:. Unlike the
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:British India
1020:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1001:
999:
995:
993:
990:belonging to
989:
985:
981:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
962:Bilberry goat
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:domestic goat
919:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:Kabul markhor
849:Kabul markhor
848:
846:
843:
837:
806:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Tajik markhur
745:
743:
742:in Pakistan.
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
643:Astor markhor
642:
637:
636:C. f. jerdoni
633:
630:
627:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:Kabul markhor
610:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
592:Astor markhor
590:
589:
588:
585:
583:
579:
575:
569:
564:
556:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Eurasian lynx
498:
496:
493:
489:
485:
484:mating season
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
438:
433:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:Siberian ibex
406:
405:
395:
393:
391:
386:
384:
380:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
348:IUCN Red List
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:
309:
285:
284:
279:
268:
264:
259:
256:
252:
247:
242:
236:
234:
228:
225:
224:Binomial name
221:
217:
216:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
105:
101:
95:
89:
84:
78:
73:
62:
58:
53:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
28:
24:
23:Markhor, Iran
19:
6916:
6846:Snow leopard
6837:
6727:Main symbols
6644:
6632:
6621:H. amphibius
6620:
6610:Hippopotamus
6608:
6588:Whippomorpha
6557:
6548:
6539:
6527:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6488:
6476:
6425:
6413:
6401:
6389:
6377:
6365:
6340:
6331:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6295:
6286:
6277:
6269:S. cebifrons
6268:
6259:
6250:
6238:
6226:
6217:
6205:
6193:
6181:
6170:P. africanus
6169:
6160:
6150:Phacochoerus
6148:
6136:
6124:
6112:
6103:
6095:B. babyrussa
6094:
6082:
6031:
6019:
6007:
5999:P. maxwellii
5998:
5990:P. monticola
5989:
5977:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5938:
5930:C. rufilatus
5929:
5920:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5857:
5848:
5847:Bay duiker (
5840:C. crusalbum
5839:
5830:
5821:
5812:
5800:
5792:Cephalophini
5775:
5767:R. melanotis
5766:
5757:
5745:
5733:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5677:N. moschatus
5676:
5667:
5655:
5643:
5634:
5625:
5617:M. guentheri
5616:
5604:
5593:D. megalotis
5592:
5580:
5555:
5543:
5532:P. hodgsonii
5531:
5519:
5496:
5487:
5479:P. gutturosa
5478:
5466:
5454:
5445:
5436:
5427:
5418:
5406:
5394:
5382:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5335:G. erlangeri
5334:
5325:
5316:
5308:G. bennettii
5307:
5295:
5283:
5275:E. thomsonii
5274:
5266:E. rufifrons
5265:
5256:
5244:
5232:
5220:
5208:
5196:
5184:
5172:
5114:
5106:T. derbianus
5105:
5093:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5037:T. eurycerus
5036:
5027:
5018:
4994:
4986:Tragelaphini
4969:
4957:
4945:
4933:
4921:
4912:
4904:B. javanicus
4903:
4894:
4886:B. grunniens
4885:
4876:
4868:B. frontalis
4867:
4858:
4849:
4840:
4828:
4816:
4807:
4798:
4789:
4780:
4768:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4654:R. rupicapra
4653:
4645:R. pyrenaica
4644:
4632:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4587:
4586:Snow sheep (
4578:
4569:
4568:Dall sheep (
4560:
4551:
4542:
4530:
4519:N. hylocrius
4518:
4506:
4495:O. moschatus
4494:
4482:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4344:
4332:
4320:
4319:Walia ibex (
4311:
4303:C. pyrenaica
4302:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4267:C. falconeri
4266:
4264:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4227:
4216:B. taxicolor
4215:
4203:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4071:P. hodgsonii
4070:
4058:
4033:
4024:
4014:Connochaetes
4012:
4000:
3999:Hartebeest (
3988:
3976:
3967:
3955:
3943:
3931:
3923:Alcelaphinae
3907:P. capreolus
3906:
3894:
3869:
3857:
3832:
3823:
3815:R. arundinum
3814:
3802:
3790:
3782:K. megaceros
3781:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3742:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3633:
3621:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3538:
3526:
3517:
3504:
3492:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3457:Marsh deer (
3446:
3434:
3422:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3339:M. americana
3338:
3326:
3314:
3305:
3295:Hippocamelus
3293:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3249:C. capreolus
3248:
3236:
3224:
3223:Water deer (
3212:
3200:
3188:
3163:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3094:
3086:R. mariannus
3085:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3027:Eld's deer (
3019:
3018:Barasingha (
3007:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2879:M. vaginalis
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2780:M. atherodes
2779:
2767:
2690:
2681:
2673:T. nigricans
2672:
2663:
2654:
2646:T. javanicus
2645:
2633:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2591:
2580:H. aquaticus
2579:
2567:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2476:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2412:
2401:O. johnstoni
2400:
2388:
2364:A. americana
2363:
2351:
2313:Superorder:
2307:Infraclass:
2278:Artiodactyla
2228:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2149:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2124:
2100:. Retrieved
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2063:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2033:
2026:
2011:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1984:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1911:
1900:
1891:
1879:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1824:
1817:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1747:
1734:
1714:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1677:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1627:the original
1617:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1580:
1564:(1): 55–63.
1561:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1532:the original
1517:
1513:
1504:
1480:
1474:
1432:
1428:
1415:
1373:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1292:
1286:
1280:
1227:
1223:Wilson, D.E.
1216:
1205:
1188:
1149:
1137:
1124:
1102:
1080:
1031:
1025:
1005:
996:
923:
871:
866:
858:
852:
774:Rivers near
768:Turkmenistan
766:Rivers from
755:
751:
749:
736:Mastuj River
720:Yasin Valley
716:Astore River
708:Gilgit River
680:Chenab River
657:
652:
648:
646:
635:
625:
615:
605:
595:
586:
580:proposed by
573:
572:
539:
536:golden eagle
532:Ursus arctos
531:
523:
515:
512:snow leopard
507:
502:
470:). They are
467:
459:
452:Quercus ilex
451:
441:
402:
399:
387:
370:
366:
362:
356:
354:since 2015.
328:Central Asia
314:
282:
281:
277:
275:
254:
232:
230:
214:
213:
201:
161:Artiodactyla
49:Augsburg Zoo
27:
18:
7044:iNaturalist
6941:Wikispecies
6876:(mausoleum)
6498:L. guanicoe
6357:Tayassuidae
6321:Wild boar (
6260:S. barbatus
6218:P. larvatus
6194:P. salvania
6192:Pygmy hog (
6126:Hylochoerus
5979:Philantomba
5867:C. jentinki
5849:C. dorsalis
5802:Cephalophus
5686:N. pygmaeus
5644:M. saltiana
5582:Dorcatragus
5556:S. tatarica
5446:N. petersii
5384:Litocranius
5284:E. tilonura
5231:Blackbuck (
5207:Springbok (
5150:Antilopinae
5148:(subfamily
5095:Taurotragus
5062:Sitatunga (
5055:T. scriptus
5046:T. imberbis
5003:(including
4996:Tragelaphus
4817:B. quarlesi
4699:Boselaphini
4683:(subfamily
4588:O. nivicola
4429:N. caudatus
4418:Red goral (
4409:Naemorhedus
4372:C. swinhoei
4352:Red serow (
4334:Capricornis
4312:C. sibirica
4249:C. caucasia
4240:C. aegagrus
4238:Wild goat (
4192:A. jayakari
4181:Arabitragus
4140:(subfamily
4111:Antilopinae
4034:C. taurinus
3977:D. pygargus
3870:A. melampus
3791:K. vardonii
3753:Waterbuck (
3694:O. leucoryx
3623:Hippotragus
3551:O. hemionus
3549:Mule deer (
3448:Blastocerus
3357:M. bricenii
3315:H. bisulcus
3282:R. tarandus
3258:C. pygargus
3180:Capreolinae
3162:Sika deer (
3104:R. unicolor
3093:Rusa deer (
2996:A. porcinus
2816:M. montanus
2613:M. kathygre
2362:Pronghorn (
2353:Antilocapra
2170:25 December
2102:25 December
1902:Irish Times
1865:(1): 3–14.
1614:Sajjad, A.
1117:marionettes
942:Changthangi
930:Angora goat
890:Baluchistan
874:Kabul Gorge
831: /
800: /
712:Hunza River
396:Description
369:. The word
340:Afghanistan
249:Subspecies
177:Subfamily:
7209:Categories
6892:(monument)
6884:(monument)
6858:Structures
6634:Choeropsis
6516:L. vicugna
6402:C. wagneri
6305:S. oliveri
6296:S. heureni
6032:S. grimmia
6021:Sylvicapra
6008:P. walteri
5921:C. rubidis
5912:C. ogilbyi
5858:C. harveyi
5822:C. brookei
5776:R. sharpei
5756:Steenbok (
5747:Raphicerus
5699:Oreotragus
5572:Neotragini
5521:Pantholops
5437:N. notatus
5395:L. walleri
5344:G. gazella
5317:G. cuvieri
5306:Chinkara (
5198:Antidorcas
5185:A. clarkei
5174:Ammodorcas
5164:Antilopini
5064:T. spekeii
5028:T. buxtoni
5019:T. angasii
4911:Wild yak (
4895:B. indicus
4850:B. bonasus
4790:B. bubalis
4733:Boselaphus
4709:Tetracerus
4579:O. gmelini
4447:N. griseus
4420:N. baileyi
4385:Hemitragus
4354:C. rubidus
4345:C. crispus
4294:C. nubiana
4157:Ammotragus
4060:Pantholops
3990:Alcelaphus
3975:Bontebok (
3968:D. lunatus
3957:Damaliscus
3944:B. hunteri
3833:R. redunca
3734:Reduncinae
3685:O. gazella
3634:H. equinus
3560:O. pandora
3540:Odocoileus
3424:Ozotoceros
3280:Reindeer (
3225:H. inermis
3214:Hydropotes
3137:C. elaphus
3135:Red deer (
3077:R. alfredi
2994:Hog deer (
2852:M. reevesi
2825:M. muntjak
2655:T. kanchil
2622:M. meminna
2569:Hyemoschus
2559:Tragulidae
2516:M. cupreus
2434:G. giraffa
2380:Giraffidae
2331:Ruminantia
2184:IMDB(2018)
2132:26 October
1997:22 October
1308:16 January
1197:References
1099:In culture
974:Great Orme
938:wild goats
668:Pir Panjal
528:brown bear
363:screw-horn
342:, and the
324:South Asia
90:Appendix I
6586:Suborder
6496:Guanaco (
6468:Camelidae
6454:Suborder
6426:D. tajacu
6415:Dicotyles
6391:Catagonus
6378:T. pecari
6323:S. scrofa
6227:P. porcus
6216:Bushpig (
6084:Babyrousa
6060:Suborder
5957:C. weynsi
5948:C. spadix
5813:C. adersi
5734:O. ourebi
5668:N. batesi
5657:Neotragus
5626:M. kirkii
5428:N. granti
5393:Gerenuk (
5362:G. spekei
5326:G. dorcas
5183:Dibatag (
4970:S. caffer
4935:Pseudoryx
4922:B. taurus
4902:Banteng (
4877:B. gaurus
4806:Tamaraw (
4652:Chamois (
4634:Rupicapra
4621:P. nayaur
4597:O. vignei
4577:Mouflon (
4276:C. hircus
4265:Markhor (
4168:A. lervia
3933:Beatragus
3859:Aepyceros
3683:Gemsbok (
3676:O. dammah
3518:P. carlae
3411:M. temama
3402:M. rufina
3366:M. chunyi
3348:M. bororo
3238:Capreolus
3164:C. nippon
3155:C. hanglu
3042:Elaphurus
2987:A. kuhlii
2901:Elaphodus
2769:Muntiacus
2604:M. indica
2593:Moschiola
2525:M. fuscus
2468:Moschidae
2329:Suborder
2289:Kingdom:
2198:"Markhor"
1449:198969400
1334:9 October
1215:"Species
1211:Grubb, P.
1146:Etymology
1136:known as
1131:Pakistani
1076:axis deer
1064:blackbuck
977:limestone
906:Safed Koh
878:Kohe Safi
797:38°N 70°E
760:Amu Darya
704:Baltistan
544:predators
508:Lynx lynx
499:Predators
344:Himalayas
336:Karakoram
255:See text
209:Species:
127:Kingdom:
121:Eukaryota
7174:Species+
7114:14200772
7062:10891634
6981:BioLib:
6926:Wikidata
6868:(mosque)
6558:C. ferus
6514:Vicuña (
6507:L. pacos
6505:Alpaca (
6489:L. glama
6456:Tylopoda
5966:C. zebra
5894:C. niger
5468:Procapra
5246:Eudorcas
5222:Antilope
4959:Syncerus
4920:Cattle (
4913:B. mutus
4841:B. bison
4781:B. arnee
4742:Nilgai (
4619:Bharal (
4610:Pseudois
4570:O. dalli
4552:O. aries
4543:O. ammon
4541:Argali (
4493:Muskox (
4460:Oreamnos
4438:N. goral
4321:C. walie
4205:Budorcas
4142:Caprinae
4087:Caprinae
3942:Hirola (
3886:Peleinae
3868:Impala (
3773:K. leche
3771:Lechwe (
3667:O. beisa
3643:H. niger
3304:Taruca (
3271:Rangifer
3201:A. alces
3102:Sambar (
3029:R. eldii
3009:Rucervus
2967:Chital (
2759:Cervinae
2746:Cervidae
2707:Cervidae
2635:Tragulus
2309:Eutheria
2303:Mammalia
2297:Chordata
2295:Phylum:
2291:Animalia
2234:Archived
2035:politics
1919:Archived
1801:18228130
1599:7 August
1435:: 1–13.
1404:Archived
1247:62265494
1213:(2005).
1109:Pakistan
1044:Nuristan
1008:Poaching
980:headland
880:area of
876:and the
762:and the
688:Pakistan
684:Shupiyan
664:Nuristan
576:was the
550:Taxonomy
480:browsing
464:junipers
332:Pakistan
181:Caprinae
167:Family:
151:Mammalia
141:Chordata
137:Phylum:
131:Animalia
117:Domain:
77:IUCN 3.1
33:Markhor
7101:1006183
7036:2441050
6932:Q187927
6838:Markhor
6755:(motto)
6670:Cetacea
6661:Cetacea
6529:Camelus
6487:Llama (
6367:Tayassu
6183:Porcula
5732:Oribi (
5723:Ourebia
5606:Madoqua
5591:Beira (
5512:Saigini
5419:N. dama
5297:Gazella
5146:Bovidae
5144:Family
5115:T. oryx
5035:Bongo (
5017:Nyala (
4944:Saola (
4866:Gayal (
4770:Bubalus
4685:Bovinae
4681:Bovidae
4679:Family
4595:Urial (
4285:C. ibex
4214:Takin (
4138:Bovidae
4136:Family
4099:Bovinae
4025:C. gnou
3804:Redunca
3716:Addax (
3600:Bovidae
3598:Family
3506:Pudella
3493:P. pudu
3384:M. nana
3199:Moose (
2969:A. axis
2936:D. dama
2798:M. feae
2744:Family
2719:Bovidae
2664:T. napu
2478:Moschus
2414:Giraffa
2399:Okapi (
2301:Class:
2280:species
2276:Extant
2207:9 April
2080:10 July
2046:10 July
1841:10 July
1809:7408515
1694:10 July
1172:serpent
1126:buz-baz
1048:Laghman
1022:Markhor
1014:Hunting
1002:Threats
966:Ireland
882:Kapissa
819:66°40′E
816:37°30′N
728:Chitral
676:Banihal
660:Laghman
472:diurnal
462:), and
371:mārkhor
278:markhor
243:, 1839)
197:Genus:
191:Caprini
187:Tribe:
171:Bovidae
157:Order:
147:Class:
92: (
75: (
7166:149649
7153:202967
7075:625138
7023:328691
6997:494277
6969:ARKive
6772:People
6074:Suidae
5675:Suni (
5408:Nanger
4893:Zebu (
4875:Gaur (
4760:Bovini
4484:Ovibos
3789:Puku (
3764:K. kob
3328:Mazama
3117:Cervus
2390:Okapia
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5005:kudus
4229:Capra
3896:Pelea
3762:Kob (
3744:Kobus
3707:Addax
3190:Alces
3144:Elk (
1976:(PDF)
1805:S2CID
1630:(PDF)
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1221:. In
1168:snake
1056:Texas
984:Wales
970:feral
950:Tibet
764:Pyanj
732:Drosh
696:Kunar
692:Indus
488:horns
476:graze
456:pines
444:shrub
404:Capra
315:Capra
202:Capra
94:CITES
88:CITES
7192:3392
7179:3780
7122:NCBI
7088:3787
7083:IUCN
7070:ITIS
7031:GBIF
7010:QS67
6992:BOLD
6760:Urdu
6668:see
6478:Lama
4532:Ovis
3656:Oryx
3472:Pudu
3066:Rusa
2958:Axis
2925:Dama
2209:2017
2172:2012
2159:ISBN
2134:2018
2104:2012
2082:2011
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2048:2011
2016:ISBN
1999:2014
1843:2011
1830:ISBN
1797:PMID
1724:ISBN
1696:2011
1683:ISBN
1601:2020
1514:Oryx
1336:2019
1310:2022
1293:2015
1243:OCLC
1233:ISBN
1177:khor
1082:The
1072:ibex
1046:and
1036:ibex
948:and
912:and
853:The
788:70°E
785:38°N
662:and
448:oaks
326:and
320:goat
276:The
7187:TSA
7109:MSW
7096:MDD
7018:EoL
7005:CoL
6956:ADW
6240:Sus
4830:Bos
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1949:doi
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