1542:" used a "basic working definition" of "by massacre we shall mean the intentional killing by political actors of a significant number of relatively defenseless people... the motives for massacre need not be rational in order for the killings to be intentional... Mass killings can be carried out for various reasons, including a response to false rumors... political massacre... should be distinguished from criminal or pathological mass killings... as political bodies we of course include the state and its agencies, but also nonstate actors..."
1712:"Although it is not possible to set unalterable rules about when multiple murders become massacres. Equally important is the fact that massacres are not carried out by individuals, instead they are carried out by groups... the use of superior, even overwhelming force..." Levene excludes "legal, or even some quasi-legal, mass executions". He also points out that it is "...most often ... when the act is outside the normal moral bounds of the society witnessing it... In any war ... this killing is often acceptable."(
1254:
1577:
3708:
2958:
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1276:
is an event in which large numbers of people, often, but not necessarily civilians, are indiscriminately killed by another or others. The word is also used to describe a scene of carnage, or in competitive activities, a comprehensive and disproportionate victory of one side over another. In warfare
2125:
Constitutional
Republicanism, in Opposition to Fallacious Federalism: As Published Occasionally in the Independent Chronicle, Under the Signature of Old-South. To which is Prefixed, a Prefatory Address to the Citizens of the United States, Never Before
1545:
Similarly, Levene (1999) attempts an objective classification of "massacres" throughout history, taking the term to refer to killings carried out by groups using overwhelming force against defenseless victims. He is excepting certain cases of
3627:
1341:"butchery, carnage" is first recorded in the late 11th century. Its primary use remained the context of animal slaughter (in hunting terminology referring to the head of a stag) well into the 18th century. The use of
3602:
3612:
2803:
2818:
1515:
began to see inflationary use in journalism in the first half of the 20th century. By the 1970s, it could also be used purely metaphorically, of events that do not involve deaths, such as the
2761:
2756:
3988:
3180:
1433:
1345:"butchery" of the mass killing of people dates to the 12th century, implying people being "slaughtered like animals". The term did not necessarily imply a multitude of victims, e.g.
2851:
3582:
3577:
3165:
3035:
3562:
3597:
1281:
674:
4628:
3439:
1944:
1561:
tribes by killing more than 30% of the tribe on one of their hunting missions, and the second being given to the phenomenon of many small killings adding up to a larger
3392:
3567:
2786:
2732:
1391:
The French word was loaned into
English in the 1580s, specifically in the sense "indiscriminate slaughter of a large number of people". It is used in reference to
2781:
1043:
3607:
2791:
2774:
1084:
2769:
1701:
An
Oration Delivered March 5th, 1772. At the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston; to Commemorate the Bloody Tragedy of the Fifth of March, 1770
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1174:
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1506:
A short narrative of the horrid massacre in Boston, perpetrated in the evening of the fifth day of March, 1770, by soldiers of the 29th regiment
4708:
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215:
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1268:
depicting the massacre of Greeks on the island of Chios by
Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822.
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1019:
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528:
272:
237:
1557:
The term "fractal massacre" has been given to two different phenomena, the first being the fracturing of
3240:
2889:
2569:
2554:
2544:
2524:
2471:
1466:
1397:
1308:
812:
650:
625:
185:
101:
1881:
1973:
De
Quatuor Summis Imperiis: An Historical Account of the Four Chief Monarchies Or Empires of the World
4783:
3742:
1486:
1454:
1012:
836:
720:
630:
575:
331:
150:
2079:
1326:
meaning "slaughterhouse" or "butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin
1253:
2961:
2923:
2654:
2634:
2256:
1848:
1501:
1402:
1356:
1265:
1212:
1149:
1089:
925:
777:
753:
655:
640:
615:
610:
299:
86:
64:
190:
4778:
3711:
2980:
2884:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2671:
2649:
2644:
2611:
2601:
2461:
2456:
2339:
2290:
2061:
1967:
1539:
1470:
1431:"hammering, breaking; destruction". The term's use in historiography was popularized by Gibbon's
1414:
1226:
1164:
868:
858:
822:
552:
316:
282:
277:
242:
180:
106:
1737:
3693:
2676:
2639:
2476:
2434:
2418:
2234:
2186:
2165:
2142:
2024:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1818:
1808:
1782:
1524:
1445:
has also been described as a kind of massacre, which was a mass punishment carried out on the
1409:
of 1281, called "that famous
Massacre of the French in Sicily" in the English translation of
1197:
960:
940:
738:
670:
521:
145:
126:
121:
2879:
2664:
2053:
2044:
Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical
Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896".
1798:
1614:
1481:
in 1598 and then made an expedition to
Finland, where he defeated the resistance during the
1442:
1406:
955:
817:
499:
484:
311:
96:
91:
76:
2946:
2838:
2466:
2429:
2334:
1654:
1497:
1074:
985:
965:
743:
665:
247:
138:
133:
3734:
1291:
of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". Other terms with overlapping scope include
1917:
2913:
2482:
2440:
2154:
Dyck, Kirsten (2016). Bentrovato, Denise; Korostelina, K. V.; Schulze, Martina (eds.).
2012:
1876:
1760:
1596:
1547:
1261:
1002:
920:
853:
787:
685:
620:
232:
227:
205:
1843:
4772:
2534:
2413:
2065:
2016:
1696:
1629:
1551:
1520:
1334:
980:
715:
457:
210:
175:
170:
116:
71:
2584:
2488:
2386:
1691:" for the annual remembrance held during 1771–1783 dates to the late 19th century.(
1688:
1634:
1462:
1300:
990:
915:
352:
258:
222:
200:
81:
2180:
2155:
2123:
2950:
2539:
2374:
2319:
1639:
1576:
1304:
903:
898:
802:
504:
442:
385:
380:
165:
155:
2591:
2369:
2057:
1590:
1582:
1572:
1482:
1427:
1346:
950:
945:
908:
462:
402:
397:
362:
357:
321:
1822:
2279:
1981:
1755:
1659:
1292:
1278:
560:
509:
472:
419:
414:
409:
392:
367:
326:
195:
111:
1786:
1939:
2928:
2409:
1624:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1562:
1490:
1288:
883:
593:
489:
479:
467:
452:
426:
375:
160:
47:
17:
1496:
An early use in the propagandistic portrayal of current events was the "
2606:
2596:
2574:
2559:
2210:
2146:
1649:
1458:
1453:
on
November 10, 1599, in which 14 opponents of the Duke Charles (later
935:
873:
494:
447:
2972:
1644:
1478:
1296:
970:
54:
2157:
History Can Bite: History
Education in Divided and Postwar Societies
1803:
1787:"Levene (Mark) and Roberts (Penny), (Eds.), The Massacre in History"
1683:
The shortened name "Boston massacre" was in use by the early 1800s(
1441:" of the killing of Roman Catholics in Constantinople in 1182. The
1450:
1252:
1519:—the dismissals and resignations of political appointees during
3738:
2976:
2252:
306:
2248:
2129:. Adams & Rhoades, editors of the Independent Chronicle.
1550:, requiring that massacres must have the quality of being
1500:" of 1770, which was employed to build support for the
1277:
it is generally used to describe a targeted killing of
1695:, p. 126) The 1772 "Massacre Day of Oration" by
3686:
3638:
3553:
3069:
3024:
2903:
2872:
2707:
2625:
2501:
2402:
2310:
2299:
2084:
Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930
1434:
History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
1322:derives from late 16th century Middle French word
1692:
2233:(1. publ. ed.). Providence: Berghahn Book.
1489:in Turku without consulting Finland's leading
1378:L'Europe fut un champ de massacre et d'horreur
3750:
2988:
2264:
1713:
1419:illa memorabilis Gallorum clades per Siciliam
1234:
529:
8:
2229:Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny, eds. (1999).
3757:
3743:
3735:
2995:
2981:
2973:
2900:
2307:
2271:
2257:
2249:
2139:Old Boston: An American Historical Romance
2046:Comparative Studies in Society and History
2001:. Apud Felicen Lopez de Haro. p. 301.
1405:. The term is again used in 1695 for the
1241:
1227:
1059:
598:
547:
536:
522:
38:
1998:Sleidani de quatuor monarchiis libri tres
1945:Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé
1802:
1467:Battle between Duke Charles and Sigismund
1425:is here used as the translation of Latin
2895:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
696:Special-interest / Single-issue
1729:
1676:
1108:
1073:
729:
694:
639:
559:
434:
344:
290:
257:
53:
46:
3765:Lists of massacres in modern countries
1684:
1044:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
2179:Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (1999).
1508:was printed in Boston still in 1770.
7:
2325:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
2215:Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence
2104:
2086:. Centre For 21st Century Humanities
1364:at Blois") of the assassination of
2330:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
1330:"provisions store, butcher shop".
25:
2819:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
4514:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3989:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3707:
3706:
3181:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2957:
2956:
2762:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
1976:. Nathaniel Rolls. p. 186.
1589:
1575:
2852:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
1284:by an armed group or person.
4059:Federated States of Micronesia
1791:Crime, History & Societies
1538:(1982) in the context of the "
1393:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1:
27:Incident of killing civilians
3583:Eritrean War of Independence
3578:Croatian War of Independence
2392:International Criminal Court
1756:"the definition of massacre"
1504:. A pamphlet with the title
1437:(1781–1789), who used e.g. "
2792:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1039:Designated terrorist groups
4810:
2766:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2162:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
2135:De Grasse Stevens, Augusta
1738:"Definition of a Massacre"
1208:Anti-terrorism legislation
29:
3770:
3702:
3598:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
3011:
2943:
2452:Joint criminal enterprise
2382:Responsibility to protect
2286:
2211:"GLOSSARY TERM: Massacre"
2122:Austin, Benjamin (1803).
2058:10.1017/s0010417500010100
1714:Levene & Roberts 1999
1687:, p. 314) The term "
1386:European wars of religion
1203:International conventions
1110:State-sponsored terrorism
32:Massacre (disambiguation)
3934:Central African Republic
3016:List of massacres at sea
1469:, Duke Charles defeated
1264:") a painting (1824) by
1066:Violent non-state actors
3398:List of Palestine lists
3393:Palestinian territories
2919:Crimes against humanity
2757:Libyan civil war (2011)
2617:Wartime sexual violence
2565:Human trophy collecting
2550:Enforced disappearances
2231:The massacre in history
2182:The Massacre in History
1914:Oxford University Press
1517:Saturday Night Massacre
1380:"Europe was a field of
808:Clandestine cell system
353:Avunculicide/Nepoticide
3879:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3663:Indigenous Australians
3131:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2570:Indiscriminate attacks
2555:Extrajudicial killings
2426:Command responsibility
1995:Sleidanus, I. (1669).
1699:was originally titled
1693:De Grasse Stevens 1888
1439:massacre of the Latins
1411:De quattuor monarchiis
1366:Henry I, Duke of Guise
1355:l'horride massacre de
1269:
976:Propaganda of the deed
273:Voluntary manslaughter
238:Vehicle-ramming attack
4629:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4504:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4484:Republic of the Congo
3440:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2890:List of global issues
2719:Gaza–Israel conflict
2545:Desecration of graves
2525:Collective punishment
1398:The Massacre at Paris
1309:extrajudicial killing
1256:
1192:Response to terrorism
813:Leaderless resistance
291:Non-criminal homicide
186:Murder for body parts
102:Depraved-heart murder
4699:United Arab Emirates
3717:Massacres by country
2945:‡ Does not apply to
2924:Crimes of aggression
2906:international crimes
2804:Sri Lankan Civil War
2612:Use of human shields
2510:humanitarian workers
2021:A history of Finland
1742:Cambridge Dictionary
1552:morally unacceptable
1417:(1556), translating
631:Right-wing/Far-right
332:Justifiable homicide
151:Lonely hearts killer
30:For other uses, see
4794:Human rights abuses
4664:Trinidad and Tobago
3799:Antigua and Barbuda
3036:Mandatory Palestine
2782:Russo-Ukrainian War
2419:Civilian casualties
2107:, pp. 192–193.
1968:Sleidanus, Johannes
1909:Oxford Dictionaries
1849:Merriam-Webster.com
1502:American Revolution
1475:Battle of StĂĄngebro
1403:Christopher Marlowe
1384:and horror" of the
1258:Le Massacre de Scio
1213:Terrorism insurance
1014:Rockets and mortars
754:Resistance movement
87:Consensual homicide
42:Part of a series on
4009:Dominican Republic
3628:WWII in Yugoslavia
3603:Sudanese civil war
3568:Algerian Civil War
3563:1948 Palestine war
3186:Dominican Republic
2885:War crime apologia
2799:Second Chechen War
2502:War crimes by type
2462:Military necessity
2457:Medical neutrality
2375:Protocol II (1977)
2340:Geneva Conventions
2291:List of war crimes
1920:on January 8, 2017
1884:on January 8, 2017
1783:Gallant, Thomas W.
1540:Hamidian massacres
1415:Johannes Sleidanus
1351:Dialogue des Morts
1270:
859:Aircraft hijacking
616:Left-wing/Far-left
317:Capital punishment
283:Vehicular homicide
278:Negligent homicide
243:Wrongful execution
181:Misdemeanor murder
107:Felony murder rule
4766:
4765:
4034:Equatorial Guinea
3732:
3731:
3722:Massacres by year
3694:List of genocides
3613:Greco-Turkish War
3588:Finnish Civil War
2970:
2969:
2939:
2938:
2880:War crimes trials
2708:War crimes by war
2497:
2496:
2477:Protected persons
2370:Protocol I (1977)
2240:978-1-57181-934-5
2192:978-1-57181-934-5
1870:Harper, Douglas.
1525:Watergate scandal
1485:and executed the
1473:'s troops in the
1251:
1250:
1198:Counter-terrorism
1183:
1182:
941:Individual terror
762:
761:
739:Violent extremism
546:
545:
337:"License to kill"
146:Internet homicide
127:Child cannibalism
122:Human cannibalism
16:(Redirected from
4801:
4789:Killings by type
4449:Papua New Guinea
4314:Marshall Islands
3759:
3752:
3745:
3736:
3710:
3709:
3608:Syrian civil war
3046:Ottoman Bulgaria
2997:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2960:
2959:
2901:
2809:Syrian civil war
2752:2006 Lebanon War
2715:Afghanistan wars
2467:Prisoners of war
2308:
2303:humanitarian law
2273:
2266:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2209:Kenz, David El.
2196:
2175:
2150:
2141:. George Allen.
2130:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2023:. Dorset Press.
2009:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1916:. Archived from
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1880:. Archived from
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1806:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1734:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1681:
1615:Ethnic cleansing
1599:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1447:Old Great Square
1407:Sicilian Vespers
1266:Eugène Delacroix
1243:
1236:
1229:
1060:
1033:Terrorist groups
1015:
749:Militia movement
716:Green/Ecological
621:Narcotics-driven
599:
548:
538:
531:
524:
500:Suspicious death
312:Assisted suicide
298:Note: Varies by
97:Crime of passion
92:Contract killing
77:Attempted murder
63:Note: Varies by
39:
21:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4569:Solomon Islands
4414:North Macedonia
3766:
3763:
3733:
3728:
3698:
3682:
3668:Nizari Ismailis
3641:
3634:
3556:
3549:
3465:Solomon Islands
3383:North Macedonia
3074:
3072:
3065:
3029:
3027:
3026:By past country
3020:
3007:
3001:
2971:
2966:
2947:airborne forces
2935:
2914:Atrocity crimes
2899:
2868:
2703:
2628:committed by...
2627:
2621:
2530:Criminal orders
2493:
2472:Proportionality
2430:Superior orders
2398:
2335:Geneva Protocol
2302:
2295:
2282:
2277:
2247:
2241:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2204:
2202:Further reading
2199:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2153:
2133:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2013:Jutikkala, Eino
2011:
2010:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1815:
1804:10.4000/chs.800
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1655:Tragedy (event)
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1548:mass executions
1533:
1498:Boston Massacre
1455:King Charles IX
1317:
1247:
1218:
1217:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1104:
1075:State terrorism
1057:
1049:
1048:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1020:Vehicle-ramming
1013:
848:
846:
829:
828:
827:
772:
764:
763:
758:
744:Ethnic violence
725:
690:
635:
596:
585:
542:
248:Judicial murder
139:Child sacrifice
134:Human sacrifice
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Western Sahara
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4704:United Kingdom
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Czech Republic
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3678:Turkish people
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Czech Republic
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2910:
2908:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2873:Related topics
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2694:United Kingdom
2691:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Hostage-taking
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Child soldiers
2517:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2483:Ruse de guerre
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2441:Hors de combat
2437:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2414:non-combatants
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2226:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2151:
2131:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2071:
2036:
2029:
2017:Pirinen, Kauko
2004:
1987:
1959:
1931:
1895:
1877:Etymonline.com
1862:
1835:
1813:
1797:(1): 146–148.
1774:
1761:Dictionary.com
1747:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:, p. 90)
1705:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:Society portal
1586:
1570:
1567:
1532:
1529:
1471:King Sigismund
1368:(1588), while
1316:
1313:
1287:The word is a
1262:Chios massacre
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1003:Suicide attack
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
936:Hostage-taking
933:
928:
923:
921:Cyberterrorism
918:
913:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
881:
871:
866:
856:
854:Agro-terrorism
850:
849:
845:
844:
841:
837:
835:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
788:Radicalization
785:
780:
774:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
732:
731:
730:Related topics
727:
726:
724:
723:
718:
713:
708:
702:
699:
698:
692:
691:
689:
688:
683:
678:
675:Salafi-Wahhabi
668:
663:
653:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
602:
597:
591:
590:
587:
586:
584:
583:
578:
573:
567:
564:
563:
557:
556:
544:
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
515:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
476:
475:
470:
460:
455:
450:
445:
437:
436:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
423:
422:
417:
407:
406:
405:
400:
390:
389:
388:
383:
378:
370:
365:
360:
355:
347:
346:
342:
341:
340:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
293:
292:
288:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
268:In English law
262:
261:
255:
254:
253:
252:
251:
250:
240:
235:
233:Torture murder
230:
228:Thrill killing
225:
220:
219:
218:
216:Angel of mercy
208:
206:Pseudocommando
203:
198:
193:
191:Murder–suicide
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
142:
141:
131:
130:
129:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
58:
57:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4806:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:United States
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Liechtenstein
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Guinea-Bissau
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3748:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
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1530:
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1359:
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176:Mass stabbing
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171:Mass shooting
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117:Honor killing
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72:Assassination
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49:
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41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4729:Vatican City
4679:Turkmenistan
4579:South Africa
4549:Sierra Leone
4529:Saudi Arabia
3904:Burkina Faso
3673:Palestinians
3653:Azerbaijanis
3623:World War II
3470:South Africa
3073:or territory
3056:Soviet Union
3028:or territory
3004:
2951:paratroopers
2842:
2841: /
2829:World War II
2728:2023–present
2677:Soviet Union
2579:
2514:parachutists
2512: /
2489:Safe conduct
2481:
2439:
2428: /
2387:Rome Statute
2360:Third (1949)
2350:First (1949)
2230:
2220:November 22,
2218:. Retrieved
2214:
2185:. Berghahn.
2181:
2156:
2138:
2124:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2083:
2080:"Definition"
2074:
2052:(3): 482–3.
2049:
2045:
2039:
2020:
2007:
1997:
1990:
1972:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:the original
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:the original
1875:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1828:September 1,
1826:. Retrieved
1814:1-57181934-7
1794:
1790:
1777:
1767:November 24,
1765:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1708:
1700:
1689:Massacre Day
1679:
1635:Mass killing
1556:
1544:
1534:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1361:
1354:
1353:(1712) uses
1350:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1301:mass killing
1286:
1273:
1271:
1257:
1160:Saudi Arabia
1154:Soviet Union
1090:Soviet Union
916:Bioterrorism
879:Animal-borne
300:jurisdiction
297:
296:
259:Manslaughter
223:Spree killer
201:Proxy murder
82:Child murder
65:jurisdiction
62:
61:
36:
4784:Mass murder
4619:Switzerland
4589:South Sudan
4584:South Korea
4509:Saint Lucia
4464:Philippines
4409:North Korea
4389:New Zealand
4384:Netherlands
4189:Ivory Coast
4029:El Salvador
3774:Afghanistan
3618:World War I
3573:Bosnian War
3480:South Sudan
3475:South Korea
3420:Puerto Rico
3410:Philippines
3378:North Korea
3368:New Zealand
3201:El Salvador
3081:Afghanistan
3051:Roman Judea
2824:World War I
2814:Tigray war‎
2508:Attacks on
2435:Distinction
2320:Lieber Code
1948:(in French)
1685:Austin 1803
1640:Mass murder
1531:Definitions
1463:decapitated
1376:(1698) has
1305:mass murder
803:Death squad
706:Suffragette
626:Nationalist
571:Definitions
505:Tyrannicide
443:Crucifixion
386:Neonaticide
381:Infanticide
166:Mass murder
156:Lust murder
4773:Categories
4719:Uzbekistan
4639:Tajikistan
4544:Seychelles
4524:San Marino
4359:Mozambique
4349:Montenegro
4319:Mauritania
4284:Madagascar
4279:Luxembourg
4234:Kyrgyzstan
4209:Kazakhstan
4014:East Timor
3964:Costa Rica
3929:Cape Verde
3839:Bangladesh
3824:Azerbaijan
3593:Kosovo War
3191:East Timor
3111:Bangladesh
3106:Azerbaijan
3071:By country
3061:Yugoslavia
2862:Kosovo War
2775:Second war
2747:Korean War
2626:War crimes
2602:Starvation
2592:No quarter
2280:War crimes
2147:B00087E73Q
1940:"Massacre"
1924:January 8,
1904:"Massacre"
1888:January 8,
1872:"Massacre"
1855:January 8,
1844:"Massacre"
1666:References
1583:Law portal
1559:Aboriginal
1483:Cudgel War
1374:Satires XI
1100:Uzbekistan
1085:Kazakhstan
951:Kidnapping
946:Insurgency
894:Improvised
721:Misogynist
463:Gendercide
403:Sororicide
398:Fratricide
372:Prolicide
363:Mariticide
358:Familicide
322:Euthanasia
4779:Massacres
4734:Venezuela
4599:Sri Lanka
4554:Singapore
4439:Palestine
4394:Nicaragua
4324:Mauritius
4274:Lithuania
4159:Indonesia
4114:Guatemala
3814:Australia
3804:Argentina
3712:Massacres
3648:Armenians
3535:Venezuela
3490:Sri Lanka
3450:Singapore
3338:Lithuania
3296:Jerusalem
3271:Indonesia
3236:Guatemala
3101:Australia
3096:Argentina
3005:massacres
3003:Lists of
2844:Wehrmacht
2770:First war
2733:by Israel
2723:2008–2009
2660:Palestine
2580:Massacres
2410:Civilians
2126:Published
2105:Dyck 2016
2090:August 1,
2066:144670829
1952:March 22,
1823:1422-0857
1724:Citations
1660:War crime
1511:The term
1465:; in the
1315:Etymology
1293:war crime
1279:civilians
1175:Venezuela
1056:Adherents
956:Lone wolf
869:Beheading
818:Lone wolf
778:Financing
771:Structure
656:Christian
641:Religious
611:Communist
606:Anarchist
581:Incidents
561:Terrorism
510:War crime
473:Androcide
420:Patricide
415:Matricide
410:Parricide
393:Siblicide
368:Uxoricide
327:Foeticide
196:Poisoning
112:Foeticide
18:Massacres
4759:Zimbabwe
4649:Thailand
4644:Tanzania
4609:Suriname
4564:Slovenia
4559:Slovakia
4474:Portugal
4454:Paraguay
4429:Pakistan
4344:Mongolia
4299:Maldives
4294:Malaysia
4219:Kiribati
4139:Honduras
4054:Ethiopia
4049:Eswatini
4004:Dominica
3999:Djibouti
3954:Colombia
3919:Cameroon
3914:Cambodia
3899:Bulgaria
3884:Botswana
3844:Barbados
3687:See also
3640:By group
3510:Thailand
3460:Slovenia
3455:Slovakia
3388:Pakistan
3348:Malaysia
3206:Ethiopia
3161:Colombia
2962:Category
2929:Genocide
2742:Iraq War
2137:(1888).
2019:(1988).
1982:11990422
1970:(1695).
1785:(2001).
1625:Genocide
1620:Femicide
1610:Disaster
1605:Democide
1569:See also
1563:genocide
1513:massacre
1423:massacre
1382:massacre
1362:massacre
1328:macellum
1320:Massacre
1282:en masse
1274:massacre
1140:Pakistan
998:Stabbing
981:Shooting
823:Domestic
783:Fronting
651:Buddhist
594:ideology
553:a series
551:Part of
490:Regicide
485:Omnicide
480:Genocide
468:Femicide
453:Democide
427:Senicide
376:Filicide
161:Lynching
48:Homicide
4739:Vietnam
4724:Vanuatu
4714:Uruguay
4694:Ukraine
4669:Tunisia
4574:Somalia
4534:Senegal
4489:Romania
4404:Nigeria
4369:Namibia
4364:Myanmar
4354:Morocco
4334:Moldova
4259:Liberia
4254:Lesotho
4249:Lebanon
4194:Jamaica
4174:Ireland
4149:Iceland
4144:Hungary
4109:Grenada
4094:Germany
4089:Georgia
4069:Finland
4044:Estonia
4039:Eritrea
4019:Ecuador
3994:Denmark
3969:Croatia
3959:Comoros
3909:Burundi
3874:Bolivia
3854:Belgium
3849:Belarus
3834:Bahrain
3829:Bahamas
3819:Austria
3809:Armenia
3789:Andorra
3784:Algeria
3779:Albania
3540:Vietnam
3525:Ukraine
3425:Romania
3373:Nigeria
3358:Myanmar
3328:Lebanon
3308:Jamaica
3286:Ireland
3261:Iceland
3256:Hungary
3221:Germany
3211:Finland
3166:Croatia
3141:Burundi
3126:Bolivia
3121:Belgium
3116:Belarus
3091:Algeria
3086:Albania
2640:Germany
2635:Croatia
2607:Torture
2597:Perfidy
2575:Looting
2312:Sources
2115:Sources
1650:Tragedy
1487:estates
1459:Finland
1421:, i.e.
1370:Boileau
1347:FĂ©nelon
1343:macecre
1324:macacre
1005: (
961:Nuclear
926:Dry run
886: (
874:Bombing
861: (
843:Tactics
840:Methods
671:Islamic
576:History
495:Stoning
448:Deicide
4754:Zambia
4689:Uganda
4684:Tuvalu
4674:Turkey
4634:Taiwan
4614:Sweden
4539:Serbia
4499:Rwanda
4494:Russia
4469:Poland
4444:Panama
4419:Norway
4339:Monaco
4329:Mexico
4289:Malawi
4244:Latvia
4229:Kuwait
4224:Kosovo
4204:Jordan
4179:Israel
4129:Guyana
4119:Guinea
4104:Greece
4084:Gambia
4074:France
3979:Cyprus
3924:Canada
3894:Brunei
3889:Brazil
3869:Bhutan
3859:Belize
3794:Angola
3555:By war
3520:Uganda
3515:Turkey
3505:Taiwan
3445:Serbia
3435:Rwanda
3430:Russia
3415:Poland
3353:Mexico
3323:Latvia
3291:Israel
3246:Guyana
3241:Guinea
3226:Greece
3216:France
3171:Cyprus
3146:Canada
3136:Brazil
2949:(i.e.
2904:Other
2834:Allied
2689:Turkey
2684:Serbia
2672:Russia
2645:Israel
2447:Intent
2403:Topics
2237:
2189:
2168:
2145:
2064:
2027:
1980:
1821:
1811:
1645:Pogrom
1491:nobles
1479:Sweden
1428:clades
1339:macecr
1307:, and
1297:pogrom
1260:("The
1150:Russia
1130:Kuwait
1125:Israel
986:School
971:Piracy
904:Threat
899:Letter
792:online
681:Jewish
660:Mormon
345:Family
55:Murder
4749:Yemen
4659:Tonga
4624:Syria
4604:Sudan
4594:Spain
4519:Samoa
4479:Qatar
4434:Palau
4399:Niger
4379:Nepal
4374:Nauru
4309:Malta
4264:Libya
4214:Kenya
4199:Japan
4184:Italy
4154:India
4134:Haiti
4099:Ghana
4079:Gabon
4024:Egypt
3949:China
3944:Chile
3864:Benin
3545:Yemen
3500:Syria
3495:Sudan
3485:Spain
3363:Nepal
3333:Libya
3318:Kenya
3313:Japan
3303:Italy
3266:India
3251:Haiti
3196:Egypt
3156:China
3151:Chile
2665:Hamas
2655:Japan
2650:Italy
2062:S2CID
1671:Notes
1461:were
1457:) in
1451:Turku
1357:Blois
1337:word
1165:Syria
1145:Qatar
1135:Libya
991:Spree
966:Paper
909:Proxy
666:Hindu
435:Other
4654:Togo
4459:Peru
4424:Oman
4304:Mali
4239:Laos
4169:Iraq
4164:Iran
4064:Fiji
3974:Cuba
3939:Chad
3405:Peru
3343:Mali
3281:Iraq
3276:Iran
2839:Axis
2412:and
2345:1864
2235:ISBN
2222:2013
2187:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2143:ASIN
2092:2022
2025:ISBN
1978:OCLC
1954:2019
1926:2017
1890:2017
1857:2017
1830:2023
1819:ISSN
1809:ISBN
1769:2017
1333:The
1289:loan
1120:Iran
1007:list
888:list
863:list
686:Sikh
2054:doi
1799:doi
1523:'s
1477:in
1449:in
1413:by
1401:by
1395:in
1349:in
884:Car
592:By
307:War
4775::
2953:)
2213:.
2164:.
2160:.
2082:.
2060:.
2050:24
2048:.
2015:;
1942:.
1912:.
1906:.
1874:.
1846:.
1817:.
1807:.
1793:.
1789:.
1758:.
1740:.
1565:.
1554:.
1527:.
1493:.
1388:.
1372:,
1311:.
1303:,
1299:,
1295:,
1272:A
555:on
3758:e
3751:t
3744:v
2996:e
2989:t
2982:v
2516:‡
2272:e
2265:t
2258:v
2243:.
2224:.
2195:.
2174:.
2149:.
2094:.
2068:.
2056::
2033:.
1984:.
1956:.
1928:.
1892:.
1859:.
1832:.
1801::
1795:5
1771:.
1744:.
1703:.
1242:e
1235:t
1228:v
1156:)
1152:(
1009:)
890:)
865:)
794:)
790:(
677:)
673:(
662:)
658:(
537:e
530:t
523:v
34:.
20:)
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