Medininkai - Knowledge

664: 978: 1677:. Since regaining independence it has become a piece of the politically loaded national historiographic narrative, supposed to demonstrate the ancient grandeur of Lithuania and glory of the Lithuanian nation. Hence, in the 21st century it was subject to far-reaching works going far beyond conservation of the ruins; on basis of historian's idea of the original construction the decayed walls were subject to major overhaul. They were heightened, reinforced and leveled; a tower, supposed to be the reconstruction of the original, has been constructed in the north-eastern corner. Its lower floors currently host an exposition; apart from models and drawings it contains artefacts from the medieval history of Lithuania. As a result, an opened dilapidating ruin became a closed museum, subject to entry fee. The castle periodically is location to theme festivals, related to medieval history of Lithuania. 1001:. In the fall of 1921, during the first official census, the village was beyond the state frontiers; the following census, dated 1931, recorded 79 households and 504 inhabitants. It excluded minor colonies and settlements which are now de facto parts of Medininkai, like Kurhany/Pilkapiai (45 houses, 249 inhabitants) or Józefowo/Juozapinė (respectively 14 and 64) Religious statistics reveals similar data; in 1927 the entire parish amounted to 2,877 faithful, in 1931 to 3,017, and in 1934 to 3,287. The latter comprised 502 faithful in Medininkai alone; other major locations were Kurhany/Pilkapiai (294), Żemajtele/Žemaitėliai (223), Gudzie/Gudai (201), Podwarańce/Padvarionys (197), Dworce/Dvarčiai (181), Bojary/Bajorai (127) and Wołkogule/Valkagulia (116). The community was almost entirely Catholic; there were merely 3 Orthodox faithful and a handful of Jews recorded. 770: 1177:

major objective was ensuring that the crumbling walls would not decay further on. In 1967 a modern, large school building was completed. In 1981 there were new modules added: a gym hall, canteen and library; there was also an outdoor sport compound built. In the 1970s and 1980s some 40-50 students were completing education every year. Other investments visible until today are 4 residential multi-flat blocks, a large kindergarten, the community office and a shop. The less visible investments are the water supply network and the partially completed sewage system. Because of fairly decent public bus transport and 1-hour-commuting time more and more villagers decided to seek employment in Vilnius and commuted each day to and from the city. Except brief periods, religious service was continuously offered in the church every Sunday.

1295:(62), though borders between them are vague (e.g. the closest buildings in Medininkai and Pilkapiai are separated by some 500 metres). Both the Medininkai eldership and the Medininkai village are subject to ongoing population decline; since the fall of the USSR the number of villagers fell by 30%, and in 2021-2022 the eldership lost 43 people. Among the eldership population (no data for Medininkai separately) 63% are aged 18–65 (860 people), 21% are minors (284), and 17% are the retired (230). The eldership recorded the second lowest share of minors and the third highest share of retirees in the county. Medininkai is also one of the elderships with the lowest proportion of males vs females, the phenomenon typical for rural regions. Like in most elderships south-east of Vilnius, most of the population are 1148:. The school, opened in the late 1940s, adopted Polish as the language of instruction, though the management layer was formed by Russians. Until the late 1950s the school educated students until late teenage; in 1956-8 there were 25 boys and girls who completed the curriculum. Later the school switched to 8th grade profile, and since then there was no school above the primary school level in Medininkai. In 1959 Nowa Wilejka/Naujoji Vilnia was incorporated into Vilnius; as a result, the Medininkai Commune was moved from the Naujoji Vilnia County to the Vilnius County. In 1963 the commune was dissolved and Medninkai was incorporated into the newly established Podwarance/Padvarionys Commune, but 1965 marked return to the old setup. What ratio of villagers were members of the 907:) in the Vilnius Governorate. The official census of 1905 lists 9 separate settlements named "Мьдники". Though at the turn of the centuries the place was still officially considered a town, in the census mentioned it is already categorized as "деревня" (village). The exact date when Medninkai lost its urban status is not known; most likely it was re-categorized with no tangible practical implications. The village listed consisted of 269 inhabitants. However, all settlements named Мьдники, in the census usually categorized as "усадьба" (hamlet), together numbered 415 inhabitants. The census listed separately hamlets and colonies which are now often considered parts of Medininkai, like Курганы (Kurhany, 222 inhabitants) or Язово (Józefowo, 34). 916: 1655:, especially in the Grand Duchy. The Medininkai monastery is very compact; in the 21st century there have been usually no more than 5 friars hosted at the premises. At the turn of the centuries it was the centre of Franciscan rebirth in Lithuania; currently it is one of 3 Franciscan monasteries in the country. The parish and the monastery take care of the cemetery, located near the plot where the old, pre-1834 church used to stand. The oldest existing graves come from the 1860s; it is still where the defunct villagers are laid to rest. There are few private cemeteries on the parish territory (Czapuniszki, Gudzie, Koleśniki, Kule, Małyniszki, Tumasy, Żemły); last burials took place there in the 1960s. 610: 1287:, one of 10 first-level administration units in Lithuania. According to the number of inhabitants recorded in 2011 (1,374), the eldership is among the least populated ones in the country and ranks 439. in Lithuania. According to territory (62.9 km) it is also one of smallest ones and ranks 404. in Lithuania. According to population density (22 persons per km) the eldership ranks mid-range at position 255. Of the total eldersip surface some 50 km is cultivated agricultural area, 10.8 km is forests, and the rest is settlements, barren land and water (mostly small lakes and ponds). The eldership falls into 5 sub-elderships (lit. seniūnaitija), 4-level smallest admin units 358: 900:; he took over also the former religious property, of unclear status since the parish and monastery had been closed down. Following the abolition of serfdom and gradual enfranchisment, estates started to become the property of local peasants, turning into independent farmers; documents from the 1880s note that the land near Medininkai was the property of „generała Łabińcowa i włościan”. It is not clear who inherited the estate once Labyntsev passed away; a document from 1897 notes as "the sole heir" his granddaughter Katarzyna Drohojowska née Komar, but later data lists as the owner her mother, Elżbieta Komarowa, daughter to general Labyntsev. 554: 790:. This period is marked by property transformations. Estates around the town, which until the end of the Commonwealth belonged to grand dukes, were seized by the imperial economy. Then they were put on sale and acquired by Ignacy Grabowski, previously a high functionary of the Grand Duchy Tribunal. When taking possession of his new property in 1796 he seized also the Augustian hospital, evicted the sick and took over the estate; the county court ordered him to give back the land and the premises, but it is not clear to what effect. Grabowski, who in new political conditions became counselor to 1090: 49: 1404: 1664: 1186: 753:. In the 1780s and 1790s the Canons monastery, still operational in the town, was running a primary school. Its books indicate that boys "of urban descent" prevailed, though there were also boys "of rural descent" and exceptionally also few "of noble descent". The Augustians were also running a small hospital for the poor, but for most of the 18th century the monastery was related to scandals resulting from lack of discipline. According to some sources Medininkai was "in the possessions of Duke Radziwiłł". 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deal done. Location of the plot purchased was not very convenient, as it was placed somewhat away from the village, on the other side of the castle ruins. In 1927 the villagers purchased the closed church in Rukojnie/Rukainiai. It was disassembled and re-assembled in Medininkai, consecrated in 1929; it was the sixth subsequent shrine in the village. In the 1920s there were schools open in Medininkai (180 students), Podwarańce/Padvarionys, Żemajtele/Žemaitėliai and Nielidziszki/Nelidiskai; after the so-called

509:. Their preceptor and mentor, who spent long months if not years in the castle, was Jan Długosz, a monumental figure in Polish medieval historiography. Following the death of Prince Casimir, who passed away already considered a quasi-saint in Lithuania, in 1484 his remnants were buried in the castle, though not clear whether in the walls or in a purpose-built sepulchral crypt; they would remain there during the following over 150 years. The place played also important ceremonial roles, e.g. in 1494 the 1613: 1547: 480: 83: 1268: 1487: 626:, castle or parish church, but it lacked city walls or bricked houses; there is neither any information on functioning of municipal self-government. The town owned some 1,250 ha, e.g. twice the amount owned by the monastery. It was also due to deliver numerous fiscal contributions, e.g. a document from 1594 lists them meticulously even for minor hamlets and settlements. It is known that Medininkai still counted among major places, e.g. the Vilnius 577:, there is no information about city walls being built around Medininkai. The local military unit continued to operate as a separate formation, e.g. on periodical review of local nobility of 1528 the boyars from the area were supposed to produce 138-men-strong cavalry detachment (out of nobility-raised 19,842 cavalry for the entire Grand Duchy); it was only in the 1560s that "chorąstwo miednickie" was incorporated into a unit raised in the entire 1023: 1161: 64: 934:, so the old one might be moved to Medininkai. However, there were also other villages who set their eyes on the Ławaryszki/Lavoriškės building; the matter got stuck in the bishopic bureaucracy and has not been solved until the collapse of the Russian rule in the area. In the early 20th century there was a 3-grade Russian school operational in the village; in 1911 there were 34 boys attending the classes. 154: 1065:. It carried out a number of combat operations against the Germans and during brief spells controlled minor locations, like Szumsk/Šumskas or Turgiele/Turgeliai; it is known that on February 23, 1944, its sub-units mounted an ambush near Medininkai, but it is not clear whether the battalion has ever seized the village itself. In early July 1944 the joint command of Home Army units, assembled 463:. Starting with a certain Gleb Andreevitsch, named in the document of 1453, there are 13 boyars listed as representatives of the grand duke until the mid-16th century; they were named "palatinus", "praefectus", "castellanus", or "tivunus". Usually they were holding tenures of land estates located around the castle and the settlement, though the estates remained the property of grand dukes. 717: 883: 941:. In 1916 the bishop agreed to the parish having been re-established in the village and a church to be built. In 1917 a temporary chapel was constructed; the new parish accounted for 3,287 faithful, most of them taken over from the Taboryszki/Tabariškės parish. During the following few years the village changed hands a few times. In January 1919 the withdrawing Germans were 858:

Kamińska purchased Grabowski's payable notes and became the next owner. In 1857 she was permitted to build a small chapel, completed the same year near foundations of the disassembled church. Kamińska ensured also the religious service, though formal status of a priest saying the mass is not clarified. After 3 years and in unknown circumstances the priest was moved to the

532:, and few authors even point to the year of 1486 as the date, but details remain unknown and the reliability of this claim is disputed. Late medieval chronicles mention the place as "oppidum", which points to the castle and its military role rather than to a settlement of urban features. There is no source information on usual medieval urban self-governing bodies, like a 692:(16). During half-a-century between the years of 1652 and 1702 there were 1,388 children baptised in the parish. Following demographic disaster related to the Muscovite invasion, Medininkai regained dynamics in the last two decades of the century, when on average there were 70-80 children baptised every year. However, the town has already lost its standing; a decree by 1316: 412:; it is most likely they who delivered religious service in the Medininkai church. The year of 1398 brings the first information about a representative of the grand duke and his powers in Medininkai; he is mentioned as a certain "Careybo" (Korejwo, Korejko). His rule was rather shaky, though; in 1402 another raid of Teutonic Order knights, this time commanded by 828: 425: 846:

administration embarked on a repressive course. In late 1831 the Canons following some 400 years of service were forced to abandon the village. The full-scale drama unfolded in 1832, when the governorate officials closed down the church and declared the parish dissolved. The faithful were distributed among the neighboring parishes of Turgiele/Turgeliai,

90: 1173:, completed in the late 1970s. It was some 2 km north and parallel to historical route from Medininkai to Ahmyeny. It spared the village the nuisance of growing heavy traffic, but on the other hand it turned Medininkai into a backwater spot with agricultural machinery and horse carts having been most or the only vehicles. 896:; it bypassed the village running some 2 km north of the Ashmyany road, and the nearest station turned to be Kiena/Kena, some 12 km away. According to data from 1885 the Medininkai population was 297, mostly Catholics. At this time the estate again changed hands; after the Kamiński family, its new owner was general 680:

abducting great share of the population into Russia. It is known that the population of Vilnius shrank from 40 to 5 thousand, though it is not clear what was the demographic loss suffered by Medininkai. It was probably enormous, as in the 1660s and 1670s there were very few children baptised in the parish church every year.

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historical west–east axis of the village, running below the castle, was reduced to secondary role; the centre of gravity moved above the ruins, along the north–south axis. Traditional centre of the village gradually became an empty crossroads also because of the major infrastructural investment in the region: the

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the time the church building ceased to exist; one historian speculates it might have been the result of fire. The Canons were re-established by a separate foundation in 1540 and it was then that the friars returned to the town. The new church of Holy Trinity was built centrally by the main road leading to

1576:. The school is housing so-called Museum of Local History, founded by a teacher Aleksander Olenkowicz; it is dedicated to Medininkai and its environs. There is also a Memory Room, which presents the history of the institution, a library and a local folk group, which used to perform also beyond Lithuania. 1413:

Formally the key point of the official infrastructure is the eldership office, which hosts also scaled-down post services. The eldership is responsible for the Secondary School of St. Casimir. There were 15 teachers on the payroll in the schooling year of 2022/2023; on its website the school provides

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the settlement reached the status of a town, but it failed to develop into a major urban centre. Over time the place was losing importance, and at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries it was reduced to a village. The area has retained its traditionally rural character, though during recent decades

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or as neighbourhood mutual assistance. Some people take advantage of the nearby Lithuanian-Belarus border crossing and offer services related, like sale of insurance, highway vignettes, currency exchange etc. State employers are the local eldership office, the school and the kindergarten. A sizeable

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Medininkai and surroundings remained a typical agricultural area, with no industrial facilities built. What change the village was a housing estate, developed by the Kolkhoz for its employees since the mid-1970s. Buildings were located along a network of streets south of the church. As a result, the

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The overwhelming majority of the Medininkai neighbourhood residents were farmers or agricultural workers; apart from few small brickyards and sawmills there were no industrial facilities in the area. Migration to Vilnius and other urban centres was minor. Elżbieta Komarowa, who commenced parcelation

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the insurgents took control of the neighboring Ashmyany in the spring of 1831, but none of the sources consulted notes any rebel activity in Medininkai, except some insurgents receiving assistance in the nearby estate of the Koziełł-Poklewski family. Despite this, having re-taken control the Russian

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and adopted the Roman Catholic faith, which is usually considered as the christening of Lithuania. In an accompanying act he set up and endowed 7 churches, among them the one in Medininkai. According to historians it demonstrates that there was already some sort of settlement beyond the castle walls

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route, though its exact role remains uncertain. Historiographic accounts from the 19th century, rooted in a somewhat loose interpretation of sources, advanced the theory that Algirdas and his wife were frequent visitors to the place. However, the first scientifically accepted note on the fortress is

1466:(its 2-km-long eastern sector ends at the Belarus frontier). There is no railway line in the eldership. On the distance of some 9 km the eastern border of the eldersip overlaps the state frontier between Lithuania and Belarus. The key state investment in Medininkai is the border guards school ( 1240:

In line with general political and economic change the "Red Banner" kolkhoz was disbanded, and its estates and properties were divided among local coopratives, enterprises and private individuals; some plots expropriated half a century earlier returned to heirs of the original owners. Nearby border

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The village was plugged into the electric power grid in the early 1960s. Ruins of the Medininkai castle twice underwent some conservation works, for the first time at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, and then in the early 1970s. In both cases there were minor excavation works carried out, while the

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At the time the owner of the Medininkai estate was first the son of Ignacy Grabowski, Józef and then his relative Apolinary Grabowski, major of the imperial Russian army and deputy chairman of the Vilnius county nobility. Under his rule the economy got heavily indebted; in the 1850s a certain Zofia

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There is some statistical data available for the second half of the 17th century, based on evidence reported in the parish books. It is hence known that in 1690 Medininkai consisted of 39 houses; application of converters typical for the era suggests that the population was around 300. It was about

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receiving new endowments and donations. The discipline within the monastery deteriorated; in 1523 the Canons left Bystritsa, and in 1528 they were removed from Medininkai for "non-compliance with rules of the order"; it was manifested e.g. by drunken episodes and dereliction of duty. Most likely at

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when coming back from Moscow in 1517 noted that he saw the Medininkai castle devastated; it is not clear whether this was the result of Muscovite troops having seized and routed the fortress or another cause, e.g. an accidental fire. None of the sources consulted mentioned that the castle performed

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in 1931-1934 there were 358 children baptised in the parish, while delta between the number of the faithful in 1931 and 1934 was 270 osób. Given typical death ratio for the period (the parish books which contain the record of funerals did not survive until today), the figures correspond to natural

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e.g. in 1629 the Halicz archbishop, also the archimandrite of the Holy Trinity Monastery in Vilnius Rafał Korsak charged a certain Mikołaj Matuszkowski with looting the monasterial property in Medininkai, Makarczyk 2022, pp. 47-48. It is not clear why the Orthodox hierarch complained about estates

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and a wooden totem, styled after the old pagan symbols. For some time the objects were subject to controversy; unknown perpetrators used to vandalise the place, e.g. by pouring paint on the rock. New measurement works of 2004 revealed that the actual height of Juozapinė Hill is lower than believed

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is in decline, and a cow or a horse on Medininkai pastures is becoming sort of a rarity. Many households still keep small gardens, orchards or cultivated plots, but usually for own consumption and only with minor or no part of the production intended for sale; the same applies to poultry and pigs.

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was destroyed by fire, it is not clear whether the result of arson or an accident. The parochial census of 1827 documents another period of demographic regress; it recorded 208 households and 1,386 faithful, merely 40% of the population listed in the census carried out 46 years earlier. Medininkai

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broke out in 1654. In 1655 the Muscovite army seized most of eastern and central Lithuania and entered Vilnius; the occupation lasted until 1660. Its results were tragic; the Muscovite troops inflicted massive damage upon the area, not only by total destruction of numerous settlements, but also by

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produced further donations for the Medininkai boyars, but not for the town itself. As political and economic regime of the Duchy petrified, the landed nobility was getting increasingly influential. The 1620s are marked by expropriations and confiscations of municipal and religious estates by local

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since re-establishment of the parish in 1927-1929 there were some 140 christenings recorded annually, Makarczyk 2022, p. 138. These were record figures in the entire history of the place. So high an average probably resulted from the fact that when the parish church was away, some parents did not

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and sexual exploitation of women by Lithuanian servicemen, and Medininkai attracted attention of the EU representatives. Following media criticism in the fall of 2022 the migrants were moved to centres elsewhere and the Medininkai camp was dismantled. Some military plans envision Medininkai to be

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might prove disastrous; she decided to sell the rest of her estates in advance, before the law comes into force. The process was marked by tension and conflict; when the villagers decided to purchase a plot for a future church, intervention of the official land estate office was needed to get the

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or municipal judicature. It is known, though, that as the town was located on a major trade route, it was of fundamental financial importance for the dukes; a document from 1486 confirms that two inns in Medininkai were producing major gains both for the tenants and for the grand dukes. The first

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Medininkai were within the sector operated by the Soviet 36. Cavalry Division, which advanced along the Boruny – Oszmiana – Medininkai – Vilnius axis. Once it crushed minor Polish resistance on Sep 17, on Sep 18 it was ordered to seize Vilnius by the end of the day. However, the division reached

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One of statutory ZPL activities is contributing to Polish culture in Lithuania. Its Medininkai branch is co-organising various competitions for children and teenagers, sight-seeing tours across Lithuania, journeys in footsteps of Polish history in Vilnius and elsewhere, and excursions to Poland,

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was back in central Lithuania. In extremely harsh winter conditions (on Dec 6 the temperature in Medininkai was -37,5 °C) when seeking wood to warm up, the troops stationed in the town burnt down all facilities within the castle and destroyed a large part of the town itself; the French also

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e.g. Maciej Stryjkowski in his 16th-century chronicle mentions the year of 1313 as the moment that construction of the Medininkai castle started. The source of this information is not clear; moreover, the author might have referred to another place named "Medniki", where he served as a canon in

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Theoretically the key cultural outpost in Medininkai is the local House of Culture, constructed already during the Soviet era. In the early 21st century its manager was Katažina Zvonkuvienė, later a dancer, singer and a Lithuanian show-business celebrity; recently the facility is mostly closed.

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across western borders of the country, to Poland and Lithuania. In order to accommodate migrants detained by Lithuanian border guards in the fall of 2021 the Vilnius government built a temporary site, named Foreigners Registration Centre. During the peak period it housed some 900 migrants. Soon

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In the early modern era Medininkai was within a "fairly large, but rather poor group of towns", which evolved from medieval lower castle settlements. However, none of them developed towards a typical large urban format. On the one hand, Medininkai boasted of various privileges for the mayor and

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visited it a number of times, e.g. in 1415 it was there that he was writing a letter to master of the Teutonic Order, and when referring his 1426 stay a medieval chronicle notes "unsere husse Medniki". Most likely at the time the stronghold underwent major upgrade, and a previous earth-wooden

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in the Medininkai electoral district AWPL gathered 79% of all votes cast and it was the third best result of the party in the Vilnius County. Local ZPL and AWPL branches focus on raising living standards and maintaining the Polish identity of the population. However, efforts of local Polish

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is Polish. Another facility of the educational infrastructure is the kindergarten. The eldership maintains a network of streets in the village; in the early 2020s there were 12 of them. It is also responsible for maintenance of 46.2 km local roads; 42 km of them are categorized as

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In 1778 the fire broke out in religious premises and the 250-year-old church was burnt down to the ground. Reconstruction works commenced a few years later and probably in 1788 a new, already third shrine, was completed; it was also a wooden building. For reasons which are not clear it got

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on September 17, 1939, two days later Medininkai was seized by the Red Army with no combat recorded. After a month, in late October the area was ceded by the Soviets to the Republic of Lithuania. The newly established Lithuanian-Soviet frontier separated Medininkai from some of its remote

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The scale and character of the settlement behind the castle walls are not clear. At unspecified time a parish has been erected in Medininkai; in the mid-15th century the local church is referred to as a parish church and it is known that it operated a school for children. As the Catholic

4270: 1524:, located 20 km away from Medininkai. Despite protests of the Lithuanian government the plant has been opened and remains operational. Another Lithuanian-Belarusian controversy turned out to be the migrant issue. Since the summer of 2021 the Belarus authorities launched the 3860:

in 1994 the Lithuanian parliamen adopted a law, which permitted only political parties to participate in elections. Since ZPL was registered as a generic type of organisation, its members set up AWPL. On its domination in the Poles-inhabited regions see Gediminas Kazėnas,

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In 1900-1902 the villagers tried to get the parish re-established; eventually the Russian administration did not consent. Already in 1905 the villagers resumed their efforts; this time they addressed the religious hierarchy; in a letter to the Vilnius bishop

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Seweryn Zygmunt Stanisław Drohojowski (1861-?) married Katarzyna Komarówna (1875-?) in 1897, noted as the only heir of the Medininkai estate. She was daughter to Antoni Komar from Szumsk and Elżbieta, daughter to general Labyntsev, Jerzy Dunin Borkowski,

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the parish also recorded demographic growth, as in the mid-18th century on average there were some 135 children baptised every year; such figures were recorded again only in the mid-1920s, once the parish would be re-erected. During the early rule of the

1478:. Following some 2 years of construction work, it was opened in 2007. The compound is located somewhat away from the village and consists of some 10 large buildings; students are hosted in barracks. Graduation is equal to obtaining a university diploma. 3323:

in the Soviet Lithuania Poles were underrepresented within the Communist Party of Lithuania; by the end of the Soviet era Poles formed 3,45% of the party members, while they formed some 7% of the entire population, Aleksander Srebrakowski,

1624:. In case the 1916-erected parish is considered continuation of the 1832-abolished parish, it is now over 600-year old and counts among the oldest ones on the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The parish forms part of the 641:

did not spell much change for Medininkai, except that the now electable Polish kings and Lithuanian dukes when residing in the Grand Duchy lived in Vilnius and no longer visited other locations, as was their habit before. The rule of

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no information as to the number of class groups or students. The number of teenagers who completed the curriculum keeps falling; there were 40-50 graduates annually in the 1980s, but since the 1990s the figure is around 10. The

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According to the 2011 census there were 37 settlements in the eldership. Medininkai was inhabited by 580 people; other largest settlements were Podwarańce/Padvarionys (114), Łabiszki/Laibiškės (72), Kurhany/Pilkapiai (68) and

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settled in Medininkai; few others followed. In 1994 a small Franciscan monastery was set up in the village, the first one after the Augustians had been evicted 163 years earlier. Very briefly the monastery consisted also of a

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in the Vilnius Area County the share of minors is 21.9%, in Medininkai Eldership it stands at 19.6%. In the county the share of pensioners is 18.7%, in Medininkai it stands at 26,8% (third after Bujwidze and Rukojnie,

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looted the place before withdrawing further west. Grabowski continued his private war; 1815 marks another assault of his men, who robbed municipal property and cut down much of the municipal forest. The same year the

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the parish counted 367 houses, it is some 2.7 times more than the figure recorded 100 years earlier; the census from 1781 recorded 3.482 Catholics in the parish. The town consisted of a market square and 6 streets.

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Medininkai was among 9 communes which protested. However, unlike the communes like Rukojnie/Rukainiai or Suderwa/Sudervė, Medininkai did not declare itself "Polish nationality commune", Barbara Jundo-Kaliszewska,

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in 1988 the Medininkai Commune protested against planned legislation, which would strengthen position of the Lithuanian language; in 1989 the Supreme Soviet of LSRR ignored the protest. During emergence of the

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structure was replaced with stone-and-brick walls with towers and bastions. In the first half of the 15th century it was probably the largest construction of this type in Lithuania, by far larger even than the

4043: 1221:; it ran some 2 km from the centre of Medininkai. In 1994 the post-Soviet local self-government, Council of People's Deputies, was dissolved. In 1995 the third-level admin unit, the Medininkai Eldership ( 1591:

Sort of cultural activity is carried out by the Medininkai parish and the Franciscan monastery. It is calibrated along religious lines and related to the liturgical timeline, including lectures preceding the

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existent at the time. It proves also that Medininkai was among key points in the state infrastructure. The church has indeed been constructed. In 1391 Jogaila subordinated the shrine to the newly erected

1209:; on July 31, 1991, 7 officials of the Lithuanian customs, border and security services were killed at the border crossing. According to Lithuanian juridical authorities, they were victims of the Soviet 3888: 3607:

Miedniki/Medininkai, Łabiszki/Laibiškėsi, Podwarańce/Padvarionys, Słoboda/Slabada i Słobódka/Slabadka. 1-level admin unit is apskritis, 2-level unit is savivaldybė, 3-level is seniūnija, and 4-level is

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mayors were/are people related to ZPL and AWPL: Czesław Ancukiewicz (1995-1997), Janina Noniewicz (1997-2000), Stanisław Boroszko (2000-2014) and Renata Bogdanowicz (since 2014), Makarczyk 2022, p. 77

969:, Medininkai formed part of the Wilno Południe electoral district. Results below the district level are not known. In April 1922 Medininkai and the entire Vilnius region was incorporated into Poland. 1073:

started to detain Polish combatants; they were held prisoners within the walls of the Medininkai castle ruins. It is estimated that on July 20 there were between 4 and 6 thousand disarmed Home Army

731:. In 1702 Vilnius was captured by the Swedish army, but it is not known whether the Swedes garrisoned the town before in 1708 the region was seized by Russian troops, theoretically allied with the 1812:

according to some historians, "bardzo dziwnie wygląda pojawienie się największego z nich ... Budowę trudno wytłumaczyć zarówno potrzebami wojennymi, jak i administracyjnymi", Tomas Baranauskas,

1390:

There are few rural retail trade outlets in Medininkai; their number differs depending upon business conditions, usually ranging from 2 to 3. Some services, e.g. barbers, operate bordering the

371:; it was either him or one of minor local dukes who initiated the construction. An unclear and not necessarily reliable chronicle points rather to the early 14th century, i.e. the times of the 3903: 851: 4118: 1621: 903:

Following the administrative reform from the turn of the centuries Medininkai formed part of the Szumsk/Šumskas Commune (Шумская волость), which in turn formed part of the Vilnius County (

493:

The second half of the 15th century marks Medininkai's golden era, the period when the place enjoyed the most prestigious status. During long strings the grand duke and the king of Poland

1565:

The museum focuses on organizing various types of events in the castle; they usually combine some popular education threads, related to its history, and entertainment. They might embrace

1581: 2681: 1525: 3107:

bother to baptise their children, but decided to make up when the church was built nearby. In the 1930s the average dropped to some 120 christenings annually, Makarczyk 2022, p. 138

735:. Medininkai was undergoing the period of moderate territorial growth; the 1730 inventory of municipal estates for the first time listed some new hamlets, like Kamienny Ług. In the 585: 409: 1241:

crossing at the key highway between Vilnius and Minsk triggered emergence of business from logistics and transport sectors. In the early 1990s a member of the Polish branch of the

1680:

Another magnet attracting tourists to Medninkai is a hill, declared the highest natural point in the country. Until the early 21st century it was believed that it is located at

1632:. On working days the service is held once, on Sundays and religious holidays three times a day. Religious service is only in Polish. The villagers remain fairly religious; the 942: 1097:

Within the re-built Soviet Lithuanian structures Medininkai was again incorporated into the Szumsk/Šumskas Commune. Very few of its inhabitants decided to join the organized

4100:, Warszawa 2021, ss. 43. However, latest news suggest that there is far greater chance of deploying a Bundeswher brigade in Medininkai, Lidia Gibadło, Joanna Hyndle-Hussein. 1113:). In case of some hamlets, like Józefowo/Juozapinė, the rate of the deported reached 11%. The deportees who survived returned to Medininkai or travelled further west to 769: 671:

In the early 1650s the church underwent major rehaul; it was financially supported by the royal secretary Dymitr Karp. In 1654 a rare away sitting of the Vilnius County

2692:

one account mentions escape "do Miednik Janusza Koziełły, skąd przebrałem się przez Kamienny Łog, gdzie Czerkasy pilnowali stacyi pocztowej", after: Sławomir Kalembka,

961:

against the Warsaw government. None of the sources consulted provides information on the fate of Medininkai during these turbulent times. During elections to so-called

2844:

Ivan Mikhailovich Labyntsev (1802-1883) gained his laurels mostly during Caucasian campaigns and the Hungarian campaign of 1848, В. П. Пономарёв, В. М. Шабанов (ed.),

3916:

various Lithuanian juridical instances keep ordering that bilingual placename signs mounted by municipal authorities be dismantled, see e.g. Stanisław Tarasiewicz,

1751: 1569:, concertos, sport competitions, lectures, plays, workshops etc. In case of good weather they attract hundreds of visitors, including many travelling from Vilnius. 1206: 1190: 783: 850:

and Rukojnie/Rukainiai; Medininkai was assigned to the Taboryszki parish. In 1834 the building of the closed church was disassembled and materiel was moved to the

684:

30% of the population of the entire parish, which comprised also neighboring villages; on its territory there were 137 households, with key villages having been

1101:, and almost all preferred to stay on their family economy. However some farmers, usually owners of larger properties who employed hired workforce, were dubbed 1069:, was located in the village of Wołkorabiszki, some 8 km from Medininkai. Following a successful joint Home Army and Soviet operation the Red Army and the 1043: 2523:

According to another account after the 1778 fire the church was rebuilt in 1783, but was lost in another fire, to be reconstructed in 1788, Trajdos 2017, p. 24

367:

Beginnings of Medininkai are related to a fortress. According to some historians it might have been built already in the late 13th century, during the era of

1098: 3628: 4079: 3254:

there are 7 individuals known by name as deported from Józefowo, Makarczyk 2022, pp. 362-364; the 1934 census recorded 64 inhabitants of the hamlet, see

3928: 3566:

e.g. Trumtransa, the transport-expedition company based in Medininkai, was registered in 1996, see the certificates presented at the corporate web page

647:

boyars, which resulted in a spate of protests to the royal court. The Medininkai prestige suffered enormously in 1632, when remnants of prince Casimir,

1371:

and Belarus and/or Russia. A similar Medininkai company, Hegvita Agro, apart from activities listed also leases buses and specialised heavy equipment (

915: 4450:

Kanonicy regularni od pokuty prowincji litewskiej na ziemiach byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w pierwszych latach po rozbiorach Rzeczypospolitej

2197:

Kanonicy regularni od pokuty prowincji litewskiej na ziemiach byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w pierwszych latach po rozbiorach Rzeczypospolitej

904: 892:

In the second half the 19th century Medininkai was getting furtherly marginalised. One of the reasons was the 1873-built railway line from Vilnius to

434:

Since the early 15th century the rule of Lithuanian grand dukes became more stable, and the Medininkai fortress was gradually gaining importance. The

2541:

e.g. in 1781 there were 8 urban boys and 9 rural boys recorded; in 1782 there were 2 noble boys, 5 urban boys and 5 rural boys, Makarczyk 2022, p. 81

1697:

and declared to be 293.8 metres high. A stone circle-shaped ring referring to monarchic Lithuanian mythology has been mounted on top of it; also, an

618:

city-dwellers, e.g. these which exempted them from transportation services; on the other, none of the sources consulted contains information e.g. on

565: 3002:

the district of Wilno Południe recorded the highest turnout of 77%; in Vilnius it was mere 55%, Srebrakowski 1993, p. 84. See also Zenon Krajewski,

1042:; this was also the fate of some more distant fields, which belonged to Medininkai villagers. In June 1940 the village and the entire Lithuania was 811:

was not even marked on a Russian map from the 1820s, though it was located on a major route and though similar or minor neighboring locations, like

609: 2311:

the route from Vilnius to Ashmyany and further east was among the most important ones, leading from the capital of the Grand Duchy, Tomas Čelkis,

1105:

and enemies of the working people. In 1948-1952 53 people, which was around 2% of the parish population, were sentenced to a penal settlement in

990: 919: 1233:). The same year the first local elections were held; both at the commune level and at the county level the strongest part turned out to be the 1058: 622:, and it is despite that the town was located on a busy commercial route from Vilnius eastwards. The town demonstrated some urban features like 4547: 1431: 1039: 1387:. Some companies like Durga are based elsewhere but they operate their offices in Medininkai, e.g. those which offer border-related services. 757:

Medininkai formed part of the Vilnius county in the Vilnius voivodship; in 1795 with remnants of the Grand Duchy it was incorporated into the

4502: 4461: 4443: 4345: 3495: 3481: 3126: 3011: 2853: 2625: 2595: 2502: 2208: 2156: 2117: 2044: 1914: 1881: 1825: 1800: 1778: 1629: 460: 48: 3117:

Murowana Oszmianka only. It resumed the advance since early morning hours of September 19 and reached Vilnius by mid-day, Czesław Grzelak,

1047: 114: 4003: 553: 1509:

councilors did not result in bi-lingual, Lithuanian and Polish placename signs, though there were efforts to bring the matter before the

4552: 4024: 1643:

Religious service in the parish is held by the Franciscans from the 1994-established Medininkai monastery. Since then there have been 7

1505: 178: 357: 82: 2408:

it is assumed that for ethnically Lithuanian areas of the modern era there were 8 persons per every household, Ochmański 1990, p. 160

1520:

In the late 2010s there was much anxiety in Lithuania, and in particular in regions borering Belarus, related to construction of the

998: 3651: 3197: 3167: 3147: 1535: 954: 2616:

a French surgeon doctor Louis Lagneau measured temperature in Medininkai on the frosty morning of December 6, 1812; Adam Zamoyski,

1077:

amassed in the yard of the castle. By August they were marched to the Kiena railway station, loaded into trains and transported to

676: 528:

The exact status of the settlement remains unclear. Some scholars claim that in the 15th century Medininkai was formally granted a

2989:

which included also the communities of Rudomino, Bukojnie, Szumsk, Wornie, Małe Soleczniki and Turgiele, Aleksander Srebrakowski,

1467: 1407: 396: 329: 312: 3826: 389: 2923:

however, some authors claim that as late as in 1912 Medininkai was one of 40 "towns" in the Vilnius county, Malewski 2016, p. 17

1062: 794:, kept harassing the town; as owner of the inn in 1802 he sent his men to assault the tenant of the competitive, Augustian inn. 1693:(292.7 instead of 293.6 metres); the highest point was found to be a nameless hill located some 500 metres south; it was named 1197: 741: 584:

The first half of the 16th century spelled problems in terms of religious service, and it is despite the Medininkai-Bystritsa

2417:

the 2-person monastery owned 2 cows, 1 horse, 1 calf, 3 sheep, 6 pigs, and 4 hens. Their area was 85 ha, Tadeusz M. Trajdos,

1652: 578: 3946: 3617:

the last Soviet data from 1989 recorded 586 inhabitants in Medininkai; early data from the 2021 census shows 413 inhabitants

2700:

4 (2000), p. 107. Already in 1719 Michał Koziełł Poklewski was noted as "ówczesny possessor miednicki", Trajdos 2017, p. 32

1126: 3236:

in the late 1940s the average annual rate of christenings was relatively high, around 96 per annum, Makarczyk 2022, p. 138

1521: 1050:; administrationwise it formed part of the Szumsk/Šumskas Commune within the Vilnius County. In June 1941 Medininkai were 966: 859: 300: 183: 1736:

Katažina Zvonkuvienė (b. 1980), born Katarzyna Niemyćko, Polish-Lithuanian singer and media celebrity, born in Medininkai

1344:

Single enterprises rely on activities which target the Vilnius consumer market, e.g. cultivating and trading in flowers.

1214: 321: 1685: 1633: 1604:. The Medininkai monastery is also co-organizing meditations and debates in the Franciscan Spiritual Centre in Vilnius. 1149: 251: 1710: 3676: 1497: 1089: 938: 2795:, Wilno 1860. Syrokomla's estate, Borejkowszczyzna, was located some 12 km from Medininkai, but in a different parish 1383:) and offers services related to its operations. Highly diversified fleet of both companies ranges from mini-vans to 1114: 1280: 1226: 3970: 3554: 1136:

According to the Soviet standard, theoretically the official languages in Medininkai were the republican one, i.e.

315:

founded one of the first 7 churches here. Medininkai enjoyed its golden era in the late 15th century. In the early

870:

account dedicated to ruins of the castle was published as part of a book, which went to print in 1860. During the

459:

infrastructure in Lithuania was being gradually developed, the Medininkai church became one of 27 churches in the

1636:, which takes place around Christmas, is admitted by 70-80% of households. The most important day in a year, the 1443: 1034: 962: 802: 754: 63: 3783:, the official school website. Internal school documentation and its official website are in Lithuanian, though 2846:Кавалеры Императорского ордена Святого Александра Невского, 1725—1917: биобиблиографический словарь в трёх томах 1663: 958: 863: 2186:

e.g. in the late 15th century a widow Anna Korejowa donated 30 włokas to the monastery , Makarczyk 2022, p. 154

1625: 1558:

Presently there are 4 local institutions which contribute to cultural life in the village: the local branch of

1213:. What used to be the internal Soviet border between the Byelorussian SRR and the Lithuanian SRR turned into a 1185: 994: 700:

for every town of the Vilnius voivodship; Medininkai was obliged to pay 15 złoty per annum, the same amount as

308: 4119:

40-metį švenčianti Katažina Zvonkuvienė – atvirai apie vaikystę, pažintį su vyru ir netikėtus gyvenimo vingius

1559: 4315: 3687:

The most important day in a year in Medininkai is the harvest festival, see the mayor of Medininkai speaking

874:

in the spring of 1863 Medininkai proved a recruitment ground for an insurgent detachment of Józef Śniadecki.

4136: 1720: 1684:, a culmination some 1.5 km from the castle. Traditionally it hosted a rural cross with the pictore of 1601: 1415: 1403: 1225:), was set up. Its headquarters was in Medininkai and the eldership formed part of the Vilnius Area County ( 569: 307:. Beginnings of the village are related to the 14th century. The local castle was among the key ones in the 190: 4044:

Dar vienas skandalas Medininkų užsieniečių registracijos centre: psichologas seksualiai išnaudojo migrantus

3918: 1562:(Trakų istorijos muziejus), the St. Casimir school, the Roman Catholic parish and the local branch of ZPL. 1566: 1514: 1427: 1420: 1170: 1061:

became operational area of Polish partisan units. In early 1944 they were developed into a battalion-size

1011: 986: 736: 732: 693: 675:

took place in Medininkai. However, soon afterwards the town suffered the largest disaster until then. The

443:; its walls of 560 metres length embraced the internal yard of some 2 ha. It was then that the Medininkai 440: 325: 146: 1276: 1222: 950: 296: 1612: 1066: 791: 598: 510: 479: 375:. The most popular theory claims that the stronghold was built in the mid-14th century on orders of the 230: 166: 1651:. In 2023 this role was performed by Józef Makarczyk, the guardian but also a scientist and scholar in 1347:

For few decades the most dynamic Medininkai business is a variety of services related to long-distance

1546: 1267: 1144:. In practice the Kolkhoz language was either Russian or "po prostemu", a rural mixture of Polish and 497:

resided in the castle “to breathe better air”; he was accompanied by his sons, especially the princes

3965: 2805: 1647:, who in parallel headed the parish; until 2020 they appeared as pastoral administrators, later as a 1538:, as part of NATO troops supposed to flank would-be Russian advance corridor from Belarus to Poland. 1051: 1006: 638: 568:, which broke out in 1512, produced enemy incursions deep into central Lithuania. The imperial envoy 542: 494: 413: 240: 3138:

none of the works consulted mentions any combat near Medininkai, see Grzelak 2008, Karol Liszewski,

4243: 4062:

The largest number of migrants trying to enter Lithuania. Medininkai Foreigners Registration Centre

2313:

Stan dróg lądowych i struktura systemu połączeń w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim w końcu XV-XVII wieku

1730: 1145: 1137: 927: 594: 506: 468: 272: 4491:

Odnowa i wytrwałość. Kanonicy regularni od pokuty w Miednikach od połowy XVI do schyłku XVII wieku

1500:(ZPL). Political life in the eldership has been for decades dominated by its political emanation, 957:; in October 1920 the area was seized by Polish units, who for the sake of international politics 1818:Środowiska kulturotwórcze i kontakty kulturalne Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego od XV do XIX wieku 1490: 1435: 1352: 1118: 728: 721: 467:

are listed since the mid-15th century; it is known that there were 40 such tenures in the entire

452: 341: 1486: 643: 573:

any military role afterwards and it seems it was being gradually abandoned. Though at that time

2943:Виленская губерния: полный список населенных мест со статистическими данными о каждом поселении 1517:

and personalities advance threads, supposed to demonstrate Lithuanian character of the region.

862:; also in 1860 the chapel was demolished. At that time the town was visited by a Polish writer 4498: 4457: 4439: 4341: 3647: 3477: 3193: 3163: 3143: 3122: 3007: 2849: 2621: 2591: 2498: 2204: 2152: 2113: 2040: 1910: 1877: 1821: 1796: 1774: 1746: 1698: 1694: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1550: 1327:

Until the early 21st century most Medininkai villagers lived either exclusively or mostly off

842: 787: 652: 557: 541:

having been settled near the castle comes from the year of 1488; they inhabited the hamlet of

337: 333: 4357:

currently the Medininkai castle is a branch of the Trakų istorijos muziejus, see its website

1284: 1230: 601:(1560, 1562). Despite this, the parish was in legal dispute over property with local boyars. 3813:

Vilniaus rajono savivaldybės administracijos Medininkų seniūnijos 2010 m. veiklos programa

2443:

Makarczyk 2022, p. 132; most of the surnames sound Polish, compare Makarczyk 2022, pp. 96-99

1637: 1585: 1391: 1340: 1242: 1141: 871: 514: 288: 280: 3755: 1688:; in the 1990s the authorities mounted atop also a large boulder with inscription honoring 931: 4515: 4469:

Kanonicy regularni od pokuty w Miednikach w ostatnim stuleciu Rzeczypospolitej (1695-1795)

4210: 4174: 2748:"Zamek miednicki, dziś dziedzictwem P. Apolinarego Grabowskiego będący", Michał Baliński, 2607:

apparently the tenant was a Jew, as his name was Nochim Mowszowicz, Makarczyk 2022, p. 103

2419:

Kanonicy regularni od pokuty w Miednikach w ostatnim stuleciu Rzeczypospolitej (1695-1795)

1620:

Medininkai is the centre of the Holy Trinity and St. Casimir parish, organized around the

1572:

Students from the St. Casimir School since 2007 have been issuing a local bulletin, named

1074: 1022: 946: 574: 529: 264: 3844: 1644: 1459: 1331:. Today there are still many households depending upon agrarian jobs, usually related to 798: 774: 701: 4025:

African women protest against discrimination, poor conditions in Lithuanian migrant camp

3568: 2382:

in the 17th century only 4 times the sejmik gathered outside Vilnius, Robert Jurgaitis,

1430:, running some 2 km away from the village centre; it is categorized as major road ( 2065: 1510: 1160: 1130: 965:, organized under the provisional Polish rule within allegedly an independent state of 882: 847: 835: 758: 685: 648: 483: 455:, and 4 of its commanders are known by name for the period until the mid-16th century. 448: 385: 304: 171: 3779: 1513:

bodies. The ratio of Poles in the village is slowly but steadily decreasing. At times

332:. The place enjoys some appeal among tourists; visitors are attracted by ruins of the 4541: 1648: 1368: 1296: 623: 502: 498: 487: 316: 4168: 4154: 3777:

here are 7 hours of Polish vs 5 hours of Lithuanian per week in the curriculum, see

3405: 3307: 1292: 854:

village, where it was re-assembled as the new church of the local parish community.

4382: 3677:

https://web.archive.org/web/20110722153132/http://www.vilniaus-r.lt/get.php?f.10052

1356: 1275:

Within the administrative structure of the country Medininkai is the centre of the

1117:, some as late as in the late 1950s. At the turn of the 1940s and 1950s the forced 1110: 807: 619: 533: 1395:

group of villagers, especially the young ones, commute to Vilnius and work there.

2739:

Józef Grabowski (1794-1830), married to Marianna Sławińska, Makarczyk 2022, p. 64

1724: 1038:

settlements, e.g. Kamienny Ług as part of the Ashmyany County became part of the

4061: 2588:

Rodziny szlacheckie na Litwie w XIX wieku. Powiaty lidzki, oszmiański i wileński

2577:

praca magisterska przyjęta na Uniwersytecie w Białymstoku, Białystok 2007, p. 81

1328: 1300: 867: 3929:

Polskie tabliczki tylko na prywatnych posesjach lub jako informacja turystyczna

1125:. Following the 1950 administrative reform Medininkai became the centre of the 716: 4532: 4520: 4193:

Radio Wilno. Rozmowa Dnia. Wywiad z Renatą Bogdanowicz i o. Piotrem Stroceniem

4192: 4018: 3989: 3794: 3689: 2092: 1384: 1380: 4480:

Najstarsze fundacje dla kanoników regularnych od pokuty w diecezji wileńskiej

3863:

Lithuanian Polish Political Party in Parliamentary Election 2016 in Lithuania

3276: 2284:

e.g. in 1547 the parish priest sued prince Glebovitsch, Makarczyk 2022, p. 92

320:

it started to host transport and spedition businesses, related to the nearby

129: 116: 4370: 1689: 1597: 1529:

media, including foreign news agencies, started to report discrimination of

1447: 1376: 1251: 1247: 1202: 1026: 689: 525:

to Vilnius, were pompously met by Lithuanian representatives in Medininkai.

464: 372: 368: 221: 159: 2195:

the Bystritsa prior murdered a friar from Medininkai, Aldona Prašmantaitė,

1980:

Szkoły parafialne w polsce i na Litwie za czasów Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

1475: 1471: 1463: 1455: 1419:“hardened”. Some criticise the eldership for alleged lack of investment in 1315: 816: 812: 651:

in 1602, were transferred from the castle to the newly built chapel in the

518: 4358: 3889:

Medininkų (Nr.26) rinkimų apylinkė. Savivaldybių tarybų rinkimų rezultatai

2932:

in one case Мьдники was classified as „б. кор” (бывшая корчма, former inn)

2694:

Tajemniczy pamiętnik z powstania 1831 roku na Litwie Ignacego Klukowskiego

1852:

Starożytna Polska pod względem historycznym, jeograficznym i statystycznym

1640:, is partially a religious event, strongly marked by the Catholic spirit. 1367:

service. However, its core activity is road transport, mostly between the

827: 797:

Another disastrous year in the history of Medininkai was 1812. The French

424: 1714: 1451: 1372: 1304: 727:

None of the sources consulted mentions the fate of Medininkai during the

705: 590: 435: 428: 400: 380: 376: 361: 17: 4080:Žiniop. Oficialiai uždarytas Medininkų užsieniečių registracijos centras 2350:

see e.g. the text of a privileged listed in Johann Baptist Albertrandy,

593:, while the renewed parish and cloister received new donations from the 3629:

Rekordowy przyrost ludności w rejonie wileńskim w ciągu dziesięciolecia

3160:

Okręg Wileński Związku Walki Zbrojnej Armii Krajowej w latach 1939-1945

1584:. ZPL is also supporting sports activities and co-financing the annual 1364: 1348: 1218: 1122: 1106: 1005:

of her possessions already in 1908, was anxious that implementation of

750: 631: 627: 340:. The village and the eldership are populated mostly by members of the 21: 2254:

the area needed for sewing 14 barrels of grain, Makarczyk 2022, p. 154

1946:

Eastern Lithuania: A Collection of Historical and Ethnographic Studies

3663:

52,3% are females; in the Vilnius country the share is 51.8%, 53.4%,

2824:

Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich

1439: 1360: 1336: 1332: 1078: 672: 538: 522: 247: 226: 1442:

to Minsk. There are 3 state roads in Medininkai; 5358 runs north to

1057:

Since 1943 the territory south-east of Vilnius as part of so-called

384:

related to the year of 1385, when it was conquered by troops of the

295:) is a village in Lithuania. Administrationwise it is centre to the 3209:

see estimates by an eye-witness, quoted in Wołkonowski 1996, p. 280

2822:

Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Władysław Walewski (ed.),

1723:(1863-1928), Polish conspirator, physicist and geographer, born in 3990:

Sonda Wileńska: Mieszkańcy Miednik o budowie elektrowni w Ostrowcu

3522:

Po ponad dwuletnich rządach lewicy wyborcy Litwy znów wolą prawicę

1662: 1611: 1545: 1485: 1402: 1314: 1266: 1184: 1159: 1102: 1088: 1021: 976: 914: 893: 881: 826: 768: 715: 608: 552: 478: 444: 356: 4495:

Studia z dziejów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (XVI-XVIII wieku)

2384:

Gdzie odbywały się obrady sejmiku wileńskiego w latach 1717-1795?

3644:

Vilniaus apskrities kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės ir jų gyventojai

1593: 1530: 1210: 1070: 4102:

Kontrowersje wokół rozmieszczenia niemieckiej brygady na Litwie

3792:

It maintains 2 language groups, a Lithuanian and a Polish one,

3474:

Zakładnicy historii. Mniejszość polska w postradzieckiej Litwie

1504:(AWPL), which keeps winning subsequent local elections. In the 630:

was composed of 5 so-called keys, corresponding to present-day

447:

formed a separate military unit, named “chorągiew miednicka”;

3403:

before the pre-war wooden parish building served as a school,

1320: 953:; in August 1920 the Bolsheviks handed over to the newly born 3756:

2022-2023 mokslo metais gimnazijoe dirbančių mokytojų sarasas

2352:

Panowanie Henryka Walezjusza i Stefa Batorego królów polskich

328:. Since the early 21st century Medininkai is home to a major 3719: 1814:

Zamki i kościoły litewskie XIV-XV wieku jako ośrodki kultury

819:

were marked; even the Kamienny Ług hamlet was acknowledged.

3795:

Rozmowa Dnia. Wywiad z Renatą Bogdanowicz, starostą Miednik

3707: 3690:

Rozmowa Dnia. Wywiad z Renatą Bogdanowicz, starostą Miednik

1733:(1928-2000), Polish doctor and activist, born in Medininkai 930:

they noted that there had been a new church constructed in

749:

consecrated 3 years later, in 1791, again dedicated to the

311:; in 1387, upon christening of the country, the grand duke 2835:

in some sources spelled "Kamieński", Makarczyk 2022, p. 63

2573:

According to the decanal inventory, after: Iwona Siwicka,

1673:

One of two major tourist attractions of Medininkai is the

765:

Post-partition and Napoleonic periods (early 19th century)

2364:

which apparently belonged to the Roman Catholic monastery

1534:

headquarters of one of rotating brigades from the Polish

1283:, which in turn as one of 8 second-level units forms the 2900:

including "Мьдники Комаровские" and "Мьдники Козелловые"

2332:

nr 564, Vilnius 1966, p. 70, after Makarczyk 2022, p. 74

2302:

see e.g. the privilege dated 1536, Makarczyk 2022, p. 45

2098:

Karta dziejów wileńskiej i nowogródzkiej Armii Krajowej

4004:

Lithuania officially closing Medininkai migrant centre

3827:

Vilniaus rajono savivaldybė stokoja ambicijų. II dalis

1355:, warehouses, workshops, sale of spare parts, renting 1351:. Trumtransa is a Medininkai-based company which runs 4316:

Medininkų pilyje – Vilnijos vietos bendruomenių diena

4172:, official school web page, see also the FB profile 3901:

after Bujwidze/Buivydžiai (85%) and Sawiczuny (84%),

3258:, vol. 1, Województwo Wileńskie, Warszawa 1938, p. 76 3026:, vol. 1, Województwo Wileńskie, Warszawa 1938, p. 76 2889:

Almanach błękitny. Genealogia żyjących rodów polskich

2575:

Dekanat oszmiański w 1784 r. w świetle opisów parafii

2070:

Kniaziowie litewsko-ruscy od końca czternastego wieku

1054:, which commenced over 3 years of German occupation. 755:

third partition of the Lithuanian-Polish Commonwealth

3731: 3496:

Medininkų byla: K.Michailovas kalės iki gyvos galvos

1229:), which in turn formed part of the Vilnius Region ( 1121:

began; the village started to host the “Red Banner”

336:, and the highest natural point in Lithuania, named 4454:

Duchowe korzenie błogosławionego Michała Giedroycia

3326:

Rozwój polskojęzycznej prasy na Litwie po 1944 roku

2201:

Duchowe korzenie błogosławionego Michała Giedroycia

2110:

Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego

1713:(1840-1900), Belarusian author and lawyer, born in 1526:

campaign of transferring Asian and African migrants

1279:; it is one of 23 third-level units which form the 1237:; the first elected mayor was Czesław Ancukiewicz. 677:

war between the Lithuanian-Polish state and Muscovy

237: 220: 212: 207: 199: 189: 177: 165: 145: 32: 3947:Litwinów niepokoją "próby podżegania do nienawiści 3811:6,5 km covered with bitumen, 35,5 km gravel ones, 4211:Medininkų Švč. Trejybės ir Šv. Kazimiero Parapija 3848:, official website of the Lithuanian government 3218:see scholarly estimates, Wołkonowski 1996, p. 282 2698:Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici. Bibliologia 4332:Stanislovas Buchaveckas, Jonas Rimantas Glemža, 3971:Vilniaus ir Šalčininkų rajonų vietovardžių kilmė 1580:including taking part in nationwide events like 1217:between the independent states of Lithuania and 1207:obscure episode, not fully explained until today 330:compound which educates border-control officials 2020:Kanonicy regularni od Pokuty na Litwie w XIX w. 1907:Urzędnicy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Spisy 1752:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts 4533:Józef Makarczyk OFMConv about Medininkai at YT 3456:Nasze rozmowy: do Wilniusa jadę co jeden dzień 2991:Sejm Wileński 1922 roku. Idea i jej realizacja 3075:demographic dynamics with almost no migration 1909:, vol. 1, pp. XIV-XVIII wiek, Warszawa 2004, 1496:The key organisation active in Medininkai is 1254:, moved to Vilnius by the end of the decade. 303:; the district itself is in turn part of the 8: 4452:, Andrzej Bruździński, Tomasz Graff (ed.), 4137:Senųjų amatų šventė kviečia į Medininkų pilį 4022:, service YT 02.03.2022, Djamel Belayachi, 2199:, Andrzej Bruździński, Tomasz Graff (ed.), 1701:has been constructed; the entrance is free. 1014:there was one 6-grade school in Medininkai. 712:Last years of the Grand Duchy (18th century) 3440:Medininki otrzymają nowoczesny system wodny 3256:Wykaz miejscowości Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 3024:Wykaz miejscowości Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej 2484:inventory from 1775, Makarczyk 2022, p. 101 1085:Soviet Lithuania, early decades (1945-1965) 1059:Inspectorate A of the underground Home Army 3383:З. Жемайтите и др. 300 памятников культуры 3292: 3290: 3034: 3032: 3004:Geneza i dzieje wewnętrzne Litwy Środkowej 2793:Wycieczki po Litwie w promieniach od Wilna 2639:Wycieczki po Litwie w promieniach od Wilna 1582:Narodowy Dzień Pamięci Żołnierzy Wyklętych 1156:Soviet Lithuania, late decades (1965-1990) 575:city walls were being built around Vilnius 29: 16:For other locations named "Miedniki", see 4186: 4184: 4175:Gimnazjum im. św. Kazimierza w Miednikach 2717: 2715: 2271: 2269: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 1426:The eldership is not responsible for the 1299:(93.2%). Largest national minorities are 937:In September 1915 the Vilnius region was 408:parish, where he set up the monastery of 3718:see the Hegvita Agro website, available 2967: 2965: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2864: 2862: 2778: 2776: 2658: 2656: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2471: 2469: 2467: 1965: 1963: 1892: 1890: 662: 659:Disaster and rebirth (late 17th century) 521:of grand duke Alexander travelling from 423: 3907:, service Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija 3892:, service Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija 2910: 2908: 2906: 1762: 742:grand duke Stanisław August Poniatowski 219: 206: 144: 109: 75: 57: 45: 4416:Lietuvoje - naujas aukščiausias kalnas 3706:See the Trumtransa website, available 3632:, service of the Medininkai Eldership 3305:Ludmiła Kamardina i Nadieżda Worobej, 1502:Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania 1235:Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania 878:Post-rising period (late 19th century) 634:; one of them was the Medininkai key. 545:, later to become part of Medininkai. 4493:, S. Górzyński, M. Nagielski (ed.), 3330:Z dziejów polskiej prasy na obczyźnie 3065:data for 1926, Makarczyk 2022, p. 141 1850:Michał Balinski, Tymoteusz Lipinski, 823:The Risings Period (mid-19th century) 236: 211: 198: 188: 176: 164: 7: 2826:, vol. 6, Warszawa 1885, pp. 329-330 1839:Dzieje starożytne narodu litewskiego 1181:Reborn Lithuania (late 20th century) 1048:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic 945:; in April 1919 the Bolsheviks were 782:In Russia Medininkai formed part of 3904:Vilniaus rajono (Nr.58) savivaldybė 3745:2003, p. 123, Makarczyk 2022, p. 79 951:driven away by the Bolshevik troops 911:Crisis and war (early 20th century) 696:specifies some fiscal duties named 581:, of which Medininkai formed part. 416:, seized and burnt the stronghold. 4436:Miedniki Królewskie wczoraj i dziś 4019:Lituanie: le calvaire des migrants 3919:Litwa nie odpuszcza polskim nazwom 2026:vols. 19-20, Warszawa 1910, p. 257 1791:1579-1586, Mieczysław Jackiewicz, 1771:Miedniki Królewskie wczoraj i dziś 1131:Nowa Wilejka/Naujoji Vilnia County 1063:3. Wileńska Brygada Armii Krajowej 89: 14: 3730:see the Durga website, available 3549:, Miryna Kutysz, Joanna Hyndle, 3547:Zwrot ziemi: najnowsze statystyki 3411:Medininkų šv. Kazimiero gimnazija 3370:Lithuania. An Encyclopedic Survey 3313:Medininkų šv. Kazimiero gimnazija 3086:Przewodnik po Litwie i Białejrusi 2811:Powstanie Styczniowe - uczestnicy 1600:concertos or events accompanying 451:noted its taking part during the 322:Lithuania-Belarus border crossing 4526:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 4388:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 4338:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija 4241:at 8:30 AM, 11:30 AM i 3:30 PM, 2024:Podręczna Encyklopedia Katolicka 1628:, which in turns is part of the 1515:nationalist Lithuanian groupings 1164:Medininkai school (present view) 420:Development (early 15th century) 334:castle, now turned into a museum 152: 88: 81: 62: 47: 1506:2023 Lithuanian local elections 1436:European E28 transport corridor 860:Carmelitan monastery in Vilnius 4041:zob. np. Dominyka Bukšaitytė, 3759:, the official school website 3626:1.136 (2021) vs 1.093 (2022), 3557:bulletin), Warszawa 1996, p. 4 3394:Даугудис, Мардоса 1984, p. 151 3179:Wołkonowski 1996, pp. 200, 204 2399:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 95-96, 132 2149:Witold. Wielki książę litewski 1816:, Urszula Augustyniak (ed.), 989:Medininkai formed part of the 949:; in July 1920 the Poles were 947:driven away by the Polish army 475:Golden era (late 15th century) 379:. It was located at the major 1: 4548:Vilnius District Municipality 3993:, service YouTube 20.04.2017 3364:, Вйьнюс 1989, p. 240, także 3328:, Marek Szczerbiński (ed.), 3277:Przebaczyliśmy, ale pamiętamy 1522:Astravets Nuclear Power Plant 1468:Medininkų pasieniečių mokykla 1263:Administration and demography 1205:Medininkai was witness to an 1099:transfer of Poles into Poland 1093:Medininkai youth, around 1950 708:was obliged to pay 30 złoty. 390:Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein 301:Vilnius District Municipality 184:Vilnius district municipality 4438:, Miedniki Królewskie 2022, 4259:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 142, 164 1841:, vol. V, Wilno 1835, p. 237 1773:, Miedniki Królewskie 2022, 1686:Our Madonna from Ostra Brama 1018:Second World War (1939-1944) 4304:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 170-172 4158:, official school web page 3385:, Вильнюс 1984, pp. 150–151 3362:Литва. Краткая энциклопедия 3332:, Gorzów Wlkp. 2002, p. 268 3245:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 361-364 3056:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 141-142 2957:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 115-116 2721:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 149-150 2671:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 180-222 2532:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 101-102 2434:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 133-135 2388:Przegląd Nauk Historycznych 1793:Litwa: podróż sentymentalna 1498:Union of Poles in Lithuania 1227:Vilniaus rajono savivaldybė 898:Ivan Mikhailovich Labyntsev 549:Crisis (early 16th century) 4569: 4553:Villages in Vilnius County 4486:119 (2013), pp. 21–66 4475:127 (2017), pp. 21–52 3926:02.10.2013, Anna Pieszko, 3555:Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich 3268:Przez Syberię do Chrzanowa 2112:, vol. 10, Warszawa 1985, 2056:Rąkowski 2017, pp. 342-343 1626:Naujosios Vilnios decanate 1044:incorporated into the USSR 943:replaced by the Bolsheviks 667:Medininkai church, 17th c. 644:grand duke Stephen Báthory 441:castle compound in Vilnius 388:, led by the grand master 299:, which forms part of the 15: 4007:, service LRT 22.09.2022 3768:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 83-85 3381:В. Даугудис, Й. Мардоса, 2341:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 51-60 2263:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 93-95 2129:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 60-61 2090:zob. np. Janusz Hrybacz, 2039:, vol. I, Warszawa 2017, 2009:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 67-70 1935:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 35-36 1863:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 89-90 1470:), previously located in 1198:decomposition of the USSR 1035:Soviet invasion of Poland 939:seized by the German army 605:Stagnation (1550 to 1650) 513:legacy which accompanied 292: 284: 276: 110: 76: 58: 46: 39: 4340:vol. XIV, Vilnius 2008, 4276:Czasopisma Humanistyczne 3845:Apie Pasieniečių mokyklą 3569:Registravimo pažymėjimas 3430:Makarczyk 2022, pp. 83-5 3227:Wołkonowski 1996, p. 282 2945:, Вильна 1905, pp. 81-83 1560:Trakai Historical Museum 1458:, and 5258 runs west to 1434:) and forms part of the 637:Extinction of the royal 566:Lithuanian-Muscovite war 342:Polish national minority 309:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 53:old centre of Medininkai 4516:eldership profile at FB 2848:, vol. 2, Мoscow 2009, 2806:Ignacy Kajetan Jacewicz 2495:Historie z okolic Wilna 2328:in original 70 wlokas, 2319:LXXIX (2014), pp. 54-55 2177:Rachuba 2004, pp. 69-70 2072:, Warszawa 1895, p. 589 1944:Algirdas M. Budreckis, 1905:Andrzej Rachuba (ed.), 1854:, Warszawa 1845, p. 173 1567:historical reenactments 1536:12. Mechanised Division 1416:language of instruction 1399:Official infrastructure 1203:reborn Lithuanian state 1052:seized by the Wehrmacht 991:Szumsk/Šumskas Commune 981:castle, interwar period 613:Medininkai on map, 1613 570:Sigmund von Herberstein 414:Wilhelm von Helfenstein 353:Beginnings (13-14th c.) 4295:Makarczyk 2022, p. 165 4286:Makarczyk 2022, p. 164 4249:Msze święte za granicą 4223:Makarczyk 2022, p. 131 3743:Vilniaus apskrities... 3665:Vilniaus apskrities... 3598:Makarczyk 2022, p. 162 3589:Makarczyk 2022, p. 161 3580:Makarczyk 2022, p. 160 3372:, Vilnius 1986, p. 217 3158:Jarosław Wołkonowski, 3097:Makarczyk 2022, p. 121 3047:Makarczyk 2022, p. 150 3038:Makarczyk 2022, p. 124 2993:, Wrocław 1993, p. 127 2980:Makarczyk 2022, p. 117 2941:Иосиф Гошкевич (ed.), 2868:Makarczyk 2022, p. 120 2782:Makarczyk 2022, p. 115 2770:Makarczyk 2022, p. 114 2730:Makarczyk 2022, p. 112 2709:Makarczyk 2022, p. 105 2662:Makarczyk 2022, p. 104 2555:Makarczyk 2022, p. 102 2514:Makarczyk 2022, p. 101 2475:Makarczyk 2022, p. 132 2330:Lietuvos Metryku Knyga 2275:Makarczyk 2022, p. 154 2220:Makarczyk 2022, p. 156 2168:Ochmański 1990, p. 100 1670: 1617: 1554: 1493: 1410: 1324: 1272: 1193: 1165: 1094: 1030: 982: 922: 889: 838: 803:withdrawal from Russia 779: 724: 694:grand duke Augustus II 668: 614: 561: 490: 431: 364: 268: 102:Location of Medininkai 4448:Aldona Prašmantaitė, 3867:Political Preferences 3537:Makarczyk 2022, p. 77 3512:Makarczyk 2022, p. 76 3493:Dainius Sinkevičius, 3421:Makarczyk 2022, p. 84 3296:Makarczyk 2022, p. 82 3140:Wojna polsko-sowiecka 2971:Makarczyk 2022, p. 81 2914:Makarczyk 2022, p. 66 2877:Makarczyk 2022, p. 63 2791:Władysław Syrokomla, 2761:Malewski 2016, p. 508 2750:Historya Miasta Wilna 2650:Makarczyk 2022, p. 65 2637:Władysław Syrokomla, 2461:Makarczyk 2022, p. 51 2452:Makarczyk 2022, p. 62 2373:Makarczyk 2022, p. 11 2354:, Kraków 1849, p. 331 2293:Ochmański 1990, p. 60 2245:Makarczyk 2022, p. 95 2229:Makarczyk 2022, p. 92 2138:Makarczyk 2022, p. 61 2081:Makarczyk 2022, p. 45 2000:Makarczyk 2022, p. 67 1991:Makarczyk 2022, p. 91 1969:Makarczyk 2022, p. 71 1957:Makarczyk 2022, p. 37 1948:, Chicago 1985, p. 59 1926:Makarczyk 2022, p. 35 1896:Makarczyk 2022, p. 90 1666: 1653:history of the Church 1634:annual pastoral visit 1615: 1549: 1489: 1450:, 5213 runs south to 1406: 1339:type of cultivation. 1318: 1270: 1188: 1171:Vilnius-Minsk highway 1163: 1140:, and the pan-Soviet 1092: 1029:near Medininkai, 1944 1025: 997:, itself part of the 980: 973:In Poland (1922-1939) 932:Ławaryszki/Lavoriškės 920:Polish eastern troops 918: 885: 848:Taboryszki/Tabariškės 830: 772: 719: 666: 612: 556: 482: 427: 360: 326:Vilnius-Minsk highway 239: • Summer ( 130:54.53889°N 25.65000°E 4489:Tadeusz M. Trajdos, 4478:Tadeusz M. Trajdos, 4467:Tadeusz M. Trajdos, 3869:14 (2017), pp. 93-94 3190:Operacja wileńska AK 3188:Roman Korab-Żebryk, 3088:, Wilno 1909, p. 121 2390:XVI/2 (2017), p. 246 1982:, Kraków 1921, p. 22 1978:Teodor Wierzbowski, 1616:church in Medininkai 1432:magistralinis kelias 1408:border guards school 1277:Medininkai Eldership 792:His Imperial Majesty 702:Niemenczyn/Nemenčinė 595:grand duke Sigismund 373:grand duke Gedyminas 297:Medininkai Eldership 203:Medininkai eldership 195:Medininkai eldership 27:Village in Lithuania 4244:Miedniki Królewskie 4096:Krzysztof Wojczal, 3824:Gediminas Kazėnas, 2891:, Lwów 1908, p. 328 2752:, Wilno 1836, p. 32 2641:, Wilno 1860, p. 66 2618:1812. Wojna z Rosją 2564:Trajdos 2017, p. 31 2493:Mirosław Gajewski, 2317:Zapiski Historyczne 2093:Miedniki Królewskie 2035:Grzegorz Rąkowski, 2018:Jan Marek Giżycki, 1711:Francišak Bahuševič 1659:Tourist attractions 1630:Vilnius archdiocese 1353:consignement stocks 1281:Vilnius Area County 1223:Medininkų seniūnija 1012:Jędrzejewicz reform 999:Vilnius Voivodeship 955:Lithuanian Republic 864:Władysław Syrokomla 733:grand duke Augustus 436:grand duke Vytautas 429:grand duke Vytautas 410:Canons of Penitence 377:grand duke Algirdas 362:grand duke Algirdas 269:Miedniki Królewskie 126: / 4505:, pp. 425–434 4398:Romualdas Ozolas, 4098:Armia Nowego Wzoru 2586:Czesław Malewski, 2147:Jarosław Nikodem, 2037:Kresowe rezydencje 1671: 1618: 1555: 1494: 1491:Poles in Lithuania 1411: 1325: 1273: 1231:Vilniaus apskritis 1194: 1166: 1127:Medininkai Commune 1095: 1067:to capture Vilnius 1031: 983: 963:Vilnius Parliament 959:posed as in mutiny 923: 890: 839: 817:Turgiele/Turgeliai 813:Rukojnie/Rukainiai 788:Виленская губерния 780: 725: 704:; the neighboring 669: 615: 562: 491: 469:Vilnius voivodship 453:Battle of Grunwald 432: 397:grand duke Jogaila 365: 213: • Total 135:54.53889; 25.65000 4503:978-83-7181-850-9 4497:, Warszawa 2014, 4462:978-83-8138-583-1 4444:978-609-95291-5-8 4434:Józef Makarczyk, 4383:Juozapinės kalnas 4371:castle FB profile 4346:978-5-420-01646-6 4169:Mokyklos istorija 4155:Mokyklos istorija 3966:Kazimieras Garšva 3482:978-83-8142-196-6 3460:Czerwony Sztandar 3444:Czerwony Sztandar 3406:Mokyklos istorija 3346:Czerwony Sztandar 3308:Mokyklos istorija 3282:Tygodnik Wileński 3274:21.04.2004, also 3192:, Warszawa 1985, 3162:, Warszawa 1996, 3127:978-83-89935-61-8 3121:, Warszawa 2008, 3119:Kresy w czerwieni 3012:978-83-906321-0-0 2854:978-5-89577-144-0 2626:978-83-240-0770-7 2596:978-83-63352-75-2 2590:, Warszawa 2016, 2503:978-9986-542-34-6 2425:127 (2017), p. 28 2209:978-83-8138-583-1 2157:978-83-7730-051-0 2118:978-83-01-04266-0 2045:978-83-8098-093-8 1915:978-83-65880-49-9 1882:978-83-04-03107-4 1872:Jerzy Ochmański, 1826:978-83-7543-095-0 1820:, Warszawa 2009, 1801:978-83-89913-77-7 1779:978-609-95291-5-8 1769:Józef Makarczyk, 1747:Medininkai Castle 1721:Józef Łukaszewicz 1699:observation tower 1690:Mendogas the king 1622:1929-built church 967:Central Lithuania 887:general Labyntsev 653:Vilnius cathedral 639:Yagiellonian line 543:Kurhany/Pilkapiai 258: 257: 4560: 4484:Nasza Przeszłość 4473:Nasza Przeszłość 4423: 4413: 4407: 4396: 4390: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4330: 4324: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4278: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4251: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4215: 4206: 4200: 4188: 4179: 4165: 4159: 4151: 4145: 4133: 4127: 4115: 4109: 4094: 4088: 4076: 4070: 4058: 4052: 4039: 4033: 4014: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3985: 3979: 3962: 3956: 3943: 3937: 3914: 3908: 3899: 3893: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3858: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3790: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3685: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3661: 3655: 3646:, Vilnius 2003, 3639: 3633: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3564: 3558: 3551:Monitor Litewski 3544: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3504: 3491: 3485: 3469: 3463: 3453: 3447: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3386: 3379: 3373: 3355: 3349: 3339: 3333: 3321: 3315: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3285: 3265: 3259: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3156: 3150: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3095: 3089: 3084:Napoleon Rouba, 3082: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3036: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3000: 2994: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2972: 2969: 2958: 2955: 2946: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2901: 2898: 2892: 2884: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2866: 2857: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2802: 2796: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2753: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2710: 2707: 2701: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2660: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2599: 2584: 2578: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2506: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2423:Nasza Przeszłość 2415: 2409: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2348: 2342: 2339: 2333: 2326: 2320: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2218: 2212: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2145: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2106: 2100: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2033: 2027: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1885: 1876:, Wrocław 1990, 1870: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1837:Teodor Narbutt, 1835: 1829: 1810: 1804: 1795:, Olsztyn 2006, 1788: 1782: 1767: 1668:Juozapinė summit 1638:Harvest Festival 1586:harvest festival 1551:House of Culture 1341:Animal husbandry 1271:eldership office 1243:Franciscan order 1119:collectivisation 1040:Byelorussian SSR 815:, Kiena/Kena or 784:Ви́ленский уе́зд 720:Swedish troops, 688:(20) and Kosiny/ 294: 286: 278: 244: 158: 156: 155: 141: 140: 138: 137: 136: 131: 127: 124: 123: 122: 119: 92: 91: 85: 66: 51: 30: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4538: 4537: 4512: 4456:, Kraków 2021, 4431: 4429:Further reading 4426: 4414: 4410: 4397: 4393: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4334:Medininkų pilis 4331: 4327: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4271:Józef Makarczyk 4267: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4214:na serviceie FB 4207: 4203: 4189: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4152: 4148: 4134: 4130: 4116: 4112: 4095: 4091: 4077: 4073: 4059: 4055: 4040: 4036: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3997: 3986: 3982: 3963: 3959: 3944: 3940: 3934:Kurier Wileński 3924:Kurier Wileński 3915: 3911: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3859: 3855: 3850:Mano vyriausybė 3842: 3838: 3823: 3819: 3810: 3806: 3791: 3787: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3686: 3682: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3658: 3640: 3636: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3561: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3526:Kurier Wileński 3520: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3492: 3488: 3470: 3466: 3454: 3450: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3380: 3376: 3356: 3352: 3342:Za ciężką pracę 3340: 3336: 3322: 3318: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3288: 3266: 3262: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3157: 3153: 3142:, Londyn 1986, 3137: 3133: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3092: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3006:, Lublin 1996, 3001: 2997: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2860: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2803: 2799: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2713: 2708: 2704: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2636: 2632: 2620:, Kraków 2007, 2615: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2585: 2581: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2358: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2327: 2323: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2215: 2203:, Kraków 2021, 2194: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2151:, Kraków 2013, 2146: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2107: 2103: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2034: 2030: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1888: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1849: 1845: 1836: 1832: 1811: 1807: 1789: 1785: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1743: 1727:near Medininkai 1717:near Medininkai 1707: 1661: 1610: 1544: 1484: 1438:, running from 1401: 1365:customs-related 1313: 1265: 1260: 1183: 1158: 1150:Communist Party 1109:(mostly in the 1087: 1020: 1007:agrarian reform 987:Polish republic 975: 913: 880: 843:November Rising 825: 801:, during their 778:near Medininkai 767: 759:imperial Russia 714: 661: 607: 551: 537:information on 530:borough charter 515:princess Helena 477: 461:Vilnius diocese 422: 355: 350: 238: 153: 151: 134: 132: 128: 125: 120: 117: 115: 113: 112: 106: 105: 104: 103: 100: 99: 98: 97: 93: 72: 71: 70: 69: 54: 42: 35: 28: 25: 12: 11: 5: 4566: 4564: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4518: 4511: 4510:External links 4508: 4507: 4506: 4487: 4476: 4465: 4446: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4408: 4391: 4374: 4362: 4350: 4325: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4279: 4261: 4252: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4201: 4180: 4160: 4146: 4128: 4110: 4089: 4071: 4053: 4049:Lietuvos rytas 4034: 4009: 3995: 3980: 3957: 3938: 3909: 3894: 3880: 3871: 3853: 3836: 3817: 3804: 3785: 3770: 3761: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3680: 3669: 3656: 3634: 3619: 3610: 3600: 3591: 3582: 3573: 3559: 3539: 3530: 3514: 3505: 3486: 3464: 3448: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3396: 3387: 3374: 3366:Transportation 3350: 3334: 3316: 3298: 3286: 3260: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3181: 3172: 3151: 3131: 3109: 3099: 3090: 3077: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3028: 3016: 2995: 2982: 2973: 2959: 2947: 2934: 2925: 2916: 2902: 2893: 2879: 2870: 2858: 2837: 2828: 2815: 2797: 2784: 2772: 2763: 2754: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2711: 2702: 2685: 2673: 2664: 2652: 2643: 2630: 2609: 2600: 2579: 2566: 2557: 2543: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2497:, Wilno 2007, 2486: 2477: 2463: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2427: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2375: 2366: 2356: 2343: 2334: 2321: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2265: 2256: 2247: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2101: 2083: 2074: 2058: 2049: 2028: 2011: 2002: 1993: 1984: 1971: 1959: 1950: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1898: 1886: 1874:Historia Litwy 1865: 1856: 1843: 1830: 1805: 1783: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1728: 1718: 1706: 1705:Notable people 1703: 1695:Aukštojas Hill 1682:Juozapinė Hill 1660: 1657: 1649:parish priests 1609: 1606: 1602:Corpus Christi 1543: 1540: 1483: 1480: 1400: 1397: 1312: 1309: 1285:Vilnius Region 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1215:state frontier 1182: 1179: 1157: 1154: 1086: 1083: 1033:Following the 1019: 1016: 995:Vilnius County 974: 971: 912: 909: 905:Виленский уезд 879: 876: 872:January Rising 824: 821: 766: 763: 713: 710: 660: 657: 606: 603: 579:Vilnius county 560:, present view 550: 547: 488:prince Casimir 476: 473: 465:Feudal tenants 421: 418: 386:Teutonic Order 369:duke Traidenis 354: 351: 349: 346: 305:Vilnius County 256: 255: 245: 235: 234: 224: 218: 217: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 193: 187: 186: 181: 175: 174: 172:Vilnius County 169: 163: 162: 149: 143: 142: 108: 107: 101: 95: 94: 87: 86: 80: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 67: 61: 60: 59: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 40: 37: 36: 33: 26: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4565: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3846: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3821: 3818: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3780:Tvarkarasciai 3774: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3652:9955-588-04-7 3649: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3540: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3476:, Łódź 2018, 3475: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3400: 3397: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3198:83-01-04946-4 3195: 3191: 3185: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3168:83-86100-18-4 3165: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3148:0-85065-170-0 3145: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3113: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3071: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2561: 2558: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2180: 2174: 2171: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2108:Jan Długosz, 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2087: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2047:, pp. 342-343 2046: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1997: 1994: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1731:Medard Czobot 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1676: 1669: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1552: 1548: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1492: 1488: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1421:cycling paths 1417: 1409: 1405: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:Baltic states 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1322: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1192: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1162: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:Tomsk Oblast’ 1108: 1104: 1100: 1091: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1017: 1015: 1013: 1008: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 979: 972: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 935: 933: 929: 921: 917: 910: 908: 906: 901: 899: 895: 888: 884: 877: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 855: 853: 849: 844: 837: 833: 829: 822: 820: 818: 814: 809: 804: 800: 795: 793: 789: 785: 777: 776: 771: 764: 762: 760: 756: 752: 746: 743: 738: 734: 730: 723: 718: 711: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 681: 678: 674: 665: 658: 656: 654: 650: 645: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 624:market square 621: 611: 604: 602: 600: 596: 592: 587: 582: 580: 576: 571: 567: 559: 555: 548: 546: 544: 540: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 489: 485: 481: 474: 472: 470: 466: 462: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 430: 426: 419: 417: 415: 411: 407: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 382: 378: 374: 370: 363: 359: 352: 347: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 318: 317:modern period 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 290: 282: 274: 270: 266: 262: 253: 249: 246: 242: 232: 228: 225: 223: 215: 202: 194: 192: 185: 182: 180: 173: 170: 168: 161: 150: 148: 139: 111:Coordinates: 84: 65: 50: 38: 31: 23: 19: 4525: 4521: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4468: 4453: 4449: 4435: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4365: 4353: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4320: 4314: 4309: 4300: 4291: 4282: 4275: 4269: 4264: 4255: 4248: 4242: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4209: 4208:zob. profil 4204: 4197: 4191: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4117: 4113: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4042: 4037: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4012: 4002: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3941: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3856: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3807: 3799: 3793: 3788: 3778: 3773: 3764: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3694: 3688: 3683: 3672: 3667:2003, p. 113 3664: 3659: 3643: 3637: 3627: 3622: 3613: 3608:seniūnaitija 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3562: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3508: 3500: 3494: 3489: 3473: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3410: 3404: 3399: 3390: 3382: 3377: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3312: 3306: 3301: 3281: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3189: 3184: 3175: 3159: 3154: 3139: 3134: 3118: 3112: 3102: 3093: 3085: 3080: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3023: 3019: 3003: 2998: 2990: 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1323:, Medininkai 1289: 1274: 1239: 1195: 1191:1991 victims 1189:memorial to 1175: 1167: 1152:is unclear. 1135: 1096: 1056: 1032: 1003: 984: 936: 924: 902: 891: 856: 840: 831: 796: 781: 775:Grande Armée 773: 751:Holy Trinity 747: 729:Northern War 726: 722:Northern War 697: 682: 670: 636: 620:staple right 616: 583: 563: 534:town council 527: 492: 457: 433: 395:In 1387 the 394: 366: 260: 259: 179:Municipality 68:Coat of arms 4464:, pp. 55-85 4418:, service 4386:, service 4274:, service 4247:, service 4196:, service 4140:, service 4122:, service 4106:Analizy OSW 4083:, service 4028:, service 3951:, service 3798:, service 3693:, service 3409:, service 3311:, service 2096:, service 2066:Józef Wolff 1385:road trains 1381:dump trucks 1379:, loaders, 1329:agriculture 1303:(3.2%) and 1301:Lithuanians 1258:Present day 1211:OMON troops 1196:In wake of 993:within the 985:Within the 928:Edward Ropp 866:; his late- 841:During the 799:Grand Armee 786:within the 737:Saxon times 597:(1541) and 449:Jan Długosz 133: / 4542:Categories 4522:Medininkai 4422:22.05.2006 4406:11.04.1994 4323:08.06.2016 4232:at 3:30 PM 4144:16.09.2022 4126:03.05.2020 4108:04.05.2023 4087:02.09.2022 4069:04.02.2022 4065:, service 4051:26.04.2022 4032:02.11.2021 3978:22.09.2022 3955:24.06.2011 3936:15.11.2016 3834:08.04.2021 3528:28.03.1995 3503:11.05.2011 3462:11.10.1982 3446:04.04.1978 3348:30.04.1976 1758:References 1428:A3 highway 1377:bulldozers 1146:Belarusian 1138:Lithuanian 852:Soły/Salos 808:presbytery 686:Kiena/Kena 649:sanctified 586:Augustians 399:abandoned 273:Belarusian 261:Medininkai 208:Population 200:Capital of 121:25°39′00″E 118:54°32′20″N 96:Medininkai 34:Medininkai 4524:entry in 4313:see e.g. 3987:see e.g. 3964:see e.g. 3284:46 (2011) 1645:guardians 1598:Christmas 1476:Visaginas 1472:Wisaginia 1464:Rukainiai 1456:Turgeliai 1361:brokerage 1252:novitiate 1248:postulate 832:Lithuania 632:decanates 511:Muscovite 507:Alexander 406:Bystritsa 338:Aukštojas 222:Time zone 191:Eldership 160:Lithuania 4348:, p. 571 4142:alkas.lt 4030:France24 3654:, p. 113 3484:, p. 108 3200:, p. 114 3170:, p. 380 3129:, p. 222 3014:, p. 100 2856:, p. 197 2809:entry, 2628:, p. 344 2598:, p. 508 2505:, p. 128 2159:, p. 174 2120:, p. 344 1803:, p. 123 1741:See also 1608:Religion 1482:Politics 1460:Rukojnie 1452:Turgiele 1319:storing 1307:(2.9%). 1305:Russians 1291:Kosinka/ 868:romantic 836:Grottger 706:Ashmyany 591:Ashmyany 401:paganism 381:Ashmyany 285:Ме́дники 18:Miedniki 4198:YouTube 4067:YouTube 3800:YouTube 3695:YouTube 3272:Przełom 2813:service 2211:, p. 57 1917:, p. 70 1884:, p. 61 1828:, p. 19 1781:, p. 34 1725:Bykówka 1715:Świrany 1542:Culture 1448:Šumskas 1311:Economy 1293:Kuosinė 1219:Belarus 1142:Russian 1129:in the 1123:kolkhoz 1107:Siberia 1046:as the 698:podwody 690:Kuosinė 628:diocese 599:his son 499:Casimir 495:Casimir 484:Dlugosz 348:History 324:at the 313:Jogaila 293:Мьдники 289:Russian 281:Russian 277:Меднікі 147:Country 41:Village 22:Varniai 4528:online 4501: 4460: 4442: 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Index