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92:
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37:
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a new nation state â the
Republic of Turkey â in 1923. The founders of the republic were determined to break with the past and modernise the country. There was, however, an inherent contradiction in that their modernist vision was limited by their military roots. The leading reformers were all military men and, in keeping with the military tradition, all believed in the authority and the sacredness of the state. The public also believed in the military. It was the military, after all, who led the nation through the
3061:
3161:
3087:, but much of it was quickly reconquered by the Soviet Union later on, including events such as the partition of Poland and reconquest of the Baltic states in the late 1930s and â40s. Soviet influence reached its peak after WWII in the Cold War era, during which the Soviet Union occupied virtually all of Eastern Europe in a military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact, with the Soviet Army playing a key role. All this was lost with the
2471:
2213:
3428:
2861:
3034:(INP), the high school or secondary and college education have a compulsory curriculum concerning the military, and nationalism which is the "Citizens Military Training" (CMT) and "Reserve Officers Training Corps" (ROTC). But in 1986, when the constitution changed, this form of national service training program became non-compulsory but still part of the basic education.
2836:. It provides the framework of the government, designating the military as the "supreme repository of power". It also facilitates the militarization of non-military sectors by emphasizing the unity of the military and the people by spreading military culture among the masses. The North Korean government grants the
3080:'s reforms, Russia became one of Europe's great powers in terms of political and military strength. Through the Imperial era, Russia continued on her quest for territorial expansion into Siberia, Caucasus and into Eastern Europe, eventually conquering the majority of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
3152:
lasted for centuries and always relied on its military might, but militarism was not a part of everyday life. Militarism was only introduced into daily life with the advent of modern institutions, particularly schools, which became part of the state apparatus when the
Ottoman Empire was succeeded by
3261:
the national army fell into disrepair. Reforms based on various
European states including Britain, Germany, and Switzerland were made so that it would become responsive to control from the central government, prepared for future conflicts, and develop refined command and support structures; these
2308:
enrolled the permitted number of men for one year, trained and then dismissed that group, and enrolled another of the same size, and so on. Thus, in the course of ten years, he was able to gather an army of 420,000 men who had at least one year of military training. The officers of the army were
2324:
This system led to several consequences. Since the officer class also furnished most of the officials for the civil administration of the country, the interests of the army came to be considered as identical to the interests of the country as a whole. A second result was that the governing class
3253:
Democrats over the proper administration of the state and direction of its foreign policy. The conflict pitted proponents of professionalism, based on business management principles, against those favoring more local control in the hands of laymen and political appointees. The outcome of this
3411:. This form of militarism is distinguished by the reliance on a relatively small number of volunteer fighters; heavy reliance on complex technologies; and the rationalization and expansion of government advertising and recruitment programs designed to promote military service. President
2313:. The result was that there was gradually built up a large class of professional officers on the one hand, and a much larger class, the rank and file of the army, on the other. These enlisted men had become conditioned to obey implicitly all the commands of the officers, creating a
3308:). The previous limit by legislation of 24,000 men was expanded to 60,000 regulars in the new army bill on 2 February 1901, with allowance at that time for expansion to 80,000 regulars by presidential discretion at times of national emergency.
2272:
started his large-scale military reforms in 1713, thus beginning the country's tradition of a high military budget by increasing the annual military spending to 73% of the entire annual budget of
Prussia. By the time of his death in 1740, the
3467:", with civilians today still believing that military intervention in the government is positive, especially during times of crisis, with many Venezuelans believing that the military opens democratic opportunities instead of blocking them.
3236:
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries political and military leaders reformed the US federal government to establish a stronger central government than had ever previously existed for the purpose of enabling the nation
3180:
and 2 ministers, and a new constitution was introduced, creating a
Constitutional Court to vet the legislation passed by parliament, and a military-dominated National Security Council to oversee the government affairs similar to the
3099:, a resurgent modern Russia has maintained a tremendous amount of geopolitical influence in the countries spawned from the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and modern Russia remains Eastern Europe's leading, if not dominant, power.
2609:) played a significant role in Japanese politics. Japan's militarism is deeply rooted in the ancient samurai tradition, centuries before Japan's modernization. Even though a militarist philosophy was intrinsic to the shogunates, a
3006:
During the World War II, the
Philippines was one of the participants, as a member of Allied forces, the Philippines with the U.S. forces fought the Imperial Japanese Army (1942â1945), one of the notable battles is the victorious
3463:. Between 1892 and 1900 alone, six rebellions occurred and 437 military actions were taken to obtain control of Venezuela. With the military controlling Venezuela for much of its history, the country practiced a "military
3193:, which resulted in the dissolution of parliament and all political parties as well as imposition of a much more authoritarian constitution. There was another military intervention that was called a "post-modern coup" on
2632:
In the 20th century (approximately in the 1920s), two factors contributed both to the power of the military and chaos within its ranks. One was the "Military
Ministers to be Active-Duty Officers Law", which required the
2432:
published in-depth analyses of the militarist paramilitary violence characterizing German public life as well as the state's lenient to sympathetic reaction to it if the violence was committed by the political right.
2248:
and its colonization of
Prussia during the late Middle Ages, when mercenaries from the Holy Roman Empire were granted lands by the Order and gradually formed a new landed militarist Prussian nobility, from which the
3400:, who had significant input into the use of military force. The complexities of nuclear strategy and the debates surrounding them helped produce a new group of 'defense intellectuals' and think tanks, such as the
2071:
capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values. It may also imply the glorification of the military and of the ideals of a professional military class and the "predominance of the
2590:
In parallel with 20th-century German militarism, Japanese militarism began with a series of events by which the military gained prominence in dictating Japan's affairs. This was evident in 15th-century Japan's
2815:
2363:
against the republican government, was launched by disaffected members of the armed forces. After this event, some of the more radical militarists and nationalists were submerged in grief and despair into the
3330:, who was at the time of his death the most decorated Marine, spoke strongly against what he considered to be trends toward fascism and militarism. Butler briefed Congress on what he described as a
2304:
defeated
Prussia in 1806, one of the conditions of peace was that Prussia should reduce its army to no more than 42,000 men. In order that the country should not again be so defeated, the
3852:
2674:
3334:
for a military coup, for which he had been suggested as leader; the matter was partially corroborated, but the real threat has been disputed. The Latin
American expeditions ended with
55:, centre. Although Bismarck was a civilian politician and not a military officer, he wore a military uniform as part of the Prussian militarist culture of the time. From a painting by
3416:
3345:
2777:
as the fundamental law of the country, replacing the rule of the Emperor with parliamentary government. With this event, the Empire of Japan officially came to an end and the modern
2560:
In recent years, the Indian government has increased the military expenditure of the 1.4 million-strong military across all branches and embarked on a rapid modernization program.
3189:, this time only forcing the government to resign and installing a cabinet of technocrats and bureaucrats without dissolving the parliament. The third military coup took place on
2659:
by junior officers. It was not uncommon for radical junior officers to press their goals, to the extent of assassinating their seniors. In 1936, this phenomenon resulted in the
3739:
3650:
3254:
struggle, including a more professional federal civil service and a strengthened presidency and executive branch, made a more expansionist foreign policy possible.
2439:
was a strongly militarist state; after its defeat in 1945, militarism in German culture was dramatically reduced as a backlash against the Nazi period, and the
4023:
3909:
Columnist M. Ali KıĆlalı cites Army commander Faruk GĂŒrler for this comparison in his article "MGK deÄiĆti ama" in the newspaper "Radikal", dated 4 July 2007.
2686:
damaged Japan's economy and gave radical elements within the Japanese military the chance to realize their ambitions of conquering all of Asia. In 1931, the
2294:
3281:
in the Pacific and Caribbean. This required modifications for a more efficient central government due to the added administration requirements (see above).
2462:
in the world; at 1.3 percent of Germany's GDP, it is, in 2019, similar in cash terms to those of the United Kingdom, France and Japan, at around US$ 50bn.
3829:
2852:
in 1994) which emphasize the people's military over all other aspects of state and the interests of the military comes first before the masses (workers).
3231:
3227:
2459:
4241:
91:
2626:
2257:
3072:
Russia has also had a long history of militarism continuing on to the present day driven by its desire to protect its western frontier which has no
2447:
oversaw a program of attempted fundamental re-education of the German people at large in order to put a stop to German militarism once and for all.
1015:
3722:
3278:
1442:
3860:
3795:
2824:
elevates the Korean People's Armed Forces within North Korea as an organization and as a state function, granting it the primary position in the
3757:
3574:
3209:
3205:
3198:
2958:
3212:
have changed the composition and role of the National Security Council, and placed the armed forces under the control of civilian government.
2649:. This essentially gave the military veto power over the formation of any Cabinet in the ostensibly parliamentary country. Another factor was
2281:
of 83,000 men, one of the largest in Europe, at a time when the entire Prussian populace made up 2.5 million people. Prussian military writer
3973:
3946:
3874:
3625:
2759:
2385:
3245:
to support the development of the new industrial economy. This reform was the result of a conflict between Neo-Hamiltonian Republicans and
3112:
2574:
2383:
humiliated their militaristic culture. The Weimar years saw large-scale right-wing militarist and paramilitary mass organizations such as
2332:
2379:
Throughout its entire 14-year existence, the Weimar Republic remained under threat of militaristic nationalism, as many Germans felt the
3892:
3065:
2879:
1798:
2344:
4276:
3600:
2428:
and an overall atmosphere of lingering civil war during the Weimar period. During the Weimar era, mathematician and political writer
1993:
1771:
386:
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2719:
4310:
4255:
4219:
4204:
4183:
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4126:
4092:
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Rosenberg, H. (1943). The Rise of the Junkers in Brandenburg-Prussia, 1410-1653: Part 1. The American Historical Review, 49(1), 1-22
3246:
1447:
3068:' â or Young Army. The Young Army movement is the Kremlin's attempt to mobilize and provide basic military skills to Russian youth.
2373:
2325:
desired to continue a system which gave them so much power over the common people, contributing to the continuing influence of the
3704:
3194:
3186:
2833:
1525:
3389:
1508:
3448:
3088:
2411:) to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles' 100,000 man limit on the German army.; it was dissolved in 1923. Many members of the
1870:
1295:
140:
3388:, a retired top military commander elected as a civilian president, warned, as he was leaving office, of the development of a
2810:'s "Military First" policy, regards military power as the highest priority of the country. This has escalated so much in the
2699:
2526:
2269:
2203:
1634:
3190:
3173:
2746:, two similarly militaristic states in Europe, and advanced out of China and into Southeast Asia. The following year, Japan
3457:, known as the liberator of Venezuela. For much of the 1800s, Venezuela was ruled by powerful, militarist leaders known as
3136:
2840:
as the highest priority in the economy and in resource-allocation, and positions it as the model for society to emulate.
2260:, Brandenburg-Prussia increased its military to 40,000 men and began an effective military administration overseen by the
2051:
1498:
2518:
2351:, as the Allies saw Prussian and German militarism as one of the major causes of the Great War. During the period of the
3686:
2999:
to all citizens, a mandatory form of national service (at any war) for the increase the density and the manpower of the
2483:
2421:(SA), the paramilitary branch of the Nazi party. All of these were responsible for the political violence of so-called
1988:
452:
48:
4341:
4331:
4058:
4014:
3471:
3154:
3103:
3096:
2967:
2495:
2451:
2207:
1998:
1185:
987:
858:
396:
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Barr, Ronald J. "The Progressive Army: US Army Command and Administration 1870â1914." St. Martin's Press, Inc. 1998.
4018:
3048:
2908:. They also served as the police and watchers on the land, coastlines and seas. In 1521, the Visayan king of Mactan
4336:
3127:
said that "the last time we saw these levels was at the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union."
3031:
2707:
2534:
2289:, Prussia always remained "not a country with an army, but an army with a country" (a quote often misattributed to
2282:
1462:
3292:
was considered essential to the occupation and control of the new territories acquired from Spain in its defeat (
3076:
between potential invaders from the rest of continental Europe and her heartlands in European Russia. Ever since
2978:
2825:
2554:
1572:
1080:
429:
303:
157:
4269:
Militarismus des Zivilen in Japan 1937â1940: Diskurse und ihre Auswirkungen auf politische Entscheidungsprozesse
4166:
3965:
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
3791:
Jae Kyu Park, "North Korea since 2000 and prospects for Inter Korean Relations" Korea.net, 19 January 2006, <
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Political Communication and Leadership: Mimetisation, Hugo Chavez and the Construction of Power and Identity
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against Pakistan, assured that the Indian government remained committed to military expansion. The disputed
1976:
1958:
1714:
1273:
1195:
1140:
738:
401:
36:
3641:
Tian, Nan; Kuimova, Alexandra; Lopes da Silva, Diego; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (April 2020).
3265:
2494:. The Indian National Army (INA) played a crucial role in pressuring the British Raj after it occupied the
3746:
Vogel, EM (ed.), Modern Japanese Organization and Decision-Making, University of California Press, 1987.
3269:
A pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2019, in US$ billions, according to SIPRI
2747:
2638:
2634:
2444:
2440:
1843:
1818:
1540:
1452:
1325:
1200:
801:
778:
224:
123:
3444:
3361:
After World War II, there were major cutbacks, such that units responding early in the Korean War under
3335:
3165:
2985:
2926:
2770:
2629:, which called for all members of the armed forces to have an absolute personal loyalty to the Emperor.
1432:
1365:
1318:
972:
935:
898:
816:
768:
652:
462:
270:
179:
3407:
It has been argued that the United States has shifted to a state of neomilitarism since the end of the
3792:
3561:
3106:, the Russian government increased their efforts to introduce "patriotic education" into schools. The
3060:
3761:
3385:
3339:
3250:
3238:
2671:
and he ordered its suppression, which was successfully carried out by loyal members of the military.
2660:
2642:
2610:
2487:
2380:
2348:
1823:
1725:
1582:
1577:
1395:
1360:
1095:
915:
773:
709:
563:
533:
130:
4288:, translated from the German by Heinz Norden, Coral Gables, Fla., University of Miami Press 1969â73.
2405:, a secret reserve of trained soldiers networked within its units organised as "labour battalions" (
4326:
3242:
3197:
which merely forced the government to resign, and finally an unsuccessful military coup attempt on
3043:
2930:
2766:
2569:
2546:
2491:
2144:
1674:
1659:
1535:
1422:
1400:
1375:
1335:
1245:
1055:
960:
910:
677:
667:
632:
424:
414:
184:
108:
3454:
2769:
and the purging of all militarist influences from Japanese society and politics. In 1947, the new
3853:"Russian students are returning to school, where they face new lessons to boost their patriotism"
3285:
3258:
2938:
2888:
had their own forces, divided between the islands which each had its own ruler. They were called
2774:
2723:
2514:
2429:
2120:
2008:
1863:
1783:
1704:
1649:
1624:
1545:
1491:
1457:
1388:
1305:
1215:
1120:
1065:
955:
920:
873:
748:
719:
672:
610:
585:
419:
233:
152:
3377:, the tradition of civilian control held and MacArthur left without any hint of military coup.
3160:
4306:
4272:
4251:
4237:
4225:
4215:
4200:
4179:
4154:
4122:
4088:
3969:
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3621:
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3579:
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3315:
were permanent captains at the start of the war and received temporary promotions to colonel.
2727:
2664:
2614:
2360:
2216:
2197:
2136:
2067:
is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong
2044:
1953:
1900:
1803:
1793:
1788:
1758:
1741:
1736:
1709:
1654:
1355:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1210:
1180:
1070:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1020:
1010:
925:
878:
848:
687:
480:
457:
391:
52:
44:
3392:. In the Cold War, there emerged many civilian academics and industrial researchers, such as
2343:
Militarism in Germany continued after World War I and the fall of the German monarchy in the
3401:
3366:
3312:
3274:
3107:
3015:
2962:
2950:
2919:
2743:
2731:
2683:
2646:
2618:
2525:
and other issues led the Indian government to emphasize military preparedness (see also the
2507:
2402:
2250:
2160:
2018:
1983:
1915:
1808:
1746:
1639:
1567:
1560:
1417:
1350:
1300:
1290:
1165:
1085:
1045:
1030:
997:
982:
853:
838:
791:
699:
657:
600:
595:
553:
376:
353:
260:
189:
118:
101:
3116:
lessons, with some comparing them to the "patriotic education" of the former Soviet Union.
3110:
reported that some parents were shocked by the militaristic nature of the Kremlin-promoted
2814:
that one in five people serves in the armed forces, and the military has become one of the
4084:
4027:
3812:
3799:
3393:
3370:
3319:
3077:
3000:
2885:
2735:
2695:
2656:
2622:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2352:
2305:
2152:
1828:
1813:
1731:
1687:
1629:
1285:
1280:
1170:
1160:
1075:
1050:
992:
833:
763:
753:
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605:
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513:
485:
285:
265:
113:
4281:
3475:
3436:
3362:
3350:
3327:
3177:
3149:
3092:
2946:
2942:
2778:
2499:
2417:
2372:, while more moderate elements of militarism declined and remained affiliated with the
2245:
2241:
2172:
2156:
2132:
2116:
2081:
2013:
2003:
1751:
1175:
1135:
1113:
1100:
1090:
1060:
977:
930:
733:
724:
615:
568:
548:
538:
508:
475:
363:
320:
275:
147:
80:
28:
20:
2918:, organized the first recorded military action against the Spanish colonizers, in the
2860:
4320:
3331:
2687:
2667:
and killed leading members of the Japanese government. The rebellion enraged Emperor
2278:
2274:
2237:
2140:
2124:
2112:
1850:
1838:
1694:
1614:
1530:
1513:
1370:
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1205:
888:
883:
863:
843:
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729:
704:
580:
558:
543:
518:
358:
280:
243:
238:
135:
56:
2212:
2095:
ideologies of many nations throughout history. Notable ancient examples include the
4291:
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3124:
3095:
called the greatest geopolitical disaster of the 20th century. Nevertheless, under
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2739:
2579:
2470:
2436:
2422:
2369:
2337:
2314:
2176:
2148:
2128:
2104:
2092:
2073:
2037:
1963:
1943:
1938:
1833:
1778:
1412:
1407:
1230:
1145:
893:
627:
528:
325:
229:
3990:
Competing with the Soviets: Science, Technology, and the State in Cold War America
3593:
Frontiers of Violence. Conflict and Identity in Ulster and Upper Silesia 1918-1922
3963:
3936:
3531:
3497:
3408:
3397:
3323:
3301:
3297:
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The end of imperial rule in 1917 meant the loss of some territory following the
3073:
3019:
2849:
2807:
2651:
2479:
2356:
2264:. In order to bolster his power both in interior and foreign matters, so-called
2225:
2168:
2088:
2077:
1948:
1699:
1664:
1503:
1190:
1155:
868:
811:
714:
498:
219:
214:
4248:
A Nation in Barracks: Modern Germany, Military Conscription and Civil Society.
4233:
3053:
2550:
2542:
2455:
2397:
2220:
1905:
1875:
1597:
966:
4020:
The Collapse of Fortress Bush: The Crisis of Authority in American Government
2533:
in 1962, India dramatically expanded its military which helped India win the
4118:
3412:
3311:
U.S. forces were again enlarged immensely for World War I. Officers such as
3262:
reforms led to the development of professional military thinkers and cadre.
2973:
2934:
2910:
2703:
2691:
2390:
2318:
1895:
1719:
1669:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1469:
1260:
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1220:
662:
348:
315:
204:
24:
4262:
Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations.
2605:
2977:, and he declared the revolutionary government in the constitution of the
4059:"Biden signs defense policy bill, extending controversial spying program"
3487:
3459:
3381:
3023:
2845:
2668:
2347:, in spite of Allied attempts to crush German militarism by means of the
2310:
2301:
2290:
2068:
1910:
1885:
1518:
1150:
1125:
743:
298:
172:
3830:"Putin's war propaganda becomes 'patriotic' lessons in Russian schools"
3091:
in 1991. Russia was greatly weakened in what Russia's second President
2989:
2901:
2865:
2751:
2711:
2600:
2583:
2233:
2096:
1920:
1880:
1644:
1478:
1474:
821:
806:
682:
343:
338:
308:
247:
209:
40:
4271:(Reihe zur Geschichte Asiens; Bd. 19). Iudicium Verlag, MĂŒnchen 2019.
3910:
3478:, was built on the following of BolĂvar and such militaristic ideals.
2893:
2232:
The roots of German militarism can be found in 18th- and 19th-century
3893:"Nearly 40% of Russian public spending on defence â UK defence chief"
3687:"India Is Arming Villagers in One of Earth's Most Militarized Places"
3142:
2790:
2326:
2180:
2164:
2100:
1427:
828:
645:
381:
3793:
http://www.korea.net/News/Issues/IssueDetailView.asp?board_no=11037
4230:
Command: The Politics of Military Operations from Korea to Ukraine
3532:"Militaristic - definition of militaristic by The Free Dictionary"
3464:
3426:
3264:
3119:
By the end of 2023, Vladimir Putin planned to spend almost 40% of
2859:
2794:
2573:
2557:
region is regarded as one of the worldâs most militarized places.
2469:
2365:
2331:
2211:
2108:
903:
439:
434:
35:
3923:
From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role
3875:"Putin approves big military spending hikes for Russia's budget"
3305:
3293:
2915:
2811:
2678:
Elementary school students were given military drills, May 1942.
2285:
would later write in hindsight that ever since the reign of the
199:
194:
4286:
The Sword and the Scepter; the Problem of Militarism in Germany
3723:"India's Military Modernization in Doubt With Tiny Budget Rise"
3369:) were unprepared, resulting in catastrophic performance. When
2765:
In 1945, Japan surrendered to the United States, beginning the
2537:. India became the third Asian country in the world to possess
2502:, but the movement lost momentum due to lack of support by the
4188:
Conversi, Daniele 2007 'Homogenisation, nationalism and warâ,
3172:
The first military coup in the history of the republic was on
72:
4030:. New York: New York University Press, 2008, 14 and 108â117.
3758:"North Korea's Military-First Policy: A Curse or a Blessing?"
3185:
in the Soviet Union. The second military coup took place on
2750:
to prevent the intervention of the United States, which had
4264:
Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981.
3123:
on defense and security. UK Chief of Defence Staff Admiral
3740:"Strengths and Weaknesses in the Decision-Making Process"
2949:, Battle of Kawit, Battle of Nueva Ecija, the victorious
2702:
and its transformation into the Japanese puppet state of
2076:
in the administration or policy of the state" (see also:
4041:"Biden signs record $ 886 billion defense bill into law"
3782:
New Challenges of North Korean Foreign Policy By K. Park
3705:"How India is ramping up military modernization efforts"
3620:(2nd ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 92.
2848:
concept behind a shift in policies (since the death of
3560:
von Georg Heinrich von Berenhorst. Herausgegeben von
3453:
Militarism in Venezuela follows the cult and myth of
2256:
During the 17th-century reign of the "Great Elector"
3673:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
3474:, ruled by the Bolivarian government established by
2937:, a revolutionary organization against Spain at the
2478:The rise of militarism in India dates back to the
2395:, which was banned in 1921. In the same year, the
4171:Albany: State University of New York Press. 1996.
3859:. New York City: Associated Press. Archived from
3564:. Erste Abteilung 1845. Verlag von Aue in Dessau.
3470:Much of the modern political movement behind the
3439:flags saying, "ChĂĄvez lives, the fight continues"
3384:resulted in serious permanent military buildups.
2309:drawn almost entirely from among the land-owning
2087:Militarism has been a significant element of the
3651:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
3595:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 83.
3836:. Washington, D.C.: Fred Ryan. Archived from
3318:Between the first and second world wars, the
2415:and the Black Reichswehr went on to join the
2045:
8:
4167:Wars, Internal Conflicts and Political Order
3643:"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2019"
2406:
4108:
4106:
4104:
3685:Nanda, Showkat; Loke, Atul (8 March 2023).
2718:(1937â1945). Japanese troops streamed into
4212:Living Silence: Burma Under Military Rule.
4074:
4072:
3992:(Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2013), chap.2.
3322:engaged in questionable activities in the
3232:Foreign interventions by the United States
3228:United States involvement in regime change
2052:
2038:
62:
2627:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
2295:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
2258:Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
2115:. Examples from modern times include the
3344:
3326:in Latin America. Retired Major General
3241:in the Pacific and in the Caribbean and
3159:
3059:
3047:
2995:as a high-ranking general, he ordered a
2730:; the last conquest was followed by the
2690:(a Japanese military force stationed in
2673:
2613:style of militarism developed after the
1016:List of military strategies and concepts
3760:. Brookings Institution. Archived from
3514:
2955:Twin Battles of Binakayan and Dalahican
2663:, in which junior officers attempted a
70:
4178:McGill-Queen's University Press. 1985
3925:(Princeton Univ. Press, 1998), chap.4.
3756:Vorontsov, Alexander V (26 May 2006).
3176:, which resulted in the hanging of PM
3011:, which also called "The Liberation".
2754:oil sales to Japan in response to the
16:National reliance on a strong military
4176:War and Society in Europe, 1870â1970.
3851:Litvinova, Dasha (1 September 2023).
3521:New Oxford American Dictionary (2007)
3157:(1919â1923) and saved the motherland.
2586:after capturing the city in July 1937
7:
4192:, Vol. 13, no 3, 2007, pp. 1â24
3938:Social Darwinism in American Thought
3404:(where Kahn, among others, worked).
3064:Vladimir Putin with members of the '
3022:, which also made the Philippines a
2240:under Prussian leadership. However,
3911:https://www.ab.gov.tr/p.php?e=36535
2880:Military history of the Philippines
2519:tensions with neighbouring Pakistan
4081:Venezuela: Revolution as Spectacle
3204:The constitutional referendums in
2828:and society. The principle guides
2482:with the establishment of several
2236:and the subsequent unification of
14:
4305:Johns Hopkins University . 2005.
4150:. Oxford: University Press, 2005.
3828:Ilyushina, Mary (20 March 2022).
3616:Wheeler-Bennett, John W. (1953).
3141:Militarism has a long history in
2806:(often transliterated "songun"),
2734:. In 1940, Japan entered into an
2625:. It is exemplified by the 1882
3575:Morgenblatt fĂŒr gebildete StĂ€nde
2941:. Some notable battles were the
2549:and recent events including the
2389:as well as militias such as the
90:
3580:S. 191 rechts oben books.google
3449:Bolivarian Continental Movement
3419:into law on December 22, 2023.
3089:dissolution of the Soviet Union
3014:During the 1970s the President
2925:In the 19th century during the
2244:sees its origin already in the
3415:signed a record $ 886 billion
3273:During this time the ideas of
2726:, and the national capital of
2527:political integration of India
2374:German National People's Party
2345:German Revolution of 1918â1919
2270:Frederick William I of Prussia
2204:List of wars involving Germany
43:(and later German) Chancellor
1:
4303:Selling Intervention and War.
3814:Militarism in the Philippines
3137:List of wars involving Turkey
2884:In the pre-colonial era, the
2869:
2799:North Korean propaganda mural
2760:ensuing invasion of Indochina
2283:Georg Henirich von Berenhorst
2253:nobility would later evolve.
3675:(Harvard Univ. Press, 2013).
3239:to pursue an imperial policy
2484:Indian independence movement
49:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
4236:, September 2022, 574 pp.,
4148:The New American Militarism
3935:Richard Hofstadter (1992).
3578:) No. 48 vom 7. Juli 1846,
3472:Fifth Republic of Venezuela
3390:militaryâindustrial complex
3279:American overseas expansion
3104:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2510:, and Bose's sudden death.
2496:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2452:Federal Republic of Germany
2208:Military history of Germany
1509:Militaryâindustrial complex
988:Operational manoeuvre group
4358:
4079:Uzcategui, Rafael (2012).
3442:
3225:
3219:
3134:
3041:
3032:Integrated National Police
2971:, a faction separate from
2877:
2834:international interactions
2788:
2708:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
2567:
2535:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2486:organizations such as the
2201:
2195:
2099:, the Greek city state of
18:
4214:White Lotus Press. 2001.
4197:America's Military Today.
4003:The Wizards of Armageddon
2979:First Philippine Republic
1573:Loss-of-strength gradient
430:Combat information center
4296:A History of Militarism.
3798:13 November 2007 at the
3493:Militarization of police
3222:United States militarism
2961:, the President General
2756:Second Sino-Japanese War
2716:Second Sino-Japanese War
2504:Indian National Congress
2474:Military parade in India
2262:General War Commissariat
2219:, a civilian, wearing a
2141:United States of America
1891:Military science fiction
1376:Technology and equipment
797:List of military tactics
19:Not to be confused with
4260:Huntington, Samuel P..
4190:Nations and Nationalism
3962:Spencer Tucker (2009).
3433:Venezuelan armed forces
3284:The enlargement of the
3164:Military parade during
3113:Important Conversations
3085:treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3028:Philippine Constabulary
2864:The Philippine Army in
2826:North Korean government
2706:. Six years later, the
2655:, or institutionalized
2621:to power and began the
2460:highest defence budgets
1959:Wartime sexual violence
1715:Full-spectrum dominance
1526:Supply-chain management
4005:(1983, reissued 1991).
3440:
3358:
3270:
3169:
3168:celebrations in Ankara
3069:
3057:
2875:
2800:
2679:
2641:(IJN) to agree to the
2639:Imperial Japanese Navy
2635:Imperial Japanese Army
2587:
2475:
2456:large, modern military
2445:Allied High Commission
2441:Allied Control Council
2407:
2355:(1918â1933), the 1920
2340:
2229:
1871:Awards and decorations
1844:Peace through strength
1819:Low-intensity conflict
1453:Conscientious objector
1326:Area of responsibility
60:
47:, right, with General
4298:Meridian Books, 1959.
4199:The New Press. 2005.
4113:Block, Elena (2015).
3536:TheFreeDictionary.com
3445:Bolivarian Revolution
3430:
3417:defense spending bill
3348:
3336:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3268:
3257:After the end of the
3163:
3063:
3051:
3018:declared P.D.1081 or
2986:Filipino-American War
2927:Philippine Revolution
2863:
2798:
2771:Constitution of Japan
2748:attacked Pearl Harbor
2722:, conquering Peking,
2700:Invasion of Manchuria
2677:
2617:, which restored the
2597:Age of Warring States
2577:
2541:, culminating in the
2473:
2335:
2215:
463:Torpedo data computer
453:Ship gun fire-control
39:
4146:Bacevich, Andrew J.
4087:. pp. 142â149.
4026:2 March 2008 at the
3863:on 2 September 2023.
3618:The Nemesis of Power
3591:Wilson, Tim (2010).
3386:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3340:Good Neighbor policy
3290:SpanishâAmerican War
2838:Korean People's Army
2816:largest in the world
2698:, which sparked the
2661:February 26 Incident
2578:Japanese march into
2515:independence in 1947
2488:Indian National Army
2381:Treaty of Versailles
2349:Treaty of Versailles
1989:Military occupations
1824:Military engineering
1726:Unrestricted Warfare
1583:Force multiplication
481:Military manoeuvrers
51:, left, and General
4065:. 22 December 2023.
4047:. 23 December 2023.
3899:. 15 December 2023.
3881:. 27 November 2023.
3834:The Washington Post
3566:S. 187 books.google
3243:economic militarism
3121:public expenditures
3052:Military parade on
3044:Russian nationalism
2767:Occupation of Japan
2570:Japanese militarism
2547:Kashmiri insurgency
2513:After India gained
2492:Subhas Chandra Bose
2458:and has one of the
2145:First French Empire
1675:Penal military unit
1660:Rules of engagement
1336:Command and control
961:Operations research
425:Director (military)
415:Fire-control system
185:Command and control
66:Part of a series on
4342:Military sociology
4332:Political theories
4226:Freedman, Lawrence
4121:. pp. 74â91.
3729:. 1 February 2023.
3691:The New York Times
3671:Srinath Raghavan,
3441:
3359:
3271:
3259:American Civil War
3170:
3097:Putin's leadership
3070:
3058:
2939:Cry of Pugad Lawin
2876:
2801:
2775:Meiji Constitution
2682:In the 1930s, the
2680:
2588:
2476:
2454:today maintains a
2430:Emil Julius Gumbel
2341:
2317:-based culture of
2302:Napoleon Bonaparte
2230:
2121:Kingdom of Prussia
1784:Counter-insurgency
1705:Command of the sea
1650:Jewish laws on war
1625:Geneva Conventions
1161:Divide and conquer
956:Military operation
921:Tactical objective
420:Fire-control radar
397:Electronic-warfare
61:
4337:Military strategy
4242:978 0 241 45699 6
4210:Fink, Christina.
4015:Roberts, Alasdair
3975:978-1-85109-951-1
3948:978-0-8070-5503-8
3840:on 27 March 2022.
3802:> 12 May 2007.
3711:. 5 January 2022.
3627:978-1-4039-1812-3
3558:Aus dem Nachlasse
3375:Douglas MacArthur
3191:12 September 1980
3155:War of Liberation
2615:Meiji Restoration
2599:, where powerful
2555:Jammu and Kashmir
2498:with the help of
2277:had grown into a
2268:("soldier king")
2217:Otto von Bismarck
2198:German militarism
2062:
2061:
1954:Horses in warfare
1901:Anti-war movement
1804:Gunboat diplomacy
1794:Disaster response
1742:Philosophy of war
1737:Principles of war
1710:Deterrence theory
1655:Right of conquest
1578:Lanchester's laws
1346:Principles of war
1036:Counter-offensive
1021:Military campaign
926:Target saturation
849:Counterinsurgency
458:Gun data computer
392:Close air support
354:Aircraft carriers
53:Albrecht von Roon
45:Otto von Bismarck
4349:
4133:
4132:
4110:
4099:
4098:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4012:
4006:
3999:
3993:
3988:Audra J. Wolfe,
3986:
3980:
3979:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3941:. Beacon Press.
3932:
3926:
3921:Fareed Zakaria,
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3809:
3803:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3753:
3747:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3647:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3588:
3582:
3562:Eduard von BĂŒlow
3555:
3549:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3402:Rand Corporation
3367:Task Force Smith
3365:authority (e.g.
3313:George S. Patton
3275:social Darwinism
3195:28 February 1997
3108:Associated Press
3016:Ferdinand Marcos
3009:Battle of Manila
2965:established the
2963:Emilio Aguinaldo
2951:Battle of Alapan
2931:Andrés Bonifacio
2920:Battle of Mactan
2874:
2871:
2732:Nanking Massacre
2684:Great Depression
2645:position in the
2643:Ministry of Army
2508:Battle of Imphal
2410:
2408:Arbeitskommandos
2403:Black Reichswehr
2376:(DNVP) instead.
2223:officer's metal
2161:Benito Mussolini
2111:nation, and the
2054:
2047:
2040:
1809:Humanitarian aid
1747:Security dilemma
1568:Power projection
1351:Economy of force
1331:Chain of command
1046:Defence in depth
1031:Commerce raiding
854:Defeat in detail
190:Defense ministry
94:
85:
84:
75:
63:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4282:Ritter, Gerhard
4267:Ito, Tomohide:
4164:Barzilai, Gad.
4140:Further reading
4137:
4136:
4129:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4095:
4085:See Sharp Press
4078:
4077:
4070:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4028:Wayback Machine
4013:
4009:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3897:Army Technology
3891:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3800:Wayback Machine
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3767:
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3734:
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3640:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3568:. Rezension in
3556:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3484:
3451:
3431:Members of the
3425:
3394:Henry Kissinger
3371:Harry S. Truman
3353:with troops at
3320:US Marine Corps
3234:
3224:
3218:
3139:
3133:
3078:Peter the Great
3074:natural buffers
3046:
3040:
3001:Philippine Army
2953:and the famous
2886:Filipino people
2882:
2872:
2858:
2830:domestic policy
2793:
2787:
2773:supplanted the
2696:Mukden Incident
2623:Empire of Japan
2572:
2566:
2539:nuclear weapons
2531:Sino-Indian War
2523:Kashmir dispute
2468:
2359:, an attempted
2353:Weimar Republic
2329:noble classes.
2306:King of Prussia
2210:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2153:Empire of Japan
2097:Assyrian Empire
2058:
2029:
2028:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1829:Multilateralism
1814:Law enforcement
1774:
1764:
1763:
1732:Just war theory
1690:
1680:
1679:
1630:Geneva Protocol
1600:
1590:
1589:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1494:
1484:
1483:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1321:
1311:
1310:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1196:Network-centric
1116:
1106:
1105:
1013:
1003:
1002:
951:
941:
940:
889:Rapid dominance
794:
784:
783:
739:Electromagnetic
648:
638:
637:
624:
577:
525:
501:
491:
490:
486:Combat training
467:
444:
410:Combat systems:
406:
368:
364:Auxiliary ships
330:
290:
286:Military police
252:
175:
165:
164:
104:
78:
77:
76:
71:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4355:
4353:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4301:Western, Jon.
4299:
4289:
4279:
4277:978-3862052202
4265:
4258:
4246:Frevert, Ute.
4244:
4223:
4208:
4193:
4186:
4172:
4162:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4100:
4093:
4068:
4050:
4032:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3974:
3954:
3947:
3927:
3914:
3902:
3884:
3866:
3843:
3820:
3804:
3784:
3775:
3764:on 31 May 2006
3748:
3732:
3714:
3709:Deutsche Welle
3696:
3677:
3664:
3633:
3626:
3608:
3602:978-0199583713
3601:
3583:
3570:Literaturblatt
3550:
3541:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3480:
3424:
3421:
3363:United Nations
3351:George W. Bush
3328:Smedley Butler
3277:helped propel
3220:Main article:
3217:
3214:
3178:Adnan Menderes
3150:Ottoman Empire
3132:
3129:
3102:Following the
3093:Vladimir Putin
3039:
3036:
3026:state. By the
2947:Battle of Imus
2943:Siege of Baler
2878:Main article:
2857:
2854:
2789:Main article:
2786:
2783:
2779:State of Japan
2568:Main article:
2565:
2562:
2529:). After the
2500:Imperial Japan
2467:
2464:
2443:and later the
2418:Sturmabteilung
2336:Militarism in
2246:Teutonic Order
2242:Hans Rosenberg
2196:Main article:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2173:Russian Empire
2157:Italian Empire
2139:monarchy, the
2133:British Empire
2117:Ottoman Empire
2082:military junta
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Military terms
1991:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1932:
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1918:
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1806:
1801:
1796:
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1786:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
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1756:
1755:
1754:
1752:Tripwire force
1744:
1739:
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1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:Administrative
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:New generation
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:Fleet in being
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1114:Grand strategy
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:Scorched earth
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
978:Deep operation
975:
970:
963:
958:
952:
947:
946:
943:
942:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
907:
906:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
804:
795:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:Unconventional
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
727:
725:Disinformation
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
696:
695:
690:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
649:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
630:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
576:
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
524:
523:
522:
521:
516:
511:
502:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
483:
478:
476:Basic training
473:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
405:
404:
402:Reconnaissance
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
329:
328:
323:
321:Special forces
318:
313:
312:
311:
301:
296:
289:
288:
283:
278:
276:Reconnaissance
273:
268:
263:
258:
251:
250:
241:
236:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
160:
155:
145:
144:
143:
138:
128:
127:
126:
119:Post-classical
116:
111:
105:
100:
99:
96:
95:
87:
86:
68:
67:
21:Militarization
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4354:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4312:
4311:0-8018-8108-0
4308:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4292:Vagts, Alfred
4290:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4256:1-85973-886-9
4253:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4220:1-85649-925-1
4217:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:1-56584-883-7
4202:
4198:
4195:Ensign, Tod.
4194:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:0-7735-1763-4
4181:
4177:
4174:Bond, Brian.
4173:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4159:0-312-21467-7
4156:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4130:
4128:9781317439578
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4094:9781937276164
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4001:Fred Kaplan,
3998:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3572:(Beilage zum
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3455:SimĂłn BolĂvar
3450:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3357:, Texas, 2003
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3332:Business Plot
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3216:United States
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:12 March 1971
3184:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2781:was founded.
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:Fascist Italy
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:) staged the
2693:
2689:
2688:Kwantung Army
2685:
2676:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:tests of 1998
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2386:Der Stahlhelm
2382:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2279:standing army
2276:
2275:Prussian Army
2271:
2267:
2266:Soldatenkönig
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:German Empire
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:Mongol Empire
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1881:Warrior caste
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:Show of force
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:Peacebuilding
1837:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Air supremacy
1693:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Islamic rules
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Court-martial
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1514:Arms industry
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1131:Broken-backed
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1006:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Expeditionary
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
950:
945:
944:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Counterattack
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
787:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:Psychological
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
705:Combined arms
703:
701:
698:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
642:
641:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
617:
614:
613:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
579:
578:
570:
567:
566:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:Fortification
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
527:
526:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
504:
503:
500:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
365:
362:
360:
359:Landing craft
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
245:
244:Standing army
242:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
168:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
142:
139:
137:
136:pike and shot
134:
133:
132:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
103:
98:
97:
93:
89:
88:
82:
74:
69:
65:
64:
58:
57:Carl Steffeck
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4302:
4295:
4285:
4268:
4261:
4250:Berg, 2004.
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3968:. ABC-CLIO.
3964:
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3896:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3861:the original
3856:
3846:
3838:the original
3833:
3823:
3813:
3807:
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:the original
3751:
3743:
3735:
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3672:
3667:
3655:. Retrieved
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3247:Jeffersonian
3235:
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3199:15 July 2016
3182:
3171:
3166:Republic Day
3147:
3140:
3125:Tony Radakin
3118:
3111:
3101:
3082:
3071:
3013:
3005:
2997:conscription
2993:Antonio Luna
2983:
2972:
2966:
2959:Independence
2933:founded the
2924:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2844:is also the
2841:
2821:
2820:
2803:
2802:
2764:
2740:Nazi Germany
2714:sparked the
2681:
2657:disobedience
2650:
2631:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2580:Zhengyangmen
2559:
2512:
2477:
2449:
2437:Nazi Germany
2435:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2378:
2370:Adolf Hitler
2342:
2338:Nazi Germany
2323:
2299:
2287:soldier king
2286:
2265:
2255:
2231:
2224:
2177:Soviet Union
2149:Zulu Kingdom
2105:Roman Empire
2093:expansionist
2086:
2074:armed forces
2064:
2063:
1964:Fifth column
1944:War resister
1939:Women in war
1834:Peacekeeping
1779:Arms control
1724:
1413:Mobilization
1408:Conscription
1366:Intelligence
1319:Organization
965:
894:Encirclement
774:Radiological
710:Conventional
564:Subterranean
471:Development:
470:
447:
409:
371:
334:Naval units:
333:
326:Signal corps
293:
271:Intelligence
256:Specialties:
255:
180:Organization
131:Early modern
33:
3657:20 November
3498:Stratocracy
3476:Hugo ChĂĄvez
3437:ChĂĄvez eyes
3409:Vietnam War
3398:Herman Kahn
3324:Banana Wars
3302:Puerto Rico
3298:Philippines
3174:27 May 1960
3020:martial law
2984:During the
2873: 1899
2856:Philippines
2850:Kim Il Sung
2846:ideological
2808:North Korea
2785:North Korea
2665:coup d'Ă©tat
2611:nationalist
2480:British Raj
2401:set up the
2361:coup d'Ă©tat
2357:Kapp Putsch
2226:Pickelhaube
2169:North Korea
2129:Third Reich
2089:imperialist
2078:stratocracy
1949:War studies
1772:Non-warfare
1700:Appeasement
1665:Martial law
1504:War economy
1443:Transgender
1396:Recruitment
1156:Containment
1041:Culminating
949:Operational
869:Envelopment
812:Air assault
693:Air cavalry
653:Air defence
633:Information
534:Cold-region
499:Battlespace
448:Historical:
294:Land units:
220:Space force
215:Coast guard
148:Late modern
109:Prehistoric
29:Millenarism
4327:Militarism
4321:Categories
4234:Allen Lane
3504:References
3443:See also:
3349:President
3251:Jacksonian
3226:See also:
3135:See also:
3054:Red Square
3042:See also:
2637:(IJA) and
2603:warlords (
2595:period or
2551:Kargil War
2398:Reichswehr
2221:cuirassier
2202:See also:
2171:, and the
2065:Militarism
2009:War crimes
1999:Operations
1906:Foot drill
1876:Battle cry
1789:deterrence
1448:Harassment
1423:Specialism
1246:Technology
1241:Succession
1186:Liberation
1121:Asymmetric
1056:Empty fort
967:Blitzkrieg
936:Withdrawal
899:Investment
678:Camouflage
673:Biological
611:Underwater
586:Amphibious
505:Aerospace
372:Air units:
349:Submarines
158:fourth-gen
153:industrial
141:napoleonic
4119:Routledge
3742:Craig AM
3727:Bloomberg
3460:caudillos
3435:carrying
3423:Venezuela
3413:Joe Biden
3355:Fort Hood
3342:of 1934.
3286:U.S. Army
3183:politburo
3066:Yunarmiya
3056:in Moscow
3030:(PC) and
2974:Katipunan
2957:. During
2935:Katipunan
2911:Lapu-Lapu
2868:Bulacan,
2704:Manchukuo
2692:Manchuria
2521:over the
2413:Freikorps
2392:Freikorps
2368:party of
2319:deference
2187:By nation
1896:War novel
1799:Grey-zone
1759:War games
1720:Overmatch
1670:War crime
1620:Desertion
1610:Ceasefire
1605:Armistice
1492:Logistics
1470:Mercenary
1458:Volunteer
1389:Personnel
1361:Engineers
1306:Sociology
1261:World war
1256:Total war
1236:Strategic
1226:Religious
1211:Political
1206:Perpetual
1181:Irregular
1096:Offensive
1071:Defensive
1066:Deception
1026:Attrition
879:Guerrilla
874:Formation
817:Airbridge
749:Loitering
663:Artillery
316:Artillery
266:Engineers
234:Irregular
205:Air force
25:Millerism
4063:Politico
4024:Archived
3796:Archived
3768:26 March
3488:Jingoism
3482:See also
3382:Cold War
3288:for the
3024:garrison
2904:), and
2758:and the
2736:alliance
2724:Shanghai
2710:outside
2669:Hirohito
2652:gekokujĆ
2311:nobility
2291:Voltaire
2137:Habsburg
2069:military
1911:War song
1886:War film
1519:Materiel
1438:Children
1418:Training
1356:Medicine
1341:Doctrine
1296:Training
1231:Resource
1216:Princely
1166:Economic
1151:Conquest
1146:Colonial
1141:Cold war
1126:Blockade
1011:Strategy
983:Maneuver
744:Infantry
700:Chemical
554:Mountain
514:Airborne
377:Fighters
344:Warships
299:Infantry
225:Reserves
173:Military
41:Prussian
3879:Reuters
3857:AP News
3817:. 2005.
2990:General
2968:Magdalo
2902:Knights
2866:Malolos
2804:SĆn'gun
2728:Nanking
2647:Cabinet
2619:Emperor
2606:daimyĆs
2601:samurai
2593:Sengoku
2584:Beijing
2490:led by
2426:murders
2238:Germany
2234:Prussia
2192:Germany
2024:Writers
2019:Weapons
1984:Battles
1933:Related
1921:Wargame
1916:Uniform
1864:Culture
1645:Perfidy
1640:Justice
1561:Science
1546:Outpost
1499:History
1479:Warrior
1475:Soldier
1463:foreign
1401:counter
1301:Service
1251:Theater
1191:Limited
1171:Endemic
1086:Nuclear
859:Foxhole
834:Cavalry
822:Airdrop
807:Airlift
792:Tactics
764:Nuclear
754:Missile
683:Cavalry
668:Barrage
646:Weapons
606:Surface
387:Command
382:Bombers
339:Frogman
309:Cavalry
281:Medical
248:Militia
230:Regular
210:Marines
124:castles
114:Ancient
102:History
81:outline
4309:
4275:
4254:
4240:
4218:
4203:
4182:
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4125:
4091:
3972:
3945:
3624:
3599:
3373:fired
3304:, and
3296:, the
3143:Turkey
3131:Turkey
3038:Russia
2988:, the
2945:, the
2894:Guards
2890:Sandig
2842:Songun
2822:Songun
2791:Songun
2752:banned
2712:Peking
2545:. The
2506:, the
2327:Junker
2300:After
2251:Junker
2181:Russia
2165:Israel
2159:under
2155:, the
2151:, the
2147:, the
2143:, the
2135:, the
2131:, the
2119:, the
2107:, the
2103:, the
2101:Sparta
2004:Sieges
1688:Theory
1428:Morale
1286:Policy
1281:Branch
1061:Mosaic
1051:Fabian
998:Covert
931:Trench
916:Screen
839:Charge
829:Battle
802:Aerial
720:Denial
688:Horses
616:Seabed
569:Tunnel
549:Jungle
539:Desert
509:Aerial
4045:Axios
3646:(PDF)
3509:Notes
3465:ethos
2906:Tanod
2898:Kawal
2738:with
2720:China
2564:Japan
2466:India
2366:NSDAP
2315:class
2109:Aztec
1977:Lists
1433:Women
1371:Ranks
1291:Staff
1221:Proxy
1136:Class
1091:Naval
1076:Depth
911:Swarm
904:Siege
884:Naval
864:Drone
759:Music
734:Robot
730:Drone
715:Cyber
658:Armor
628:Cyber
601:Green
596:Brown
559:Urban
519:Space
440:Radar
435:Sonar
304:Armor
261:Staff
239:Ranks
27:, or
4307:ISBN
4273:ISBN
4252:ISBN
4238:ISBN
4216:ISBN
4201:ISBN
4180:ISBN
4155:ISBN
4123:ISBN
4089:ISBN
3970:ISBN
3943:ISBN
3770:2007
3659:2020
3622:ISBN
3597:ISBN
3447:and
3396:and
3380:The
3306:Cuba
3294:Guam
3230:and
3210:2017
3208:and
3206:2010
3148:The
2916:Cebu
2832:and
2812:DPRK
2742:and
2450:The
2424:Feme
2293:and
2206:and
2080:and
2014:Wars
1531:Base
1081:Goal
993:Raid
591:Blue
529:Land
200:Navy
195:Army
4017:.
3338:'s
2914:of
2896:),
2582:of
2297:).
2091:or
2084:).
1598:Law
1541:FOB
1536:MOB
581:Sea
73:War
4323::
4294:.
4284:.
4232:,
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4117:.
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31:.
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