258:. During the previous ten years, Morosi had worked on building a mountain top fortification. The mountain has sheer drops on three sides and the fourth consists of a 30° slope, which he reinforced with a series of strong walls, 8–12 feet (2.4–3.7 m) high, impervious to artillery, with loopholes for guns. There Morosi took refuge with around 300 Baphuthi soldiers and sufficient ammunition, food and cattle to resist a long siege, beginning 24 March, until he was finally overrun on 20 November.
215:
330:, in eventually overcoming Morosi, was assisted by Basuto soldiers armed with guns. However the Cape Government's subsequent policies destroyed any remaining trust or loyalty which the Basuto may have had to the Cape Colony. Firstly, the Cape Government imposed disarmament on the Basuto by extending the 1878 "Peace Preservation Act" into Basutoland for the first time in 1880. It also appropriated Morosi's lands in the Quthing District for white settlement.
126:, Mokuane was 60 years old and thus Morosi had undertaken most of his responsibilities. Mohale found little cattle during his attack on the Baphuthi, instead kidnapping several of their boys. The Baputhi then paid tribute to Moshoeshoe I and recognized his supremacy in order to recover their tribesmen. The Baputhi then moved to the mountain of Bolepeletsa. In early 1829, Morosi went on a successful joint expedition with Moshoeshoe I against the
173:: "This day you have fought against my people and taken much cattle. As the object for which you have come is to have a compensation for Boers, I beg you will be satisfied with what you have taken. I entreat peace from you. You have shown your power, you have chastised - let it be enough I pray you, and let me be no longer considered an enemy to the Queen. I will try all I can to keep my people in order in the future."
243:, Moshoeshoe granted him lands in the southwestern corner of Basutoland. Here, in 1879, Morosi's son Doda and some other Baphuthi tribesmen were refusing to pay the hut taxes which had been agreed upon between the chiefs and the Cape Government on the annexation of Basutoland to the Cape Colony in 1868. John Austen, the Resident Magistrate, imprisoned the offenders but a force of Baphuthis set them free. A troop of
193:
miles towards
Bloemfontein. The inhabitants, warned just in time to save their lives, fled without being able to remove anything. The invaders burned the houses, broke whatever implements they could not set fire to, and drove off more than 100,000 sheep, besides great droves of horned cattle and horses. In an hour the richest men in the district of Caledon River were reduced to destitution. 13 white men killed.
222:
293:
and fixed about 400 metres (1,300 ft) from the first wall behind a rapidly built, stone bastion. Mortar was fired over the walls of Morosi's fortifications for four days and nights prior to the attack. At 12.30 am an attempt was made on the mountain by scaling up a fissure, which became known as
297:
A private of the CMR named
Whitehead shot and killed Morosi. After his death, Morosi was decapitated, his head then boiled and stripped down to the bone. In the storming of his stronghold, Morosi's sons were also killed, with the exception of Doda, who escaped with around 120 men by jumping into the
247:(CMR) responded but were repulsed by Morosi, who refused to give up his son. Morosi and the approximately 1,500 Baphuthi men, along with their women and children took refuge on a mountain, where he requested a week to respond to the Cape Government's offer of safe return if he gave up the offenders.
192:
On 20 June 1865, before daylight 2000 warriors under
Poshuli and Morosi crossed the Caledon near its junction with Wilgeboom Spruit, and commenced to ravage the district before them. From the farm adjoining the commonage of Smithfield they laid waste a broad belt of country for a distance of thirty
114:
Morosi was the son of
Mokuane, a Baphuthi man, and Maidi (daughter of chief Tshosane) at Marunyeng (the present day Thoteng) in Mohale's hoek district. This was during the journey to the new home, the foothills of Thaba-Linoha, now known as Maphutseng. According to Major David Hook, who met him, he
176:
Hostilities commenced at
Beersheba Mission Station on 23 March 1858 between the Boers and Basuto. On 6 May, an Orange Free State force marched on Thaba Bosiu and defeated the Basotho. President Boshof appealed to Sir George Grey, Governor of the Cape... treaty signed eventually on 15 October 1858.
261:
Morosi was besieged by up to 800 Cape soldiers and 1,500 Sotho, who had been lured by
Griffith on the understanding that they would not be subject to disarmament under the Cape Peace Preservation Act of 1878. A first assault on the mountain took place on 8 April but was repulsed. Two men in that
1093:
The immortal history of South Africa : the only truthful, political, colonial, local, domestic, agricultural, theological, national, legal, financial and intelligent history of men, women, manners and facts of the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange Free State, Transvaal, and South Africa.
294:
Bourne's Crack. The storming party reached the top before Morosi's men could regroup against the assault. On reaching the top, the CMR cut down the enemy then set out to find Morosi. Several small parties of
Baphuthi were hiding in caves, within one of which was Morosi.
153:
Morosi won a skirmish against the
British at Dulcie's Nek on the border between the Herschel District of the Cape Colony and the Quthing District of Basutoland on 21 February 1851. In April 1851, Morosi along with Loperi, Mohali and Letsi attacked Major Donovan.
188:
On 19 June 1865, Mr Burnet, Civil
Commissioner for Aliwal North wrote to the High Commissioner to say that a wholesale system of thieving was determined on by Poshuli and Morosi and that the Boers and Basutho had come into collision. Ongoing hostilities.
202:
On 12 March 1868, Basutoland was declared a
British territory. King Moshoeshoe dies died on 11 March 1870. On 3 November 1871, Basutoland was annexed to the Cape Colony. On 23 November 1872, responsible government was established at Cape Town.
168:
When in November 1852, Cathcart found Moshoeshoe not amenable to reason, he decided to move against him. 20 December 1852. Cathcart's forces under Colonel Eyre were vastly outnumbered and in trouble. After battle, Moshoeshoe wrote from
313:
Morosi had a number of sons, including Doda and Letuka. Letuka, who was killed at the same time as Morosi, was the father of Mocheka. Mocheka, in 1913, tried and failed to have himself reinstated as chief of the Baphuthi.
322:
The conflict between Morosi and the Cape forces was one of the defining events of the exercise of authority in Phuthiland and Basutoland overall, which relied on the use of firearms and control of economic production.
1222:
The history of the battles and adventures of the British, the Boers, and the Zulus, &c. in Southern Africa : from the time of Pharaoh Necho to 1880 : with copious chronology. Vol. II
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Jolly, Pieter (June 1995). "Melikane and Upper Mangolong Revisited: The Possible Effects on San Art of Symbiotic Contact between South-Eastern San and Southern Sotho and Nguni Communities".
106:
ruling establishment, rallied to support the Cape forces, and the rebellion was put down after several months of arduous fighting. Morosi was beheaded and his body mutilated by Cape troops.
150:
progressed, the Boers began to encroach on Basuto territory. Moshoeshoe I introduced Morosi to Benjamin D'Urban, Governor of the Cape Colony, at Graham's Town in September 1837.
122:, Mohale a brother of the paramount chief of Basutoland Moshoeshoe I, decided to raid the Baphuthi in order to steal their cattle. At the time they lived at the source of the
980:
1573:
1410:
Weisfelder, Richard F. (December 2011). "Review: "Throwing Down White Man:" Cape Rule and Misrule in Colonial Lesotho, 1871-1884 by Peter Sanders".
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from September 1880 to April 1881. The Cape forces were ultimately incapable of enforcing the order and gave back Basutoland to Britain in 1884.
214:
988:
Atmore, Anthony (1980). "Review: The Justice of the Queen's Government: The Cape's Administration of Basutoland, 1871-1884 by S. B. Burman".
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sent an ultimatum to Moshoeshoe after some Free State burghers had been imprisoned and ill-treated by the latter, and then proclaimed war.
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Poshuli and Morosi ravaged the country, and at the junction of the Caledon and Wilgeboom rivers, killed 13 white men on 20 June 1865.
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1463:
1025:
Atmore, Anthony (January 1983). "Review: Chiefdom Politics and Alien Law: Basutoland under Cape Rule, 1871-1884 by S. B. Burman".
286:
1237:
Murray, Colin (April 1983). "Review: Chiefdom Politics and Alien Law: Basutoland under Cape Rule, 1871-1884 by S. B. Burman".
305:
For eight months Morosi and the Baphuthi had succeeded in holding off superior Cape forces with the skillful use of firearms.
95:
340:
Morosi's rebellion therefore played a significant role in maintaining the identity of the territory and the existence of
1381:
Watson, R. L. (1983). "Review: Chiefdom Politics and Alien Law: Basutoland under Cape Rule, 1871-1884 by S. B. Burman".
285:
The final assault on Morosi's stronghold took place on the night of 19–20 November 1879 under the command of Colonel
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1258:
Nkemdirim, Bernard A. (March 1977). "Reflections on Political Conflict, Rebellion, and Revolution in Africa".
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138:, carrying away large herds of cattle. A second joint expedition followed in the May of the same year.
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During that week, Morosi gradually and stealthily moved to another mountain 20 miles away in the
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In recognition of Morosi's military assistance and successes, most recently in the war with the
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Atmore, Anthony; Sanders, Peter (1971). "Sotho Arms and Ammunition in the Nineteenth Century".
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brought a force into Basutoland in 1852, Morosi was largely responsible for defeating him.
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Watson, R. L. (1980). "The Subjection of a South African State: Thaba Nchu, 1880-1884".
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Gocking, Roger (1997). "Colonial Rule and the 'Legal Factor' in Ghana and Lesotho".
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Atmore, Anthony (1970). "The Moorosi Rebellion". In Rotberg, R.; Mazrui, A. (eds.).
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The Basuto resisted disarmament and rose in rebellion, which led to the
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274:. A second assault took place on 5 June, involving the recently formed
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Tylden, Geoffrey (1936). "The capture of Morosi's Mountain, 1879".
302:. Morosi's wives were also killed, as were some 200 of his men.
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government in 1879, in defence of his independence south of the
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There was an attempt to storm Thaba Bosiu on 15 August 1865.
94:. The British refused to help the Cape Government. However,
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With sword and statute (on the Cape of Good Hope frontier)
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There were no hostilities until June 1865, when President
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Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
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Moorosi: A South African king's battle for survival
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Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
1176:"Morosi's Mountain 1879, A Royal Engineer's Report"
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282:was awarded the Victoria Cross for his part.
221:
8:
1339:(5). South African Military History Society.
1186:(3). South African Military History Society.
289:. A mortar and ammunition was sent up from
979:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1485:. New York: Holmes and Meier Publishers.
1193:The South African Archaeological Bulletin
1111:Small Wars. Their Principals and Practice
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1220:Moodie, Duncan Campbell Francis (1888).
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118:In the 1820s, during the course of the
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1329:"Basutoland Roll of Honour 1851-1881"
1260:The Journal of Modern African Studies
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1224:. Cape Town: Murray & St Leger.
1039:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097496
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1239:Journal of Southern African Studies
82:chief in the wild southern part of
1327:Tylden, Geoffrey (December 1969).
1161:. Cape Town: J. C. Juta & Co.
25:
1574:African resistance to colonialism
965:Protest and Power in Black Africa
254:range, which came to be known as
1458:. Leiden: Afrika-Studiecentrum.
220:
213:
1512:. Seattle: LifeTime Creations.
1483:Chiefdom politics and alien law
207:Morosi's Mountain 1879 Campaign
115:was small and had yellow skin.
86:. He led a revolt against the
78:; died 20 November 1879) was a
1346:The Journal of African History
1297:Moshoeshoe, chief of the Sotho
1056:The Journal of African History
990:The Journal of African History
1:
1113:(3rd ed.). London: HMSO.
1109:Callwell, Col C. E. (1906).
1091:Boon, Martin James (1885).
234:Morosi's Mountain (Lesotho)
1600:
1569:19th century in Basutoland
1481:Burman, Sandra B. (1980).
1454:Burman, Sandra B. (1976).
1174:Hulme, J. J. (June 1990).
1155:Hook, David Blair (1906).
1096:. London: William Reeves.
1527:Tylden, Geoffrey (1950).
1358:10.1017/s0021853700018351
1272:10.1017/s0022278x0001449x
1068:10.1017/s0021853700011130
1002:10.1017/s0021853700018545
862:Atmore & Sanders 1971
719:Atmore & Sanders 1971
344:as a nation state today.
1333:Military History Journal
1180:Military History Journal
1295:Sanders, Peter (1975).
1529:The Rise of the Basuto
1412:African Studies Review
1508:Fysh, Graham (2012).
1424:10.1353/arw.2011.0049
433:, pp. 37–38, 41.
276:Cape Mounted Yeomanry
262:assault received the
245:Cape Mounted Riflemen
142:Chief of the Baphuthi
653:, pp. 120, 541.
134:who lived below the
1531:. Cape Town: Juta.
876:, pp. 83, 265.
864:, pp. 542–543.
799:, pp. 196–197.
775:, pp. 193–194.
291:King William's Town
62:Cause of death
102:, and many of the
1584:Basutoland people
888:, pp. 371–2.
578:, pp. 88–89.
256:Morosi's Mountain
241:Orange Free State
228:Morosi's Mountain
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1126:(1): 61–85.
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1030:
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268:Robert Scott
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146:As the Boer
145:
117:
113:
92:Orange River
75:
71:
70:
1554:1879 deaths
969:. New York.
946:Atmore 1980
910:Atmore 1970
850:Moodie 1888
826:Moodie 1888
797:Moodie 1888
785:Moodie 1888
773:Moodie 1888
749:Tylden 1936
704:Moodie 1888
687:Moodie 1888
668:Moodie 1888
651:Moodie 1888
639:Moodie 1888
627:Moodie 1888
615:Moodie 1888
603:Moodie 1888
588:Moodie 1888
576:Moodie 1888
564:Moodie 1888
552:Moodie 1888
540:Moodie 1888
528:Moodie 1888
516:Moodie 1888
504:Moodie 1888
487:Moodie 1888
475:Tylden 1969
446:Moodie 1888
407:Watson 1983
392:Atmore 1983
375:Watson 1980
360:Murray 1983
272:Peter Brown
252:Drakensberg
171:Thaba Bosiu
161:, when Sir
157:During the
136:Drakensberg
132:Ngubengcuka
88:Cape Colony
1548:Categories
1389:(3): 519.
1352:(3): 368.
1245:(2): 267.
1230:2263/16781
734:Hulme 1990
419:Jolly 1995
348:References
266:: Sergent
148:Great Trek
124:Tele River
110:Early life
100:Moshoeshoe
84:Basutoland
55:Basutoland
43:1879-11-20
1537:468950930
1474:905668281
1440:142909941
1374:162216084
1322:: 208–15.
1288:154712225
1148:145302289
1102:2263/8874
1084:161528484
1018:162399243
975:cite book
886:Hook 1906
874:Hook 1906
838:Boon 1885
761:Hook 1906
458:Hook 1906
1432:41304805
1167:7247141M
80:Baphuthi
1501:5830529
1251:2636306
1213:3889275
1140:1161270
342:Lesotho
120:Mfecane
76:Moorosi
18:Moorosi
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1010:181208
1008:
318:Legacy
128:Thembu
96:Letsie
72:Morosi
31:Morosi
1436:S2CID
1428:JSTOR
1399:JSTOR
1370:S2CID
1362:JSTOR
1284:S2CID
1276:JSTOR
1247:JSTOR
1209:JSTOR
1144:S2CID
1136:JSTOR
1094:Vol.1
1080:S2CID
1072:JSTOR
1043:JSTOR
1014:S2CID
1006:JSTOR
104:Sotho
1533:OCLC
1514:ISBN
1497:OCLC
1487:ISBN
1470:OCLC
1460:ISBN
1301:ISBN
981:link
74:(or
65:Shot
37:Died
1420:doi
1391:doi
1354:doi
1268:doi
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