1901:. These premium examples may need 5 to 10 years to develop before they drink well. The potentially lighter Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Carmignano and Rosso di Montalcino tend to open earlier (around 5 years of age) but have a shorter life span of 8 to 10 years. The aging potential of Chianti is highly variable, depending on the producer, vintage and sub-zone of the Chianti region it is produced in. Basic Chianti is meant to be consumed within 3 to 4 years after vintage while top examples of Chianti Classico Riserva can last for upwards of 15 years. New World Sangiovese has so far, shown a relatively short window of drinkability with most examples best consumed with 3 to 4 years after harvest with some basic examples of Argentine Sangiovese having the potential to only improve for a year after bottling.
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Romain, Primaticcio, Prugnolo, Prugnolo Dolce (in
Tuscany), Prugnolo di Montepulciano, Prugnolo Gentile, Prugnolo Gentile di Montepulciano, Puttanella (in Calabria), Riminese, Rosso di Montalcino, San Gioveto, San Zoveto (in Tuscany), Sancivetro, Sangineto, Sangiogheto (in Tuscany), Sangiovese dal Cannello Lungo, Sangiovese di Lamole, Sangiovese di Romagna, Sangiovese Dolce, Sangiovese Gentile, Sangiovese Grosso, Sangiovese Nostrano, Sangiovese Piccolo, Sangiovese Toscano, Sangioveto (in Tuscany), Sangioveto dell'Elba, Sangioveto Dolce, Sangioveto Grosso, Sangioveto Montanino, Sanvincetro, Sanzoveto, Tabernello, Tignolo, Tipsa, Toustain (in
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1274:. By the mid-20th century, this 100% varietal Sangiovese was eagerly being sought out by critics and wine drinkers alike. The Montalcino region seems to have ideal conditions for ripening Sangiovese with the potential for full ripeness achievable even on north-facing slopes. These slopes tend to produce lighter and more elegant wines that then those made from vineyards on south and southwest facing slopes.
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710:. It is possible, and even likely, that Sangiovese is one of the parents of each of these grape varieties. Since these grape varieties are spread over different parts of Italy (Apulia, Calabria, Sicily and Tuscany), this confirmed by genetic methods that Sangiovese is a key variety in the pedigree of red Italian grape varieties.
1514:. But it was never considered very important until the success of the Super Tuscans in the 1980s spurred new interest in the grape. In 1991, there were nearly 200 acres (81 ha) planted with Sangiovese. By 2003, that number rose to nearly 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) with plantings across the state, most notably in
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and is widely planted across the region. Like its neighboring Tuscan brother, Sangiovese di
Romagna has shown itself to spring off a variety of clones that can produce a wide range of quality—from very poor to very fine. Viticulturists have worked with Romagna vines to produce new clonal varieties of
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treatment. One historical technique is the blending of other grape varieties with
Sangiovese, in order to complement its attractive qualities and fill in the gaps of some of its weaker points. The Sangiovese-based wines of Chianti have a long tradition of liberally employed blending partners—such as
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and is generally accepted by ampelographers, some wine texts publish contradictory information that
Ciliegiolo is an offspring (rather than parent) of Sangiovese. This belief is based on a 2007 study of 38 genetic markers stating that suggested that Ciliegiolo was the product of Sangiovese crossing
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Sangiovese's ability to express terroir and age gracefully has earned it a revered status among wine enthusiasts worldwide, cementing its place as one of Italy's most cherished grape varieties. Because of its distinctive character and versatility, Sangiovese is the singular or primary grape variety
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in the late 19th and early 20th century. Early site and clonal selection was less than ideal and, like
California and Australia, recent endeavors have focused on finding the best clones to use and the right vineyard locations. The grape is not widely planted in Argentina and the focus is mostly on
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in the foothills of Napa Valley found that the greater intensity of sunlight in
California may have been one possible factor for the poorer quality. Today the style of these Californian Sangiovese tend to be more fruit-driven than their Tuscan counterparts with some floral notes. Recent years have
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While there was over 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) of
Sangiovese planted in Italy in 1990, plantings of the grape began to decline. However, at the turn of the 21st century, Italy was still the leading source for Sangiovese, with 69,790 hectares (172,500 acres) planted in 2000, primarily in the
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and limiting the amount of direct sunlight that can reach the ripening grapes. Advances in understanding the quality and characteristics of the different clones of
Sangiovese has led to the identification and propagation of superior clones. While high-yielding clones have been favored in the past,
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region of
Campania), Ingannacane, Lambrusco Mendoza (in Tuscany), Maglioppa, Montepulciano, Morellino, Morellone, Negrello (in Calabria), Negretta, Nerello (in Sicily), Nerello Campotu (in Calabria), Nerino, Niella (in Corsica), Nielluccia, Nielluccio (in Corsica), Pigniuolo Rosso, Pignolo, Plant
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In the late 20th and early 21st century, the
Maremma region located in the southwest corner of Tuscany has seen vast expansion and a surge of investment from outside the region. The area is reliably warm with a shorter growing season. Sangiovese grown in the Maremma is capable of developing broad
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to add color and alcohol to the blend—an illegal practice that did little to improve the quality of Chianti. From the 1970s through the 1980s, a revolution of sorts spread through Tuscany as the quality of the Sangiovese grape was rediscovered. Winemakers became more ambitious and willing to step
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region. The Sangiovese Grosso, according to Molon, produced the highest quality wine, while the varieties in the Sangiovese Piccolo family, which included the majority of clones, produced wine of a lesser degree of quality. In the late 20th century, research by the Italian government and Chianti
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From the early to mid-20th century, the quality of Chianti was in low regard. DOC regulation that stipulate the relatively bland Trebbiano and Malvasia grapes needed to account for at least 10% of the finished blend, with consequent higher acidity and diluted flavours. Some wineries trucked in
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and an authorized planting in an additional 13. It accounts for approximately 10% of all vineyard plantings in Italy with more than 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) planted to one of the many clonal variation of the grape. Throughout Italy it is known under a variety of names including
462:. In the wines of Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Sangiovese would experience a period of popularity in the late 19th and early 20th century. In the 1970s, Tuscan winemakers began a period of innovation by introducing modern
1237:. The ideal vineyard locations are found on south and southwest-facing slopes at altitudes between 490–1,800 ft (150–550 m). In general, Sangiovese has a more difficult time fully ripening in the Chianti region than it does in the Montalcino and
1853:, mulberry and plum fruit. Even percentages as low as 4 to 5% of Cabernet Sauvignon can overwhelm the Sangiovese if the fruit quality is not high. As the wine ages, some of these Cabernet dominant flavours can soften and reveal more Sangiovese character.
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Sangiovese Grosso, used for traditionally powerful and slow maturing red wines, is primarily grown in the central regions of Italy, particularly in Tuscany, where it is the dominant grape variety. Here, Sangiovese thrives in various subregions, including
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The intense fruit and deep color of Cabernet was shown to be well suited for blending with Sangiovese but banned in many Italian DOCs. In the 1970s, the rise of "Super Tuscans"-wines that eschew DOC regulation in favor of the lower classification of
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but the vast majority of Sangiovese wines are intended to be consumed relatively early in their lives. The wines with the longest aging potential are the Super Tuscans and Brunello di Montalcino wines that can age for upwards of 20 years in ideal
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content and light color. Blending can have a pronounced effect on enhancing or tempering the wine's quality. The dominant nature of Cabernet can sometimes have a disproportionate influence on the wine, even overwhelming Sangiovese character with
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is Sangiovese, most wine historians generally consider this to be the first historical mention of the grape. Regardless, it would not be until the 18th century that Sangiovese would gain widespread attention throughout Tuscany, being with
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is tomato-based pasta and pizza sauces with a Sangiovese-based Chianti. Varietal Sangiovese or those with a smaller proportion of the powerful, full-bodied Cabernet blended in, can accentuate the flavours of relatively bland dishes like
917:. Modern winemakers have devised many techniques trying to find ways to add body and texture to Sangiovese — ranging from using grapes that come from extremely low yielding vines, to adjusting the temperature and length of
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Over the years, Sangiovese has been known under a variety of synonyms, many of which have come to be associated with a particular clone of the grape variety. Among the synonyms recognized for the grape are: Brunelletto (in the
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As in California, Australian winemakers have begun seeking out the best vineyard location for the grape and being more selective in which clones are planted. Some regions that have shown promise for the grape include the
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or darker fruits depending on the proportion of Cabernet blended in. Argentine examples showing a hybrid between the Tuscan and California Sangiovese with juicy red fruit wines that end on a bitter cherry note.
1330:. In northern Italy, the grape is a minor variety with it having difficulties ripening north of Emilia-Romagna. In the south, it is mainly used as a blending partner with the region's local grapes such as
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While Sangiovese plantings are found worldwide, the grape's homeland is central Italy. From there the grape was taken to North and South America by Italian immigrants. It first achieved some popularity in
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tend to have pronounced "grapey" flavours characteristic of Muscat grapes, Ciliegiolo exhibits none of those flavour profiles which makes it unlikely to be an offspring of Muscat Rouge de Madère.
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because Muscat Rouge de Madère has no history of ever being cultivated in Italy (where it could have crossed with Sangiovese). Furthermore, while many grapes with lineage involving members of the
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in Italy have traditionally begun after September 29, with modern harvest often taking place in mid-late October. A longer growing season gives the grapes time to develop richness and potential
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Another Italian study published in 2008 using DNA typing showed a close genetic relationship between Sangiovese on the one hand and ten other Italian grape varieties on the other hand:
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Soils with low fertility are ideal and help control some of the vigor of the vine. Planting vines in high densities in order to curb vigor may have the adverse effect of increasing
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which is covered by much of the Sangiovese di Romagna DOC zone. The higher summer time temperatures of this area gives more opportunity for Sangiovese to sufficiently ripen. The
2691:. Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany. Archived from
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region of Tuscany), Brunello, Brunello di Montalcino, Cacchiano (in Tuscany), Calabrese (in Tuscany), Cardisco, Chiantino (in Tuscany), Cordisio, Corinto nero (on the island of
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Sangiovese is considered the "workhorse" grape of central Italy, producing everything from everyday drinking to premium wines in a variety of styles-from red still wines, to
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Young Sangiovese has fresh fruity flavours of strawberry and a little spiciness, but it readily takes on oaky, even tarry, flavours when aged in barrels. While not as
1730:. As the availability of clones expanded (currently 10 available commercially as of 2011), so did plantings of Sangiovese with 517 hectares (1,280 acres) in 2008.
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play off the herbal notes of the grapes. Sangiovese that has been subject to more aggressive oak treatment pairs well with grilled and smoked food. If Cabernet,
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The high acidity and light body characteristics of the Sangiovese grape can present a problem for winemaking. The grape also lacks some of the color-creating
1178:-increased the demand for more flexibility in the DOC laws. While the first DOC to be permitted to blend Cabernet Sauvignon with Sangiovese was approved for
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regions to the south. This is due to cooler nighttime temperatures and high propensity for rainfall in September and October that can affect harvest time.
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need to be kept in check as the vine is notably vigorous and prone to overproduction. In Chianti, most quality conscious producers limit their yields to 3
326:, Sangiovese often has a flavour profile of sour red cherries with earthy aromas and tea leaf notes. Wines made from Sangiovese usually have medium-plus
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Today there is a broad range of style of Chianti reflecting the Sangiovese influence and winemaker's touch. Traditional Sangiovese emphasize herbal and
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the grape found a sudden surge of popularity in the late 1980s with the "Cal-Ital" movement of winemakers seeking red wine alternatives to the standard
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regions there is often a maximum limit on the amount of other varietals that can be blended with Sangiovese; in Chianti the limit for Cabernet is 15%.
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are experimenting with oak-aged "Super Tuscan" style blends of Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon. Additional plantings of Sangiovese can be found in
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from the Apulia region in the heel of the Italian boot. In Campania, among the many seedless mutations of Sangiovese still growing in the region are
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Where the crossing between Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo occurred is not known, with some believing the cross happened in Tuscany while other
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echoed a similar description about the quality of Sangiovese being dependent on the grapes with which it was blended. The winemaker and politician,
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Early results in the late 20th century, were not very promising for California winemakers. Poor site and clonal selection had the grape planted in
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1993:), Tuccanese (in Apulia), Uva Abruzzi, Uva Tosca, Uvetta, Uva brunella, Uva Canina, Vigna del Conte (in Calabria) and Vigna Maggio (in Tuscany).
1797:, the first varietal version of Sangiovese was released in 1998 and today there are 6 hectares (15 acres) of the grape planted, mostly on the
1577:. Today, winemakers are seeking out locations that can highlight the varietal character of Sangiovese. These young plantings in areas such as
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and Rosso Conero. And, while its stronghold is in the central region of the country, it is also grown in smaller quantities in regions like
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in 1975, most of Tuscany's premier wine regions were not permitted to blend Cabernet Sauvignon with Sangiovese till the late 20th century.
506:. While Ciliegiolo has a long history tied to the Tuscan region, Calabrese Montenuovo (which is not related to the grape commonly known as
634:. Molon discovered that the Italian grape known as "Sangiovese" was actually several "varieties" of clones which he broadly classified as
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leaf notes. Like in California, plantings of Sangiovese in Washington have declined in recent years to 185 acres (75 ha) in 2011.
757:, having the potential to produce elegant wines with forceful aromas. In the Chianti Classico region, Sangiovese thrives on the highly
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Sangiovese di Romagna adapts to different soil types, producing richer, more full bodied and tannic wines in the central provinces of
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was the only available clone for Australian winemakers. The first large-scale commercial planting of the grape was in the 1980s when
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1880:-savoriness to it that enhances its herbal component. Californian examples tend to have more bright, red fruit flavours with some
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regions of Portugal. In addition to support of fewer genetic markers, this alternative theory is disputed by geneticists such as
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784:. The lesser zones of the generic Chianti appellation are predominantly clay, which often produce as high quality of wine as
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717:, a grape variety predominantly growing in Apulia, though the exact nature of this relationship has yet to be determined.
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and many "Super Tuscans". Outside Tuscany, it is found throughout central Italy where it places an important role in the
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Soderini notes that in Tuscany the grape makes very good wine but if the winemaker is not careful, it risks turning into
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focused on improving vineyard site and clonal selection as well as giving the vines time to age and develop in quality.
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858:) of fruit per vine. Wine made from high-yielding vines tend to produce wines with light color, high acidity, and less
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874:(anti-oxidants). Fully developed grapes are typically 19 mm long x 17 mm wide, with an average weight of 3
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Classico Consorizo discovered that some of the best producing clones, from a wine quality perspective, came from the
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that gave it too much exposure to the sun, producing wines that had little in common with the wines of Tuscany. The
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suggesting it may have happened in southern Italy. Evidence for this latter theory is the proliferation of seedless
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642:. The Sangiovese Grosso family included the clones growing in the Brunello region as well as the clones known as
803:. The grape requires sufficient warmth to ripen fully, but too much warmth and its flavours can become diluted.
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2470:"Wines Of The Week: Tio Pepe Fino En Rama, Bibi Graetz Colore And A Winter-Perfect Gin From Revivalist Spirits"
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981:, some modern producers will utilize new French oak barrels but there is a tradition of using large, used oak
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of Sangiovese, known under various synonyms, throughout various regions of southern Italy including Campania,
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1421:. The grape was likely brought to the island sometime between 14th and 18th century when it was ruled by the
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the export market. In 2008 there were 2,319 hectares (5,730 acres) of Sangiovese planted, most of it in the
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518:. This essentially means that the genetic heritage of Sangiovese is half Tuscan and half southern Italian.
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more attention is being paid to matching the clone to the vineyard site and controlling the vine's vigor.
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Different regions will impart varietal character on the wine with Tuscan Sangiovese having a distinctive
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grapes, most notably Cabernet Sauvignon, have been a favored blending partner though in many Italian DOC/
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plays a dominant role, the food pairing option should treat the Sangiovese blend as one of those fuller-
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1534:. However, in recent years plantings of the variety have declined to 1,950 acres (790 ha) by 2010.
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To add color and fruit to the wine, some winemakers will blend their Sangiovese with Cabernet Sauvignon
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formulated one of the early recipes for Chianti when he blended his Sangiovese with a sizable amount of
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291:. The former is well known as an ancient variety in Tuscany, the latter is an almost-extinct relic from
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wine production. In 2008, there were 1,319 hectares (3,260 acres) of Sangiovese/Nielluccio on Corsica.
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While the parentage of Ciliegiolo and Calabrese Montenuovo for Sangiovese was established based on 50
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823:. In regions (like some areas of Tuscany) that are prone to rainfall in October, there is a risk for
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and lighter, fruitier wines in the western and eastern extremes of the regions near the border with
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Sangiovese's high acidity and moderate alcohol makes it a very food-friendly wine when it comes to
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zone includes over 17,500 acres (7,100 ha) of Sangiovese that produces on average 3.4 million
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1110:. It is the main grape used in the popular red wines of Tuscany, where it is the solitary grape of
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described wines made from Sangiovese as excellent when blended with other varieties but hard and
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44:"Sangioveto" redirects here. For another Tuscan wine grape that is also known as Sangioveto, see
2606:‘Sangiovese’ and ‘Garganega’ are two key varieties of the Italian grapevine assortment evolution
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in the creation of wines that were given the collective marketing sobriquet "Super Tuscans".
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exist, of which Brunello is one of the best regarded. An attempt to classify the clones into
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Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours
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due to the Sangiovese grape's thin skin. In other areas, such as the dry conditions of the
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and even the white wine grapes like Trebbiano and Malvasia. Since the late 20th century,
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DNA analysis in 2001 also suggests a strong genetic relationship between Sangiovese and
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are now experimenting with the variety, Sangiovese has a long history on the island of
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Sangiovese or a "Super Tuscan" blend with Bordeaux varietals like Cabernet and Merlot.
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in Marche. Significant Sangiovese plantings can also be found outside central Italy in
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37:"Niella" redirects here. For the Corsican wine grape that is also known as Niella, see
31:
2616:, M. Crespan, A. Calò, S. Giannetto, A. Sparacio, P. Storchi and A. Costacurta, Vitis
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30:"Riminese" redirects here. For a white Italian wine grape also known as Riminese, see
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A Rosso di Montalcino made from 100% Sangiovese in the Brunello di Montalcino region.
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and Yakima Valley have so far produced wines with a spicy and tart cherry flavours,
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character but does have the potential of developing too much alcohol and not enough
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with 1,663 hectares (4,110 acres), California with 1,371 hectares (3,390 acres) and
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Other areas in the United States with sizable plantings of Sangiovese include the
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region it produced wines that had few similarities to its Tuscan counterparts. In
973:. Additionally, Sangiovese has shown itself to be a "sponge" for soaking up sweet
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wine that could be aged for a considerable period of time. In 1888, his grandson
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Other techniques used to improve the quality of Sangiovese include extending the
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in the late 1960s. For many years, this single clone (H6V9) imported from the
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have been experimenting with plantings with 124 hectares (310 acres) in 2008.
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period from 7–12 days to 3–4 weeks to give the must more time to leach vital
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3133:
1985:
1964:
1956:
1881:
1735:
1382:
1370:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1190:
970:
754:
725:
679:
436:
1961:
953:
out of the grape skins. Transferring the wine during fermentation into new
1294:
Sangiovese can be made in a variety of styles, including the dessert wine
1248:
isolated certain plantings of Sangiovese vines in order to produce a 100%
362:
Early theories on the origin of Sangiovese dated the grape to the time of
3482:
3477:
3467:
3360:
3340:
3307:
3272:
3202:
3118:
3081:
2993:
2988:
2973:
1977:
1919:
1802:
1763:
1723:
1648:
1542:
1490:
1358:
1249:
1224:
1209:
1161:
1034:
990:
931:
911:
855:
714:
675:
515:
510:) has its origins in southern Italy, where it probably originated in the
459:
432:
411:
292:
253:
249:
245:
236:, where it is sometimes blended for the production of notable wines like
17:
1651:
versions of the grape. A small amount of the grape can also be found in
391:. According to legend, the name was coined by monks from the commune of
3935:
3741:
3492:
3345:
3320:
3247:
3096:
2983:
2902:
1898:
1594:
1441:
1369:
and Marche. The grape seems to produce the highest quality wine in the
1366:
1362:
1346:
1313:
1238:
1229:
1115:
974:
927:
882:
863:
859:
836:
812:
758:
749:
Sangiovese has shown itself to be adaptable to many different types of
423:
406:
The first documented mention of Sangiovese was in the 1590 writings of
367:
327:
257:
228:
Sangiovese is also cultivated in other parts of central Italy, such as
198:
186:
1836:
Wines made from Sangiovese tend to exhibit the grape's naturally high
1290:
205:
used in iconic Italian wines from Tuscany such as bold and age-worthy
3900:
3863:
3487:
3375:
3370:
2301:
1981:
1939:
1877:
1865:
1204:
1165:
1145:
1133:
1062:
1054:
1038:
534:
233:
229:
1710:
Sangiovese is becoming increasingly popular as a red wine grape in
1703:
reported 25 hectares (62 acres) of Sangiovese in 2007. The growing
1561:
A California Sangiovese from Amador County in the Sierra Foothills.
3400:
3355:
3325:
2978:
2692:
1951:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1885:
1861:
1827:
1715:
1692:
1662:
1586:
1556:
1483:
1289:
1189:
1008:
1000:
893:
761:
732:
724:
477:
341:
323:
122:
60:
1233:
based differences also emerge among the various sub-zones of the
2952:
2908:
1374:
1220:
939:
875:
765:
366:. It was even postulated that the grape was first cultivated in
351:
178:
3688:
2925:
2906:
2201:
2186:
1873:
1667:
A "Super Tuscan-style" Sangiovese blend from Washington State.
1219:
notes, while more modern, Bordeaux-influenced wines have more
275:
Sangiovese was already well known by the 16th century. Recent
3684:
2168:
2153:
1812:
with 63 hectares (160 acres) reported in 2008, mostly in the
1569:, one of the first commercial plantings of Sangiovese was at
659:
region where they are today being propagated under the names
2177:
2119:
2116:
2104:
2101:
2066:
2060:
2051:
450:
when made as a wine by itself. In 1883, the Italian writer
2174:
2113:
2098:
2048:
753:
but seems to thrive in soils with a high concentration of
466:
and blending the grape with non-Italian varietals such as
2042:
2331:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
630:
research into Sangiovese begun in 1906 with the work of
380:
vines. The literal translation of the grape's name, the
2921:
2875:
2873:
1069:
was next with 6,928 acres (2,804 ha), followed by
354:", led to theories that the grape's origins dated from
1354:
high quality (most notably the clones R24 & T19).
989:
of wine. Some traditional producers still use the old
866:("brown") prematurely due to a lower concentration of
776:
region, there is a high proportion of limestone-based
729:
Sangiovese grapes in the Montalcino region of Tuscany.
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2213:
2204:
2189:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2131:
2075:
2063:
2045:
2039:
2036:
1671:
Italian immigrants introduced the Sangiovese vine to
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2198:
2183:
2057:
1707:
industry has also recently begun planting the vine.
1093:
In Italy, Sangiovese is the most widely planted red
815:
this can result in the grapes having high levels of
3893:
3877:
3849:
3801:
3783:
3750:
3722:
3589:
3551:
3446:
3423:
3306:
3193:
3181:
3074:
3002:
2959:
2883:, pp. 176-180, University of California Press 2006
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2195:
2180:
2122:
2107:
2054:
1984:in Sicily), Dolcetto Precoce, Guarnacciola (in the
1349:region of Emilia-Romagna, the same grape is called
146:
138:
128:
118:
106:
94:
86:
53:
2777:Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide
2588:, pp. 6-9, Second Revised Edition (2012), London,
1013:A glass of Chianti made primarily from Sangiovese.
1270:, which was aged for over a decade in large wood
295:, the toe of Italy. At least fourteen Sangiovese
2443:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
1488:Sangiovese grapes ripening during the period of
1227:fruit with vanilla oak and spice. Stylistic and
1125:Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita
1097:. It is an officially recommended variety in 53
795:The grape requires a long growing season, as it
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
1452:, producers in the northeastern wine region of
307:families has gained little evidential support.
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
1244:In the mid-19th century, a local farmer named
490:In 2004, DNA profiling done by researchers at
439:the most widely planted grapes in the region.
3700:
2937:
2779:, p. 74, University of California Press 2007
1876:. In their youth, Tuscan Sangiovese can have
977:and other oak compounds from the barrel. For
8:
2586:Wine and Spirits: Understanding Wine Quality
2564:J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz,
2507:
2505:
1820:regions. About 10 wineries make Sangiovese
172:
3707:
3693:
3685:
3190:
2944:
2930:
2922:
2903:
1950:reds and pair with heavier dishes such as
1506:in the late 19th century, possibly at the
1114:and the primary component of the wines of
494:revealed the grape to be the product of a
426:. While there is no conclusive proof that
272:made with 100% Sangiovese from old vines.
75:
50:
1808:A small amount of Sangiovese is grown in
1502:Italian immigrants brought Sangiovese to
283:suggests that Sangiovese's ancestors are
281:Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige
1680:region with other isolated plantings in
1266:—released the first "modern version" of
3885:Clarification and stabilization of wine
2829:
2827:
2689:"Vitis International Variety Catalogue"
2682:
2680:
2253:
2024:
1726:expanded their Kalimna vineyard in the
1073:with 1,700 hectares (4,200 acres), the
590:, that was once grown on the island of
2385:. Mitchell Beazley. pp. 150–152.
1624:with 45 acres planted in Arizona, and
2733:M. Ewing-Mulligan & E. McCarthy,
2235:
1208:outside DOC regulations to make 100%
969:and contributes to a softer, rounder
839:conditions and often requires little
346:The translation of Sangiovese's name
171:that derives its name from the Latin
7:
2584:Wine & Spirits Education Trust,
2487:. jancisrobinson.com. Archived from
1439:, where it is used for both red and
1429:and is a permitted grape in several
1256:—a veteran soldier who fought under
1203:and jammy red wines from Sicily and
1142:Denominazione di Origine Controllata
314:as other red wine varieties such as
2758:, pp. 423, Simon and Schuster 1989
2666:, pp. 209-216, Harcourt Books 2001
2485:"Italian grape mysteries unraveled"
1144:(DOC) wines of Montefalco Rosso in
835:, the grape has good resistance to
780:soils alternating with deposits of
514:region before moving its way up to
213:, to vibrant and fruity wines like
2854:Platter's South African Wines 2009
1194:A glass of Brunello di Montalcino.
25:
2969:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1913:. One of the classic pairings in
1510:Family's "Chianti Station," near
1085:with 440 hectares (1,100 acres).
3948:
3656:
2856:. Newsome McDowall. p. 26.
2834:State Library of South Australia
2815:"ARIZONA VINEYARD SURVEY - 2013"
2468:Freedman, Brian (14 July 2022).
2143:
2094:
2032:
1892:Sangiovese based wines have the
1714:, having been introduced by the
1425:. Here it is often blended with
533:which is grown on the island of
2737:, p. 159-161 Hungry Minds 2001
2714:"Italian Wine Journeys:Chianti"
2568:, pp. 942-946, Allen Lane 2012
2132:-jee-oh-, -jee-ə-
2013:List of Italian grape varieties
1432:Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée
1104:Brunello, Morellino, Nielluccio
2359:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1720:University of California-Davis
1409:, while some producers in the
985:barrels that hold five to six
403:region of east-central Italy.
1:
3911:Glossary of viticulture terms
2716:. IntoWine.com. 26 March 2007
2687:Maul, E.; Eibach, R. (1999).
2334:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
252:where it can be used to make
111:
110:Brunello, Sangiovese Grosso (
3916:Glossary of winemaking terms
2440:The Oxford Companion to Wine
2237:[sandʒoˈveːze,-eːse]
1840:as well as moderate to high
1782:and the western edge of the
1401:Other Old World wine regions
1120:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
737:Sangiovese vineyards in the
573:Relationship with Ciliegiolo
452:Giovanni Cosimo Villifranchi
418:). Identifying the grape as
256:wines such as Sangiovese di
211:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
708:Vernaccia Nera del Valdarno
248:, and even as far south as
4007:
3836:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
2804:Accessed: January 4, 2009.
2756:Vintage: The Story of Wine
2267:Collins English Dictionary
993:barrels in their cellars.
508:Calabrese, or Nero d'Avola
279:by José Vouillamoz of the
43:
36:
29:
3944:
3926:History of the wine press
3816:Sparkling wine production
3650:
2919:
2735:Italian Wines for Dummies
2437:Robinson, J, ed. (2006).
2383:Vines, Grapes & Wines
1926:. Herb seasoning such as
1545:family, which once owned
1496:Amador County, California
1458:East Macedonia and Thrace
1387:Sangiovese di Romagna DOC
537:just north of Sicily and
303:(including Brunello) and
74:
58:
3981:Red wine grape varieties
3921:Wine tasting descriptors
3642:Wine tasting descriptors
3571:Phenolic content in wine
3463:Alternative wine closure
3047:Great French Wine Blight
2852:van Zyl, P, ed. (2009).
1643:where some producers in
1480:United States and Canada
1435:(AOC)s, most notable in
1377:rich hills south of the
921:and employing extensive
393:Santarcangelo di Romagna
260:and some of the modern "
238:Sagrantino di Montefalco
3811:Malolactic fermentation
2620:(2), pp. 97–104 (2008).
2308:Oxford University Press
1659:Other New World regions
1647:are experimenting with
1037:of Cabernet Sauvignon,
959:malolactic fermentation
688:Morellino del Casentino
616:Muscat family of grapes
408:Giovanvettorio Soderini
3991:Wine grapes of Tuscany
2664:Encyclopedia of Grapes
1911:food and wine pairings
1833:
1668:
1562:
1499:
1299:
1268:Brunello di Montalcino
1254:Ferruccio Biondi-Santi
1195:
1112:Brunello di Montalcino
1014:
1006:
926:Canaiolo, Ciliegiolo,
903:
862:, which are likely to
846:For the best quality,
746:
730:
692:Morellino del Valdarno
650:that was grown in the
588:Muscat Rouge de Madère
487:
410:(also known under the
359:
207:Brunello di Montalcino
173:
3612:Wine and food pairing
2304:UK English Dictionary
2003:International variety
1954:and thick soups like
1831:
1666:
1560:
1487:
1417:where it is known as
1351:Sangiovese di Romagna
1293:
1193:
1012:
1004:
897:
819:and harsh, unripened
799:early and is slow to
736:
728:
584:Portuguese wine grape
492:San Michele All'Adige
482:Sangiovese leaf from
481:
345:
215:Morellino di Scansano
3986:Wine grapes of Italy
3263:Muscat of Alexandria
2796:Appellation America
2381:Robinson, J (1986).
1784:Great Dividing Range
1547:Atlas Peak Vineyards
1160:and as far south as
648:Sangiovese di Lamole
622:Clones and offspring
553:from the commune of
545:from the commune of
504:Calabrese Montenuovo
486:in Washington State.
289:Calabrese Montenuovo
3841:Yeast in winemaking
3793:Carbonic maceration
1645:Niagara-on-the-Lake
1571:Red Willow Vineyard
829:Columbia Valley AVA
811:. However, in cool
484:Red Willow Vineyard
395:in what became the
87:Color of berry skin
3831:Traditional method
3632:Wine personalities
3336:Cabernet Sauvignon
2839:2007-08-07 at the
2612:2011-07-19 at the
2008:History of Chianti
1834:
1697:Chilean winemakers
1669:
1626:Texas Hill Country
1583:Naches Heights AVA
1563:
1500:
1397:) of wine a year.
1300:
1258:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1196:
1156:, Emilia-Romagna,
1140:in Marche and the
1015:
1007:
908:phenolic compounds
904:
747:
745:in the background.
731:
640:Sangiovese Piccolo
555:Motta San Giovanni
488:
468:Cabernet Sauvignon
397:province of Rimini
360:
320:Cabernet Sauvignon
305:Sangiovese piccolo
3968:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3732:Late harvest wine
3682:
3681:
3419:
3418:
3316:Alicante Bouschet
3064:Judgment of Paris
2889:978-0-520-24377-4
2863:978-0-9584506-7-6
2574:978-1-846-14446-2
2362:. Merriam-Webster
1744:Western Australia
1575:Yakima Valley AVA
1423:Republic of Genoa
1317:, semi-sparkling
700:Tuccanese di Turi
696:Nerello Mascalese
636:Sangiovese Grosso
301:Sangiovese grosso
197:, whose diverse
159:
158:
81:Sangiovese grapes
27:Wine making grape
16:(Redirected from
3998:
3953:
3952:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3686:
3661:
3660:
3576:Proteins in wine
3243:Grüner Veltliner
3191:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2904:
2892:
2881:Perfect Pairings
2877:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2843:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2794:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2684:
2675:
2660:
2621:
2602:
2596:
2582:
2576:
2562:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2434:
2397:
2396:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2310:. Archived from
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2258:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2142:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2093:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2029:
1894:potential to age
1653:British Columbia
1567:Washington State
1532:Sierra Foothills
1128:(DOCG) wines of
1108:Prugnolo Gentile
1005:Sangiovese wine.
833:Washington State
652:Greve in Chianti
644:Prugnolo Gentile
582:with an obscure
456:Bettino Ricasoli
384:, refers to the
364:Roman winemaking
350:, "the blood of
223:Chianti Classico
176:
79:
68:
63:
51:
46:Bonamico (grape)
21:
4006:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3955:Wine portal
3947:
3940:
3931:History of wine
3889:
3873:
3845:
3797:
3779:
3760:Deacidification
3746:
3718:
3713:
3683:
3678:
3663:Wine portal
3655:
3646:
3585:
3547:
3452:
3442:
3415:
3302:
3283:Sauvignon blanc
3218:Cayetana blanca
3186:
3184:grape varieties
3177:
3070:
2998:
2955:
2950:
2915:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2841:Wayback Machine
2832:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2791:
2774:
2770:
2753:
2749:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2661:
2624:
2614:Wayback Machine
2603:
2599:
2583:
2579:
2563:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2436:
2435:
2400:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2194:
2161:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2112:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:
1999:
1973:
1915:Italian cuisine
1907:
1826:
1772:New South Wales
1760:South Australia
1748:Langhorne Creek
1661:
1549:located in the
1524:San Luis Obispo
1482:
1403:
1288:
1286:Outside Tuscany
1188:
1091:
999:
892:
723:
628:ampelographical
624:
612:Jancis Robinson
608:Masters of Wine
604:José Vouillamoz
594:as well as the
579:genetic markers
575:
567:Vigna del Conte
551:Nerello Campotu
476:
382:"blood of Jove"
340:
130:Notable regions
82:
66:
59:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4004:
4002:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3821:Sugars in wine
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3770:Chaptalization
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Classification
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3581:Sugars in wine
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3553:Wine chemistry
3549:
3548:
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3535:
3530:
3528:Wine dispenser
3525:
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3333:
3331:Cabernet Franc
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3298:Welschriesling
3295:
3290:
3285:
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3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Müller-Thurgau
3250:
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3020:Ancient Greece
3017:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
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2917:
2916:
2907:
2900:
2899:External links
2897:
2894:
2893:
2879:E. Goldstein,
2869:
2862:
2844:
2823:
2806:
2789:
2768:
2747:
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2398:
2391:
2373:
2345:
2317:
2314:on 2020-03-22.
2284:
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2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1972:
1969:
1906:
1903:
1825:
1822:
1740:Margaret River
1728:Barossa Valley
1660:
1657:
1551:Atlas Peak AVA
1481:
1478:
1402:
1399:
1287:
1284:
1246:Clemente Santi
1235:Chianti region
1187:
1184:
1175:vino da tavola
1130:Torgiano Rosso
1090:
1087:
1051:Emilia-Romagna
998:
995:
979:aging the wine
963:polymerization
961:gives greater
891:
888:
768:soil known as
751:vineyard soils
722:
719:
657:Emilia-Romagna
632:Girolamo Molon
623:
620:
574:
571:
523:ampelographers
475:
472:
464:oak treatments
401:Emilia-Romagna
377:Vitis vinifera
339:
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242:Emilia-Romagna
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100:Vitis vinifera
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56:
55:
32:Albana (grape)
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3566:Acids in wine
3564:
3562:
3561:Aroma of wine
3559:
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3425:Major regions
3422:
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3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3394:
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3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Montepulciano
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
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3359:
3357:
3354:
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2801:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:0-520-24869-4
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2764:0-671-68702-6
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2744:
2743:0-7645-5355-0
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2695:on 2007-04-27
2694:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:0-15-100714-4
2669:
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2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:9781905819157
2591:
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2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2491:on 2011-07-13
2490:
2486:
2483:Robinson, J.
2479:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2454:0-19-860990-6
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2392:1-85732-999-6
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2273:
2272:HarperCollins
2269:
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2140:
2134:
2133:
2127:
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2018:
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2011:
2009:
2006:
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1924:roast chicken
1921:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1887:
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1879:
1875:
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1864:component of
1863:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1851:black currant
1848:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1823:
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1815:
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1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1528:Santa Barbara
1525:
1521:
1520:Sonoma county
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
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1486:
1479:
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1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:Montepulciano
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1292:
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1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:bitter cherry
1213:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1095:grape variety
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:where in the
1021:
1011:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
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948:
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834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
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793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
756:
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740:
735:
727:
720:
718:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
572:
570:
568:
564:
563:Mandatoriccio
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
480:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Cosimo Trinci
440:
438:
434:
429:
425:
421:
420:"Sangiogheto"
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
357:
353:
349:
348:sanguis Jovis
344:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:DNA profiling
273:
271:
267:
264:" wines like
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
202:
200:
196:
195:Montepulciano
192:
188:
182:
180:
175:
174:sanguis Jovis
170:
169:grape variety
167:
163:
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
78:
73:
69:
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3946:
3803:Fermentation
3654:
3637:Wine tasting
3395:
3258:Muscat blanc
3228:Chenin blanc
3025:Ancient Rome
2880:
2853:
2847:
2809:
2797:
2792:
2776:
2775:P. Gregutt,
2771:
2755:
2754:H. Johnson,
2750:
2734:
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2708:
2697:. Retrieved
2693:the original
2663:
2617:
2605:
2600:
2585:
2580:
2565:
2515:. Wine Pros.
2513:"Sangiovese"
2493:. Retrieved
2489:the original
2478:
2463:
2439:
2382:
2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2357:
2354:"Sangiovese"
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2329:
2326:"Sangiovese"
2320:
2312:the original
2300:
2297:"Sangiovese"
2292:"Sangiovese"
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2265:
2262:"Sangiovese"
2256:
2027:
1974:
1955:
1908:
1891:
1855:
1847:black cherry
1835:
1814:Stellenbosch
1810:South Africa
1807:
1799:North Island
1792:
1756:Port Lincoln
1732:
1709:
1705:Mexican wine
1690:
1678:Mendoza wine
1670:
1634:
1602:Rogue Valley
1599:
1591:red currants
1564:
1536:
1501:
1489:
1447:
1440:
1430:
1427:Sciaccarello
1418:
1404:
1391:U.S. gallons
1356:
1350:
1344:
1340:Nero d'Avola
1325:dessert wine
1318:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1276:
1267:
1263:Risorgimento
1261:
1243:
1228:
1214:
1197:
1173:
1170:
1158:Valpolicella
1150:Rosso Piceno
1141:
1123:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1047:
1016:
997:Wine regions
982:
944:
919:fermentation
915:anthocyanins
905:
899:
880:
872:anthocyanins
845:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
769:
748:
743:Monte Amiata
712:
704:Susumaniello
672:Foglia Tonda
669:
664:
660:
647:
643:
639:
635:
625:
576:
566:
558:
550:
542:
538:
531:Corinto nero
530:
520:
489:
441:
427:
419:
415:
405:
381:
375:
361:
347:
309:
304:
300:
274:
262:Super Tuscan
227:
203:
183:
177:, "blood of
166:Italian wine
161:
160:
98:
65:
3906:Wine bottle
3878:Other steps
3869:Wine cellar
3826:Süssreserve
3518:Wine cellar
3508:Wine bottle
3449:accessories
3447:Packaging,
3406:Tempranillo
3035:Noah's wine
3015:Phoenicians
2961:Viticulture
2662:Oz Clarke,
1795:New Zealand
1752:Strathalbyn
1691:Across the
1622:Sonoita AVA
1579:Walla Walla
1516:Napa Valley
1512:Geyserville
1474:Switzerland
1282:compounds.
1260:during the
1201:full bodied
1132:Riserva in
987:hectoliters
955:oak barrels
739:Val d'Orcia
721:Viticulture
684:Mantonicone
600:Lisboa wine
428:Sangiogheto
356:Roman times
270:Bibi Graetz
107:Also called
3975:Categories
3785:Maceration
3775:Wine press
3765:Destemming
3716:Winemaking
3622:Wine fraud
3617:Wine fault
3602:Oenophilia
3538:Wine label
3533:Wine glass
3498:Port tongs
3396:Sangiovese
3391:Pinot noir
3351:Douce noir
3278:Rkatsiteli
3223:Chardonnay
3213:Catarratto
3187:by acreage
3161:Biodynamic
3124:Aromatized
2913:winemaking
2800:Sangiovese
2720:2009-11-06
2699:2007-06-16
2495:2007-04-03
2248:References
2225:, -
1780:Queensland
1776:Stanthorpe
1614:Monticello
1606:Umpqua AVA
1504:California
1437:Patrimonio
1419:Nielluccio
1379:Via Emilia
1180:Carmignano
1077:region in
1043:Pinot noir
1028:California
947:maceration
900:(pictured)
890:Winemaking
841:irrigation
774:Montalcino
559:Puttanella
500:Ciliegiolo
416:Ciriegiulo
374:from wild
316:Pinot noir
285:Ciliegiolo
266:Tignanello
219:Carmignano
191:Montalcino
162:Sangiovese
54:Sangiovese
39:Nielluccio
3737:Noble rot
3627:Winemaker
3607:Sommelier
3543:Wine rack
3523:Wine cork
3513:Wine cave
3503:Screw cap
3473:Corkscrew
3438:New World
3433:Old World
3411:Zinfandel
3386:Mourvèdre
3293:Trebbiano
3233:Colombard
3134:Noble rot
3114:Fortified
3092:Sparkling
3059:New World
2472:. Forbes.
2294:(US) and
1986:Benevento
1965:bean soup
1957:ribollita
1905:With food
1882:Zinfandel
1742:areas of
1736:Karridale
1712:Australia
1673:Argentina
1539:vineyards
1411:Languedoc
1393:(130,000
1383:Apennines
1381:near the
1371:sandstone
1332:Primitivo
1328:Vin Santo
1320:frizzante
1296:Vin Santo
1154:Lombardia
1099:provinces
1083:Australia
1067:Argentina
1065:regions.
1049:Tuscany,
1035:varietals
1020:Argentina
971:mouthfeel
910:known as
772:. In the
755:limestone
680:Gaglioppo
539:Tuccanese
527:mutations
474:Parentage
442:In 1738,
437:Trebbiano
386:Roman god
372:Etruscans
330:and high
164:is a red
142:Rot-prone
18:Morellino
3752:Pressing
3674:Glossary
3590:Industry
3483:Jug wine
3478:Decanter
3468:Box wine
3366:Isabella
3361:Grenache
3341:Carignan
3288:Sémillon
3273:Riesling
3268:Palomino
3011:Ancient
2994:Vineyard
2989:Veraison
2974:Oenology
2837:Archived
2610:Archived
2233:Italian:
1997:See also
1978:Grosseto
1971:Synonyms
1920:meatloaf
1899:vintages
1803:Auckland
1788:Victoria
1764:Canberra
1724:Penfolds
1686:San Juan
1682:La Rioja
1649:ice wine
1618:Virginia
1543:Antinori
1530:and the
1508:Seghesio
1491:veraison
1323:and the
1250:varietal
1225:mulberry
1210:varietal
1162:Campania
991:chestnut
936:Bordeaux
932:Colorino
912:acylated
813:vintages
805:Harvests
790:galestro
786:alberese
782:galestro
778:alberese
770:galestro
715:Aleatico
676:Frappato
516:Campania
512:Calabria
498:between
496:crossing
460:Canaiolo
433:Malvasia
412:pen name
312:aromatic
293:Calabria
254:varietal
250:Calabria
246:Lombardy
199:terroirs
3936:Terroir
3894:Related
3742:Vintage
3724:Harvest
3669:Outline
3493:Muselet
3455:storage
3346:Cinsaut
3321:Barbera
3248:Macabeo
3208:Aligoté
3166:Organic
3156:Natural
3109:Dessert
3054:Georgia
3004:History
2984:Terroir
2979:Species
2445:606–607
2366:May 29,
2338:May 29,
2277:May 29,
1991:Algeria
1870:violets
1838:acidity
1818:Darling
1801:around
1695:range,
1641:Ontario
1595:tobacco
1573:in the
1415:Corsica
1367:Bologna
1363:Ravenna
1347:Romagna
1345:In the
1314:passito
1272:barrels
1239:Maremma
1230:terroir
1186:Tuscany
1116:Chianti
1075:Corsica
1071:Romania
1059:Abruzzo
1024:Mendoza
975:vanilla
967:tannins
965:of the
951:phenols
928:Mammolo
883:foliage
868:tannins
864:oxidize
860:alcohol
837:drought
821:tannins
817:acidity
759:friable
592:Madeira
547:Savelli
543:Nerello
424:vinegar
399:in the
389:Jupiter
370:by the
368:Tuscany
338:History
332:acidity
328:tannins
258:Romagna
187:Chianti
179:Jupiter
139:Hazards
134:Tuscany
95:Species
3901:Winery
3864:Solera
3488:Kvevri
3376:Merlot
3371:Malbec
3171:Kosher
3147:Other
3102:Orange
3075:Styles
3042:France
2887:
2860:
2783:
2762:
2741:
2670:
2592:
2572:
2451:
2389:
2302:Lexico
1982:Lipari
1962:puréed
1948:bodied
1940:Merlot
1884:-like
1878:tomato
1866:cherry
1858:bitter
1842:tannin
1701:Brazil
1637:Canada
1620:, the
1612:, the
1610:Oregon
1593:, and
1470:Turkey
1462:Israel
1450:Greece
1407:France
1305:rosato
1205:Apulia
1166:Sicily
1146:Umbria
1138:Conero
1134:Umbria
1079:France
1063:Marche
1055:Sicily
1039:Merlot
1032:French
852:pounds
848:yields
706:, and
626:Early
535:Lipari
448:acidic
322:, and
297:clones
234:Marche
230:Umbria
193:, and
150:number
119:Origin
90:Purple
3851:Aging
3401:Syrah
3356:Gamay
3326:Bobal
3238:Glera
3203:Airén
3195:White
3151:Table
3139:Straw
3129:Fruit
3087:White
3030:China
2909:Wines
2818:(PDF)
2227:VEESS
2221:-joh-
2141:also
2092:also
2079:-joh-
2019:Notes
1952:steak
1944:Syrah
1932:thyme
1928:basil
1886:spice
1862:sweet
1824:Wines
1768:Young
1716:CSIRO
1693:Andes
1630:Texas
1587:anise
1466:Malta
1454:Drama
1359:Forlì
1310:sweet
1280:aroma
1089:Italy
983:botti
876:grams
854:(1.5
801:ripen
762:shale
610:like
596:Douro
561:from
324:Syrah
154:10680
123:Italy
67:Vitis
61:Grape
3453:and
3182:Top
3097:Rosé
2953:Wine
2911:and
2885:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2781:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2739:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2590:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2449:ISBN
2387:ISBN
2368:2019
2340:2019
2279:2019
2223:VEEZ
2219:SAHN
2215:SAHN
2083:-zee
1960:and
1936:sage
1934:and
1922:and
1872:and
1816:and
1766:and
1754:and
1738:and
1684:and
1604:and
1472:and
1442:rosé
1375:clay
1373:and
1361:and
1338:and
1223:and
1221:plum
1164:and
1148:and
1106:and
1061:and
1041:and
957:for
940:DOCG
870:and
809:body
797:buds
792:do.
788:and
766:clay
663:and
646:and
638:and
606:and
598:and
565:and
502:and
435:and
352:Jove
287:and
232:and
221:and
209:and
181:".
148:VIVC
112:more
3859:Oak
3308:Red
3119:Ice
3082:Red
2217:-,
2111:-,-
2081:VAY
2077:SAN
1942:or
1874:tea
1793:In
1786:in
1778:in
1770:in
1758:in
1635:In
1628:in
1616:in
1608:in
1565:In
1494:in
1456:in
1448:In
1405:In
1308:to
923:oak
831:of
825:rot
665:T19
661:R24
414:of
3977::
2872:^
2826:^
2679:^
2625:^
2618:47
2521:^
2504:^
2447:.
2401:^
2356:.
2328:.
2306:.
2299:.
2270:.
2264:.
2231:,
2202:iː
2193:,-
2187:iː
2178:oʊ
2175:dʒ
2169:ɑː
2160:-,
2154:ɑː
2139:US
2135:,
2126:-/
2114:dʒ
2105:oʊ
2099:dʒ
2096:/-
2090:UK
2086:,
2061:eɪ
2052:oʊ
2049:dʒ
1967:.
1930:,
1868:,
1849:,
1805:.
1790:.
1774:;
1762:;
1750:,
1746:;
1688:.
1655:.
1632:.
1589:,
1581:,
1526:,
1522:,
1518:,
1476:.
1468:,
1464:,
1395:hl
1342:.
1334:,
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1136:,
1118:,
1057:,
1053:,
1045:.
930:,
878:.
856:kg
843:.
741:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
667:.
586:,
569:.
557:,
549:,
334:.
318:,
244:,
225:.
217:,
189:,
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3701:t
3694:v
3451:,
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2938:t
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2891:.
2866:.
2820:.
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2787:.
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2674:.
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2370:.
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2240:.
2208:/
2205:s
2199:v
2196:ˈ
2190:z
2184:v
2181:ˈ
2172:n
2166:s
2163:ˌ
2157:n
2151:s
2148:ˌ
2145:/
2123:ˈ
2120:ə
2117:i
2108:ˈ
2102:i
2070:/
2067:i
2064:z
2058:v
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2046:n
2043:æ
2040:s
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2034:/
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902:.
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70:)
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