570:
57:
586:
559:
2284:
2411:
2178:
2327:
658:
10 Muharram (Ashura): The Battle of
Karbala was fought on this day in 680. Husayn and most of his male relatives and his small retinue were slaughtered by the Umayyad army by the end of the day. After the battle, the women and children in Husayn's camp were taken prisoner and marched to the Umayyad
569:
499:, and also other pious acts and acceptable expressions of joy. In some Sunni communities, the annual Ashura festivities include carnivals, bonfires, and special dishes, even though some Sunni scholars have criticized such practices.
589:
Conversion of Hijri years 1343 to 1500 to the
Gregorian calendar, with first days of al-Muharram (brown), Ramadan (grey) and Shawwal (black) bolded, and Eid al-Adha dotted – in
2166:
2315:
655:) was set to attack after the afternoon prayer on Tasu'a but was persuaded to delay the confrontation until the following day. Husayn and his men spent the night in prayer.
240:
626:, Husayn and his small caravan were intercepted by the Umayyad army and eventually forced to camp in the desert lands of Karbala, away from water and fortifications.
555:). Mourners also hope to secure the intercession of Husayn in the afterlife. Ashura is observed annually through mourning gatherings, processions, and reenactments.
695:
2–10 Muharram: Most mourning rituals for
Karbala take place during the first ten days of Muharram, culminating on the tenth with processions in major Shia cities.
1728:
Pinault, D. (2000). "Zaynab bin 'Ali and the Place of the Women of the
Households of the First Imāms in Shī'īte Devotional Literature". In Hambly, G. (ed.).
1783:(2019). "Orations of Zaynab and Umm Kulthūm in the aftermath of Ḥusayn's Martyrdom at Karbala: Speaking Truth to Power". In Korangy, A.; Rouhi, L. (eds.).
2159:
2144:
2308:
2539:
2434:
2293:
2056:
495:
was released from prison, among various auspicious events on Ashura in Sunni tradition. Ashura is celebrated in Sunni Islam through supererogatory
2590:
356:). The Shia rituals span the first ten days of Muharram, culminating on Ashura with mourning processions in Shia cities. Also in Muharram, the
2600:
2152:
597:
The
Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the lunar year (of twelve
2605:
2301:
233:
1376:
1860:
2001:
1968:
1935:
1837:
1804:
1770:
1737:
1698:
1619:
1595:
1533:
1424:
1405:
1340:
1318:
56:
511:
324:
226:
2026:
1642:
1460:
2620:
547:). Among the Shia, mourning for Husayn is viewed as an act of protest against oppression, and as such a struggle for God (
2595:
2182:
2049:
2375:
2331:
1522:
535:) and was subsequently killed, alongside most of his male relatives and his small retinue, by the Umayyad army in the
1718:
1398:
Religious
Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
2524:
2118:
518:
331:
199:
392:, with (at most) thirty days. Warfare in Muharram is forbidden and it has been so since before the advent of
2042:
689:
422:
calendar between Safar I, which was sacred, and Safar II, which was not. Over time, however, the adjective
2228:
468:
266:
2263:
2449:
2385:
1909:
1852:
590:
1392:
2615:
2489:
2479:
2454:
2238:
826:
447:
300:
39:
2610:
2534:
2504:
1708:
1567:
558:
280:. It is one of the four sacred months of the year when warfare is banned. It precedes the month of
1787:
The "Other" Martyrs: Women and the
Poetics of Sexuality, Sacrifice, and Death in World Literatures
2564:
2559:
2509:
1897:
1661:
1508:
727:
644:): Negotiations between Husayn and the Umayyads failed on this day in 680. The Umayyad commander
585:
2464:
1475:
1382:
2529:
2429:
2198:
2093:
2088:
2020:
1997:
1964:
1931:
1856:
1833:
1800:
1766:
1733:
1694:
1691:
Female
Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam
1638:
1631:
1615:
1591:
1529:
1420:
1401:
1336:
1314:
619:
536:
522:
514:
451:
443:
343:
335:
174:
169:
1333:
Redemptive
Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of Ashura in Twelver Shi'ism
2544:
2370:
2345:
2253:
2243:
2203:
2066:
1989:
1956:
1923:
1825:
1792:
1780:
1758:
1673:
1543:
1500:
1363:
1328:
1306:
821:
811:
739:
645:
540:
389:
277:
145:
90:
31:
1677:
2554:
2459:
2439:
2103:
2098:
1560:
731:
492:
257:
184:
179:
78:
1984:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1951:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1918:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
1753:. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.).
635:
river. Under the siege, Husayn's camp suffered from thirst and hunger in the coming days.
631:
7 Muharram: The
Umayyad army cut off Husayn's access to the drinking water of the nearby
1587:
Know Thy Enemy: Evolving Attitudes Towards "Others" in Modern Shiʿi Thought and Practice
1547:
2514:
746:
507:
472:
357:
320:
304:
35:
2034:
1980:
1947:
1914:
1749:
776:
17 Muharram: Arrival of the "people of the elephant" in Mecca, a reference to al-Fil (
315:
and other acceptable expressions of joy. By contrast, Ashura is a day of mourning for
2584:
2569:
2133:
1993:
1960:
1927:
1816:
1762:
1512:
1448:
1354:
1297:
816:
602:
488:
484:
214:
1829:
1367:
1310:
2469:
2390:
2193:
2128:
1607:
598:
334:. Husayn was killed, alongside most of his relatives and his small retinue, in the
209:
126:
1712:
1585:
2519:
2499:
2474:
2365:
2360:
2273:
2268:
2213:
1882:
461:
293:
761:, towards which early Muslims prayed. This was superseded later by the ancient
2350:
2223:
2113:
1488:
699:
544:
503:
476:
339:
316:
308:
194:
1435:
2444:
2400:
2283:
2248:
2177:
750:
716:
632:
361:
1820:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
1301:. In Fleet, K.; Krämer, G.; Matringe, D.; Nawas, J.; Stewart, D.J. (eds.).
641:
1504:
506:
Muslims, Ashura is a day of mourning as they commemorate the martyrdom of
2494:
2410:
2395:
2326:
720:
660:
563:
327:
1901:
1796:
2484:
2123:
1849:
Islam and Identity Politics Among British-Bangladeshis: A Leap of Faith
1665:
1653:
615:
525:
496:
464:
346:
312:
296:
204:
17:
1785:
2549:
2258:
2218:
2019:
735:
706:
703:
457:
437:
285:
116:
1417:
Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity Among the Daudi Bohras
2355:
2233:
2208:
2108:
2083:
1524:
The Birth of the Prophet Muḥammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam
795:
770:
766:
762:
756:
664:
568:
557:
550:
521:. Husayn refused on moral grounds to pledge his allegiance to the
419:
393:
289:
281:
189:
164:
131:
1730:
Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety
678:
623:
593:
hover over a spot to show its dates and a line to show the month
574:
480:
364:
was initially set as the direction of prayer for early Muslims.
2297:
2148:
2038:
745:
16 Muharram: On this day, the Islamic prophet Muhammad set the
711:
1489:"Jihad of words: Gender and contemporary Karbala Narratives"
108:
29–30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
1654:"An Attempt to Trace the Origin of the Rituals of 'Āshūrā'"
1461:"ASWJ rallies in many towns to observe Yaum-i-Umar Farooq"
709:
saint, died on this day in 1266. His death is celebrated (
605:. Muharram days are different in consecutive solar years.
1791:(First ed.). Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 103–132.
738:
staged one of the earliest anti-British uprisings in the
692:. Sunnis carry rallies on 1 Muharram to commemorate Umar.
1714:
The Life and Times of Shaikh Farid-u'd-din Ganj-i-Shakar
2455:
Anniversary of Installation of the Sultan of Terengganu
971:
969:
967:
428:
itself became the name of the first month of the year.
848:
846:
844:
842:
875:
873:
1548:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali i. Life and Significance in Shi'ism"
1143:
793:
754:
548:
423:
397:
271:
2418:
2338:
112:
104:
96:
86:
66:
49:
1979:
1946:
1913:
1874:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1815:
1784:
1748:
1630:
1521:
1391:
1353:
1296:
894:
892:
890:
888:
460:, an important day of commemoration in Islam. For
2505:Declaration of George Town as World Heritage Site
1107:
910:
688:) by injuries from the attack of Persian slave
319:Muslims, who annually commemorate the death of
2470:Declaration of Malacca City as Historical City
1559:Islam, Emad Ullah Shahidul (19 October 2016).
1278:
2309:
2160:
2050:
726:8 Muharram: In what became known as the 1782
234:
30:This article is about the first month of the
8:
601:) is eleven or twelve days shorter than the
70:
777:
403:
373:
2316:
2302:
2294:
2167:
2153:
2145:
2057:
2043:
2035:
1476:"The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia"
1071:
241:
227:
141:
2435:Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sembilan's Birthday
1352:Bahramian, A.; Bulookbashi, A.A. (2015).
1095:
614:2 Muharram: Arrival of Husayn ibn Ali in
1381:(in Urdu) (2nd ed.). Archived from
975:
958:
852:
584:
1633:Islam and Revolution in the Middle East
1449:"Ḥosayn b. 'Ali ii. In Popular Shi'ism"
1358:. In Madelung, W.; Daftary, F. (eds.).
1167:
1119:
1059:
1047:
838:
288:, an important day of commemoration in
151:
144:
1375:Bakhsh, Khwaja Muhammad Tahir (2008).
1242:
1191:
1155:
1131:
1035:
1011:
946:
864:
773:, the central religious text in Islam.
769:in connection with verse 2:144 of the
418:), which distinguishes in the ancient
46:
1978:Wensinck, A.J.; Marçais, Ph. (2012).
1266:
1230:
1218:
1179:
1023:
999:
987:
622:, in 680. On their way to the nearby
7:
1872:Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992).
1554:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 493–498.
1455:. Vol. XII/5. pp. 498–502.
1442:. Vol. III/2. pp. 174–177.
1254:
1203:
1083:
934:
922:
898:
879:
311:, celebrated through supererogatory
284:. The tenth of Muharram is known as
2525:Hol Day of Sultan Iskandar of Johor
1945:Wensinck, A.J.; Jomier, J. (2012).
715:) for six days during Muharram, in
261:
71:
27:First month of the Islamic calendar
1915:"(al-)Ḥusayn b. 'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib"
34:. For the annual commemoration of
25:
2540:Sarawak State Governor's Birthday
2535:Malacca State Governor's Birthday
1883:"The Image of Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī in
2510:Penang State Governor's Birthday
2409:
2325:
2282:
2176:
1994:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0068
1961:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0401
1928:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0304
1763:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5426
1565:[Another Martyrs' Day].
1144:Bahramian & Bulookbashi 2015
573:Muharram mourning procession in
55:
2530:Sabah State Governor's Birthday
2480:Sultan of Terengganu's Birthday
1830:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23081
1493:The Yearbook of English Studies
1419:. University of Chicago Press.
1368:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0009
1311:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23855
683:
562:Muharram mourning gathering in
530:
402:is short for "Muharram Safar" (
351:
61:Ashura procession in Iran, 2016
2591:Months of the Islamic calendar
2027:New International Encyclopedia
1612:An Introduction to Shi'i Islam
1396:. In Gordon Melton, J. (ed.).
456:Tenth of Muharram is known as
1:
2565:Sultan of Selangor's Birthday
2560:Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday
1362:. Translated by Negahban, F.
2601:Public holidays in Indonesia
2183:Public holidays in Indonesia
1400:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 47–49.
677:1 Muharram: Death of Caliph
650:
388:) is the first month of the
276:) is the first month of the
2606:Public holidays in Malaysia
2545:Sultan of Pahang's Birthday
2332:Public holidays in Malaysia
911:Wensinck & Marçais 2012
794:
755:
549:
424:
398:
272:
2637:
2555:Sultan of Perak's Birthday
2460:Sultan of Johor's Birthday
2440:Sultan of Kedah's Birthday
1847:Riaz, Ali (23 July 2013).
1279:Wensinck & Jomier 2012
441:
435:
29:
2515:Raja of Perlis's Birthday
2407:
2280:
2189:
2074:
1719:Aligarh Muslim University
1717:. Department of History,
1637:. Yale University Press.
1614:. Yale University Press.
475:and the salvation of the
307:and the salvation of the
122:
54:
1561:
342:against the army of the
1894:Quaderni di Studi Arabi
1682:Encyclopedia Britannica
1474:Gent, R.H. van (n.d.).
1390:Beverley, J.A. (2011).
800:(chapter) in the Quran.
2259:The Prophet's Birthday
1986:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1953:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1920:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1822:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1755:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1480:webspace.science.uu.nl
1360:Encyclopaedia Islamica
1303:Encyclopaedia of Islam
594:
577:
566:
469:parting of the Red Sea
301:parting of the Red Sea
2490:Day of Nuzul Al-Quran
2450:Federal Territory Day
1853:Manchester University
1747:Plessner, M. (2012).
1584:Litvak, Meir (2021).
1552:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1505:10.1353/yes.2009.0016
1453:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1440:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1295:Aghaie, K.S. (2013).
588:
572:
561:
483:disembarked from the
2621:Crossing the Red Sea
2485:First Day of Ramadan
1881:Sindawi, K. (2002).
1817:"'Āshūrā' (Sunnism)"
1709:Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad
1447:Calmard, J. (2004).
1434:Calmard, J. (1987).
1298:"'Āshūrā' (Shī'ism)"
1108:Veccia Vaglieri 2012
827:Mourning of Muharram
672:Other Islamic events
479:. Also on this day,
448:Mourning of Muharram
299:, the day marks the
40:Mourning of Muharram
2596:Islamic terminology
2396:Muhammad's Birthday
1988:(Second ed.).
1955:(Second ed.).
1922:(Second ed.).
1910:Veccia Vaglieri, L.
1814:Reid, M.H. (2011).
1797:10.2307/j.ctvrnfq6q
1757:(Second ed.).
1658:Die Welt des Islams
1652:Nakash, Y. (1993).
1629:Munson, H. (1988).
1568:Bangladesh Pratidin
1520:Katz, M.H. (2007).
1487:Hamdar, A. (2009).
1355:"Al-'Abbās b. 'Alī"
1002:, pp. 142–143.
937:, pp. 115–116.
740:Indian subcontinent
467:, Ashura marks the
2422:(differ by states)
1824:(Third ed.).
1689:Osman, R. (2014).
1676:(24 August 2024).
1467:. 27 October 2014.
1415:Blank, J. (2001).
1385:on 7 October 2011.
1305:(Third ed.).
728:Muharram Rebellion
595:
578:
567:
526:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
510:, grandson of the
347:Yazid ibn Mu'awiya
323:, grandson of the
2578:
2577:
2339:National holidays
2291:
2290:
2142:
2141:
1896:. 20/21: 79–104.
1182:, pp. 30–31.
1134:, pp. 85–86.
990:, pp. 28–31.
690:Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz
609:Battle of Karbala
537:Battle of Karbala
502:By contrast, for
452:Ashura in Algeria
444:Battle of Karbala
336:Battle of Karbala
270:
251:
250:
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
2628:
2423:
2413:
2386:Agong's Birthday
2371:Islamic New Year
2346:Chinese New Year
2330:
2329:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2264:Isra' and Mi'raj
2254:Islamic New Year
2244:Independence Day
2204:Chinese New Year
2181:
2180:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2067:Islamic calendar
2059:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2031:
2023:
2021:"Muharram"
2007:
1983:
1974:
1950:
1941:
1917:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1866:
1843:
1819:
1810:
1790:
1776:
1752:
1743:
1722:
1704:
1685:
1669:
1648:
1636:
1625:
1601:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1555:
1539:
1527:
1516:
1483:
1468:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1411:
1395:
1386:
1378:Jalwa Gah-e-Dost
1371:
1357:
1346:
1324:
1300:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
883:
877:
868:
862:
856:
850:
812:Islamic Calendar
799:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
760:
687:
685:
654:
652:
554:
534:
532:
427:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
401:
390:Islamic calendar
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
355:
353:
278:Islamic calendar
275:
265:
263:
243:
236:
229:
146:Islamic calendar
142:
113:Significant days
91:Islamic calendar
82:
74:
73:
59:
47:
32:Islamic calendar
21:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2465:Isra and Mi'raj
2421:
2420:
2414:
2405:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2292:
2287:
2278:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2143:
2138:
2070:
2063:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1977:
1971:
1944:
1938:
1908:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1863:
1846:
1840:
1813:
1807:
1779:
1773:
1746:
1740:
1727:
1707:
1701:
1688:
1672:
1651:
1645:
1628:
1622:
1606:
1598:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1558:
1542:
1536:
1519:
1499:(1–2): 84–100.
1486:
1473:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1427:
1414:
1408:
1389:
1374:
1351:
1343:
1327:
1321:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1072:Seidelmann 1992
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
929:
921:
917:
909:
905:
897:
886:
878:
871:
863:
859:
851:
840:
836:
831:
807:
789:
786:
783:
780:
732:Bengali Muslims
682:
674:
649:
611:
583:
529:
512:Islamic prophet
454:
440:
434:
415:
412:
409:
406:
385:
382:
379:
376:
370:
350:
325:Islamic prophet
247:
185:Jumada al-Thani
180:Jumada al-Awwal
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76:
62:
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28:
23:
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15:
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2430:New Year's Day
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2419:State holidays
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2241:
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2216:
2211:
2209:Day of Silence
2206:
2201:
2199:New Year's Day
2196:
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2174:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2140:
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2101:
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2065:Months of the
2064:
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2054:
2047:
2039:
2033:
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2014:
2013:External links
2011:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1975:
1969:
1942:
1936:
1906:
1878:
1868:
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1862:978-0719089558
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1562:আরেক শহীদ দিবস
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1335:. De Gruyter.
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1247:
1235:
1233:, p. 240.
1223:
1221:, p. 133.
1211:
1196:
1194:, p. 132.
1184:
1172:
1160:
1158:, pp. 23.
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1098:, p. 106.
1096:Qutbuddin 2019
1088:
1076:
1074:, p. 577.
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1014:, p. 165.
1004:
992:
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951:
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915:
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882:, p. 149.
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730:, on this day
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686: 634–644
673:
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656:
637:
636:
628:
627:
610:
607:
582:
579:
533: 680–683
523:Umayyad caliph
517:and the third
508:Husayn ibn Ali
487:, God forgave
436:Main article:
433:
430:
369:
366:
354: 680–683
344:Umayyad caliph
330:and the third
321:Husayn ibn Ali
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36:Husayn ibn Ali
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2239:Pancasila Day
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2229:Ascension Day
2227:
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2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
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2200:
2197:
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2194:Joint holiday
2192:
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2179:
2170:
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2163:
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2134:Dhu al-Hijjah
2132:
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2017:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2003:9789004161214
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
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1972:
1970:9789004161214
1966:
1962:
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1939:
1937:9789004161214
1933:
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1839:9789004203532
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1806:9783447198790
1802:
1798:
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1781:Qutbuddin, T.
1778:
1774:
1772:9789004161214
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1750:"al-Muḥarram"
1745:
1741:
1739:9780333800355
1735:
1732:. Macmillan.
1731:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1700:9781315770147
1696:
1693:. Routledge.
1692:
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1535:9780203962145
1531:
1528:. Routledge.
1526:
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1426:9780226056760
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1407:9781598842050
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1342:9789027979438
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1320:9789004252684
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1197:
1193:
1188:
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1176:
1173:
1170:, p. 91.
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:, p. 71.
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
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1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:, p. 24.
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:, p. 84.
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
989:
984:
981:
977:
976:Madelung 2004
972:
970:
968:
964:
961:, p. 48.
960:
959:Beverley 2011
955:
952:
948:
943:
940:
936:
931:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
895:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
858:
854:
853:Plessner 2012
849:
847:
845:
843:
839:
833:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
804:
798:
797:
775:
772:
768:
765:sanctuary in
764:
759:
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748:
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646:Umar ibn Sa'd
643:
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634:
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629:
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621:
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613:
612:
608:
606:
604:
600:
592:
591:the SVG file,
587:
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560:
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539:on Ashura 61
538:
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215:Dhu al-Hijjah
213:
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155:
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134: →
133:
128:
125:←
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
80:
69:
65:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2391:Malaysia Day
2380:
2129:Dhu al-Qadah
2078:
2025:
1985:
1981:"'Ās̲h̲ūrā'"
1952:
1919:
1893:
1884:
1873:
1848:
1821:
1786:
1754:
1729:
1713:
1690:
1681:
1674:Newman, A.J.
1657:
1632:
1611:
1586:
1573:. Retrieved
1571:(in Bengali)
1566:
1551:
1544:Madelung, W.
1523:
1496:
1492:
1479:
1464:
1452:
1439:
1416:
1397:
1383:the original
1377:
1359:
1332:
1302:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1245:, p. 1.
1238:
1226:
1214:
1204:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1168:Sindawi 2002
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1120:Pinault 2000
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1060:Calmard 2004
1055:
1048:Calmard 1987
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
954:
942:
930:
918:
906:
860:
787:the elephant
710:
698:5 Muharram:
640:9 Muharram (
599:lunar months
596:
501:
455:
413:sacred Safar
371:
253:
252:
210:Dhu al-Qadah
159:
127:Dhu al-Hijja
97:Month number
44:
2616:Husayniyyas
2520:Sarawak Day
2500:Gawai Dayak
2475:Good Friday
2376:Merdeka Day
2366:Eid al-Adha
2361:Eid al-Fitr
2274:Eid al-Adha
2269:Eid al-Fitr
2214:Good Friday
1887:Literature"
1660:: 161–181.
1329:Ayoub, M.M.
1243:Nizami 1955
1192:Litvak 2021
1156:Munson 1988
1132:Hamdar 2009
1036:Munson 1988
1012:Nakash 1993
947:Aghaie 2013
865:Newman 2024
396:. The word
273:al-Muḥarram
262:ٱلْمُحَرَّم
72:ٱلْمُحَرَّم
67:Native name
2611:Shia Islam
2585:Categories
2351:Labour Day
2224:Labour Day
1678:"'Āshūrā'"
1644:0300046049
1436:"'Azādārī"
1288:References
1267:Islam 2016
1231:Momen 1985
1219:Osman 2014
1180:Momen 1985
1024:Blank 2001
1000:Ayoub 1978
988:Momen 1985
749:mosque in
700:Baba Farid
653: 686
603:solar year
477:Israelites
442:See also:
372:Muharram (
360:mosque in
309:Israelites
2550:Deepavali
2445:Thaipusam
2401:Christmas
2356:Wesak Day
2249:Christmas
2104:Jumada II
1608:Momen, M.
1590:. Brill.
1513:158479476
1255:Riaz 2013
935:Katz 2007
923:Katz 2007
899:Reid 2011
880:Katz 2007
834:Footnotes
751:Jerusalem
717:Pakpattan
633:Euphrates
519:Shia imam
362:Jerusalem
332:Shia imam
267:romanized
2381:Muharram
2099:Jumada I
2094:Rabi' II
2079:Muharram
1912:(2012).
1902:25802958
1711:(1955).
1610:(1985).
1546:(2004).
1393:"Ashura"
1331:(1978).
1084:Gent n.d
805:See also
721:Pakistan
661:Damascus
659:capital
564:Tanzania
515:Muhammad
425:Muharram
399:Muharram
328:Muhammad
254:Muharram
160:Muharram
87:Calendar
50:Muharram
2124:Shawwal
2119:Ramadan
2114:Sha'ban
2089:Rabi' I
2030:. 1997.
1948:"Ka'ba"
1885:Maqātil
1666:1570949
781:
753:as the
704:Punjabi
616:Karbala
497:fasting
465:Muslims
407:
377:
368:Origins
338:in 680
313:fasting
297:Muslims
269::
205:Shawwal
200:Ramadan
195:Sha'ban
18:Muharam
2219:Easter
2000:
1967:
1934:
1900:
1859:
1836:
1803:
1769:
1736:
1697:
1664:
1641:
1618:
1594:
1532:
1511:
1423:
1404:
1339:
1317:
822:Tasu'a
817:Ashura
736:Sylhet
642:Tasu'a
581:Timing
493:Joseph
491:, and
458:Ashura
450:, and
438:Ashura
432:Ashura
383:sacred
292:. For
286:Ashura
258:Arabic
152:Months
117:Ashura
79:Arabic
75:
38:, see
2234:Vesak
2109:Rajab
2084:Safar
1898:JSTOR
1890:(PDF)
1662:JSTOR
1575:1 May
1509:S2CID
796:surah
792:), a
771:Quran
767:Mecca
763:Ka'ba
757:qibla
665:Syria
551:jihad
543:(680
473:Moses
462:Sunni
394:Islam
305:Moses
294:Sunni
290:Islam
282:Safar
190:Rajab
165:Safar
132:Safar
2069:(AH)
1998:ISBN
1965:ISBN
1932:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1577:2019
1530:ISBN
1465:Dawn
1421:ISBN
1402:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1207:2014
1205:Dawn
778:lit.
747:Aqsa
707:Sufi
702:, a
679:Umar
624:Kufa
620:Iraq
575:Iran
504:Shia
489:Adam
481:Noah
420:Arab
404:lit.
374:lit.
358:Aqsa
317:Shia
1990:doi
1957:doi
1924:doi
1826:doi
1793:doi
1759:doi
1501:doi
1364:doi
1307:doi
734:in
712:urs
663:in
485:Ark
471:by
303:by
2587::
2024:.
1996:.
1963:.
1930:.
1892:.
1855:.
1851:.
1832:.
1799:.
1765:.
1680:.
1656:.
1550:.
1507:.
1497:39
1495:.
1491:.
1478:.
1463:.
1451:.
1438:.
1313:.
966:^
887:^
872:^
841:^
719:,
684:r.
651:d.
618:,
545:CE
541:AH
531:r.
446:,
352:r.
340:CE
264:,
260::
2317:e
2310:t
2303:v
2168:e
2161:t
2154:v
2058:e
2051:t
2044:v
2006:.
1992::
1973:.
1959::
1940:.
1926::
1904:.
1876:.
1865:.
1842:.
1828::
1809:.
1795::
1775:.
1761::
1742:.
1721:.
1703:.
1684:.
1668:.
1647:.
1624:.
1600:.
1579:.
1538:.
1515:.
1503::
1482:.
1429:.
1410:.
1370:.
1366::
1345:.
1323:.
1309::
1281:.
1269:.
1257:.
1209:.
1146:.
1110:.
1086:.
1062:.
1050:.
978:.
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100:1
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20:)
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