1760:
92:
128:
991:, N'Djamena still falls into the semi-arid climate category. The wet season lasts from June to September, with the heaviest rain occurring in August. The dry season essentially covers the remaining eight months. Based on annual temperatures, N'Djamena is one of the hottest major cities on the planet. In only one month of the year (August) do average monthly high temperatures fail to cross the 32 °C (90 °F) mark. The city's highest temperatures are usually seen between March and May, just before the onset of the heavier rains.
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1972:
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1784:(French international school). Secondary school within Chad is mandatory, however only 68% of students over the age of 12 attend school. Of that 68%, 70% of these students attend school within N'Djamena. Many of the students in international schools are children of executives, diplomats, and non-governmental organization employees.
1767:
In N'Djamena, education can be thought of as a luxury even though it is compulsory and free and has been since Chad's independence in 1960. Not more than forty percent of elementary age children in Chad have an opportunity to attend classes and with N'Djamena's poor state stability it is even harder
836:
and international disapproval of Libyan intervention, the Libyan troops left the capital and Chad in 1981. This opened the door to Habré, who marched on N'Djamena, occupying the city with little resistance in 1982 and installing himself as the new president. He was eventually dislodged in a similar
844:
The city had only 9,976 inhabitants in 1937, but a decade later, in 1947, the population had almost doubled to 18,435. In 1968, after independence, the population reached 126,483. In 1993, it surpassed half a million with 529,555. A good deal of this growth has been due to refugees fleeing into
696:
as head of a government of national unity with his rival Habré as
Defense Minister. The intense rivalry between Goukouni and Habré caused the eruption of new clashes in the city in 1980; N'Djamena found itself divided into sectors controlled by the various warlords. The tug-of-war reached a
692:: while Malloum and the national army loyal to him were defeated, the intervention in the battle of other northern factions rival to that of Habré complicated the situation. A temporary truce was reached in 1979 through international mediation, establishing the warlord
1852:, along with many political organisations and parties, and every national ministry. The Supreme Court and Court of Appeal are also in N'Djamena, along with every major embassy in Chad, including the French and US embassies. It is sometimes considered within the
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N'Djamena's primary economic source is agricultural work. About 80% of the population within N'Djamena works within farming-based industries, including cultivation of crops and growing
3019:
2692:
Brunet, Michel; Guy, Franck; Pilbeam, David; Mackaye, Hassane Taisso; Likius, Andossa; Ahounta, Djimdoumalbaye; Beauvilain, Alain; Blondel, Cécile; Bocherens, Hervé (2002-07-11).
1693:. The economy in N'Djamena is therefore almost totally reliant on good weather, making the economy struggle in years with low rainfall. N'Djamena receives financial aid from the
681:. The residents did not return until 1981–82, after the end of the clashes. Until 1984, facilities and services were subject to strict rationing, and schools remained closed.
845:
N'Djamena for security, although many people fled N'Djamena, also depending on the political situation. The city surpassed the million mark in population by the early 2010s.
3616:
418:
1793:
670:
663:
2613:
1743:, called by locals as "Toumaï". This skull was discovered in the northern part of Chad and is considered to be from one of the earliest human ancestors. Views of
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1819:
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91:
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1989:
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for children to get an education. After progressing through elementary school, some students go on to a university. N'Djamena has two universities: the
3402:
1796:
1730:
861:
697:
conclusion after many months only when
Goukouni asked for the intervention of the Libyans, whose tanks overwhelmed Habré's defenses in the capital.
4381:
3639:
3133:
2897:
J. Gordon Melton, Martin
Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 534
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3181:
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987:. Despite the fact that the city receives on average approximately 510 mm (20 in) of rainfall annually, due to the area's very high
3143:
3015:
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673:, in 1979 and again in 1980. In these years, almost all of the population fled the town, searching for refuge on the opposite bank of the
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212:
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1701:. There is a high demand for skilled laborers within N'Djamena to work for oil and gas sectors, as well as laborers for foreign
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Cahiers de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
Dynamiques de l'Urbanisation Africaine 2020: Africapolis, Une Nouvelle Géographie Urbaine
594:
4386:
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3307:
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1709:, and English teaching. Residents of N'Djamena are liable to pay tax up to a maximum amount of 60% of all net income.
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152:
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3174:
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1773:
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127:
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1894:
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1842:
929:
623:
554:
139:
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1776:
with Arabic as the language of instruction, built in 1991. Secondary schools include the long established Lycée
1748:
4442:
3738:
3472:
3388:
2877:
1698:
949:
396:
1873:
684:
The period of turmoil in the city was started by the abortive coup attempted by the northerner Prime
Minister
2754:
2609:
585:
N'Djamena (from the Arabic name for the village of
Nijamina, "the city where one finds rest") was founded as
3909:
3583:
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120:
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598:
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3333:
3302:
1726:
384:
1777:
608:, the French relied upon the city's airport to move troops and supplies. On 21 January 1942, a lone
601:
about a month earlier. It was a major trading city and became the capital of the region and nation.
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926:
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2002:
1827:
1804:
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1563:
1515:
355:
109:
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945:
937:
3527:
2708:
693:
689:
605:
435:
374:
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2314:
2145:
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833:
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62:
48:
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619:
successfully bombed the airfield at Fort-Lamy, destroying oil supplies and ten aircraft.
590:
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838:
651:
612:
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142:, Nation Square (Place de la Nation); Bottom: Presidential Palace, Downtown N'Djamena
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4181:
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3700:
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3427:
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2736:
2521:
2208:
Capital Cities around the World: An
Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
1945:
1815:
919:
569:, which is on the west bank of both rivers. In 2014, it had 1,093,492 inhabitants.
546:
535:
486:
336:
304:
76:
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4353:
4176:
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2784:
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1941:
1910:
1906:
1886:
1706:
915:
678:
674:
558:
550:
2098:
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4187:
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4165:
4047:
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3901:
3749:
3705:
3467:
3328:
1694:
984:
980:
911:
370:
2720:
2329:
1940:
Historically, N'Djamena's main link to the exterior was by river boat up the
897:
884:
263:
250:
4237:
4192:
4099:
4072:
3001:
1929:
1690:
1677:
527:
365:
2845:"Chad's education system follows the model of its former colonizer, France"
2728:
577:
2806:"Chad facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Chad"
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3889:
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1976:
1914:
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17:
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4058:
3998:
3932:
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3804:
3788:
3716:
3694:
3689:
3661:
1957:
1737:. Within the Chad National Museum, one can view the partial skull of a
933:
609:
1763:
The Chad
National Museum and the National Library of Chad in N'Djamena
4154:
4053:
4042:
4031:
4025:
4020:
4014:
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3992:
3959:
3954:
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3884:
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3711:
3213:
2171:
1984:
1971:
1811:
1744:
1734:
539:
519:
197:
2436:"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps"
1747:
across the Chari River can also be spectacular. N’Djamena was named
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1676:
655:
576:
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925:
While primarily an administrative centre, the city includes the
857:
714:
531:
515:
511:
494:
291:
193:
3598:
3384:
3163:
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1772:
with French as the language of instruction, built in 1971; and
2694:"A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa"
998:
Climate data for N'Djamena (1991-2020, extremes 1904-present)
438:
1826:), Evangelical Church of Chad, Christian Assemblies in Chad (
444:
709:
510:
The city serves as the centre of economic activity in Chad.
622:
Fort-Lamy received its first bank branch in 1950, when the
459:
453:
2522:"World's most polluted cities (historical data 2017-2021)"
856:. The city was once again attacked on 2 February 2008, by
522:
processing are the chief industries, and it is a regional
441:
2005:(born 1974), medical professional and social entrepreneur
658:
during the 1980–81 Libyan intervention as part of the
477:
456:
2091:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
2057:
3342:
3321:
3295:
3279:
3263:
3204:
2586:. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from
545:It is a port city located at the confluence of the
450:
447:
405:
395:
381:
364:
353:
345:
334:
329:
321:
313:
302:
297:
279:
35:
3106:"Chad Population (2016) - World Population Review"
2328:
2496:"Rebels clash with Chadian forces inside capital"
2269:Encyclopedia of twentieth-century African history
2751:"N'Djamena, Capital of Islamic Culture for 2009"
2398:. Civil War and Multilateral Mediation, 1979–82.
1665:(precipitation), NOAA (sun, humidity 1961-1990)
948:. The main commercial avenue of the city is the
2614:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1897:also passes through N'Djamena, making it a key
4382:An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation
1932:NDJ) is located on the outskirts of the city.
1926:N'Djamena International Airport Hassan Djamous
636:changed its name to N'Djamena (taken from the
3610:
3396:
3175:
1960:links. However, railways have been proposed.
597:, an army officer who had been killed in the
8:
3915:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3041:"Toulouse-N'Djamena: une solidarité durable"
2584:"World Weather Information Service–Ndjamena"
2540:"Météo Climat stats for N'Djamena 1991–2020"
2330:"Nationalism, Drought Make the News in Chad"
2218:
2216:
837:fashion in 1990 by a former general of his,
700:
54:
40:
2461:Le Frolinat et les guerres civiles du Tchad
2423:Le Frolinat et les guerres civiles du Tchad
2174:UK English Dictionary US English Dictionary
832:Following differences between Goukouni and
3617:
3603:
3595:
3403:
3389:
3381:
3233:American International School of N'Djamena
3182:
3168:
3160:
2229:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 17.
1948:rivers, but these now carry little trade.
994:
960:N'Djamena is Africa's most polluted city.
699:
644:, meaning "place of rest") as part of his
32:
2261:
2259:
2257:
669:The city was partly destroyed during the
664:Transitional Government of National Unity
1881:The city is the eastern terminus of the
3238:George Washington International Academy
2082:
2015:
1820:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of N'Djaména
852:attack on the city was defeated in the
404:
394:
363:
328:
320:
296:
278:
243:
164:
146:
82:
3245:N'Djamena English International School
3004:. Britannica. Retrieved on 2020-05-29.
2971:"TRANS-AFRICAN HIGHWAY NETWORK ROUTES"
2266:Zeleza, Tiyambe; Dickson Eyoh (2003).
1797:Our Lady of Peace Cathedral, N'Djamena
2610:"ND'Jamena Climate Normals 1961–1990"
2502:from the original on February 4, 2008
2036:
380:
352:
344:
333:
312:
301:
219:
179:
7:
4423:Populated places established in 1900
3016:"Work to begin on Chad rail network"
1780:and Lycée technique commercial, the
1725:Attractions in the city include the
3077:Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2983:from the original on April 29, 2017
2047:
55:
3002:N’Djamena | Location & History
2474:"UN condemns rebel attack in Chad"
2369:from the original on 25 March 2011
2223:Zurocha-Walske, Christine (2009).
850:United Front for Democratic Change
25:
3083:from the original on 6 March 2012
3047:(in French). 2008. Archived from
2946:"N'Djamena, Chari-Baguirmi, Chad"
2388:Collelo, Thomas (December 1988).
1663:World Meteorological Organization
688:against the southerner President
677:in Cameroon, next to the city of
3845:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3560:
3224:
3212:
3194:
2484:from the original on 2008-02-09.
1983:
1970:
1729:, the Al-Mouna Cultural Center,
593:on 29 May 1900, and named after
565:), capital of the Department of
434:
317:166 km (64 sq mi)
309:104 km (40 sq mi)
284:
218:
211:
178:
171:
151:
138:Top: N'Djamena skyline; Middle:
126:
119:
108:
101:
90:
27:Capital and largest city of Chad
3640:states with limited recognition
3287:N'Djamena International Airport
3022:from the original on 2017-11-17
2927:from the original on 2016-05-13
2851:from the original on 2012-05-24
2442:from the original on 2018-09-13
2308:MESSERSCHMITT Bf 108 – 'TAIFUN'
2290:from the original on 2016-05-19
2243:from the original on 2016-04-30
1877:N'Djamena International Airport
932:and residential areas, such as
501:, divided into 10 districts or
4438:Cameroon–Chad border crossings
2412:, Scarecrow, 1987, pp. 229–230
2363:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1721:The Dary festival in N'Djamena
1703:non-governmental organizations
1:
2913:. Routledge. pp. 235–6.
2410:Historical Dictionary of Chad
2210:, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 208
1903:Trans-African Highway network
1848:N'Djamena is the home of the
1774:King Faisal University - Chad
1397:Average rainfall mm (inches)
3219:Lycée Montaigne de N'Djamena
2907:Europa Publications (2004).
2425:, Karthala, 1987, pp. 67–175
2327:Rice, Eleanor (3 Feb 1974).
1782:Lycée Montaigne de N'Djamena
349:9,148/km (23,690/sq mi)
3072:Российско-чадские отношения
2950:Mbendi Information Services
2058:
1731:Our Lady of Peace Cathedral
1683:International Space Station
1257:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1117:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
654:. The city was occupied by
581:A street in N'Djamena, 1952
4459:
4387:British Overseas Territory
3365:Battle of N'Djamena (2008)
3360:Battle of N'Djamena (2006)
3355:Battle of N'Djamena (1980)
3350:Battle of N'Djamena (1979)
2910:Africa South of the Sahara
2142:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1891:N'Djamena–Djibouti Highway
1749:Capital of Islamic Culture
1660:
1655:
997:
868:Battle of N'Djamena (2008)
848:On 13 April 2006, a rebel
640:name of a nearby village,
4377:
3650:
3633:
3569:
3558:
3418:
3308:Kempinski Hotel N'Djamena
3110:worldpopulationreview.com
2564:(in French). Meteo Climat
2396:Federal Research Division
2138:"Definition of N'Djamena"
1905:. N'Djamena is linked by
1895:Tripoli-Cape Town Highway
1889:by the (largely unpaved)
1850:National Assembly of Chad
1843:National Assembly of Chad
1807:, they are predominantly
1608:
1561:
1513:
1466:
1396:
1326:
1256:
1186:
1116:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
727:—
624:Bank of West Africa (BAO)
555:transborder agglomeration
244:
165:
147:
140:National Assembly of Chad
83:
74:
4433:French Equatorial Africa
4418:Populated places in Chad
3739:Central African Republic
3071:
2206:Roman Adrian Cybriwsky,
2197:. OECD. 20 February 2020
1699:African Development Bank
1681:N’Djamena seen from the
950:Avenue Charles de Gaulle
879:N'Djamena is located at
325:298 m (978 ft)
3584:Sub-prefectures of Chad
3271:University of N'Djamena
2317:accessed: 29 April 2011
2178:Oxford University Press
1770:University of N'Djamena
1656:Source 1: Météo Climat
660:Chadian–Libyan conflict
626:opened a branch there.
3538:special statute region
3313:N'Djamena Grand Mosque
3255:Les Etoiles Brillantes
2777:"Education & Jobs"
2753:. 2009. Archived from
2664:"Chad National Museum"
2635:"Working in N'Djamena"
2029:
1883:Trans-Sahelian Highway
1878:
1845:
1818:churches and temples:
1800:
1764:
1722:
1686:
582:
499:special statute region
41:
4286:São Tomé and Príncipe
3636:Dependent territories
3547:Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti
2870:"Living in N'Djamena"
2438:. Citypopulation.de.
2421:Robert Buijtenhuijs,
2391:Chad: A Country Study
2095:hdi.globaldatalab.org
2038:[n(ə)dʒamena]
1876:
1860:, although separate.
1841:
1795:
1762:
1720:
1680:
970:hot semi-arid climate
898:12.11000°N 15.05000°E
701:Historical population
662:, and the associated
617:Sonderkommando Blaich
580:
383: • Summer (
264:12.10528°N 15.04472°E
3628:of African countries
3334:Geyser Football Club
3303:Chad National Museum
3079:. 16 February 2009.
2847:. Bibl.u-szeged.hu.
2810:www.encyclopedia.com
2498:. February 2, 2008.
2274:Taylor & Francis
1992:, Russia; since 2000
1979:, France; since 1980
1727:Chad National Museum
1047:Record high °C (°F)
595:Amédée-François Lamy
589:by French commander
346: • Density
30:Capital city in Chad
3579:Prefectures of Chad
3574:Departments of Chad
3370:Air West Flight 612
3250:Wellsprings Academy
3051:on 3 September 2011
3018:. Railway Gazette.
2713:10.1038/nature00879
2562:"Station N'Djamena"
2126:on 11 January 2013.
1885:, and is linked to
1467:Average rainy days
1327:Record low °C (°F)
1187:Daily mean °C (°F)
894: /
854:Battle of N'Djamena
702:
634:François Tombalbaye
260: /
4413:Capitals in Africa
3150:earth-info.nga.mil
2757:on August 26, 2009
2359:"N'Djamena (Chad)"
2336:Arizona Daily Star
2313:2012-03-23 at the
1879:
1846:
1801:
1765:
1723:
1687:
989:evapotranspiration
903:12.11000; 15.05000
599:Battle of Kousséri
583:
314: • Metro
269:12.10528; 15.04472
235:Show map of Africa
232:N'Djamena (Africa)
4395:
4394:
4037:Equatorial Guinea
3772:Rep. of the Congo
3592:
3591:
3473:Logone Occidental
3378:
3377:
3140:Best travel guide
2920:978-1-85743-183-4
2707:(6894): 145–151.
2459:R. Buijtenhuijs,
2283:978-0-415-23479-5
2236:978-1-57505-956-3
2120:"World Gazetteer"
2056:
2003:Nathalie Beasnael
1828:Plymouth Brethren
1814:. There are also
1805:places of worship
1788:Places of worship
1697:, as well as the
1669:
1668:
1516:relative humidity
930:commercial centre
830:
829:
671:Chadian Civil War
629:On 6 April 1973,
557:with the city of
424:
423:
16:(Redirected from
4450:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3596:
3564:
3545:Former regions:
3493:Mayo-Kebbi Ouest
3405:
3398:
3391:
3382:
3229:
3228:
3217:
3216:
3199:
3198:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3161:
3130:Map of N'Djamena
3119:
3117:
3116:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
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3011:
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2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2876:. Archived from
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2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:Official website
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2783:. Archived from
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2698:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2670:. Archived from
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2641:. Archived from
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:on March 4, 2016
2580:
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2249:
2248:
2226:Chad in Pictures
2220:
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2198:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2180:. Archived from
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2122:. Archived from
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2097:. Archived from
2087:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2035:
2020:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1956:The city has no
1901:location in the
1707:medical services
1470:
995:
968:N'Djamena has a
909:
908:
906:
905:
904:
899:
895:
892:
891:
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887:
716:
711:
703:
694:Goukouni Oueddei
606:Second World War
481:
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472:
465:
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375:West Africa Time
290:
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202:Show map of Chad
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94:
66:
58:
57:
52:
44:
33:
21:
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4443:Regions of Chad
4398:
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3478:Logone Oriental
3414:
3412:Regions of Chad
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2408:Samuel Decalo,
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2315:Wayback Machine
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2276:. p. 379.
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2146:Merriam-Webster
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2017:
2012:
1999:
1982:
1969:
1966:
1954:
1938:
1923:
1899:Central African
1871:
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1824:Catholic Church
1790:
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1061:
1056:
1051:
979:) with a short
966:
958:
902:
900:
896:
893:
888:
885:
883:
881:
880:
877:
834:Muammar Gaddafi
575:
567:Logone-et-Chari
504:arrondissements
497:. It is also a
479:
469:
468:
467:
437:
431:
430:
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382:
285:
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268:
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79:
70:
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53:
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38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3490:
3488:Mayo-Kebbi Est
3485:
3480:
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3465:
3460:
3455:
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3445:
3440:
3438:Chari-Baguirmi
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3147:
3137:
3125:
3124:External links
3122:
3121:
3120:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3075:(in Russian).
3062:
3032:
3014:DVV Media UK.
3006:
2994:
2962:
2937:
2919:
2899:
2890:
2861:
2836:
2821:
2797:
2768:
2742:
2684:
2655:
2626:
2601:
2575:
2553:
2542:. Météo Climat
2531:
2513:
2487:
2480:. 2006-04-14.
2465:
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2427:
2414:
2401:
2380:
2350:
2319:
2300:
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2235:
2212:
2199:
2187:
2184:on 2022-01-26.
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2067:
2066:
2063:
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2022:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1997:Notable people
1995:
1994:
1993:
1980:
1965:
1962:
1953:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1922:
1919:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:Chari-Baguirmi
1835:
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1789:
1786:
1756:
1753:
1740:Sahelanthropus
1733:, and several
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1625:
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1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:sunshine hours
1606:
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1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:sunshine hours
1559:
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1022:
1019:
1016:
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1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
993:
983:and a lengthy
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873:
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718:
717:
712:
707:
652:Africanization
613:Heinkel He 111
574:
571:
422:
421:
410:
403:
402:
399:
393:
392:
391:(Not Observed)
389:
379:
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368:
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351:
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343:
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331:
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68:
39:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4455:
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4119:
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4023:
4022:
4018:
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4011:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
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3979:
3978:
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3808:
3806:
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3801:
3797:
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3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:Guinea-Bissau
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
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3709:
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3506:
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3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Bahr el Gazel
3421:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2880:on 2016-11-14
2879:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2787:on 2016-10-29
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2674:on 2016-11-14
2673:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2645:on 2016-11-14
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2526:www.iqair.com
2523:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2463:, pp. 177–225
2462:
2456:
2453:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2101:on 2018-09-23
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:Mean monthly
1560:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1001:
996:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
963:
961:
955:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
927:Nassara Strip
923:
921:
917:
913:
907:
874:
872:
870:
869:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
842:
840:
835:
825:
822:
819:
818:
814:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
797:
796:
792:
789:
786:
785:
781:
778:
775:
774:
770:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
753:
752:
748:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
713:
708:
705:
704:
698:
695:
691:
690:Félix Malloum
687:
686:Hissène Habré
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
639:
635:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
614:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
471:
464:
428:
420:
411:
408:
400:
398:
390:
386:
376:
372:
369:
367:
359:
357:
354: •
348:
340:
338:
335: •
324:
316:
308:
306:
303: •
293:
282:
273:
245:Coordinates:
214:
199:
195:
174:
154:
141:
129:
122:
111:
104:
93:
78:
73:
64:
50:
43:
34:
19:
4428:Logone River
4361:
4352:(economic),
4347:
4339:Yamoussoukro
4337:
4323:
4312:
4301:
4290:
4279:
4268:
4261:South Africa
4252:Bloemfontein
4250:
4236:
4222:
4208:
4197:
4186:
4182:Burkina Faso
4175:
4164:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4131:
4120:
4109:
4098:
4080:
4066:
4052:
4041:
4030:
4019:
4008:
3997:
3986:
3975:
3964:
3953:
3942:
3931:
3920:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3894:
3883:
3872:
3861:
3857:Sierra Leone
3850:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3820:
3809:
3798:
3787:
3776:
3765:
3754:
3743:
3732:
3721:
3710:
3701:Antananarivo
3699:
3688:
3677:
3666:
3655:
3643:
3537:
3533:
3532:The city of
3458:Hadjer-Lamis
3448:Ennedi-Ouest
3264:Universities
3190:
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3085:. Retrieved
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:the original
3044:
3035:
3024:. Retrieved
3009:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2949:
2940:
2929:. Retrieved
2909:
2902:
2893:
2882:. Retrieved
2878:the original
2874:InterNations
2873:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2839:
2824:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2785:the original
2780:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:the original
2745:
2704:
2700:
2687:
2676:. Retrieved
2672:the original
2667:
2658:
2647:. Retrieved
2643:the original
2639:InterNations
2638:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2490:
2477:
2468:
2460:
2455:
2444:. Retrieved
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2390:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2339:. p. 91
2334:
2322:
2303:
2292:. Retrieved
2268:
2245:. Retrieved
2225:
2207:
2202:
2190:
2182:the original
2170:
2161:
2151:17 September
2149:. Retrieved
2141:
2132:
2124:the original
2114:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:the original
2094:
2085:
2018:
1955:
1939:
1936:River travel
1924:
1880:
1847:
1802:
1766:
1738:
1724:
1688:
976:
967:
959:
924:
878:
865:
847:
843:
831:
683:
668:
647:authenticité
645:
641:
628:
621:
603:
591:Émile Gentil
586:
584:
553:, forming a
547:Logone River
544:
509:
502:
491:largest city
426:
425:
337:Capital city
305:Capital city
192:Location in
157:Coat of arms
77:Capital city
4354:Ivory Coast
4342:(political)
4243:legislative
4177:Ouagadougou
4087:legislative
3927:South Sudan
3843:(factual),
3767:Brazzaville
3679:Addis Ababa
3498:Moyen-Chari
3055:30 November
3045:Adequations
2668:Afrotourism
2619:October 19,
2594:October 19,
2568:October 19,
2506:February 3,
2373:29 November
2167:"N'Djamena"
1964:Twin cities
1907:road bridge
1887:East Africa
1778:Félix Éboué
1609:Mean daily
956:Environment
942:Paris Congo
901: /
839:Idriss Déby
675:Chari River
650:program of
604:During the
551:Chari River
267: /
4402:Categories
4319:Seychelles
4215:Cape Verde
4199:Porto-Novo
4188:Port Louis
4171:Mauritania
4166:Nouakchott
4048:Mozambique
3977:Libreville
3971:D.R. Congo
3902:Somaliland
3837:(claimed)/
3706:Madagascar
3443:Ennedi-Est
3329:Gazelle FC
3115:2016-10-28
3087:2009-07-23
3026:2017-11-06
2955:1 December
2931:2015-11-15
2884:2016-11-13
2855:2013-03-26
2815:2016-10-28
2791:2016-10-28
2781:Our Africa
2761:1 December
2678:2016-11-13
2649:2016-11-12
2546:15 October
2446:2019-04-10
2294:2015-11-15
2247:2015-11-15
2105:2018-09-13
2072:References
2034:pronounced
1834:Government
1803:Among the
1695:World Bank
1661:Source 2:
1469:(≥ 0.1 mm)
985:dry season
981:wet season
912:confluence
889:15°03′00″E
886:12°06′36″N
330:Population
255:15°02′41″E
252:12°06′19″N
4408:N'Djamena
4238:Cape Town
4229:executive
4193:Mauritius
4144:N'Djamena
4100:Mogadishu
4073:executive
3910:Jamestown
3534:N'Djamena
3528:Wadi Fira
3296:Landmarks
3280:Transport
3191:N'Djamena
2721:0028-0836
2077:Citations
2053:romanized
2030:N'Djaména
1930:IATA code
1864:Transport
1816:Christian
1755:Education
1751:in 2009.
1691:livestock
910:, on the
875:Geography
864:rebels. (
823:1,360,000
812:1,092,066
631:President
587:Fort-Lamy
549:with the
528:livestock
485:) is the
432:English:
427:N'Djamena
397:Area code
371:UTC+01:00
366:Time zone
360:1,605,696
322:Elevation
226:N'Djamena
186:N'Djamena
69:Fort-Lamy
42:N'Djaména
37:N'Djamena
4368:Cameroon
4325:Windhoek
4314:Victoria
4281:São Tomé
4257:judicial
4224:Pretoria
4111:Monrovia
4091:Eswatini
3988:Lilongwe
3966:Kinshasa
3944:Khartoum
3897:Hargeisa
3890:Zimbabwe
3868:Botswana
3863:Gaborone
3852:Freetown
3840:Tifariti
3834:El Aaiún
3827:Tanzania
3816:Djibouti
3811:Djibouti
3684:Ethiopia
3626:Capitals
3518:Tandjilé
3081:Archived
3020:Archived
2978:Archived
2925:Archived
2849:Archived
2729:12110880
2500:Archived
2482:Archived
2478:BBC News
2440:Archived
2367:Archived
2365:. 2009.
2311:Archived
2288:Archived
2241:Archived
2059:Injamīnā
1977:Toulouse
1915:Cameroon
1911:Kousséri
1604:3,205.5
1514:Average
1147:(100.8)
1142:(106.2)
1137:(107.6)
1132:(103.8)
1112:(120.4)
1107:(104.9)
1102:(117.5)
1097:(110.5)
1092:(104.9)
1087:(102.9)
1082:(114.8)
1077:(111.2)
1072:(120.4)
1067:(118.9)
1062:(115.7)
1057:(117.7)
1052:(107.2)
922:rivers.
679:Kousséri
642:Niǧāmīnā
563:Cameroon
559:Kousséri
18:Ndjamena
4363:Yaoundé
4349:Abidjan
4330:Namibia
4308:Tunisia
4292:Tripoli
4275:Morocco
4133:Nairobi
4127:Comoros
4116:Liberia
4105:Somalia
4082:Lobamba
4068:Mbabane
4059:Lesotho
3933:Kampala
3879:Burundi
3805:Senegal
3789:Conakry
3717:Eritrea
3695:Algeria
3690:Algiers
3662:Nigeria
3644:italics
3642:are in
3523:Tibesti
3508:Salamat
3503:Ouaddaï
3483:Mandoul
3343:History
3322:Culture
3205:Schools
3154:Archive
3144:Archive
3134:Archive
3099:Sources
2987:Apr 10,
2737:1316969
2055::
2048:انجمينا
1990:Stupino
1958:railway
1952:Railway
1921:Airport
1812:mosques
1735:mosques
1713:Culture
1685:in 2010
1673:Economy
1462:(20.1)
1452:(0.00)
1447:(0.80)
1442:(3.32)
1437:(6.87)
1432:(5.66)
1427:(2.01)
1422:(1.02)
1417:(0.41)
1412:(0.01)
1392:(43.7)
1387:(47.1)
1382:(50.5)
1377:(56.3)
1372:(59.2)
1367:(65.3)
1362:(63.9)
1357:(64.8)
1352:(62.2)
1347:(61.2)
1342:(52.3)
1337:(46.4)
1332:(43.7)
1322:(71.4)
1317:(60.1)
1312:(66.7)
1307:(73.2)
1302:(74.1)
1297:(73.2)
1292:(74.7)
1287:(78.3)
1282:(80.6)
1277:(79.0)
1272:(72.9)
1267:(63.9)
1262:(58.6)
1252:(84.6)
1247:(75.9)
1242:(82.6)
1237:(86.2)
1232:(83.5)
1227:(81.1)
1222:(83.8)
1217:(89.4)
1212:(93.6)
1207:(93.4)
1202:(88.0)
1197:(80.2)
1192:(74.5)
1182:(97.7)
1177:(92.8)
1172:(98.8)
1167:(99.7)
1162:(93.2)
1157:(89.2)
1152:(93.4)
1127:(97.0)
1122:(90.9)
964:Climate
946:Moursal
938:Chagoua
934:Mbololo
914:of the
801:951,418
790:728,000
782:+308.4%
779:530,965
771:+116.7%
768:130,000
760:+226.5%
615:of the
573:History
487:capital
478:ən-jah-
341:807,000
280:Country
56:انجمينا
4344:
4247:
4233:
4155:Niamey
4122:Moroni
4077:
4054:Maseru
4043:Maputo
4032:Malabo
4026:Zambia
4021:Lusaka
4015:Angola
4010:Luanda
3993:Malawi
3960:Rwanda
3955:Kigali
3938:Uganda
3885:Harare
3874:Gitega
3822:Dodoma
3794:Guinea
3756:Bissau
3750:Gambia
3745:Banjul
3734:Bangui
3723:Bamako
3712:Asmara
3552:Ennedi
3433:Borkou
2917:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2701:Nature
2343:31 May
2280:
2233:
2172:Lexico
2044:Arabic
2026:French
1946:Logone
1893:. The
1854:region
1809:Muslim
1745:sunset
1601:303.8
1598:300.0
1595:285.2
1592:228.0
1589:201.5
1586:213.9
1583:258.0
1580:285.2
1577:273.0
1574:282.1
1571:277.2
1568:297.6
1457:(0.0)
1407:(0.0)
1402:(0.0)
1003:Month
974:Köppen
920:Logone
826:+24.5%
815:+14.8%
804:+30.7%
793:+37.1%
757:60,000
749:+46.4%
746:18,375
738:+25.8%
735:12,552
638:Arabic
610:German
540:grains
538:, and
524:market
520:cotton
409:(2021)
289:
198:Africa
63:Arabic
59:
49:French
45:
4303:Tunis
4297:Libya
4270:Rabat
4210:Praia
4204:Benin
4160:Niger
4138:Kenya
3982:Gabon
3949:Sudan
3800:Dakar
3783:Egypt
3778:Cairo
3673:Ghana
3668:Accra
3657:Abuja
3463:Kanem
3453:Guéra
3428:Batha
2981:(PDF)
2974:(PDF)
2733:S2CID
2697:(PDF)
2010:Notes
1942:Chari
1645:10.0
1460:510.3
1435:174.4
1430:143.8
1042:Year
916:Chari
724:9,976
656:Libya
536:dates
466:
412:0.432
356:Metro
4149:Chad
4004:Togo
3999:Lomé
3922:Juba
3728:Mali
3638:and
3513:Sila
3057:2009
2989:2019
2957:2009
2915:ISBN
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2725:PMID
2717:ISSN
2621:2015
2596:2015
2570:2016
2548:2017
2508:2008
2375:2009
2345:2023
2278:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2153:2022
1944:and
1869:Road
1651:8.8
1648:9.8
1642:9.2
1639:7.6
1636:6.5
1633:6.9
1630:8.6
1627:9.2
1624:9.1
1621:9.1
1618:9.9
1615:9.6
1518:(%)
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1440:84.3
1425:51.0
1420:25.8
1415:10.3
1380:10.3
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1370:15.1
1365:18.5
1360:17.7
1355:18.2
1350:16.8
1345:16.2
1340:11.3
1320:21.9
1315:15.6
1310:19.3
1305:22.9
1300:23.4
1295:22.9
1290:23.7
1285:25.7
1280:27.0
1275:26.1
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1265:17.7
1260:14.8
1250:29.2
1245:24.4
1240:28.1
1235:30.1
1230:28.6
1225:27.3
1220:28.8
1215:31.9
1210:34.2
1205:34.1
1200:31.1
1195:26.8
1190:23.6
1180:36.5
1175:33.8
1170:37.1
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1160:34.0
1155:31.8
1150:34.1
1145:38.2
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1135:42.0
1130:39.9
1125:36.1
1120:32.7
1110:49.1
1105:40.5
1100:47.5
1095:43.6
1090:40.5
1085:39.4
1080:46.0
1075:44.0
1070:49.1
1065:48.3
1060:46.5
1055:47.6
1050:41.8
1039:Dec
1036:Nov
1033:Oct
1030:Sep
1027:Aug
1024:Jul
1021:Jun
1018:May
1015:Apr
1012:Mar
1009:Feb
1006:Jan
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918:and
866:See
860:and
858:UFDD
820:2019
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765:1970
754:1960
743:1947
732:1940
721:1937
710:Pop.
706:Year
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526:for
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1385:8.4
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977:BSh
862:RFC
493:of
482:-nə
480:MAY
419:1st
415:low
407:HDI
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