1698:
1687:
71:
546:
710:
which greatly contributed to these continental changes. Research on how the supercontinents broke apart and combined into different configurations is involved in linking together deep-interior and surface-level processes as well as the assessment of contrasting models of early
Paleoproterozoic
642:
The earliest potential eukaryote fossils come from
Neoarchaean deposits in South Africa dating to 2.8 to 2.7 Ga, resembling present day siphonalean microalgae. However, the identity of these microfossils as eukaryotes is highly controversial and remains disputed.
596:
through increasing the number of rock types present and thereby increasing the surface's chemical diversity. Some noted metabolisms were able to flourish due to changes in the availability of certain metals while others faced famine: an increase in
572:
era. The environmental changes that occurred in the
Neoarchean such as its developing atmospheric and soil compositions drastically differentiated the era from others in its encouragement of
624:
such as increasing organic matter burial and higher oxidative states in volcanic sulfur and magmatic iron contributed to a large buildup of oxygen in the atmosphere, leading to the
683:, closer to 1.9 billion years ago. This challenge to the reconstruction is based on research studying northern Kenorland's Paleoproterozoic cover as well as the suture between the
1067:
639:, dating to approximately 2.52 Ga, comes from the Gamohaan Formation of South Africa, revealing that sulphur-oxidising bacteria had evolved prior to the Great Oxidation Event.
823:
1060:
999:
656:
372:
931:. Paleoproterozoic tectonic assembly of the western Canadian shield: new findings and implications for the reconstruction of Laurentia/Nuna.
1053:
1731:
671:. With new research, the validity of Kenorland has been questioned in favor of other Neoarchean supercontinent proposals Superia or
502:
655:
is proposed to have formed about 2.7 billion years ago. Kenorland is of particular interest due to it containing deposits of
636:
864:"Tubular microfossils from βΌ2.8 to 2.7Ga-old lacustrine deposits of South Africa: A sign for early origin of eukaryotes?"
992:
698:
can be studied through patterns that describe how Earth's crust and its mineral deposits were preserved over time since
1076:
361:
824:"Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria prior to the Great Oxidation Event from the 2.52 Ga Gamohaan Formation of South Africa"
576:
to evolve and diversify. The era could have also seen pre-biotic organic molecules being brought to Earth through
680:
1726:
1349:
1344:
985:
561:
752:
625:
924:
747:
936:
868:
761:
695:
573:
1680:
720:
613:
553:
863:
797:
702:. Plate tectonics, having developed earlier in the Archean eon, produced the force necessary for
1697:
1478:
1442:
952:
828:
789:
707:
585:
1721:
1572:
1447:
1416:
1213:
944:
885:
877:
837:
779:
769:
676:
629:
616:
conditions. This issue was alleviated in the
Neoarchean with the abundance of phosphorus in
602:
461:
214:
1541:
1437:
1375:
1270:
1239:
1208:
668:
589:
530:
862:
KaΕΊmierczak, JΓ³zef; Kremer, Barbara; Altermann, Wladyslaw; Franchi, Ian (November 2016).
940:
765:
608:
Oxygenic photosynthesis may have been limited earlier in the
Archean era from a lack of
1691:
1510:
1380:
1275:
1244:
923:
Pehrsson, Sally J.; Berman, Robert G.; Eglington, Bruce; Rainbird, Robert (July 2013).
1715:
1411:
1401:
1370:
1333:
1265:
1234:
801:
688:
593:
565:
549:
537:. The era is marked by major developments in complex life and continental formation.
522:
396:
948:
881:
774:
75:
A reconstruction of the Earth's continents during the middle
Neoarchean, c. 2.65 Ga.
1702:
1686:
1633:
1483:
1406:
1024:
703:
617:
675:. Improved geologic knowledge suggests that a part of Kenorland, specifically the
70:
1628:
1497:
1473:
1318:
1113:
1029:
925:"Two Neoarchean supercontinents revisited: The case for a Rae family of cratons"
621:
569:
545:
195:
186:
43:
36:
822:
Czaja, Andrew D.; Beukes, Nicolas J.; Osterhout, Jeffrey T. (1 December 2016).
1583:
1526:
1426:
1323:
1197:
1097:
1045:
784:
684:
679:, was instead a continental development that formed after the Neoarchean era,
609:
239:
956:
793:
592:
in the
Archean allowed for the colonization of a larger variety of niches by
1638:
1588:
1562:
1521:
1468:
1313:
1289:
1170:
1160:
1149:
1019:
972:
652:
577:
260:
1598:
1593:
1557:
1457:
1390:
1359:
1254:
1223:
1184:
1134:
1108:
1084:
672:
317:
529:
that spans from 2800 to 2500 million years agoβthe period being defined
1612:
1552:
1302:
1139:
1123:
1008:
748:"Signatures of early microbial life from the Archean (4 to 2.5 Ga) eon"
699:
664:
526:
519:
406:
162:
50:
890:
1648:
1531:
1165:
841:
598:
57:
581:
544:
534:
1672:
1668:
1664:
660:
30:
1049:
981:
977:
488:
470:
87:
601:
present in the environment in the
Neoarchean likely favored
479:
491:
473:
533:
and not referencing a specific level in a rock section on
560:
This era saw the rise of oxygen in the atmosphere after
584:, or through abiotic reactions. The growth of juvenile
503:
494:
485:
467:
464:
1647:
1611:
1571:
1540:
1509:
1496:
1456:
1425:
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1183:
1148:
1122:
1096:
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21:
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993:
8:
741:
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735:
612:stemming from poor biological recycling in
476:
1506:
1298:
1193:
1093:
1068:
1054:
1046:
1000:
986:
978:
620:, which when combined with other evolving
889:
783:
773:
731:
18:
973:Neoarchean (chronostratigraphy scale)
7:
901:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
651:During this era, the supercontinent
249:
228:
1667:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1671:= megaannum (millions years ago);
556:through Earth's geological history
552:showing the increase of oxygen in
277:Axis scale: millions of years ago.
14:
1675:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1696:
1685:
657:volcanic-hosted massive sulphide
460:
69:
949:10.1016/j.precamres.2013.02.005
882:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.10.001
775:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103296
637:microbial oxidation of sulphur
308:Methanian Period, 2780β2630 Ma
1:
1114:Pleistocene (11.7 kaβ2.58 Ma)
746:Lepot, Kevin (October 2020).
16:Fourth era of the Archean Eon
1077:Geological history of Earth
1748:
1350:Mississippian (323β359 Ma)
1345:Pennsylvanian (299β323 Ma)
1109:Holocene (presentβ11.7 ka)
275:Events of the Neoarchean.
1732:Precambrian geochronology
1662:
1634:Paleoarchean (3.2β3.6 Ga)
1484:Terreneuvian (521β539 Ma)
1015:
635:The earliest evidence of
437:Upper boundary definition
421:Lower boundary definition
273:
85:
68:
26:
1629:Mesoarchean (2.8β3.2 Ga)
1474:Miaolingian (497β509 Ma)
1319:Guadalupian (260β272 Ma)
1171:Paleocene (56.0β66.0 Ma)
1161:Oligocene (23.0β33.9 Ma)
588:as well as the onset of
440:Defined Chronometrically
424:Defined Chronometrically
289:Proposed redefinition(s)
261:Supercontinent Kenorland
153:−2500 —
143:−2550 —
133:−2600 —
123:−2650 —
113:−2700 —
103:−2750 —
93:−2800 —
1624:Neoarchean (2.5β2.8 Ga)
1589:Orosirian (1.8β2.05 Ga)
1584:Statherian (1.6β1.8 Ga)
1527:Cryogenian (635β720 Ma)
1417:Llandovery (433β444 Ma)
1324:Cisuralian (272β299 Ma)
1135:Pliocene (2.59β5.33 Ma)
562:oxygenic photosynthesis
1594:Rhyacian (2.05β2.3 Ga)
1563:Calymmian (1.4β1.6 Ga)
1522:Ediacaran (539β635 Ma)
1469:Furongian (485β497 Ma)
1314:Lopingian (252β260 Ma)
1140:Miocene (5.33β23.0 Ma)
557:
550:Semi-logarithmic graph
325:Gradstein et al., 2012
313:Gradstein et al., 2012
297:Gradstein et al., 2012
1599:Siderian (2.3β2.5 Ga)
1558:Ectasian (1.2β1.4 Ga)
1479:Series 2 (509β521 Ma)
1166:Eocene (33.9β56.0 Ma)
753:Earth-Science Reviews
711:geodynamic activity.
647:Continental formation
626:Great Oxidation Event
574:microbial metabolisms
548:
345:Alternate spelling(s)
304:Proposed subdivisions
1639:Eoarchean (3.6β4 Ga)
1532:Tonian (720 Maβ1 Ga)
1412:Wenlock (427β433 Ma)
1402:Pridoli (419β423 Ma)
929:Precambrian Research
869:Precambrian Research
696:supercontinent cycle
240:Prokaryotic Microbes
1694: •
1683: •
1681:Geologic time scale
1443:Middle (458β470 Ma)
1407:Ludlow (423β427 Ma)
1376:Middle (383β393 Ma)
1271:Middle (237β247 Ma)
1240:Middle (164β174 Ma)
941:2013PreR..232...27P
766:2020ESRv..20903296L
721:Huronian glaciation
603:aerobic metabolisms
445:Upper GSSA ratified
429:Lower GSSA ratified
413:Time span formality
1692:Geology portal
1553:Stenian (1β1.2 Ga)
1448:Early (470β485 Ma)
1381:Early (393β419 Ma)
1276:Early (247β252 Ma)
1245:Early (174β201 Ma)
1214:Early (100β145 Ma)
1209:Late (66.0β100 Ma)
785:20.500.12210/62415
677:Churchill Province
558:
554:Earth's atmosphere
403:Stratigraphic unit
393:Chronological unit
380:Time scale(s) used
1709:
1708:
1607:
1606:
1573:Paleoproterozoic
1492:
1491:
1438:Late (444β458 Ma)
1371:Late (359β383 Ma)
1284:
1283:
1266:Late (201β237 Ma)
1235:Late (145β164 Ma)
1179:
1178:
1100:(presentβ2.58 Ma)
1088:(presentβ66.0 Ma)
1043:
1042:
708:magmatic activity
586:continental crust
452:
451:
353:Usage information
320:Period, 2630β2420
283:
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1739:
1703:World portal
1701:
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1542:Mesoproterozoic
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842:10.1130/G38150.1
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630:Paleoproterozoic
568:as early as the
531:chronometrically
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242:appeared on land
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215:Paleoproterozoic
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1727:Geological eras
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1511:Neoproterozoic
1501:(539 Maβ2.5 Ga)
1500:
1499:
1498:Proterozoic Eon
1488:
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1428:
1421:
1392:
1385:
1361:
1354:
1335:
1328:
1304:
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1199:
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836:(12): 983β986.
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804:
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733:
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669:Canadian Shield
649:
590:plate tectonics
543:
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1334:Carboniferous
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1152:(23.0β66.0 Ma)
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1137:
1131:
1129:
1126:(2.58β23.0 Ma)
1120:
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967:External links
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1513:(539 Maβ1 Ga)
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1290:Paleozoic Era
1287:
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1200:(66.0β145 Ma)
1195:
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1188:(66.0β252 Ma)
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566:cyanobacteria
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25:
20:
1677:
1623:
1613:Archean Eon
1575:(1.6β2.5 Ga)
1460:(485β539 Ma)
1429:(444β485 Ma)
1393:(419β444 Ma)
1362:(359β419 Ma)
1336:(299β359 Ma)
1305:(252β299 Ma)
1293:(252β539 Ma)
1257:(201β252 Ma)
1226:(145β201 Ma)
1185:Mesozoic Era
1085:Cenozoic Era
1034:
1025:Paleoarchean
932:
928:
895:. Retrieved
873:
867:
857:
845:. Retrieved
833:
827:
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805:. Retrieved
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704:metamorphism
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559:
541:Complex life
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316:
311:
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293:2780β2420 Ma
292:
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194:
185:
161:
1649:Hadean Eon
1427:Ordovician
1198:Cretaceous
1098:Quaternary
1030:Mesoarchean
1009:Archean Eon
876:: 180β194.
622:geodynamics
570:Mesoarchean
564:evolved in
527:Archean Eon
516:Neoarchaean
348:Neoarchaean
196:Mesoarchean
45:Proterozoic
1716:Categories
1651:(4β4.6 Ga)
1615:(2.5β4 Ga)
1544:(1β1.6 Ga)
1150:Paleogene
1035:Neoarchean
891:2263/58206
847:22 January
807:22 January
760:: 103296.
727:References
610:phosphorus
578:meteorites
456:Neoarchean
388:Definition
205:Neoarchean
81:Chronology
22:Neoarchean
1678:See also:
1458:Cambrian
1391:Silurian
1360:Devonian
1255:Triassic
1224:Jurassic
1020:Eoarchean
957:0301-9268
935:: 27β43.
802:225413847
794:0012-8252
691:cratons.
653:Kenorland
614:anaerobic
332:Etymology
1303:Permian
1124:Neogene
715:See also
673:Vaalbara
520:geologic
371:Global (
318:Siderian
1722:Archean
937:Bibcode
829:Geology
762:Bibcode
700:Pangaea
665:uranium
628:in the
525:in the
507:-oh-ar-
407:Erathem
254:←
233:←
148:–
138:–
128:–
118:–
108:–
98:–
52:Archean
1657:
955:
897:7 July
800:
792:
689:Hearne
663:, and
599:copper
582:comets
416:Formal
340:Formal
223:
798:S2CID
632:era.
535:Earth
362:Earth
263:forms
953:ISSN
899:2024
849:2023
809:2023
790:ISSN
706:and
694:The
687:and
681:Nuna
661:gold
454:The
448:1991
432:1991
59:Had.
38:Pha.
945:doi
933:232
886:hdl
878:doi
874:286
838:doi
780:hdl
770:doi
758:209
685:Rae
605:.
523:era
511:-Ιn
509:KEE
505:NEE
480:ΙΛr
397:Era
373:ICS
1718::
1673:Ga
1669:Ma
1665:ka
951:.
943:.
927:.
907:^
884:.
872:.
866:.
834:44
832:.
826:.
796:.
788:.
778:.
768:.
756:.
750:.
734:^
659:,
580:,
489:iΛ
474:oΚ
471:iΛ
174:a
172:e
170:h
168:c
166:r
164:A
31:Ma
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
1001:e
994:t
987:v
959:.
947::
939::
888::
880::
851:.
840::
811:.
782::
772::
764::
498:/
495:n
492:Ι
486:k
483:Λ
477:.
468:n
465:Λ
462:/
458:(
375:)
187:β
176:n
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