563:. He makes war and destroys the poet's stronghold, killing his son Leat (Keating has it that Laidchenn was a druid, and that Eochaid killed his son after he used defamatory language towards him). Laidchenn responds by satirising Leinster so that no corn, grass or leaves grow there for a year. Then Niall makes war against Leinster, and peace is concluded on the condition that Eochaid is handed over. Niall chains Eochaid to a standing stone, and sends nine warriors to execute him, but Eochaid breaks his chain and kills all nine of them with it. He then kills Laidchenn by throwing a stone which lodges in his forehead. Niall exiles him to Scotland. The story then becomes confusing. Niall makes war in Europe as far as the Alps, and the Romans send an ambassador to parlay with him. Abruptly, the tale then has Niall appearing before an assembly of
317:
and under the leader
Teutovalos Teachtmhar overthrew the kingship of the Lagini at Tara around AD 300. As the Celtic language in Ireland transformed into Irish between AD 400â500, Venii became FĂ©ni, and were also known to have called themselves GaĂdhil (from Common Celtic *wÄdelos, Brythonic gwddel, Goidelic *wÄdus to Old Irish GoĂdelâmeaning savage woodsman, wild, raider). The Primitive Irish Vendo is a cognate with Finn, and the Fianna were landless, aristocratic young men and women who had not yet come into their inheritance of land. Niall, the son of Ivocatus Magumedonus ('Eochaidh the Slave-ruler'), came to lead the Connachta in the fifth century AD.
36:
113:
432:, Sithchenn, who devises a contest between the brothers, shutting them in a burning forge, telling them to save what they can, and judging them based on which objects they choose to save. Niall, who emerges carrying an anvil, is deemed greater than BriĂłn, with a sledgehammer, Fiachrae with bellows and a pail of beer, Ailill with a chest of weapons, and Fergus with a bundle of wood. Mongfind refuses to accept the decision.
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releases
Fiachrae, who becomes king of Connacht and Niall's right-hand man. Fiachrae and Ailill then make war against Crimthann's son Eochaid, king of Munster. They defeat him and win great spoils, but Fiachrae is wounded in the battle and dies of his wounds shortly afterwards. The Munstermen renew the battle, capture Ailill and cut him to pieces, and war continues between Munster and Connacht for many years.
799:. The geneticists estimated that about 2â3 million men bear this haplotype. Moore et al. concluded that these men descend from "a single early-medieval progenitor" and implied this was associated with Niall's dynasty. While Moore et al. did not specifically state that Niall was the progenitor of M222, journalists quickly jumped to that conclusion. According to the PBS documentary series
2455:
495:
peace between her brother and her sons, holds a feast, at which she serves
Crimthann a poisoned drink. Crimthann refuses to drink it unless she does too; they both drink, and both die. Niall succeeds to the High Kingship, and BriĂłn becomes his second in command. Another version has Mongfind try to poison Niall, but she takes the poison herself by mistake.
316:
The southern Venii came to be known as the
Eoghanacht, while another group of them migrated north and formed a new kingdom west of the River Shannon where they became known as the Connachta after a revered leader named Conn. These Connachta later extended their power eastward into the plain of Meath,
270:
However, the early annals record the activities of his sons between 429 and 516, an implausibly long period for a single generation, leading scholars like
Kathleen Hughes and Francis J. Byrne to conclude that the events of the later half of the 5th century have been extended backwards to accommodate
836:
Perhaps even more problematic is the dearth of M222 lineages in
Midlands samples. We would expect to find a large concentration of Niall's descendants there, as the Southern UĂ NĂ©ill were dominant in that region, but we do not. Because of that, the identification of M222 with Niall's descendants is
832:
This suggestion is no longer plausible. Niall does not have verifiable remains that can be tested. Furthermore, the paper examined only 17 STR loci, which are not a reliable means of verifying descent, as SNPs, which define haplogroups and subclades, would be. Indeed, more recent estimates indicate
768:
As next-generation sequencing has become available, various chief lines have been tested. Although these studies are not coordinated with each other and are ongoing, it is already apparent that not all of these lineages are related to each other within Niall's timeframe. For instance, the chiefs of
439:
guarded by a hideous hag who demands a kiss in return for water. Fergus and Ailill refuse and return empty-handed. Fiachrae gives her a quick peck, but not enough to satisfy her. Only Niall kisses her properly, and she is revealed as a beautiful maiden, the
Sovereignty of Ireland. She grants Niall
498:
While Niall is the high king, his brothers establish themselves as local kings. BriĂłn rules the province of
Connacht, but Fiachrae makes war against him. BriĂłn defeats Fiachrae and hands him over as a prisoner to Niall, but Fiachrae's son Nath Ă continues the war and eventually kills BriĂłn. Niall
308:
Professor DĂĄithĂ Ă hĂgĂĄin seems to indicate that Niall was probably a descendant of the
Gaulish seafaring tribe of the Veneti, who originated in south-east Armorica (modern Brittany, France). Some of these sailors probably migrated to Cornwall, and later to south-eastern Ireland where they became
494:
In another story, the succession is not settled when
Eochaid dies, and Mongfind's brother Crimthann takes the high kingship. But while he is away on a tour of his lands in Scotland, Mongfind's sons seize Ireland. Crimthann returns to Ireland intending to give battle. Mongfind, purporting to make
416:, and that it is plausible that she might have been a Romano-Briton. Keating describes her not as a Saxon but as the "daughter of the king of Britain". Mongfind appears to have been a supernatural personage: the saga "The Death of Crimthann mac Fidaig" says the festival of
833:
that the R1b-M222 subclade marked by the Moore et al. haplotype probably originated in the 2nd millennium BC, long before Niall is claimed to have lived, so his descendants would only represent a minority of men in this group even if Niall had been a historical figure.
282:. However, the traditional roll of kings and its chronology is now recognised as artificial. The High Kingship did not become a reality until the 9th century, and Niall's status has probably been inflated in line with the political importance of the dynasty he founded.
547:
when this happened. Keating, quoting a Latin Life of Saint Patrick, says that Niall led Irish raids on Roman Britain, and in one of those raids Patrick and his sisters were abducted. Keating associates these raids with those mentioned by
345:(1634), and legendary tales like the 11th-century "The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon" and "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages". These sources date from long after Niall's time and they have little to no value as history.
275:, with the effect of pushing Niall back up to half a century. Hughes says "Niall himself must have died not before the middle of the fifth century". Byrne, following James Carney, is a little more precise, dating his death to c. 452.
590:
Byrne suggests that Niall's death took place during a raid on Roman Britain. Irish tradition had forgotten that the Romans once ruled Britain, and relocated his remembered confrontations with the Empire to continental Europe, with
791:
found that 21 per cent of men from north-western Ireland, 8 per cent from all of Ireland, a substantial percentage of men from western and central Scotland, and about 2 per cent of men from New York bore the same
571:
during his European campaign. His men carry his body home, fighting seven battles on the way, and his foster-father Torna dies of grief. His body is said to have been buried at Ochann, now known as
2658:
Howard, W.E. and McLaughlin, J.D., 2011. âA dated phylogenetic tree of M222 SNP haplotypes: exploring the DNA of Irish and Scottish surnames and possible ties to Niall and the UĂ NĂ©ill kindredâ,
2686:"Interlaced scholarship: genealogies and genetics in twenty-first century Ireland" in: Duffy, SeĂĄn (ed.), Princes, prelates and poets in medieval Ireland: essays in honour of Katharine Simms
397:. She gives birth as she is drawing water, but out of fear of Mongfind, she leaves the child on the ground, exposed to the birds. The baby is rescued and brought up by a poet called
440:
not only water but the kingship for many generationsâtwenty-six of his descendants will be High Kings of Ireland. Fiachrae is granted a minor royal lineâtwo of his descendants,
567:
bards in Scotland, where he is killed by an arrow shot by Eochaid from the other side of the valley. Keating has Eochaid shoot Niall from the opposite bank of the river
885:. Keating says that he received five from the five provinces of Ireland, and four from Scotland. O'Rahilly suggests that the nine hostages were from the kingdom of the
4027:
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2605:
607:
credits Niall with seven raids on Britain, on the last of which he was killed by Eochaid "above the surf of the Ictian Sea"; a poem attributed to the same poet in
2611:
3094:
3099:
477:
428:
Seeing Niall's popularity among the nobles, Mongfind demands that Eochaid name a successor, hoping it will be one of her sons. Eochaid gives the task to a
556:, and deduces that, since some Irish sources say Patrick was abducted from Brittany, that Niall's raids must have extended to continental Europe as well.
435:
Sithchenn takes the brothers to the smith, who makes them weapons, and sends them out hunting. Each brother, in turn, goes looking for water, and finds a
806:
4736:
4726:
535:
is named as Niall's killer in all sources, although the circumstances vary. All sources agree he died outside Ireland. The earliest version of the
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4731:
4531:
4476:
4193:
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4354:
3924:
3114:
3109:
3214:
3104:
777:
Following a 2006 hypothesis by Moore et al. suggesting that his Y chromosomal signature had been discovered, popular science journalists and
229:
and chronicle sources place his reign in the late 4th and early 5th centuries, although modern scholars date him about half a century later.
4374:
2954:
2324:, ed. by John T. Koch and John Carey, Celtic Studies Publications, 1, 4th edn (Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications, 2003), pp. 203â208.
559:
In the saga "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages", Eochaid's enmity with Niall begins when he is refused hospitality by Niall's poet,
57:
4968:
4963:
4516:
4235:
3156:
2841:
2779:
769:
Clan Donald are now known to belong to a branch of Haplogroup R1a, which split from Niall's hypothetical lineage over 20,000 years ago.
4526:
3052:
2907:
2561:
2522:
2478:
2169:
2754:
2731:
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301:. O'Rahilly and Byrne argue that the literary sources, though late and garbled, preserve genuine traditions that Niall led raids on
79:
4646:
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4541:
4287:
3931:
4440:
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849:. The saga "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages" says that he received five hostages from the five provinces of Ireland (
4551:
455:" motif appears in myth and folklore throughout the world. Variations of this story are told of the earlier Irish high king
366:
2281:
4812:
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4057:
2998:
Annala Rioghachta Eireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1616
2034:
1628:
825:
all display STR markers consistent with the Irish Modal Haplotype. The series suggested that Niall may have been the most
279:
4953:
4776:
4741:
4716:
4606:
4591:
4481:
3006:(ed. and tr.), "Death of Crimthann son of Fidach, and of Eochaidh MuighmedĂłin's three sons: Brian, Ailill, Fiachra", in
2559:
Moore, LT; McEvoy, B; Cape, E; Simms, K; Bradley1, DG (2006), "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland",
4369:
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Moore, LT; McEvoy, B; Cape, E; Simms, K; Bradley, DG (2006), "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland",
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987:
237:
Niall is presumed, based on the importance of his sons and grandsons, to have been a historical person, but the early
4917:
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4691:
4681:
4611:
4379:
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Stokes, Whitley (ed. and tr.), "Echtra Mac nEchach MuigmedĂłin: The Adventures of the Sons of Eochaid MuigmedĂłin", in
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50:
44:
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4062:
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61:
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889:(literally "hostage-givers"), a satellite state founded by the Ui NĂ©ill's conquests in Ulster, noting that the
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509:
327:
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393:. While Cairenn is pregnant with Niall, the jealous Mongfind forces her to do heavy work, hoping to make her
325:
A biography of Niall can be constructed from sources such as the "Roll of Kings" section of the 11th-century
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4349:
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T. F. O'Rahilly argues that Niall and his sons were responsible for the breakup of the ancient kingdom of
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2013:
1950:
822:
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3392:
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2027:
1801:
1643:
909:
870:
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408:
Although it is anachronistic for Niall's mother to have been a Saxon, O'Rahilly argues that the name
382:
243:
103:
781:
companies began promoting the theory that millions alive today have an unbroken descent from Niall.
599:, the Alps, or being understood with its later meaning of Scotland. A poem by the 11th-century poet
4711:
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1929:
1673:
1207:
710:
690:
622:
514:
358:
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900:") says that the only duty of the Airgialla to the King of Ireland was to give him nine hostages.
758:
678:
658:
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4359:
4160:
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3234:
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2322:
The Celtic Heroic Age: Literary Sources for Ancient Celtic Europe & Early Ireland & Wales
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249:
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420:
was commonly called the "Festival of Mongfind", and prayers were offered to her on Samhain eve.
309:
known as the Venii and grew in power. They worshipped a ram god and sometimes called themselves
353:
A legendary account of Niall's birth and early life is given in the possibly 11th-century tale
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3060:(ed. and tr.), "Aided Chrimthaind Maic Fhidaig: The Death of Crimthann mac Fidaig", in
3023:
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654:
398:
294:
218:
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Keating credits Niall with two wives: Inne, daughter of Lugaid, who bore him one son,
4932:
4838:
4445:
3840:
3750:
3657:
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Moore, Laoise T., Brian McEvoy, Eleanor Cape, Katharine Simms and Daniel G. Bradley,
2802:
1620:
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362:
272:
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O'Grady, Standish H. (ed. and tr.), "The Story of Eochaidh MuighmedĂłin's Sons", in
2812:
2185:
Kathleen Hughes, "The church in Irish society, 400â800, in DĂĄibhĂ Ă CrĂłinĂn (ed.),
793:
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452:
402:
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238:
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298:
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814:
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dynasty, LĂłegaire (the king who Saint Patrick is said to have converted) of the
445:
394:
313:('spear-men'), possibly to compete in propaganda with the Lagini ('lance-men').
4623:
4261:
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2301:
818:
784:
714:
482:
436:
128:
2833:
Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c. 1100â1600: A Cultural Landscape Study
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17:
217:, was a legendary, semi-historical Irish king who was the ancestor of the
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3795:
3730:
3725:
3700:
3652:
3582:
3249:
3224:
3219:
1446:
1292:
858:
854:
689:, and Coirpre of the Cenél Coirpri, making up the southern Uà Néill. The
544:
518:
374:
370:
201:
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862:
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417:
386:
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222:
210:
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882:
874:
850:
549:
472:
3010:
Williams and Norgate. 1892. pp. 373â378. (also available here
2574:
2491:
4022:
3312:
3000:. 7 vols. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin. 1848â51. 2nd edition, 1856.
2870:. 4 Vols. London: David Nutt for the Irish Texts Society. 1902â14.
576:
568:
429:
286:
3790:
564:
553:
4175:
3138:
2988:
A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Vol. 1
2122:"Was Niall of the Nine Hostages a real person? â SidmartinBio"
29:
2973:. University College, Cork: Corpus of Electronic Texts. 1997.
2187:
A New History of Ireland Vol I: Prehistoric and Early Ireland
3134:
845:
There are various versions of how Niall gained his epithet
3095:
Aided Chrimthainn meic Fhidaig 7 TrĂ Mac Echach MuigmedĂłin
697:. Famous descendants include Niall's great-great-grandson
357:("The adventure of the sons of Eochaid MugmedĂłn"). In it,
2945:"A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland."
749:, ĂnrothĂĄn Ua NĂ©ill/Anrothan O'Neill, son of Ăed, son of
653:. These sons are the eponymous ancestors of the various
2807:
Vanishing Kingdoms: The Irish Chiefs and their Families
3089:
2672:
https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-M222/story
225:
from the 6th to the 10th centuries. Historical Irish
2940:. Halle/Saale, Max Niemeyer. 1912. pp. 291â338.
2866:, with David Comyn and Patrick S. Dinneen (trans.),
595:, the ancient name for Britain, being confused with
4857:
4831:
4798:
4620:
4464:
4408:
4332:
4209:
4013:
3982:
3941:
3909:
3763:
3676:
3573:
3521:
3510:
3421:
3381:
3370:
3298:
3190:
3181:
3172:
2523:âThe genetic imprint of Niall of the Nine Hostagesâ
2164:, Second Edition, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001,
2081:, a human pledge or hostage; the possessive suffix
337:, compiled in the 17th-century, chronicles such as
180:
170:
147:
137:
127:
119:
96:
2957:CenĂ©l Conaill and the Donegal Kingdoms, AD 500â800
2819:. Oxford. 1946. (Four Courts Press edition, 1995.)
2456:"Show Somerled People | Clan Donald USA, Inc"
2395:Tom Peete Cross & Clark Harris Slover (eds.),
2300:Tom Peete Cross & Clark Harris Slover (eds.),
259:dates his reign to 379â405, and the chronology of
3090:eDIL: electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
2798:. Henry Holt and Company. 1936. pp. 508â513.
665:, making up the northern UĂ NĂ©ill; Fiachu of the
463:âone of the most famous versions appears in both
361:, the High King of Ireland, had five sons: four,
2792:"The Adventures of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon"
2302:"The Adventures of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon"
613:credits him with going to the Alps seven times.
4028:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
271:as early a date as possible for the arrival of
3040:. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1946.
2541:"If Irish Claim Nobility, Science May Approve"
745:all claim descent from an Irish prince of the
4187:
3150:
3020:Williams and Norgate. 1892. pp. 368â373.
2917:Irish Families: Their Names, Arms and Origins
2612:National Center for Biotechnology Information
2272:, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1946
543:, later versions add that Niall was invading
8:
2895:. 5 volumes or single ebook. ABC-CLIO. 2006.
2858:A Social History of Ancient Ireland, Vol. II
2688:. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 18â31.
2379:R.A. Stewart MacAlister (ed. & trans.),
2362:
2360:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2189:, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 306â308
527:or cow-tribute first imposed on Leinster by
2934:"The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories"
2854:A Social History of Ancient Ireland, Vol. I
2604:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2091:, Compact Edition, 1990, pp. 360, 479â480;
693:claims descent from the Southern branch of
478:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle
4194:
4180:
4172:
3518:
3378:
3187:
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2919:. Irish Academic Press. 4th edition, 1998.
2868:The History of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating
2264:
2262:
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2021:
1992:
111:
93:
2893:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
2875:The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland
2582:
2499:
2397:"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages"
2383:Part V, Irish Texts Society, 1956, p. 349
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
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385:; and a fifth, Niall, by his second wife
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
3076:The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature
3074:Welch, Robert (ed.) with Bruce Stewart,
3045:Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition
2391:
2389:
2181:
2179:
2177:
625:; and Rignach, who bore him seven sons,
405:and rescues his mother from her labour.
389:, daughter of Sachell Balb, king of the
43:This article includes a list of general
2962:Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
2623:Finding your Roots PBS January 12, 2016
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2067:
2948:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2938:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Celtische Philologie 8
2597:
2339:"The Death of Crimthann son of Fidach"
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513:says there was war between Niall and
7:
575:at Jordanstown, a few miles west of
401:. When Niall grows up he returns to
289:and the creation of the kingdoms of
3925:The Pursuit of Diarmuid and GrĂĄinne
2980:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. 1972.
2926:. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. 1972.
2660:Familia: Ulster Genealogical Review
765:in the 11th century and died 1036.
725:; the MacSorleys of Monydrain, (of
297:, and the satellite kingdom of the
278:Niall is placed in the traditional
247:date his death before 382, and the
2706:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
2562:American Journal of Human Genetics
2539:Wade, Nicholas (18 January 2006),
2479:American Journal of Human Genetics
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3038:Early Irish History and Mythology
2824:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
2270:Early Irish History and Mythology
202:[ËnÍÊČiËalÍnÍoiËÉŁÊČiËalÍÉx]
4913:
4912:
4156:
4155:
3078:. Oxford University Press. 1996.
2990:. Oxford University Press. 2005.
2971:Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502
2900:A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
2877:. Oxford University Press. 2001.
2860:. Longmans, Green, and Co. 1903.
2790:and Clark Harris Slover (eds.),
2412:Edward Gwynn (ed. & trans),
2088:Dictionary of the Irish Language
583:. He is succeeded by his nephew
34:
3130:Echtra mac nEchach bibliography
2830:FitzPatrick, Elizabeth (2004),
2809:. Dublin: Lilliput Press. 2004.
539:says Eochaid killed him on the
412:is derived from the Latin name
4647:Muirchertach Ceannfada O'Neill
4288:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
3932:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
2880:Joynt, Maud (ed. & tr.), "
2774:, Cambridge University Press,
2529:, Aoife McLysaght, 24 Apr 2014
2368:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
373:and Fergus, by his first wife
1:
4058:List of High Kings of Ireland
3100:Echtra Mac nEchach MuigmedĂłin
2749:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
2708:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
280:list of High Kings of Ireland
4492:Niall MĂłr mac Aodha Reamhair
4375:MĂĄel DĂșin mac MĂĄele Fithrich
3047:. Palgrave Macmillan. 1996.
3030:. Dublin. 5th edition, 1892.
2950:78 (February 2006): 334â338.
2882:Echtra Mac Echdach MugmedĂłin
2724:Burke's Irish family records
2099:, 1946, p. 220). Also spelt
681:, Conall Cremthainne of the
355:Echtra mac nEchach MuimedĂłin
3836:Conn of the Hundred Battles
2726:, London: Burke's Peerage,
2634:"Dubious commercial claims"
2320:, trans. by John Carey, in
305:, and perhaps died on one.
4995:
4969:5th-century Irish monarchs
4964:4th-century Irish monarchs
4355:Muirchertach mac Muiredaig
4340:Niall of the Nine Hostages
4242:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
4133:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
3881:Niall of the Nine Hostages
2978:Ireland before the Normans
2955:Book Review: Brian Lacey,
2924:Ireland before the Vikings
2746:Irish Kings and High-Kings
2704:Bhreathnach, Edel (2005),
2200:Annals of the Four Masters
2162:Irish Kings and High-Kings
727:Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg
334:Annals of the Four Masters
256:Annals of the Four Masters
241:say little about him. The
215:Niall of the Nine Hostages
4908:
4777:Jorge Torlades O'Neill II
4607:Turlough Luineach O'Neill
4592:Turlough MacShane O'Neill
4151:
3115:Baile Chuinn CĂ©tchathaigh
3071:. 1903. pp. 190â207.
3064:. 1903. pp. 172â189.
2684:Swift, Catherine (2013).
2674:Accessed 11 October 2023.
2418:The Metrical Dindshenchas
2049:
2032:
2024:
2010:
2003:
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1008:
1006:
1002:
971:
969:
938:
936:
661:and Conall Gulban of the
221:dynasties that dominated
110:
101:
4772:Jorge Torlades O'Neill I
4692:Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill
4682:Brian Ballagh II O'Neill
3110:Orcuin NĂ©ill NoĂgĂallaig
2994:John O'Donovan (scholar)
837:"difficult to justify".
657:dynasties: EĂłgan of the
377:, sister of the king of
4782:Hugo José Jorge O'Neill
4597:Phelim MacShane O'Neill
4557:Cormac MacBaron O'Neill
4314:Irish Rebellion of 1641
3771:Ăengus Tuirmech Temrach
3105:Aided NĂ©ill NoĂgĂallaig
2922:Mac Niocaill, GearĂłid,
2817:The Cycles of the Kings
2772:Early Christian Ireland
2768:Charles-Edwards, Thomas
2722:Burke, Bernard (1976),
2442:
2438:
2352:The Cycles of the Kings
829:male in Irish history.
821:, and the show's host,
761:, who left Ireland for
485:'s Middle English poem
469:The Wife of Bath's Tale
64:more precise citations.
4702:Brian McPhelim O'Neill
4582:Henry MacShane O'Neill
4456:Niall Culanach O'Neill
4441:Ăed in MacĂĄem TĂłinlesc
4436:Flaithbertach Ua NĂ©ill
4421:Muirchertach mac NĂ©ill
4370:MĂĄel Fithrich mac Ăedo
4319:Irish Confederate Wars
3816:Feradach Finnfechtnach
3004:Standish Hayes O'Grady
2976:Ă CorrĂĄin, Donnchadh,
2763:Thomas Charles-Edwards
2420:Vol 2, 1906, pp. 37â41
2097:A Grammar of Old Irish
2005:King of The Connachta
1921:Muirchertach mac Ercae
891:early Irish legal text
789:Trinity College Dublin
751:Flaithbertach Ua NĂ©ill
617:Family and descendants
448:, will be High Kings.
4959:High Kings of Ireland
4791:Charles Henry O'Neill
4697:Phelim Bacagh O'Neill
4652:Brian Ballagh O'Neill
4587:Conn MacShane O'Neill
4502:Brian Ăg mac NĂ©ill Ăg
4380:Fergal mac MĂĄele DĂșin
3896:RuaidrĂ Ua Conchobair
3125:High Kings of Ireland
2891:Koch, John T. (ed.),
2230:Foras Feasa ar Ăirinn
2014:Amalgaid mac Fiachrae
1951:Diarmait mac Cerbaill
869:), and one each from
841:Origin of his epithet
823:Henry Louis Gates Jr.
773:Y Chromosome Analysis
561:Laidcenn mac Bairchid
343:Foras Feasa ar Ăirinn
265:Foras Feasa ar Ăirinn
233:Historicity and dates
4577:Hugh McShane O'Neill
4572:Brian MacArt O'Neill
4562:Art MacBaron O'Neill
4522:Phelim Caoch O'Neill
4431:Domnall Ua Lochlainn
4350:Muiredach mac EĂłgain
4294:High King of Ireland
4053:Dal Fiachrach Suighe
2953:Ă Canann, TomĂĄs G.,
2850:Patrick Weston Joyce
2341:(translator unknown)
2306:Ancient Irish Tales,
2286:The Celts: A History
2126:www.sidmartinbio.org
2035:High King of Ireland
2028:Crimthann mac Fidaig
1802:Lughaid mac Loeguire
910:High King of Ireland
383:Crimthann mac Fidaig
244:Annals of Inisfallen
104:High King of Ireland
4954:Cycles of the Kings
4787:Jorge Maria O'Neill
4767:José Carlos O'Neill
4662:Hugh Boy II O'Neill
4657:Murtagh Roe O'Neill
4309:Flight of the Earls
4304:Treaty of Mellifont
4138:Flight of the Earls
2967:Donnchadh Ă CorrĂĄin
2873:Foster, Roy (ed.),
2822:Duffy, SeĂĄn (ed.),
2796:Ancient Irish Tales
2741:Byrne, Francis John
2403:, 1936, pp. 514â517
2401:Ancient Irish Tales
2370:, 1998, pp. 305â306
713:, and the Kings of
711:Kings of Tir Eogain
601:CinĂĄed Ua hArtacĂĄin
321:Legendary biography
4979:5th-century deaths
4974:4th-century births
4762:José Maria O'Neill
4737:John Bruce O'Neill
4497:Niall Ăg mac NĂ©ill
4451:Donnell Ăg O'Neill
4360:Domnall Ilchelgach
4324:O'Neill's Regiment
4299:Tyrone's Rebellion
4143:O'Neill's Regiment
3811:Crimthann Nia NĂĄir
3043:Richter, Michael,
2898:MacKillop, James,
2826:. Routledge. 2005.
2640:. 13 February 2019
2546:The New York Times
2381:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
2318:Echtra Mac nEchach
2160:Francis J. Byrne,
1667:Conall Cremthainne
922:Tuathal Teachtmhar
898:The Book of Rights
802:Finding Your Roots
719:Clan Ewen of Otter
647:Conall Cremthainne
510:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
328:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
253:to 411. The later
250:Chronicon Scotorum
4926:
4925:
4687:Niall Oge O'Neill
4672:Niall MĂłr O'Neill
4487:Ăed Remar O'Neill
4472:Niall Roe O'Neill
4333:Early progenitors
4227:Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
4169:
4168:
3891:CrĂnĂĄn of Dunkeld
3856:Cairbre Lifechair
3831:Fedlimid Rechtmar
3806:Lugaid Riab nDerg
3759:
3758:
3569:
3568:
3506:
3505:
3366:
3365:
3069:Revue Celtique 24
3062:Revue Celtique 24
2913:Edward MacLysaght
2836:, Boydell Press,
2366:James MacKillop,
2354:, 1946, pp. 38â41
2308:1936, pp. 508â513
2288:", 2002, pp. 211.
2268:T. F. O'Rahilly,
2093:Rudolf Thurneysen
2059:
2058:
2050:Succeeded by
2020:
2019:
2011:Succeeded by
1991:
1990:
1459:Niall NoĂgĂallach
1175:Cairbre Lifechair
955:Fedlimid Rechtmar
908:Bold indicates a
488:Confessio Amantis
194:Niall NoĂgĂallach
191:
190:
123:c. 405 (27 years)
97:Niall NoĂgĂallach
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
4986:
4916:
4915:
4707:Hugh Oge O'Neill
4632:Hugh Boy O'Neill
4567:Owen Roe O'Neill
4426:Domnall ua NĂ©ill
4282:O'Neill baronets
4277:Viscount O'Neill
4196:
4189:
4182:
4173:
4159:
4158:
3964:Mongavlin Castle
3918:Finn and GrĂĄinne
3876:Eochaid Mugmedon
3866:Muiredach Tirech
3861:FĂacha Sroiptine
3826:TĂșathal Techtmar
3821:FĂachu Finnolach
3528:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
3519:
3379:
3188:
3179:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
2984:DĂĄibhĂ Ă CrĂłinĂn
2902:. Oxford. 1998.
2864:Geoffrey Keating
2846:
2788:Cross, Tom Peete
2784:
2759:
2736:
2718:
2690:
2689:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2586:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2536:
2530:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2503:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2446:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2410:
2404:
2393:
2384:
2377:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2325:
2315:
2309:
2298:
2289:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2226:Geoffrey Keating
2223:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2172:
2158:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2072:
2025:Preceded by
2022:
1999:Eochaid Mugmedon
1996:Preceded by
1993:
1930:Tuathal MĂĄelgarb
1307:Eochaid Mugmedon
1241:Muiredach Tirech
1208:FĂacha Sroiptine
988:Conn CĂ©tchathach
915:
914:
691:O'Higgins family
687:SĂl nĂedo SlĂĄine
605:Book of Leinster
529:Tuathal Techtmar
515:Ănnae Cennsalach
471:and the related
465:Geoffrey Chaucer
461:Arthurian legend
359:Eochaid MugmedĂłn
339:Geoffrey Keating
261:Geoffrey Keating
204:
199:
175:Eochaid Mugmedon
142:Eochaid Mugmedon
115:
94:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4904:
4853:
4844:Tullyhogue Fort
4827:
4808:William Johnson
4800:
4794:
4732:Charles O'Neill
4622:
4616:
4532:Matthew O'Neill
4512:Art Oge O'Neill
4507:Donnell O'Neill
4482:Donnell O'Neill
4460:
4404:
4345:EĂłgan mac NĂ©ill
4328:
4267:Kings of Ulster
4247:Kings of Ailech
4205:
4203:O'Neill dynasty
4200:
4170:
4165:
4147:
4015:
4009:
3978:
3969:Tullyhogue Fort
3937:
3905:
3886:Columba of Iona
3846:Cormac mac Airt
3755:
3672:
3565:
3526:
3513:
3502:
3424:
3417:
3384:
3373:
3362:
3294:
3215:Murtagh O'Conor
3174:
3168:
3163:
3086:
3081:
3028:Irish Pedigrees
2996:(ed. and tr.),
2888:(1910): 91â111.
2844:
2843:978-184383090-0
2829:
2782:
2781:978-052136395-2
2766:
2757:
2739:
2734:
2721:
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2596:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2527:The Irish Times
2520:
2516:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
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2378:
2374:
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2349:
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2337:
2328:
2316:
2312:
2299:
2292:
2282:DĂĄithĂ Ă hĂgĂĄin
2280:
2276:
2267:
2254:
2224:
2209:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2159:
2140:
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2128:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2016:
2007:
2001:
1142:Cormac mac Airt
906:
894:Lebor na gCeart
843:
811:Stephen Colbert
779:genetic testing
775:
747:O'Neill dynasty
735:Clan Maclachlan
717:. The Scottish
707:Kings of Ailech
677:, EĂłgan of the
673:, Maine of the
619:
610:Lebor na hUidre
541:English Channel
505:
426:
387:Cairenn Chasdub
351:
323:
235:
197:
166:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
27:Irish high king
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4992:
4990:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4949:Irish soldiers
4946:
4941:
4931:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
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4892:
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4872:
4867:
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4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4823:Arturo O'Neill
4820:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Carlos O'Neill
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Daniel O'Neill
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
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4612:Arthur O'Neill
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4602:Gordon O'Neill
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3990:Creadran Cille
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3084:External links
3082:
3080:
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3072:
3065:
3058:Whitley Stokes
3055:
3053:978-0312158125
3041:
3034:T.F. O'Rahilly
3031:
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3018:Silva Gadelica
3014:
3008:Silva Gadelica
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2569:(2): 334â338,
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2486:(2): 334â338,
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2350:Myles Dillon,
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683:Clann CholmĂĄin
671:Cenél Lóegaire
667:Cenél Fiachach
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4742:Felix O'Neill
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4642:Henry O'Neill
4640:
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4637:Brian O'Neill
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4555:
4553:
4552:Shane O'Neill
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Brian O'Neill
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4527:Shane O'Neill
4525:
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4503:
4500:
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4477:Brian O'Neill
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4457:
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4416:Niall GlĂșndub
4414:
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4407:
4401:
4400:Ăed Findliath
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
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4381:
4378:
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4371:
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4365:Ăed Uaridnach
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4232:Cenél nEógain
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3841:Art mac Cuinn
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3764:Personalities
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3210:O'Conor Sligo
3208:
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2804:
2803:Walter Curley
2800:
2797:
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2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:1-85182-196-1
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2733:0-85011-018-1
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2680:
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2655:
2652:
2639:
2638:www.ucl.ac.uk
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:Accessed via
2607:
2601:
2594:
2590:
2585:
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2563:
2555:
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2493:
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2472:
2469:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:Sellar (1971)
2440:
2435:
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2423:
2419:
2415:
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2106:
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2101:NoĂ nGiallach
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1931:
1923:
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1621:Conall Gulban
1616:
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1091:Art mac Cuinn
1085:
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1036:
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840:
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816:
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808:
807:Bill O'Reilly
804:
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780:
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759:Cenél nEógain
756:
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721:, Gilchrist;
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:Saint Columba
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:Cenél nEógain
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:Cenél Conaill
660:
659:Cenél nEógain
656:
652:
648:
644:
643:Conall Gulban
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
616:
614:
612:
611:
606:
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586:
582:
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566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
531:. Ănna's son
530:
526:
525:
520:
516:
512:
511:
502:
500:
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492:
490:
489:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
466:
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457:Lugaid LoĂgde
454:
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447:
443:
438:
433:
431:
423:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
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388:
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368:
364:
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356:
348:
346:
344:
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329:
320:
318:
314:
312:
306:
304:
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296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
276:
274:
273:Saint Patrick
268:
266:
262:
258:
257:
252:
251:
246:
245:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
209:"having nine
208:
203:
195:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
162:
159:
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150:
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95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4813:John Johnson
4752:JoĂŁo O'Neill
4747:Conn Ă NĂ©ill
4727:John O'Neill
4722:Rose O'Neill
4712:Neil O'Neill
4677:Hugh O'Neill
4667:Conn O'Neill
4547:Conn O'Neill
4542:Hugh O'Neill
4517:Conn O'Neill
4395:Niall Caille
4390:Ăed Oirdnide
4339:
4286:
4128:Ulster Irish
4103:West Breifne
4098:East Breifne
4048:Ulster Cycle
4043:Fenian Cycle
3954:Hill of Tara
3930:
3923:
3916:
3880:
3776:Ănna Aignech
3546:MacGeoghegan
3300:UĂ Fiachrach
3075:
3068:
3061:
3044:
3037:
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2977:
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2937:
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2892:
2885:
2874:
2832:
2823:
2816:
2813:Myles Dillon
2806:
2795:
2771:
2745:
2723:
2705:
2697:Bibliography
2685:
2679:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2637:
2628:
2619:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2526:
2517:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2450:
2439:Black (2012)
2434:
2425:
2417:
2408:
2400:
2380:
2375:
2367:
2351:
2346:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2305:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2229:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2161:
2129:. Retrieved
2125:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2033:
2004:
1949:
1928:
1919:
1800:
1795:Cormac Caech
1650:
1458:
1305:
1239:
1206:
1173:
1140:
1089:
986:
953:
920:
907:
893:
846:
844:
835:
831:
800:
794:Y-chromosome
783:
776:
767:
739:Clan MacNeil
729:a branch of
620:
608:
596:
592:
589:
581:County Meath
573:Faughan Hill
558:
537:Lebor GabĂĄla
536:
522:
508:
506:
497:
493:
486:
476:
453:loathly lady
450:
434:
427:
409:
407:
354:
352:
342:
332:
326:
324:
315:
310:
307:
291:TĂr Chonaill
284:
277:
269:
267:to 368â395.
264:
254:
248:
242:
239:Irish annals
236:
214:
193:
192:
160:
154:
102:
91:
76:
67:
48:
4944:Irish kings
4818:Guy Johnson
4801:of the Fews
4465:O'Neill Roe
4083:TĂr Eoghain
4038:Heremonians
3949:Rathcroghan
3786:Eochu Airem
3716:O'Concannon
3691:O'Donnellan
3628:O'Mulrooney
3536:O'Melaghlin
3438:MacLoughlin
3408:O'Gallagher
3220:MacGeraghty
3205:O'Conor Roe
3200:O'Conor Don
3120:Irish Kings
3024:John O'Hart
2801:Ambassador
2644:12 November
2429:Byrne 2001
2105:NaĂgiallach
904:Family tree
847:NoĂgĂallach
815:Colin Quinn
785:Geneticists
731:Clan Donald
723:Clan Lamont
715:TĂr Conaill
521:, over the
446:Ailill Molt
295:TĂr Eoghain
138:Predecessor
62:introducing
18:Noigiallach
4933:Categories
4865:McLaughlin
4624:Clandeboye
4446:Aodh MĂ©ith
4262:Clandeboye
4093:Tyrconnell
4088:Clandeboye
4000:Glentaisie
3910:Literature
3871:Colla Uais
3751:Ă Cuindlis
3746:O'Mulconry
3731:O'Mullally
3726:O'Naughton
3721:O'Duigenan
3696:O'Houlihan
3653:O'Hanratty
3638:O'Leighnin
3633:O'Monaghan
3623:MacDonnell
3588:MacCarroll
3575:Clan Colla
3468:O'Donnelly
3448:MacSweeney
3308:MacClellan
3290:O'Sheridan
3285:MacKiernan
3260:O'Flaherty
3235:O'Flanagan
3225:O'Finnerty
2930:Kuno Meyer
2062:References
1629:CenĂ©l Ănda
1627:Endae (of
819:Bill Maher
741:, and the
517:, king of
483:John Gower
349:Early life
227:annalistic
198:pronounced
129:Coronation
45:references
4939:Connachta
4875:McSweeney
4849:Dungannon
4217:Connachta
4073:Fermanagh
4068:AirgĂalla
4033:Milesians
3995:Knockavoe
3741:O'Kearney
3678:UĂ MhĂĄine
3613:MacDonald
3608:McCaffrey
3473:O'Gormley
3398:O'Doherty
3393:O'Donnell
3358:O'Gaughan
3338:MacFirbis
3280:MacGovern
3245:MacDonagh
3240:MacDermot
3192:UĂ BriĂșin
3183:Connachta
3175:and septs
3166:Connachta
2662:, 27, 34.
2131:1 January
2008:?âc. 450
1789:Muirdeach
887:Airgialla
797:haplotype
743:MacSweens
703:MĂĄel Ruba
475:romance,
424:Accession
311:Ghaisonli
299:AirgĂalla
207:Old Irish
70:June 2018
4918:Category
4900:MacManus
4890:MacNamee
4236:Branches
4222:UĂ NĂ©ill
4161:Category
4063:Connacht
4016:articles
3796:Findemna
3711:O'Cleary
3706:O'Downey
3701:O'Madden
3668:O'Garvey
3658:O'Hanlon
3648:O'Boylan
3603:MacManus
3598:MacGuire
3593:MacMahon
3561:MacAuley
3551:O'Higgin
3541:O'Molloy
3514:UĂ NĂ©ill
3512:Southern
3493:O'Hamill
3478:O'Lunney
3374:UĂ NĂ©ill
3372:Northern
3348:O'Carney
3328:O'Cahill
3318:O'Cleary
3275:O'Malley
3270:O'Reilly
3265:O'Rourke
3255:O'Beirne
3250:MacManus
3173:Kindreds
2770:(2007),
2743:(2001),
2600:citation
2593:16358217
2510:16358217
2204:M378-405
2077:, nine;
2047:378â405
1652:LĂłegaire
1447:Fiachrae
1293:Mongfind
881:and the
871:Scotland
859:Leinster
855:Connacht
701:, Saint
695:UĂ NĂ©ill
685:and the
675:UĂ Maine
655:UĂ NĂ©ill
627:LĂłegaire
545:Brittany
519:Leinster
481:âand in
395:miscarry
375:Mongfind
371:Fiachrae
219:UĂ NĂ©ill
211:hostages
4885:MacNeil
4858:Kinsmen
4799:O'Neill
4621:O'Neill
4409:O'Neill
4210:General
4113:Uisnech
4014:Related
4005:Kinsale
3983:Battles
3851:GrĂĄinne
3801:Clothru
3736:MacEgan
3686:O'Kelly
3663:O'Rogan
3643:O'Heany
3618:MacRory
3583:MacCann
3556:MacCary
3498:MacCaul
3488:O'Quinn
3483:O'Hagan
3463:O'Cahan
3458:MacEwen
3443:MacNeil
3433:O'Neill
3425:nEĂłgain
3413:Dunkeld
3403:O'Boyle
3385:Conaill
3353:O'Towey
3343:O'Coyne
3313:O'Heyne
3230:O'Teige
2986:(ed.),
2969:(ed.),
2932:(ed.),
2584:1380239
2501:1380239
2461:16 July
2414:"Ochan"
2042:368â395
1644:Coirpre
1322:Cairenn
879:Britons
863:Munster
763:Kintyre
651:Coirpre
603:in the
565:Pictish
533:Eochaid
418:Samhain
410:Cairenn
379:Munster
303:Britain
223:Ireland
213:"), or
187:Chasdub
185:Cairenn
157:Rignach
58:improve
4895:Conway
4880:Devlin
4870:Barron
4832:Places
4252:Tyrone
4078:Ailech
3942:Places
3453:Lamont
3423:Cenél
3383:Cenél
3333:O'Dowd
3051:
2906:
2886:Ăriu 4
2884:", in
2840:
2778:
2753:
2730:
2712:
2591:
2581:
2508:
2498:
2168:
2053:Nath Ă
1819:Ardgal
1674:Fiachu
1465:Fergus
1453:Ailill
883:Franks
877:, the
875:Saxons
873:, the
851:Ulster
827:fecund
709:, the
705:, the
623:Fiachu
585:Nath Ă
550:Gildas
524:bĂłrama
473:Gawain
451:This "
442:Nath Ă
414:Carina
391:Saxons
367:Ailill
331:, the
287:Ulster
181:Mother
171:Father
148:Spouse
47:, but
4256:Kings
4118:Brega
4023:Gaels
2936:, in
2794:, in
2521:e.g.
2079:gĂall
1660:Måiné
1637:Eogan
1440:BriĂłn
867:Meath
639:EĂłgan
635:Maine
631:Ăndae
577:Navan
569:Loire
503:Death
459:, in
430:druid
399:Torna
363:BriĂłn
163:Indiu
120:Reign
4108:Mide
3791:Medb
3049:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2856:and
2838:ISBN
2776:ISBN
2751:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2646:2019
2606:link
2589:PMID
2506:PMID
2463:2021
2241:1.50
2237:1.49
2233:1.48
2166:ISBN
2133:2022
2083:-ach
865:and
757:and
649:and
597:Elpa
593:Alba
554:Bede
552:and
507:The
444:and
437:well
403:Tara
293:and
133:Tara
3525:and
2579:PMC
2571:doi
2496:PMC
2488:doi
2284:, "
2111:etc
2075:noĂ
2045:AFM
2040:FFE
1113:Son
1108:Son
1103:Son
1098:Son
787:at
733:);
579:in
467:'s
341:'s
263:'s
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