855:. However, her efforts did not succeed. She ordered Prince Khurram to march for Kandahar, but he refused. As a result of Prince Khurram's refusal to obey Nur Jahan's orders, Kandahar was lost to the Persians after a forty-five-day siege. Prince Khurram feared that in his absence Nur Jahan would attempt to poison his father against him and convince Jahangir to name Shahryar the heir in his place. This fear brought Prince Khurram to rebel against his father rather than fight against the Persians. In 1622 Prince Khurram raised an army and marched against his father and Nur Jahan. The rebellion was quelled by Jahangir's forces and the prince was forced to surrender unconditionally. Although he was forgiven for his errors in 1626, tensions between Nur Jahan and her stepson would continue to grow underneath the surface.
807:. The rebel leader Mahabat Khan had hoped to stage a coup against Jahangir. Riding into battle atop a war elephant, Nur Jahan intervened herself to get her husband released. She ordered the ministers to organize an attack on the enemy in order to rescue the Emperor; she would lead one of the units by administering commands from on top of a war elephant. During the battle Nur Jahan's mount was hit and the soldiers of the imperial army fell at her feet. Realizing her plan had failed Nur Jahan surrendered to Mahabat Khan and was placed in captivity with her husband. Unfortunately for the rebels, Mahabat Khan failed to recognize the creativity and intellect of Nur Jahan as she soon was able to organize an escape and raise an army right under his very nose. Shortly after being rescued, Jahangir died on 28 October 1627.
735:, decidedly not a very high post. In addition, both her father and one of her brothers were surrounded by scandal as the former was accused of embezzlement and the latter of treason. Her fortunes took a turn for the better when she married Jahangir. The Mughal state gave absolute power to the emperor, and those who exercised influence over the emperor gained immense influence and prestige. Nur Jahan was able to convince her husband to pardon her father and appoint him Prime Minister. To consolidate her position and power within the Empire, Nur Jahan placed various members of her family in high positions throughout the court and administrative offices. Her brother Asaf Khan was appointed grand
460:) were forced to take turns riding on the backs of the animals for the remainder of their journey. When the family arrived in Kandahar, Asmat Begum gave birth to their second daughter. The family was so impoverished they feared they would be unable to take care of the newborn baby. Fortunately, the family was taken in by a caravan led by the merchant noble Malik Masud, who would later assist Ghiyas Beg in finding a position in the service of Emperor Akbar. Believing that the child had signaled a change in the family's fate, she was named Mehr-un-Nissa or ‘Sun among Women’. Her father Ghiyas Beg began his career in India, after being given a mansab of 300 in 1577. Thereafter he was appointed
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594:, who had been one of the chief wives of the late Emperor Akbar. Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afgan before his death, his family would be in certain danger with him gone from those seeking to avenge Qutbuddin's murder. For her protection, then, Nur Jahan needed to be at the Mughal court in Agra, she was brought back in honour (presumably because of her father's position at court) was clear from her new post with Ruqaiya Sultan Begum. It was under Ruqaiya's care that Nur Jahan was able to spend time with her parents and occasionally visit the apartments where the emperor's women lived.
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twentieth and last legal wife. According to some accounts they had two children, while others report the couple remained childless. Incomplete records and
Jahangir's abundant number of children, obscure efforts to distinguish individual identities and maternity. This confusion is shown by later sources mistakenly identifying Nur Jahan as the mother of
917:, which she had built herself. Upon her tomb is inscribed the epitaph "On the grave of this poor stranger, let there be neither lamp nor rose. Let neither butterfly’s wing burn nor nightingale sing". Her brother Asaf Khan's tomb is also located nearby. Her daughter, Ladli Begum was buried beside her in her mausoleum after her death.
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According to the Dutch traveller
Pelaert her patronage of architecture was extensive, as he notes, "She erects very expensive buildings in all directions- "sarais", or halting places for travellers and merchants, and pleasure gardens and palaces such that no one has seen before" (Pelsaert, pp 50). In
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by
Jahangir and Prince Shahryar who was backed by Nur Jahan being her son-in-law. Jahangir's eldest son Khusrau had rebelled against the Emperor, was partially blinded as a result and was later killed by Prince Khurram during an uprising in Deccan. Jahangir's second son, Parviz, was weak and addicted
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Nur Jahan and
Jahangir have been the subject of much interest over the centuries and there are innumerable legends and stories about their relationship. Many stories allege an early affection between Nur Jahan and Emperor Jahangir before Nur Jahan's first marriage in 1594. One variation recounts that
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and alcohol made it easier for Nur Jahan to exert her influence. His trust in her was so great that he gave her the highest symbol of power and determination of the decrees of the empire – his imperial seal, implying that her perusal and consent were necessary before any document or order received
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has been generally attributed to Nur Jahan. The tomb took six years to finish (1622-1628), and was built at an enormous cost. It was built in
Itimadaduddaula's own garden, on the eastern bank of the Yamuna across from Agra. The building is square measuring sixty nine feet on each side, with four
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as he was the favorite of common people who desperately wanted to see him on the throne and was highly backed by the revered people of the Mughal Court owing to his exceptional capabilities and talent. However, the Prince in an effort to uphold the fidelity to his chief wife refused the marriage
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under Prince Salim, Ali Quli
Istajlu was bestowed the title of Sher Afgan or "Tiger Tosser". Sher Afgan's role in the rout of the Rana of Udaipur inspired this reward, but contemporaries did not record his exact actions. A popular explanation is that Sher Afgan saved Salim from an angry tigress.
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which celebrated the coming of the new year, Jahangir fell in love with her and proposed, and they were married on 25 May of the same year (Wednesday, 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, 1020 AH/ 25 May 1611 AD). Nur Jahan was thirty-four years old at the time of her second marriage and she would be
Jahangir's
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Nur Jahan's administrative skills proved invaluable during her regency as she defended the Empire's borders in her husband's absence and navigated family feuds, rebel uprisings, and a war of succession brought on by the failure of
Jahangir to name an heir before he died on 28 October 1627.
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of arranging Sher Afgan's death because the latter was said to have fallen in love with Nur Jahan and had been denied the right to add her to his harem. The validity of this rumour is uncertain as
Jahangir only married Nur Jahan in 1611, four years after she came to his court. Furthermore,
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contemporary accounts offer few details as to whether or not a love affair existed prior to 1611 and historians have questioned
Jahangir's logic in bestowing honours upon Sher Afgan if he wished to see him removed from the picture. The tomb, still in existence at Purana/Puratan Chawk in
448:, in recognition of his excellent service. For unknown reasons, Ghiyas Beg's family had suffered a reversal in fortunes in 1577 and soon found circumstances in their homeland intolerable. Hoping to improve his family's fortunes, Ghiyas Beg chose to relocate to India where the Emperor
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octagonal towers rising up one at each corner. The central Vault inside the tomb contain the cenotaphs of Itimadduddaula and his wife, Nur Jahan's mother Asmat Begum. The walls in the central chamber are decorated with paintings set in deep niches. According to Vincent Smith the
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to alcohol. Afraid to lose her powers and influence in the Mughal court if Shah Jahan would succeed her husband, she backed her son-in-law, Shahryar Mirza, whom she believed could be easily manipulated thus retaining influence in the Mughal court. She wished for her daughter,
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She was granted an annual amount of 2 lakhs rupees by Shah Jahan. During this period she oversaw the completion of her father's mausoleum in Agra, which she started in 1622 and is now known as Itmad-ud-daulah's tomb. The tomb served as the inspiration for the
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1620, Nur Jahan commissioned a large "sarai" in Jalandhar district twenty-five miles southeast of Sultanpur. It was such an important "sarai" that, according to Shujauddin, " 'Serai Noor Mahal' in local idiom meant some spacious and important edifice."
867:, to become Empress after her. During the first half of the war it appeared as though Shahryar and Nur Jahan might turn out to be the victors; however, the two were thwarted by Nur Jahan's brother, Asaf Khan. Asaf Khan, who was also the father of
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In 1607, Sher Afgan Khan was killed after it was rumoured he had refused to obey a summons from the Governor of Bengal, took part in anti-state activities, and attacked the governor when he came to escort Sher Afgan to court. Some have suspected
468:. Due to his astute skills at conducting business, he quickly rose through the ranks of the high administrative officials. For his excellent work he was awarded the title of Itimad-ud-Daula or ‘Pillar of the State’ by the emperor.
719:, upon his birth in 1616. This new responsibility was given to her due to her high rank, political clout and Jahangir's affection for her. It was also an honour for the empress as Shuja was a special favourite of his grandfather.
549:, the then Mughal Subahdar of Bengal and the foster brother of Jahangir in Burdwan in 1610 AD in which both of them died and were buried there at the tomb of Pir Baharam Sakka (died in 1563). Sher Afgan was probably the appointed
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Nur Jahan was fond of hunting and often went on hunting tours with her husband and was known for her boldness in hunting ferocious tigers. She is reported to have slain four tigers with six bullets during one hunt. According to
835:, had been uneasy from the start. Prince Khurram resented the influence Nur Jahan held over his father and was angered at having to play second fiddle to her favourite Shahryar, his half-brother and her son-in-law. When the
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Nur Jahan served as lady-in-waiting to the Dowager Empress for four years. The relationship that grew between Nur Jahan and Ruqaiya appears to have been an extremely tender one. The Dutch merchant and travel writer
905:, unarguably the zenith of Mughal architecture, the construction of which began in 1632 and which Nur Jahan must have heard about before she died. Nur Jahan died on 17 December 1645 at age 68. She is buried at her
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Halfway along their route the family was attacked by robbers who took from them their remaining meager possessions. Left with only two mules, Ghiyas Beg, his pregnant wife, and their two children (Muhammad Sharif,
871:, sided with Shah Jahan. While Asaf Khan forced Nur Jahan into confinement, Shah Jahan defeated Shahryar's troops and ordered his execution. In 1628, Shah Jahan became the new Mughal emperor.
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Furthermore, to ensure her continued connections to the throne and the influence which she could obtain from it, Nur Jahan arranged for her daughter Ladli to marry Jahangir's youngest son,
703:) five years later in 1616 when they had their first sex. Jahangir's affection and trust in Nur Jahan led to her wielding a great deal of power in affairs of state. Jahangir's addiction to
602:, described their relationship in his Hindustan Chronicle, "This Begum conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa ; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."
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In 1620, Nur Jahan, in order to secure her power in the Mughal court after the decline of her husband, Jahangir's health, offered the marriage proposal of her daughter to the charismatic
1074:(2005) written by Tanushree Poddar, provides an insight into the life and journey of Nur Jahan from being a widow to the Empress and after, as seen from the perspective of her daughter.
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proposal though his wife begged him to accept the proposal and subsequently, this proposal was passed on to Prince Khurram upon whose refusal it was finally passed to and accepted by
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Nur Jahan was put under house arrest by her brother on the orders of new Emperor Shah Jahan and spent the remainder of her life confined in Lahore with her young widowed daughter,
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As a result of his work and promotions, Ghiyas Beg was able to ensure that Mehr-un-Nissa (the future Nur Jahan) would have the best possible education. She became well-versed in
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According to legend, Nur Jahan is purported to have made contributions to almost every type of fine and practical art. In many cases the attributions can be traced back to
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of Itimadadudddaula's tomb was one of the earliest true examples of the technique in India. Nur Jahan also built the Pattar Masjid at Srinagar, and her own tomb at Lahore.
424:. Both of Nur Jahan's parents were descendants of illustrious families – Ghiyas Beg from Muhammad Sharif and Asmat Begum from the Aqa Mulla clan. Her paternal grandfather,
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955:, who according to Ellison Banks Findly, "seems to have been in the business of re-creating Nur Jahan's talents and accomplishments beyond all realistic possibility."
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Besides her parentage and her name, only one thing is certain about Mihr's birth: She entered the world outside Kandahar in the winter of 1577, on the road to India
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746:. This wedding ensured that one way or another, the influence of Nur Jahan's family would extend over the Mughal Empire for at least another generation.
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495:. The poet and author Vidya Dhar Mahajan would later praise Nur Jahan as having a piercing intelligence, a volatile temper and sound common sense.
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Nur Jahan is a prominent character in Alex Rutherford's novel The Tainted Throne which is the fourth book of the Empire of the Moghul series.
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Jahangir died on 28 October 1627 and his death sparked a war of succession between his remaining sons, Prince Khurram who was proclaimed as
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After Sher Afgan's death, Nur Jahan's family was again found in a less than honourable or desired position. Her father was at that time, a
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507:). Sher Afgan was an adventurous Persian who had been forced to flee his home in Persia after the demise of his first master Shah
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523:. As a reward for his loyal service, Akbar arranged Nur Jahan's marriage with Sher Afgan. Their only child together, a daughter,
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Silver rupee coin minted under Jahangir, bearing the name of Nur Jahan. Dated AH 1037, regnal year 22 (1627/1628 CE), minted at
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361:, such as having coinage struck in her name. Her pre-eminence was in part made possible by her husband Jahangir's addiction to
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legal validity. So for many years, she wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne.
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with the affirmation of bringing him back to power. He was the first choice of Nur Jahan for the marriage of her daughter,
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Nur Jahan was very creative and had a good fashion sense, and she is credited for many textile materials and dresses like
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More decisive and proactive than her husband, Nur Jahan is considered by certain historians to have been the real
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In 1594, when Nur Jahan was seventeen years old, she married her first husband Ali Quli Istajlu (also known as
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Carr, K.E. The Mughal Empire – History of India. Quatr.us Study Guides, July 19, 2017. Web. January 11, 2022.
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they were in love when Nur Jahan was seventeen years old, but their relationship was blocked by Emperor
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Religion and Politics in a Global Society Comparative Perspectives from the Portuguese-Speaking World
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527:, popularly known as Ladli Begum, was born in 1605. While participating in a military campaign in
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has written three books revolving around the life of Nur Jahan. The Taj Mahal trilogy includes
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Tensions between Nur Jahan and Jahangir's third son, the crowned Prince Khurram and future
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in Burdwan. This contradicts the fact that Sher Afgan was murdered in the year 1607.
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for more than a decade. Wielding a level of power and influence unprecedented for a
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Queen, Empress, Concubine: Fifty Women Rulers from Cleopatra to Catherine the Great
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besieged Kandahar, Nur Jahan was at the helm of the affairs. She corresponded with
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in present-day West Bengal, says that there was a battle between Sher Afgan and
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2422:"Hollywood actress Charu Shankar to make her television debut - Times of India"
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1971:(5th ed.). Bombay: Taraporevala's Treasure House of Books. p. 100.
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empress, she was granted honours and privileges never enjoyed by any of her
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Chopra, R. M., "Eminent Poetesses of Persian", 2010, Iran Society, Kolkata.
1265:, while Sauyma Setia portrayed the younger version in the previous season.
973:(silver-threaded lace), etc. Nur Jahan is also credited with popularizing
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this feat, inspired a poet to declaim a spontaneous couplet in her honor:
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2080:"Role of Nur Jahan: The Mughal Empress of India. - Free Online Library"
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and was the second daughter and fourth child of the Persian aristocrat
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Iran India relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions"
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Actress Noor portrayed Empress Nur Jahan in Nandlal Jaswantlal's film
586:, were summoned to Agra by Jahangir for their protection and acted as
2391:"The reigning queen of Siyaasat: Charu Shankar on playing Noor Jehan"
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1036:. with an illustration by H. Meadows in Heath's Book of Beauty, 1837.
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In 1626, Emperor Jahangir was captured by rebels while on his way to
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Manuel, Paul Christopher; Lyon, Alynna; Wilcox, Clyde, eds. (2012).
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Notable Mughal and Hindu women in the 16th and 17th centuries A.D.
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Notable Mughal and Hindu women in the 16th and 17th centuries A.D
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847:. Nur Jahan attempted, with the support of the Ottomans and the
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Courting India: England, Mughal India and the Origins of Empire
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essayed the role of the empress in the biographical drama film
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Emperors of the Peacock Throne, The Saga of the Great Mughals
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played the title role of Nur Jahan in the television series
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Nur Jahan is a character in Ruchir Gupta's historical novel
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1638:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 22.
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Jahangir's India, the Remonstrantie of Francisco Pelsaert
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Lady-in-waiting to Ruqaiya Sultan Begum (1607–1611)
2533:. Oxford, UK: Nur Jahan : Empress of Mughal India.
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portrays the role of Mehrunnisa in the second season of
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portrayed Empress Nur Jahan in the 2005 historical film
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In 1611, Nur Jahan met Emperor Jahangir at the palace's
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Landon, Letitia Elizabeth (1836). "picture and story".
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1988:(2nd ed.). Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1930. p.
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portrayed Noor Jahan / Meharunnisa in the 1967 movie
2029:(2nd ed.). Oxford:Clarendon Press. p. 198.
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843:, the most powerful Valide Sultan and regent of the
1817:What'sHerName and Dr. Ruby Lal (19 November 2018).
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66:Idealised portrait of the Mughal Empress Nur Jahan
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1249:and Charu Shankar portrayed Mehrunnissa/Nur Jahan.
2181:. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman.
1358:Empress : The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan
660:princess, was, in reality, Shah Jahan's mother.
582:was killed in 1607, Nur Jahan and her daughter,
339:was the twentieth wife and chief consort of the
2338:"Pooja Batra to miss Taj Mahal premiere in Pak"
1175:Mehrunnissa/Nur Jahan was portrayed by actress
773:
394:), Nur Jahan's place of birth, is now southern
1566:Mohammad Shujauddin, Razia Shujauddin (1967).
1440:
1438:
401:Nur Jahan was born as Mehr-un-Nissa (1577) in
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1559:
1142:portrayed Nur Jahan in the 1931 silent movie
934:Itimaaduddaula died in January 1622, and his
499:Marriage to Sher Afgan Khan (1594–1607)
8:
2568:Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan.
2523:Interview with Nur Jahan biographer Ruby Lal
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2012:
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627:Jahangir and Prince Khurram with Nur Jahan,
570:Nur Jahan holding a portrait of Jahangir by
2506:Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan
2055:Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions
1944:. Cambridge: W.heffer &Sons Ltd., 1925.
1096:, by Eric Flint and Griffin Barber, (2017,
723:Family advancements and consolidating power
711:Jahangir entrusted her with Shah Jahan and
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320:
2529:Banks Findly, Ellison (11 February 1993).
1985:A History of Fine Art in India &Ceylon
1923:
1921:
1425:
1423:
1237:(2015), a historical drama which aired on
60:
38:
2312:"NOOR JEHAN - Meena Kumari, Pradip Kumar"
2027:A History of Fine Art in India&Ceylon
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1068:(1935) is based on the life of Nur Jahan.
777:In the ranks of men she's a tiger-slayer"
2164:. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
1360:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
1012:. in what is termed a light rhapsody in
631:1624. This scene is probably set in the
335:; 31 May 1577 – 18 December 1645), born
1912:
1792:
1663:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 68.
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1307:
875:Later years and death (1628–1645)
795:Portrait of Nur Jahan holding a gun by
30:For other people named Noor Jahan, see
2707:Iranian emigrants to the Mughal Empire
2137:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 297.
1486:Inter-India Publications. p. 67.
1111:Nur Jahan is a character in the novel
775:"Though Nur Jahan be in form a woman,
606:Marriage to Jahangir (1611–1627)
377:Birth and early life (1577–1594)
618:
7:
2110:. Evincepub Publishing. p. 83.
1969:Indian Architecture (Islamic Period)
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1688:. Penguin Books India. p. 299.
1580:
1550:
1506:
1444:
1429:
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1395:
2285:Pandya, Haresh (3 September 2002).
2104:RAWAT, DR SUGANDHA (20 July 2020).
921:Patron of the arts and architecture
750:Administration of the Mughal Empire
2531:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
2458:Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India
2389:Majumdar, Payel (3 January 2015).
1092:Nur Jahan is a major character in
851:, to form a coalition against the
683:) upon their marriage in 1611 and
436:, and later was in the service of
27:Padshah Begum of the Mughal Empire
25:
2692:16th-century Mughal Empire people
2588:(5th ed.). Delhi: S. Chand.
1570:. Caravan Book House. p. 25.
2682:Indian people of Iranian descent
2420:Maheshwril, Neha (2 July 2013).
1568:The Life and Times of Noor Jahan
1210:Taj Mahal: An Eternal Love story
1034:A Scene in the Life of Nourmahal
1028:
1004:
619:Jahangir's proposal and marriage
464:(treasurer) for the province of
432:to Tatar Sultan the governor of
2605:. New Delhi: Inter-India Publ.
2450:Islamic Republic News Agency, "
663:Jahangir gave her the title of
235:
208:
2364:"Girl, you'll be a queen soon"
2131:Das, Nandini (16 March 2023).
1867:Findly, Ellison Books (1993).
1480:Renuka Nath (1 January 1990).
643:during the spring festival of
515:and served under the Emperors
86:10 June 1620 – 28 October 1627
1:
2624:. Dandewal Publishing House.
2428:. No. The Times of India
2224:. Doubleday, Doran & Co.
1108:alternate history hypernovel.
628:
373:and his frequent ill-health.
239:
212:
67:
2272:Taj, a Story of Mughal India
2249:. New Delhi: Rupa & Co.
2178:Heath's Book of Beauty, 1837
1113:Taj, a Story of Mughal India
1094:1636: Mission to the Mughals
1023:Nur Jahan is the subject of
811:Quest for retention of Power
2702:16th-century Iranian people
2677:17th-century Indian Muslims
2460:, by Ellison Banks Findly,
2058:. Gyan Books. p. 223.
1871:. Oxford University Press.
1149:Nur Jahan was portrayed by
969:(silver-threaded brocade),
32:Noor Jahan (disambiguation)
2733:
2697:16th-century Iranian women
2487:. New York: Pocket Books.
2245:Podder, Tanushree (2005).
359:predecessors or successors
29:
2687:16th-century Indian women
2107:THE WOMEN OF MUGHAL HAREM
1634:Tillotson, Giles (2008).
1286:Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah
59:
46:
2622:Nur Jahan and Her Family
2508:. New York: W W Norton.
2052:Mukherjee, Soma (2001).
1025:Letitia Elizabeth Landon
739:(minister) to Jahangir.
2497:Sundaresan, I. (2002).
2483:Sundaresan, I. (2002).
2462:Oxford University Press
2270:Murari, Timeri (2004).
2025:Smith, Vincent (1930).
1982:Smith, Vincent (1930).
1819:"THE EMPRESS Nur Jahan"
1684:Eraly, Abraham (2007).
1201:, directed by M. Sadiq.
351:power behind the throne
2620:Pant, Chandra (1978).
2548:Gold, Claudia (2008).
2158:Moore, Thomas (1817).
2084:www.thefreelibrary.com
1079:Mistress of the Throne
1010:The Light of the Haram
930:Tomb of Itimaaduddaula
890:
800:
785:
763:
715:'s second son, Prince
636:
600:Pieter van den Broecke
575:
511:. He later joined the
426:Khwaja Muhammad Sharif
398:
2601:Nath, Renuka (1990).
2521:(2018). THE EMPRESS:
2519:What'sHerName Podcast
2499:Power behind the veil
2220:Lamb, Harold (1935).
2194:The Taj Mahal Trilogy
1262:Taj: Divided by Blood
1247:Jannat Zubair Rahmani
1197:, a dream project of
962:and fine cloths like
882:
794:
757:
626:
569:
384:
2667:People from Kandahar
2586:Muslim Rule in India
2584:(1970). "Jahangir".
2401:on 15 September 2017
2247:Nur Jahan's daughter
1245:by Indu Sundaresan.
1120:Films and Television
1072:Nur Jahan's Daughter
1064:'s historical novel
592:Ruqaiya Sultan Begum
238: 1611;
211: 1594;
2712:Indian Shia Muslims
2672:Indian women in war
2582:Mahajan, Vidya Dhar
2552:. London: Quercus.
2395:The Sunday Guardian
2342:The Hindustan Times
1179:in M. Sadiq's film
769:Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
678:Light of the Palace
652:. Jahangir's wife,
525:Mihr-un-Nissa Begum
440:, who made him the
409:, into a family of
330:Light of the world
2717:People from Lahore
2566:Lal, Ruby (2018).
2485:The twentieth wife
2426:The Times of India
2370:. 29 February 2000
2368:The Times of India
1356:Lal, Ruby (2018).
1243:The Twentieth Wife
1104:) a volume of the
1052:The Feast of Roses
1048:The Twentieth Wife
993:In popular culture
891:
801:
764:
698:Light of the World
637:
578:After her husband
576:
399:
2662:Wives of Jahangir
2559:978-1-84724-542-7
2477:
2144:978-1-5266-1567-1
2117:978-93-90197-41-5
2065:978-81-212-0760-7
2040:Banks Findly 1993
2013:Banks Findly 1993
1955:Banks Findly 1993
1757:Banks Findly 1993
1745:Banks Findly 1993
1709:Banks Findly 1993
1622:Banks Findly 1993
1610:Banks Findly 1993
1598:Banks Findly 1993
1539:Banks Findly 1993
1522:Banks Findly 1993
1493:978-81-210-0241-7
1457:Banks Findly 1993
1384:Banks Findly 1993
1344:Banks Findly 1993
1229:during 2000–2001.
1115:by Timeri Murari.
986:colored carpeting
884:Tomb of Nur Jahan
557:As Mughal Empress
314:
313:
176:Tomb of Nur Jahan
95:Saliha Banu Begum
16:(Redirected from
2724:
2633:
2616:
2597:
2563:
2544:
2504:Lal, R. (2018).
2473:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2397:. Archived from
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2314:. Archived from
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2197:. Archived from
2189:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1631:
1625:
1624:, pp. 13–16
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1554:
1553:, pp. 71–72
1548:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1312:
1253:Sauraseni Maitra
1239:The EPIC Channel
1032:
1027:'s short sketch
1008:
976:farsh-i-chandani
783:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
630:
418:Mirza Ghiyas Beg
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
289:Mirza Ghiyas Beg
270:Muhammad Sharif
243:
241:
237:
216:
214:
210:
164:Punjab, Pakistan
148:
145:17 December 1645
69:
64:
39:
21:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2619:
2613:
2600:
2580:
2560:
2547:
2541:
2528:
2475:excerpts online
2454:. 2014. irna.ir
2447:
2445:Further reading
2442:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2347:
2345:
2344:. 27 April 2006
2336:
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2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1940:Moreland, W.H.
1939:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
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1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1296:Nurmahali Dress
1276:Achabal Gardens
1272:
1225:which aired on
1126:Patience Cooper
1056:Shadow Princess
1044:Indu Sundaresan
995:
960:nurmahali dress
949:
932:
923:
877:
813:
784:
781:
776:
752:
725:
700:
697:
694:
691:
680:
677:
674:
671:
633:Aram Bagh, Agra
621:
608:
588:lady-in-waiting
564:
559:
547:Qutubuddin Koka
505:Sher Afgan Khan
501:
379:
332:
329:
326:
323:
274:
248:
245:
242: 1627)
233:
229:
226:
218:
215: 1607)
206:
202:
199:
198:
196:Sher Afgan Khan
182:
150:
146:
121:
119:
71:
49:Empress consort
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:External links
2636:
2635:
2634:
2617:
2611:
2598:
2578:
2570:W. W. Norton.
2564:
2558:
2545:
2539:
2526:
2516:
2502:
2495:
2481:
2478:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2412:
2381:
2355:
2329:
2318:on 29 May 2018
2303:
2277:
2262:
2255:
2237:
2231:978-1299983229
2230:
2212:
2201:on 30 May 2018
2184:
2167:
2150:
2143:
2123:
2116:
2096:
2071:
2064:
2044:
2042:, p. 219.
2032:
2017:
2015:, p. 230.
2005:
1998:
1974:
1967:Brown, Percy.
1959:
1957:, p. 229.
1947:
1932:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1884:
1877:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1695:978-0141001432
1694:
1676:
1669:
1651:
1644:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1585:
1573:
1555:
1543:
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1472:
1461:
1449:
1434:
1419:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1366:
1348:
1333:
1322:. 5 March 2020
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:Serai Nurmahal
1278:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1250:
1230:
1214:
1202:
1199:Sheikh Mukhtar
1186:
1173:
1164:
1147:
1137:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1102:978-1481483018
1090:
1087:978-1495214912
1075:
1069:
1059:
1040:
1037:
1021:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
948:
945:
931:
928:
922:
919:
876:
873:
845:Ottoman Empire
826:Shahryar Mirza
812:
809:
779:
751:
748:
724:
721:
620:
617:
607:
604:
563:
560:
558:
555:
500:
497:
428:, was first a
405:, present-day
378:
375:
341:Mughal emperor
312:
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219:
204:
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190:
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172:
168:
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162:(present-day
149:(aged 68)
143:
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116:
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98:
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88:
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24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2729:
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2695:
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2655:
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2649:
2647:
2637:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2612:9788121002417
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:9780393239348
2573:
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2565:
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2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2540:9780195074888
2536:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:9780393239348
2511:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2496:
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2493:9780743427142
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2470:0-19-507488-2
2467:
2463:
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2356:
2343:
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2333:
2330:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2292:
2288:
2287:"Naseem Banu"
2281:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2256:9788129107220
2252:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2233:
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2028:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1999:9788120620049
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1930:, p. 151
1929:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:, p. 141
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
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1878:9780195074888
1874:
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1824:
1823:What'shername
1820:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1795:, p. 140
1794:
1789:
1786:
1783:, p. 150
1782:
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1459:, p. 12.
1458:
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1417:, p. 148
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1217:Gauri Pradhan
1215:
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1211:
1206:
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1190:
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1003:Nur Jahan is
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908:
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337:Mehr-un-Nissa
318:
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160:Mughal Empire
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118:Mehr-un-Nissa
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77:Padshah Begum
74:
63:
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33:
19:
2652:1570s births
2621:
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2585:
2567:
2549:
2530:
2505:
2498:
2484:
2457:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:the original
2394:
2384:
2372:. Retrieved
2367:
2358:
2346:. Retrieved
2341:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2316:the original
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2291:The Guardian
2290:
2280:
2271:
2265:
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2240:
2221:
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2203:. Retrieved
2199:the original
2193:
2187:
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2126:
2106:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2083:
2074:
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2035:
2026:
2020:
2008:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1962:
1950:
1941:
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1913:Mahajan 1970
1908:
1903:, p. 79
1896:
1887:
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1862:
1857:, p. 72
1850:
1845:, p. 83
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
1812:
1807:, p. 27
1800:
1793:Mahajan 1970
1788:
1776:
1771:, p. 73
1764:
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1752:
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1740:
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1600:, p. 32
1583:, p. 45
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1524:, p. 18
1509:, p. 67
1502:
1482:
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1469:Mahajan 1970
1464:
1452:
1447:, p. 66
1398:, p. 64
1391:
1379:
1371:
1357:
1351:
1346:, p. 8.
1324:. Retrieved
1319:
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1232:
1220:
1208:
1192:
1189:Meena Kumari
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1106:Ring of Fire
1105:
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1014:Thomas Moore
987:
979:
975:
970:
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933:
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869:Mumtaz Mahal
857:
841:Kösem Sultan
830:
814:
802:
786:
782:Unknown Poet
774:
765:
741:
733:Amir-ul-Umra
732:
728:
726:
713:Mumtaz Mahal
710:
684:
664:
662:
654:Jagat Gosain
641:Meena Bazaar
638:
609:
596:
577:
534:
502:
470:
461:
454:
441:
438:Shah Tahmasp
429:
400:
389:
348:
336:
316:
315:
278:
271:
156:Lahore Subah
147:(1645-12-17)
105:Mumtaz Mahal
47:
36:
2657:1645 deaths
2161:Lalla Rookh
1612:, p. 4
1432:, p. 4
1386:, p. 9
1316:"Nur Jahan"
1291:Panchtoliya
1259:web series
1227:DD National
1205:Pooja Batra
1155:Sohrab Modi
1151:Naseem Banu
1062:Harold Lamb
1054:(2003) and
1018:Lalla Rookh
982:a style of
964:Panchtoliya
941:pietra dura
895:Ladli Begum
865:Ladli Begum
821:Ladli Begum
797:Abu'l-Hasan
584:Ladli Begum
513:Mughal army
479:languages,
422:Asmat Begum
407:Afghanistan
396:Afghanistan
299:Asmat Begum
259:Ladli Begum
135:Afghanistan
127:Kabul Subah
120:31 May 1577
91:Predecessor
2646:Categories
2464:US. 2000.
2274:. Penguin.
2089:28 January
1302:References
1194:Noor Jahan
1144:Noor Jahan
1134:J.J. Madan
1132:(1923) by
998:Literature
984:sandalwood
953:Khafi Khan
860:Shah Jahan
833:Shah Jahan
717:Shah Shuja
650:Shah Jahan
580:Sher Afgan
485:literature
309:Shia Islam
272:(by birth)
2222:Nur Mahal
1928:Gold 2008
1901:Nath 1990
1869:Nur Jahan
1855:Pant 1978
1843:Nath 1990
1828:7 January
1805:Pant 1978
1781:Gold 2008
1769:Nath 1990
1733:Pant 1978
1721:Nath 1990
1636:Taj Mahal
1581:Pant 1978
1551:Nath 1990
1507:Nath 1990
1445:Nath 1990
1430:Pant 1978
1415:Gold 2008
1396:Nath 1990
1222:Noorjahan
1182:Taj Mahal
1140:Jillo Bai
1066:Nur Mahal
1042:Novelist
903:Taj Mahal
685:Nur Jahan
665:Nur Mahal
572:Bishandas
543:Bardhaman
509:Ismail II
458:Asaf Khan
317:Nur Jahan
101:Successor
53:Hindustan
42:Nur Jahan
18:Noorjehan
2594:33267592
1326:4 August
1320:Wikidata
1270:See also
1234:Siyaasat
1169:Anarkali
1157:'s film
1130:Nurjehan
1050:(2002),
947:Textiles
853:Safavids
837:Persians
780:—
744:Shahryar
538:Jahangir
521:Jahangir
434:Khurasan
414:nobility
403:Kandahar
391:Kandahar
386:Kandahar
344:Jahangir
305:Religion
224:Jahangir
123:Kandahar
2630:4638848
2432:8 March
2405:8 March
2348:8 March
2296:8 March
2205:8 March
1185:(1963).
1172:(1953).
1163:(1939).
1081:(2014,
1058:(2010).
1020:(1817).
805:Kashmir
692:
672:
590:to the
551:faujdar
477:Persian
446:Isfahan
411:Persian
367:alcohol
363:hunting
324:
276:Timurid
244:
232:
228:
217:
205:
201:
2628:
2609:
2592:
2574:
2556:
2537:
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2374:28 May
2322:28 May
2253:
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2114:
2062:
1996:
1875:
1692:
1667:
1642:
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1364:
1257:ZEE5's
1100:
1085:
971:kinari
915:Lahore
849:Uzbeks
731:to an
658:Rajput
645:Nowruz
574:c.1627
473:Arabic
355:Mughal
295:Mother
285:Father
187:Spouse
180:Lahore
171:Burial
152:Lahore
83:Tenure
1177:Veena
1160:Pukar
967:badla
760:Patna
737:Wazir
729:diwan
705:opium
613:Akbar
529:Mewar
517:Akbar
493:dance
489:music
466:Kabul
462:diwan
450:Akbar
442:wazir
430:wazir
371:opium
266:House
254:Issue
234:(
230:
207:(
203:
2626:OCLC
2607:ISBN
2590:OCLC
2572:ISBN
2554:ISBN
2535:ISBN
2510:ISBN
2489:ISBN
2466:ISBN
2434:2017
2407:2017
2376:2018
2350:2017
2324:2018
2298:2017
2251:ISBN
2226:ISBN
2207:2017
2139:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2091:2021
2060:ISBN
1994:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1830:2019
1690:ISBN
1665:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1328:2024
1098:ISBN
1083:ISBN
936:tomb
907:tomb
689:lit.
669:lit.
656:, a
519:and
491:and
475:and
369:and
321:lit.
142:Died
115:Born
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