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Clinical nutrition

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3270: 192:) is the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition. It was introduced in 1994 by the American Dietetic Association to better articulate the nutrition therapy process. It involves the assessment of the nutritional status of the client and the actual treatment, which includes nutrition therapy, counseling, and the use of specialized nutrition supplements, devised and monitored by a medical doctor 3281: 2100: 1606: 1636: 1646: 3301: 3311: 1626: 3882: 3260: 2089: 3291: 1616: 226:
In most cases the use of Medical Nutrition is recommended within international and professional guidelines. It can be an integral part of managing acute and short-term diseases. It can also play a major role in supporting patients for extended periods of time and even for a lifetime in some special
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guide in section 5(b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 U.S.C. 30ee (b) (3)); as "a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional
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Normally, individuals obtain the necessary nutrients their bodies require through normal daily diets that process the foods accordingly within the body. Nevertheless, there are circumstances such as disease, distress, stress, and so on that may prevent the body from obtaining sufficient nutrients
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through diets alone. In such conditions, a dietary supplementation specifically formulated for their individual condition may be required to fill the void created by the specific condition. This can come in form of Medical Nutrition.
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nutritionist (RDN). Registered dietitians started using MNT as a dietary intervention for preventing or treating other health conditions that are caused by or made worse by unhealthy eating habits.
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cases. Medical Nutrition is not meant to replace the treatment of disease but rather complement the normal use of drug therapies prescribed by physicians and other licensed healthcare providers.
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as well as ameliorate the effects any existing conditions such as high cholesterol. Many medical conditions either develop or are made worse by an improper or unhealthy diet.
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Li C, Norstedt G, Hu ZG, Yu P, Li DQ, Li J, Yu Q, Sederholm M, Yu DM. Effects of a macronutrient preload on type 2 diabetic patients, Frontiers in Endocrinology 6:139, 2015
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Sikand G, Kashyap ML, Yang I (August 1998). "Medical nutrition therapy lowers serum cholesterol and saves medication costs in men with hypercholesterolemia".
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or = 5% unintentional weight loss in the past month and/or > or = 10% unintentional weight loss in the past 6 months. By the same system, the patient is
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centers on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional changes in patients linked to chronic diseases and conditions primarily in
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if they met at least one of the following criteria: BMI 20.1–22 kg/m and/or 5-10% unintentional weight loss in the past six months.
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has causes, epidemiology and management distinct from those associated with malnutrition that is mainly related to poverty.
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or dietitian nutritionist (RDN) is to reduce the risk of developing complications in pre-existing conditions such as
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and in private practice, but also inpatients in hospitals. It incorporates primarily the scientific fields of
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There are various definitions of clinical malnutrition. According to one of them, patients are defined as
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Copperman N, Jacobson MS (February 2003). "Medical nutrition therapy of overweight adolescents".
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requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation,"
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A patient may need to follow a strict diet to see benefits while using a medical nutrition plan.
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Some forms of medical nutrition can be very expensive. A poor patient may not afford such.
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in this sense refers to the management of patients, including not only outpatients at
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Nahikian-Nelms, Marcia; Sucher, Kathryn P.; Lacey, Karen (2016).
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Kruizenga HM, de Vet HC, Van Marissing CM, et al. (2010).
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entity to appropriately compensate for causes of malnutrition.
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Medical Foods Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information
50:. Furthermore, clinical nutrition aims to maintain a healthy 831: 826: 803:"Advertising in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition" 274:
The following are some disadvantages of medical nutrition:
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Novaković B, Grujicić M, Trajković-Pavlović L (2009). "".
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European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
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The following advantages come with medical nutrition:
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when meeting at least one of the following criteria:
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Morris, Sara F.; Wylie-Rosett, Judith (2010-01-01).
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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2024 United Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
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Archived from 232:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 3132:United Kingdom food information regulations 487:Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy Practice 3690: 3676: 3668: 3354: 3340: 3332: 2186: 2172: 2164: 2158: 1927: 1913: 1905: 1813: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1683: 1669: 1661: 1136:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 881: 854: 840: 832: 2970:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak 1477:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery 681: 265:It can help one to live better at any age 121:caused by diseases, injuries and/or aging 3014:2018 Australian strawberry contamination 2876:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident 254:It is often very effective in treating 3877: 2984:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak 341: 203:The role of MNT when administered by a 2999:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning 2576:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 359:. nutritioncollege.org. Archived from 293:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 748: 746: 535:Nutrition therapy and pathophysiology 456: 454: 124:Difficulties with ingestion, such as 7: 3290: 3178:Institute for Food Safety and Health 2918:Australian meat substitution scandal 2886:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959 2662:Arsenic contamination of groundwater 1615: 1376:Physical medicine and rehabilitation 427: 425: 351: 349: 347: 345: 103:In the field of clinical nutrition, 3310: 3166:Food Information and Control Agency 1625: 58:Dietary needs and disease processes 1512:Medical Scientist Training Program 827:Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 727:Pastors, Joyce Green; et al. 151:factors, i.e., the inability of a 25: 3647:Food and Agriculture Organization 3394:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein 3183:International Food Safety Network 3107:International Food Safety Network 2828:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 2778:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein 2505:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic 779:Natalie, Stein (19 August 2015). 296:is the highest-ranked journal in 3880: 3657:National Food and Drug Authority 3443:Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates 3309: 3299: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3268: 3258: 3188:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety 3024:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal 2955:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak 2950:ICA meat repackaging controversy 2099: 2098: 2087: 1644: 1634: 1624: 1614: 1605: 1604: 484:Skipper, Annalynn (2009-10-07). 3127:Quality Assurance International 3034:Food safety incidents in Taiwan 3004:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat 2898:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster 2813:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1645: 465:. clinical.diabetesjournals.org 3387:Artificial protein substitutes 3156:European Food Safety Authority 3029:Food safety incidents in China 2866:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning 2833:Water fluoridation controversy 1873:"Minerals" (Chemical elements) 1502:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 936:Oral and maxillofacial surgery 1: 3448:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone 584:10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00204-1 461:Morris, Sara F.; et al. 3642:Food and Drug Administration 3161:Food and Drug Administration 2843:Food contamination incidents 1482:Bachelor of Medical Sciences 1249:Neurosurgical anesthesiology 756:. danone.com. Archived from 357:"What is Medical Nutrition?" 235:Food and Drug Administration 3215:Food and drink prohibitions 2989:Bihar school meal poisoning 2913:United Kingdom BSE outbreak 2871:1900 English beer poisoning 2225:Antibiotic use in livestock 2105:Category: Food preservation 731:. care.diabetesjournals.org 3919: 3750:Emergency medical services 3210:Curing (food preservation) 2283:Monosodium glutamate (MSG) 537:(Third ed.). Boston: 3705: 3699:Allied health professions 3428:Aspartame-acesulfame salt 3329: 3253: 3240:Genetically modified food 3092:Food labeling regulations 2960:2008 Chinese milk scandal 2161: 2082: 1942: 1902: 1828: 1788: 1600: 578:(8): 889–94, quiz 895–6. 400:10.1007/s12603-009-0147-1 214:An example is the use of 186:Medical nutrition therapy 181:Medical nutrition therapy 175:moderately undernourished 169:or = 20 kg/m and/or 3790:Music and arts therapist 3487:Natural food substitutes 3102:Food safety in Australia 2298:High-fructose corn syrup 1436:Transplantation medicine 1327:Clinical neurophysiology 1244:Obstetric anesthesiology 1164:Interventional radiology 924:Digestive system surgery 73:routes of administration 3755:Hemodialysis technician 3082:Acceptable daily intake 2994:2013 horse meat scandal 2435:Clostridium perfringens 1307:Intensive care medicine 1281:Mass gathering medicine 1126:Maternal–fetal medicine 683:10.2337/diaclin.28.1.12 300:'s nutrition category. 160:severely undernourished 79:. Alternatives include 3800:Occupational therapist 3573:List of food additives 3150:Centre for Food Safety 2965:2008 Irish pork crisis 2667:Benzene in soft drinks 1763:Discrimination testing 899:Cardiothoracic surgery 636:. 62 Suppl 3: 95–100. 81:enteral administration 3850:Respiratory therapist 3785:Medical transcription 3735:Clinical psychologist 3710:Anesthesia technician 3172:Food Standards Agency 3122:Organic certification 3117:Nutrition facts label 2861:Esing Bakery incident 2649:environment pollution 1853:Essential fatty acids 1550:Personalized medicine 1409:Reproductive medicine 1334:Occupational medicine 1288:Evolutionary medicine 216:macronutrient preload 112:clinical malnutrition 99:Clinical malnutrition 3780:Medical technologist 3730:Cardiac physiologist 3413:Acesulfame potassium 2941:2006 North American 2599:Acesulfame potassium 2428:Campylobacter jejuni 2322:Intestinal parasites 2195:Consumer food safety 1570:Traditional medicine 1530:Alternative medicine 1397:Addiction psychiatry 1211:Transfusion medicine 1206:Medical microbiology 1121:Gynecologic oncology 973:Reproductive surgery 541:. pp. 495–500. 336:Notes and references 218:in type 2 diabetes. 93:parenteral nutrition 67:Methods of nutrition 3840:Radiation therapist 3815:Pharmacy technician 3245:Conspiracy theories 2798:Heterocyclic amines 2702:Shellfish poisoning 2017:Modified atmosphere 1592:History of medicine 1575:Veterinary medicine 1382:Preventive medicine 1234:Adolescent medicine 1076:Infectious diseases 388:J Nutr Health Aging 110:The main causes of 85:nasogastric feeding 77:oral administration 3499:Coffee substitutes 2903:Toxic oil syndrome 2856:Swill milk scandal 2682:Diethylstilbestrol 2354:Diphyllobothriasis 1540:Molecular oncology 1497:Doctor of Medicine 1487:Master of Medicine 1404:Radiation oncology 1276:Emergency medicine 1229:Addiction medicine 1196:Clinical chemistry 1191:Clinical pathology 983:Transplant surgery 941:Orthopedic surgery 919:Colorectal surgery 760:on 6 February 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2328: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2274: 2272: 2270:Food additives 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2245:Lead poisoning 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2096: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2074:Vacuum packing 2071: 2069:Tyndallization 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1909: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822:Food chemistry 1820: 1818: 1817: 1810: 1803: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1680: 1673: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1652: 1642: 1632: 1622: 1612: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1524: 1523:Related topics 1520: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1472:Medical school 1468: 1466: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426:Sleep medicine 1423: 1422: 1421: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1239:Anesthesiology 1236: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1169:Neuroradiology 1166: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1110: 1106:Obstetrics and 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1021: 1019: 1011: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1002: 1001: 1000: 990: 988:Trauma surgery 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 959: 958: 951:Otolaryngology 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 927: 926: 921: 911: 906: 901: 896: 890: 888: 879: 877:subspecialties 867: 866: 861: 859: 858: 851: 844: 836: 830: 829: 822: 821:External links 819: 816: 815: 794: 771: 742: 719: 697: 656: 647: 624: 597: 562: 547: 525: 503: 496: 476: 450: 421: 374: 363:on 11 May 2017 340: 339: 337: 334: 333: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 305: 302: 287: 284: 283: 282: 279: 271: 268: 267: 266: 263: 247: 244: 223: 222:Administration 220: 196:or registered 182: 179: 145: 144: 122: 100: 97: 68: 65: 59: 56: 52:energy balance 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3915: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3855:Social worker 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3835:Public health 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3770:Medical coder 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3621:Overnutrition 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3606:Food security 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3593:Food politics 3590: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3357: 3352: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3316: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3296: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3276: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3225:Food politics 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3190:(South Korea) 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3054:United States 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2975:2011 Germany 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2932:1996 Odwalla 2930: 2928: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2563:Preservatives 2560: 2554: 2553:Methamidophos 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2394:Toxoplasmosis 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2305:Vegetable oil 2303: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2153:Fortification 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2133:Manufacturing 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2125:Food industry 2122: 2106: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2022:Pascalization 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1982:Freeze-drying 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1863:Fortification 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1838:Carbohydrates 1836: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1651: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1623: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1603: 1602: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1555:Public health 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:Allied health 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1459: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344:Oral medicine 1342: 1340: 1339:Ophthalmology 1337: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1201:Cytopathology 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1141:Urogynecology 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1103: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1044:Endocrinology 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 995: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 954: 953: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 891: 889: 887: 883: 880: 878: 872: 868: 864: 857: 852: 850: 845: 843: 838: 837: 834: 828: 825: 824: 820: 804: 798: 795: 782: 775: 772: 759: 755: 749: 747: 743: 730: 723: 720: 707: 701: 698: 693: 689: 684: 679: 675: 671: 667: 660: 657: 651: 648: 643: 639: 635: 628: 625: 620: 616: 612: 608: 601: 598: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 566: 563: 558: 554: 550: 544: 540: 536: 529: 526: 513: 507: 504: 499: 497:9780763742898 493: 489: 488: 480: 477: 464: 457: 455: 451: 438: 434: 428: 426: 422: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 378: 375: 362: 358: 352: 350: 348: 346: 342: 335: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 303: 301: 299: 295: 294: 285: 280: 277: 276: 275: 270:Disadvantages 269: 264: 261: 257: 253: 252: 251: 245: 243: 240: 236: 233: 228: 221: 219: 217: 212: 210: 206: 201: 199: 195: 191: 187: 180: 178: 176: 172: 168: 165: 161: 156: 154: 150: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 117: 116: 115: 113: 108: 106: 98: 96: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 66: 64: 57: 55: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 19: 3845:Radiographer 3820:Phlebotomist 3795:Nutritionist 3630:Institutions 3616:Malnutrition 3531:Phyllodulcin 3235:Food quality 3142:Institutions 2976: 2942: 2933: 2924: 2808:Nitrosamines 2571:Benzoic acid 2533:Chlorpyrifos 2512: 2506: 2497: 2480: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2404:Trichuriasis 2389:Toxocariasis 2359:Enterobiasis 2235:Formaldehyde 2042:Potjevleesch 1977:Fermentation 1730: 1716:Microbiology 1692:Food science 1560:Rural health 1545:Nanomedicine 1096:Rheumatology 1027: / 946:Hand surgery 931:Neurosurgery 806:. Retrieved 797: 785:. Retrieved 774: 762:. Retrieved 758:the original 733:. Retrieved 722: 710:. Retrieved 700: 676:(1): 12–18. 673: 669: 659: 650: 633: 627: 613:(1): 11–21. 610: 606: 600: 575: 571: 565: 534: 528: 516:. Retrieved 506: 486: 479: 467:. Retrieved 441:. Retrieved 437:the original 391: 387: 377: 365:. Retrieved 361:the original 320:Medical food 291: 289: 273: 249: 238: 229: 225: 213: 202: 189: 185: 184: 174: 159: 157: 146: 111: 109: 105:malnutrition 102: 70: 61: 27: 26: 3830:Prosthetist 3805:Optometrist 3725:Audiologist 3568:Food safety 3403:Artificial 3368:Artificial 3315:WikiProject 3152:(Hong Kong) 2889: [ 2851:Devon colic 2725:Breast milk 2697:Nonylphenol 2672:Bisphenol A 2609:controversy 2476:Hepatitis E 2471:Hepatitis A 2449:Enterovirus 2442:Cronobacter 2399:Trichinosis 2369:Fasciolosis 2339:Anisakiasis 2310:controversy 2203:Adulterants 2148:Foodservice 1997:Irradiation 1711:Engineering 1630:Wikiproject 1419:Venereology 1364:Neonatology 1261:Dermatology 1116:Gynaecology 1108:gynaecology 1091:Pulmonology 909:Eye surgery 871:Specialties 607:Adolesc Med 514:. study.com 394:(2): 83–9. 153:health care 89:intravenous 32:health care 3601:Food power 3458:NutraSweet 3066:Regulation 3049:death toll 2818:Shortening 2783:Acrylamide 2712:Food fraud 2692:Mycotoxins 2525:Pesticides 2499:Salmonella 2374:Giardiasis 2334:Amoebiasis 2278:Flavorings 1962:Cold chain 1780:Technology 1748:Psychology 1738:Processing 1392:Psychiatry 1378:(PM&R) 1371:Phlebology 1359:Pediatrics 1186:Anatomical 1151:Diagnostic 1131:Obstetrics 1081:Nephrology 1066:Hematology 1061:Geriatrics 1054:Hepatology 1039:Cardiology 1029:Immunology 634:Med. Pregl 246:Advantages 149:iatrogenic 138:depression 71:Among the 18:Nutriology 3810:Orthotist 3745:Dietitian 3478:Sucralose 3468:Saccharin 3463:Nutrinova 3423:Aspartame 3112:ISO 22000 3074:watchdogs 3070:standards 3044:outbreaks 2945:outbreaks 2823:Trans fat 2735:Olive oil 2657:Aflatoxin 2631:Sucralose 2616:Saccharin 2604:Aspartame 2548:Malathion 2493:Rotavirus 2488:Norovirus 2143:Marketing 2138:Packaging 2049:Rillettes 1833:Additives 1721:Nutrition 1580:Physician 1464:education 1322:Neurology 1317:Narcology 1181:Pathology 1159:Radiology 1034:Angiology 998:Andrology 708:. fda.gov 692:0891-8929 557:904413050 325:Nutrition 205:physician 198:dietitian 194:physician 142:dysphagia 48:dietetics 44:nutrition 3897:Category 3305:Cookbook 3285:Category 3087:E number 2979:outbreak 2936:outbreak 2927:outbreak 2677:Dieldrin 2626:Sorbitol 2482:Listeria 2422:Botulism 2250:Melamine 2220:Aldicarb 2064:Sugaring 2027:Pickling 2007:Jellying 1987:Freezing 1883:Vitamins 1878:Proteins 1843:Coloring 1770:Rheology 1731:clinical 1610:Category 1086:Oncology 1017:medicine 1015:Internal 863:Medicine 808:June 18, 642:19702125 619:12529187 408:20126953 304:See also 286:Journals 134:dementia 119:Cachexia 36:Clinical 3453:Neotame 3418:Alitame 3378:Olestra 3295:Commons 3168:(Spain) 2977:E. coli 2943:E. coli 2934:E. coli 2925:E. coli 2745:Seafood 2645:poisons 2543:Lindane 2507:E. coli 2466:O157:H7 2458:O104:H4 2260:Sudan I 2230:Cyanide 2059:Smoking 2054:Salting 2032:Potting 2012:Jugging 2002:Jamming 1957:Canning 1858:Flavors 1848:Enzymes 1775:Storage 1753:Quality 1706:Allergy 1699:General 1650:Outline 1620:Commons 1565:Therapy 1462:Medical 1025:Allergy 993:Urology 886:Surgery 592:9710659 416:1179325 130:paresis 40:clinics 3873:Portal 3611:Famine 3545:Brands 3438:Glucin 3433:Dulcin 2750:Shrimp 2687:Dioxin 2641:Toxins 2215:3-MCPD 2103:  2037:Confit 1972:Drying 1967:Curing 1868:Lipids 1640:Portal 1507:MD–PhD 690:  640:  617:  590:  555:  545:  494:  414:  406:  256:type 1 126:stroke 87:) and 3514:bacon 2893:] 2740:Prawn 2720:Bread 2293:Sugar 1888:Water 1222:Other 787:3 May 764:3 May 735:3 May 712:3 May 518:3 May 469:3 May 443:3 May 412:S2CID 367:3 May 114:are: 3887:Food 3552:Tang 3519:list 2288:Salt 1726:Diet 810:2009 789:2016 766:2016 737:2016 714:2016 688:ISSN 638:PMID 615:PMID 588:PMID 553:OCLC 543:ISBN 520:2016 492:ISBN 471:2016 445:2016 404:PMID 369:2016 290:The 171:> 167:< 91:(in 83:(in 46:and 2755:Tea 2730:Egg 2538:DDT 956:ENT 874:and 678:doi 580:doi 396:doi 298:ISI 258:or 190:MNT 164:BMI 95:). 3899:: 3072:, 3068:, 2891:ar 2647:, 2643:, 2324:, 2205:, 1295:/ 745:^ 686:. 674:28 672:. 668:. 611:14 609:. 586:. 576:98 574:. 551:. 453:^ 424:^ 410:. 402:. 392:14 390:. 386:. 344:^ 140:, 136:, 132:, 128:, 34:. 3875:: 3691:e 3684:t 3677:v 3355:e 3348:t 3341:v 2187:e 2180:t 2173:v 1928:e 1921:t 1914:v 1814:e 1807:t 1800:v 1684:e 1677:t 1670:v 855:e 848:t 841:v 812:. 791:. 768:. 739:. 716:. 694:. 680:: 644:. 621:. 594:. 582:: 559:. 522:. 500:. 473:. 447:. 418:. 398:: 371:. 262:. 188:( 20:)

Index

Nutriology
health care
Clinical
clinics
nutrition
dietetics
energy balance
routes of administration
oral administration
enteral administration
nasogastric feeding
intravenous
parenteral nutrition
malnutrition
Cachexia
stroke
paresis
dementia
depression
dysphagia
iatrogenic
health care
BMI
<
>
physician
dietitian
physician
type 2 diabetes
macronutrient preload

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