606:
1541:
598:
31:
1029:
59:
1607:
1625:
1008:
1074:
1045:
1599:
625:
1586:, which are capable of chemotaxis (movement toward or away from a chemical signal, such as those released by potential food sources) in surface water (including precipitation on plant surfaces). A few oomycetes produce aerial asexual spores that are distributed by wind. They also produce sexual spores, called
2343:
Vettraino, A. M.; Morel, O.; Perlerou, C.; Robin, C.; Diamandis, S.; Vannini, A. (2005). "Occurrence and distribution of
Phytophthora species in European chestnut stands, and their association with Ink Disease and crown decline".
1508:. One flagellum has a "whiplash" morphology, and the other a branched "tinsel" morphology. The "tinsel" flagellum is unique to the Kingdom Heterokonta. Spores of the few fungal groups which retain flagella (such as the
2175:
Van der Auwera G, De Baere R, Van de Peer Y, De Rijk P, Van den Broeck I, De
Wachter R (July 1995). "The phylogeny of the Hyphochytriomycota as deduced from ribosomal RNA sequences of Hyphochytrium catenoides".
576:
The name "water mold" refers to their earlier classification as fungi and their preference for conditions of high humidity and running surface water, which is characteristic for the basal taxa of the oomycetes.
469:
due to similarities in morphology and lifestyle. However, molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed significant differences between fungi and oomycetes which means the latter are now grouped with the
605:
589:), and if they do, they are scarce, appearing at the bases of sporangia, and sometimes in older parts of the filaments. Some are unicellular, while others are filamentous and branching.
1540:
2228:
Schwelm A, Badstöber J, Bulman S, Desoignies N, Etemadi M, Falloon RE, Gachon CM, Legreve A, Lukeš J, Merz U, Nenarokova A, Strittmatter M, Sullivan BK, Neuhauser S (April 2018).
2018:
Kortekamp, A. (2005). "Growth, occurrence and development of septa in
Plasmopara viticola and other members of the Peronosporaceae using light- and epifluorescence-microscopy".
1753:, which are easily identifiable by the appearance of white, brownish or olive "mildew" on the leaf undersides (although this group can be confused with the unrelated fungal
671:
are considered by some authors to be a family (Albuginaceae) within the
Peronosporales, although it has been shown that they are phylogenetically distinct from this order.
3910:
4093:
1454:
analysis based on modern discoveries about the biology of these organisms supports a relatively close relationship with some photosynthetic organisms, such as
678:
too are mainly saprophytic or parasitic on plants, and have an aseptate, branching form. Many of the most damaging agricultural parasites belong to this order.
4054:
1653:, and at least one is a pathogen of mammals. The majority of the plant pathogenic species can be classified into four groups, although more exist.
1844:
2420:
2069:
2319:
1480:
This relationship is supported by a number of observed differences between the characteristics of oomycetes and fungi. For instance, the
657:
have wall thickenings that give their continuous cell body the appearance of septation. They bear chitin and often reproduce asexually.
1917:
1728:
is a very common problem in greenhouses, where the organism kills newly emerged seedlings. Mycoparasitic members of this group (e.g.
1121:
597:
1997:
4139:
3959:
2461:
2456:
1527:
of oomycetes are still described or listed as types of fungi and may sometimes be referred to as pseudo fungi, or lower fungi.
1099:
462:), although the water-preferring nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which are terrestrial pathogens.
2148:
1516:
and have a number of enzymes that differ. The ultrastructure is also different, with oomycota having tubular mitochondrial
2540:
2530:
2513:
2381:
1650:
1084:
2413:
1632:
58:
1103:
1088:
4098:
1836:
1095:
2277:
Haas, BJ; Kamoun, S; Zody, MC; Jiang, RH; Handsaker, RE; Cano, LM; Grabherr, M; Kodira, CD; et al. (2009).
1768:, which cause white blister disease on a variety of flowering plants. White blister rusts sporulate beneath the
1578:
Most of the oomycetes produce two distinct types of spores. The main dispersive spores are asexual, self-motile
1590:, that are translucent, double-walled, spherical structures used to survive adverse environmental conditions.
410:; these spores can overwinter and are known as resting spores. Asexual reproduction involves the formation of
544:
433:
lifestyles, and include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as
2545:
1611:
1055:
38:
Asexual (A: sporangia, B: zoospores, C: chlamydospores) and sexual (D: oospores) reproductive structures of
3301:
3865:
3753:
3748:
3716:
3711:
3337:
3273:
1935:"Influence of Pythium oligandrum Biocontrol on Fungal and Oomycete Population Dynamics in the Rhizosphere"
1699:
1683:
1671:
1546:
1512:) have only one whiplash flagellum. Oomycota and fungi have different metabolic pathways for synthesizing
40:
3743:
3510:
3449:
1811:
1761:
763:
4167:
3728:
3658:
3483:
2508:
2406:
2393:
1879:
1695:
933:
551:
513:
434:
265:
160:
144:
3776:
3763:
3373:
3309:
3139:
2722:
737:
3733:
3555:
3240:
3134:
3101:
2973:
1841:
862:
802:
755:
729:
4108:
4015:
3964:
3938:
3738:
3721:
3653:
3518:
3459:
3162:
2917:
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2769:
2753:
2623:
2605:
2293:
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1946:
1223:
978:
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747:
719:
701:
391:
260:
192:
4144:
4046:
3560:
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3491:
3419:
3315:
2997:
2955:
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2907:
2902:
2897:
2680:
1254:
1201:
1155:
902:
882:
872:
840:
832:
812:
785:
778:
711:
693:
255:
197:
3444:
3260:
3068:
2858:
2735:
2616:
1170:
925:
797:
773:
565:
527:
387:
209:
187:
3771:
3565:
3524:
948:
3635:
3180:
2945:
2748:
2525:
2503:
2491:
2466:
2361:
1769:
1730:
1463:
1332:
943:
661:
446:
281:
243:
238:
53:
2652:
1874:
897:
3249:
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1028:
685:
are the most primitive; some are filamentous, others unicellular; they are generally parasitic.
4116:
3946:
3781:
3396:
3345:
3283:
3088:
2610:
2535:
2498:
2486:
2476:
2311:
2259:
2193:
2122:
2065:
2035:
1972:
1913:
1788:
478:). The Oomycota have a very sparse fossil record; a possible oomycete has been described from
2889:
2059:
4131:
4121:
3951:
3612:
2763:
2450:
2353:
2301:
2249:
2241:
2185:
2112:
2102:
2027:
1962:
1954:
1691:
1606:
1509:
438:
314:
3915:
3620:
3355:
3291:
3268:
2866:
2189:
1848:
1703:
1646:
1624:
1467:
991:
910:
270:
226:
30:
2279:"Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans"
1734:) parasitize other oomycetes and fungi, and have been employed as biocontrol agents. One
2297:
2098:
1950:
4041:
4006:
3469:
3424:
3391:
3201:
3172:
2978:
2935:
2758:
2481:
2433:
2394:
Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen
Phytophthora infestans
2387:
2254:
2229:
2117:
1993:
1967:
1934:
1803:
1754:
1369:
1276:
1049:
1017:
973:
892:
675:
647:
618:
610:
573:, structures containing the female gametes, that are characteristic of the oomycetes.
538:
500:
442:
411:
250:
216:
96:
83:
45:
1933:
Vallance, J.; Le Floch, G.; Deniel, F.; Barbier, G.; Levesque, C. A.; Rey, P. (2009).
1721:
and individual species have larger host ranges, although usually causing less damage.
4161:
3685:
3645:
3537:
3119:
3111:
3096:
3077:
2085:
Ruggiero; et al. (2015), "Higher Level
Classification of All Living Organisms",
1884:
1807:
1773:
664:
use rhizoids to attach their thallus to the bed of stagnant or polluted water bodies.
471:
383:
375:
371:
1818:, which means that they are unable to survive without the presence of a living host.
506:
3847:
3630:
3625:
3497:
3464:
3439:
3429:
3414:
3406:
3328:
3214:
3209:
3157:
3124:
2968:
2809:
2743:
2690:
2662:
2437:
2365:
1750:
1709:
1664:
1659:
1291:
963:
920:
682:
654:
221:
204:
182:
175:
165:
109:
3888:
2215:
2107:
4067:
4000:
3897:
3834:
3545:
3386:
3381:
2963:
2847:
2822:
2657:
2587:
2398:
2140:
1783:
1765:
1725:
1675:
1637:
1474:
1470:
Oomycota along with other classes such as
Phaeophyceae (brown algae) within the
1354:
1073:
1033:
958:
668:
634:
614:
454:, attacking plant pathogenic fungi. The oomycetes are also often referred to as
426:
170:
129:
1007:
650:
are the most widespread. Many break down decaying matter; others are parasites.
3601:
3454:
3363:
3149:
3129:
3033:
2634:
2357:
2141:"Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes"
2031:
1815:
1798:
1559:
1455:
983:
479:
451:
430:
415:
403:
368:
231:
3991:
4028:
3703:
3219:
3050:
2940:
2817:
2708:
2672:
2429:
1793:
1743:
1628:
1563:
1505:
1485:
1481:
1451:
1044:
1021:
360:
70:
2315:
2263:
2126:
2039:
1976:
2197:
533:
4080:
3985:
3923:
3882:
3693:
3674:
3004:
2828:
2685:
2643:
2600:
2578:
2520:
1958:
1583:
1447:
422:
2306:
1645:
Many oomycetes species are economically important, aggressive algae and
3434:
2798:
2716:
1772:
of their hosts, causing spore-filled blisters on stems, leaves and the
1713:
1687:
1598:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1555:
1524:
1517:
1501:
1497:
1012:
629:
570:
407:
395:
379:
119:
2245:
624:
4072:
3902:
2567:
1778:
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1616:
1551:
1513:
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1459:
556:
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419:
399:
364:
4085:
3928:
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4033:
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1623:
1605:
1597:
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1443:
1043:
1027:
1006:
623:
604:
596:
586:
495:
482:
475:
466:
2230:"Not in your usual Top 10: protists that infect plants and algae"
1988:
1986:
1864:. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 289.
3863:
2402:
1504:
nuclei. Most oomycetes produce self-motile zoospores with two
1446:(the name "oomycota" means "egg fungus") and later treated as
1067:
341:
4020:
542:
504:
1776:. The Albuginales are currently divided into three genera,
689:
However more recently this has been expanded considerably.
335:
326:
320:
2390:– University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP)
347:
338:
317:
1040:, Peronosporales) on the underside of a potato leaf.
344:
3975:
3872:
3826:
3762:
3702:
3684:
3671:
3644:
3611:
3598:
3536:
3509:
3482:
3405:
3372:
3354:
3336:
3327:
3300:
3282:
3259:
3239:
3232:
3200:
3193:
3171:
3148:
3110:
3087:
3067:
3060:
3047:
3030:
2987:
2954:
2926:
2888:
2875:
2857:
2844:
2808:
2795:
2734:
2707:
2671:
2642:
2633:
2586:
2577:
2564:
642:Previously the group was arranged into six orders.
332:
329:
2053:
2051:
2049:
1450:, based on general morphology and lifestyle. A
1442:This group was originally classified among the
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
1602:Unidentified water mold on dead larval mayfly.
569: "fungus"), referring to the large round
2414:
1903:
1901:
8:
2058:Sumbali, Geeta; Johri, B. M (January 2005).
1620:sp. (Saprolegniales) isolated from a stream.
1102:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
323:
3860:
3759:
3681:
3668:
3608:
3595:
3333:
3236:
3229:
3197:
3064:
3057:
3044:
3040:
3027:
2885:
2854:
2841:
2805:
2792:
2731:
2639:
2583:
2574:
2561:
2421:
2407:
2399:
1496:. Also, in the vegetative state they have
29:
20:
2305:
2253:
2116:
2106:
1966:
1122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1827:
465:Oomycetes were originally grouped with
1939:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2190:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040245
585:The oomycetes rarely have septa (see
7:
4109:09cde3e9-eef7-4810-896f-a841c75c3908
3939:0bd31af1-728c-4c69-8906-dbc9fb70944b
1520:and fungi having flattened cristae.
1100:adding citations to reliable sources
16:Fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism
2346:European Journal of Plant Pathology
1347:
1325:
1269:
1247:
1239:
1216:
1194:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1053:(Albuginales) on shepherd's purse (
2382:Description of The Phylum Oomycota
609:Asexual structures (sporangia) in
14:
398:is the result of contact between
1466:based on these data, places the
1072:
313:
57:
2325:from the original on 2024-02-20
2151:from the original on 2016-05-13
2000:from the original on 2003-10-09
1994:"Introduction to the Oomycota"
1912:(5 ed.). Academic Press.
1837:Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora
1:
1802:, predominantly parasitic to
1792:, parasitic predominantly to
1717:group is more prevalent than
1670:that causes diseases such as
1484:of oomycetes are composed of
1321:Peronosporomycetes s.s.
1024:in animals, under microscope.
474:(which include some types of
2388:Introduction to the Oomycota
2108:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
1690:and other parts of Europe),
557:
519:
394:. Sexual reproduction of an
1840:, 2nd ed., vol. 1, part 1,
1782:parasitic predominantly to
1500:nuclei, whereas fungi have
632:, antheridia not shown) of
4184:
2214:. 5th ed. Academic Press.
2210:Agrios, George N. (2005).
1686:of the 1840s that ravaged
1492:and generally do not have
1003:Phylogenetic relationships
543:
505:
3842:
3667:
3594:
3228:
3043:
3026:
2840:
2791:
2560:
2444:
2358:10.1007/s10658-004-1882-0
2234:Molecular Plant Pathology
2032:10.1017/S0953756205002418
1760:The fourth group are the
1594:Ecology and pathogenicity
1367:
1352:
1345:
1330:
1323:
1289:
1274:
1267:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1221:
1214:
1199:
1192:
1168:
1153:
1146:
1139:
386:, and can reproduce both
287:
280:
157:
152:
54:Scientific classification
52:
37:
28:
23:
2139:Silar, Philippe (2016),
1749:The third group are the
1464:taxonomic classification
628:Sexual structures (only
425:. Oomycetes occupy both
1523:In spite of this, many
1056:Capsella bursa-pastoris
3338:Discosporangiophycidae
1642:
1621:
1603:
1575:
1547:Phytophthora infestans
1060:
1041:
1025:
639:
621:
602:
41:Phytophthora infestans
3302:Chrysoparadoxophyceae
2145:HAL Archives-ouvertes
1880:CollinsDictionary.com
1862:Straminipilous fungus
1696:rhododendron root rot
1651:cause disease in fish
1627:
1609:
1601:
1543:
1047:
1031:
1010:
627:
608:
601:Simplified phylogeny.
600:
435:late blight of potato
3754:Arachnoidiscophytina
3749:Rhizosloleniophytina
3717:Leptocylindrophyceae
3712:Leptocylindrophytina
3274:Pleurochloridellales
2606:Pseudodendromonadida
2384:– Systematic Biology
2020:Mycological Research
1959:10.1128/AEM.02643-08
1860:Dick, M. W. (2001).
1550:(Peronosporales) on
1096:improve this section
493:Oomycota comes from
441:. One oomycete, the
153:Orders and families
3744:Coscinodiscophytina
3511:Schizocladiophyceae
3450:Phaeosiphoniellales
3261:Phaeothamniophyceae
3069:Olisthodiscophyceae
2859:Hyphochytriomycetes
2736:Labyrinthulomycetes
2307:10.1038/nature08358
2298:2009Natur.461..393H
2099:2015PLoSO..1019248R
1951:2009ApEnM..75.4790V
1812:white blister rusts
1762:white blister rusts
1649:. Some species can
1243:Saprolegniomycetes
764:Pseudosphaeritaceae
296:Peronosporomycetes
3729:Ellerbeckiophytina
3677:
3673:
3659:Sarcinochrysidales
3636:Rhizochromulinales
3604:
3600:
3484:Phaeosacciophyceae
3181:Pinguiochrysidales
3053:
3049:
3036:
3032:
2877:Peronosporomycetes
2850:
2846:
2801:
2797:
2570:
2566:
1847:2014-12-13 at the
1740:Pythium insidiosum
1682:(the cause of the
1643:
1622:
1604:
1576:
1061:
1042:
1026:
934:Leptolegniellaceae
858:H.E.Petersen, 1905
640:
622:
603:
447:Pythium oligandrum
359:, form a distinct
266:Leptolegniellaceae
161:Diatomophthoraceae
4155:
4154:
4117:Open Tree of Life
3947:Open Tree of Life
3866:Taxon identifiers
3857:
3856:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3782:Bacillariophyceae
3777:Biddulphiophyceae
3764:Bacillariophytina
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3478:
3477:
3397:Syringodermatales
3374:Dictyochophycidae
3346:Discosporangiales
3310:Chrysoparadoxales
3284:Chrysomerophyceae
3189:
3188:
3140:Thallochrysidales
3089:Eustigmatophyceae
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2723:Pseudophyllomitus
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2246:10.1111/mpp.12580
2071:978-1-84265-153-7
2026:(Pt 5): 640–648.
1704:European chestnut
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1181:
1180:
1132:
1131:
1124:
996:
988:
968:
953:
938:
930:
915:
907:
887:
867:
845:
837:
822:
807:
768:
760:
752:
742:
738:Salilagenidiaceae
734:
724:
716:
706:
698:
568:
554:
531: "egg") and
530:
516:
305:
304:
299:
293:
148:
4175:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3968:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3942:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3919:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3861:
3760:
3734:Probosciophytina
3682:
3678:
3669:
3613:Dictyochophyceae
3609:
3605:
3596:
3556:Rhizochloridales
3334:
3241:Aurearenophyceae
3237:
3230:
3198:
3135:Rhizochrysidales
3102:Goniochloridales
3065:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3028:
2974:Salilagenidiales
2886:
2882:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2764:Thraustochytrida
2732:
2640:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2473:
2453:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2370:
2369:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2283:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2240:(4): 1029–1044.
2225:
2219:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2172:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2110:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1945:(14): 4790–800.
1930:
1924:
1923:
1908:Agrios, George.
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1871:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1832:
1692:sudden oak death
1510:Chytridiomycetes
1348:
1326:
1270:
1248:
1240:
1217:
1195:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1076:
1068:
1020:), which causes
994:
986:
966:
951:
936:
928:
913:
905:
885:
865:
863:Olpidiopsidaceae
859:
852:
843:
835:
820:
805:
803:Eurychasmataceae
766:
758:
756:Rozellopsidaceae
750:
740:
732:
730:Salilagenidiales
722:
714:
704:
696:
564:
562:
550:
548:
547:
526:
524:
512:
510:
509:
439:sudden oak death
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
297:
291:
143:
62:
61:
33:
21:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4128:
4120:
4115:
4107:
4105:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3971:
3963:
3958:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3838:
3786:
3758:
3739:Melosirophytina
3722:Corethrophyceae
3698:
3672:
3663:
3654:Pelagomonadales
3640:
3621:Florenciellales
3599:
3570:
3532:
3519:Schizocladiales
3505:
3474:
3460:Scytothamniales
3401:
3368:
3356:Ishigeophycidae
3350:
3323:
3296:
3292:Chrysomeridales
3278:
3269:Phaeothamniales
3255:
3224:
3185:
3167:
3163:Chlamydomyxales
3144:
3106:
3083:
3048:
3031:
3010:
2983:
2950:
2922:
2918:Rozellopsidales
2913:Olpidiopsidales
2880:
2879:
2871:
2867:Hyphochytriales
2845:
2836:
2796:
2775:
2770:Stellarchytrium
2754:Oblongichytrida
2730:
2695:
2667:
2629:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2471:
2449:
2440:
2427:
2378:
2373:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2292:(7262): 393–8.
2281:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2212:Plant Pathology
2209:
2205:
2178:Mol. Biol. Evol
2174:
2173:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2093:(4): e0119248,
2084:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1910:Plant Pathology
1907:
1906:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1849:Wayback Machine
1833:
1829:
1825:
1755:powdery mildews
1647:plant pathogens
1635:with secondary
1631:suffering from
1596:
1538:
1533:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1312:
1303:
1224:Olpidiopsidales
1182:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1093:
1077:
1066:
1059:, Brassicales).
1005:
992:Peronosporaceae
979:Salisapiliaceae
911:Saprolegniaceae
878:Atkinisellaceae
857:
850:
828:Olpidiopsidales
818:Haliphthoraceae
791:Haptoglossaceae
748:Rozellopsidales
720:Lagenismataceae
702:Anisolpidiaceae
595:
583:
491:
316:
312:
271:Saprolegniaceae
261:Haliphthoraceae
227:Peronosporaceae
193:Olpidiosidaceae
142:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4126:
4113:
4103:
4090:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3997:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3956:
3943:
3933:
3920:
3907:
3894:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3830:
3828:Incertae sedis
3824:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3679:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:Tribonematales
3558:
3553:
3551:Mischococcales
3548:
3542:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3492:Phaeosacciales
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3470:Tilopteridales
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3425:Desmarestiales
3422:
3420:Asterocladales
3417:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3392:Sphacelariales
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:Chrysoparadoxa
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3210:Chattonellales
3206:
3204:
3202:Raphidomonadea
3195:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3173:Pinguiophyceae
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3055:
3038:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2998:Diatomophthora
2993:
2991:
2989:incertae sedis
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2979:Saprolegniales
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2956:Saprolegniidae
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2936:Peronosporales
2932:
2930:
2928:Peronosporidae
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2908:Lagenismatales
2905:
2903:Haptoglossales
2900:
2898:Anisolpidiales
2894:
2892:
2883:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2761:
2759:Labyrinthulida
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2681:Proteromonadea
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:Mesomycetozoea
2543:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2482:Diaphoretickes
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2376:External links
2374:
2372:
2371:
2352:(2): 169–180.
2335:
2269:
2220:
2203:
2160:
2131:
2077:
2070:
2045:
2010:
1982:
1925:
1919:978-0120445653
1918:
1897:
1866:
1853:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1804:Caryophyllales
1758:
1747:
1742:, also causes
1706:
1595:
1592:
1544:Life cycle of
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:Peronosporales
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:Saprolegniales
1273:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:Atkinsiellales
1251:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:Haliphthorales
1198:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:Haptoglossales
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1050:Albugo candida
1018:Peronosporales
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
989:
981:
974:Peronosporales
971:
970:
969:
956:
955:
954:
941:
940:
939:
931:
918:
917:
916:
908:
903:Verrucalvaceae
900:
893:Saprolegniales
890:
889:
888:
883:Crypticolaceae
880:
873:Atkinsiellales
870:
869:
868:
860:
841:Pontismataceae
838:
833:Sirolpidiaceae
825:
824:
823:
813:Haliphthorales
810:
809:
808:
795:
794:
793:
786:Haptoglossales
783:
782:
781:
779:Ectrogellaceae
771:
770:
769:
761:
745:
744:
743:
727:
726:
725:
712:Lagenismatales
709:
708:
707:
694:Anisolpidiales
687:
686:
679:
676:Peronosporales
672:
665:
658:
651:
648:Saprolegniales
619:Peronosporales
611:Saprolegniales
594:
593:Classification
591:
582:
579:
490:
487:
450:, is used for
412:chlamydospores
372:microorganisms
303:
302:
301:
300:
294:
285:
284:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
256:Ectrogellaceae
251:Saprolegniales
248:
247:
246:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
217:Peronosporales
214:
213:
212:
202:
201:
200:
198:Sirolpidiaceae
195:
190:
180:
179:
178:
168:
163:
155:
154:
150:
149:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
84:Diaphoretickes
81:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
50:
49:
46:Peronosporales
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4180:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3686:Bolidophyceae
3683:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3646:Pelagophyceae
3643:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3538:Xanthophyceae
3535:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Neodermatales
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Actinophryida
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Chromulinales
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3112:Chrysophyceae
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Eustigmatales
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3078:Olisthodiscus
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
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2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
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2659:
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2654:
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2648:
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2641:
2638:
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2621:
2619:
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2614:
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2609:
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2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Stramenopiles
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2472:(major groups
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:Stramenopiles
2435:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2395:
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2256:
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2247:
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2213:
2207:
2204:
2199:
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2187:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1885:HarperCollins
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1814:are obligate
1813:
1809:
1808:downy mildews
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:inflorescence
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:downy mildews
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1731:P. oligandrum
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
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1640:
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1634:
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1619:
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1613:
1608:
1600:
1593:
1591:
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1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1521:
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1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1349:
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1316:
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1306:
1298:
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1294:
1293:
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1282:
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1278:
1272:
1271:
1265:
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1249:
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1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:Eurychasmales
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1115:
1112:February 2024
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:This section
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1002:
993:
990:
987:Schroet. 1893
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
967:Schroet. 1893
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
935:
932:
927:
926:Leptomitaceae
924:
923:
922:
919:
912:
909:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
891:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
864:
861:
856:
851:Sparrow, 1934
849:
844:Petersen 1909
842:
839:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
821:Vishniac 1958
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
806:Petersen 1905
804:
801:
800:
799:
798:Eurychasmales
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
780:
777:
776:
775:
774:Ectrogellales
772:
765:
762:
757:
754:
753:
749:
746:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
703:
700:
699:
695:
692:
691:
690:
684:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
656:
652:
649:
645:
644:
643:
637:
636:
631:
626:
620:
616:
612:
607:
599:
592:
590:
588:
580:
578:
574:
572:
567:
561:
560:
553:
546:
540:
536:
535:
529:
523:
522:
515:
508:
502:
498:
497:
488:
486:
484:
481:
477:
473:
472:stramenopiles
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:heterotrophic
381:
377:
376:Stramenopiles
373:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
310:
295:
289:
288:
286:
283:
279:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:Leptomitaceae
208:
207:
206:
203:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
188:Lagenidiaceae
186:
185:
184:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
156:
151:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:Stramenopiles
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4168:Water moulds
3976:
3873:
3848:paraphyletic
3833:
3827:
3772:Mediophyceae
3631:Pedinellales
3626:Dictyochales
3566:Vaucheriales
3525:Schizocladia
3523:
3498:Phaeosaccion
3496:
3465:Sporochnales
3440:Laminariales
3430:Ectocarpales
3415:Ascoseirales
3407:Fucophycidae
3329:Phaeophyceae
3314:
3248:
3158:Synchromales
3125:Hibberdiales
3076:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2969:Leptomitales
2876:
2827:
2810:Bigyromonada
2768:
2744:Amphitremida
2721:
2691:Blastocystea
2663:Opalomonadea
2622:
2615:
2531:Opisthokonta
2349:
2345:
2338:
2327:. Retrieved
2289:
2285:
2272:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2211:
2206:
2184:(4): 671–8.
2181:
2177:
2153:, retrieved
2144:
2134:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2060:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2002:. Retrieved
1942:
1938:
1928:
1909:
1888:. Retrieved
1878:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1835:
1830:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1719:Phytophthora
1718:
1712:
1710:paraphyletic
1684:Great Famine
1665:paraphyletic
1660:Phytophthora
1658:
1644:
1636:
1615:
1577:
1545:
1536:Reproduction
1522:
1488:rather than
1479:
1441:
1368:
1353:
1331:
1292:Leptomitales
1290:
1275:
1253:
1222:
1200:
1169:
1154:
1118:
1109:
1094:Please help
1082:
1054:
1048:
1038:P. infestans
1037:
1011:
964:Albuginaceae
949:Rhipidiaceae
921:Leptomitales
854:
847:
705:Karling 1943
688:
683:Lagenidiales
655:Leptomitales
641:
633:
584:
575:
558:
532:
520:
494:
492:
464:
460:water moulds
459:
455:
445:
443:mycoparasite
418:, producing
361:phylogenetic
356:
308:
306:
222:Albuginaceae
205:Leptomitales
183:Lagenidiales
176:Albuginaceae
166:Miraculaceae
139:
103:
90:
77:
39:
18:
4068:iNaturalist
4001:Wikispecies
3898:iNaturalist
3835:Platysulcus
3546:Botrydiales
3387:Onslowiales
3382:Dictyotales
2964:Albuginales
2946:Rhipidiales
2881:(Oomycetes)
2848:Pseudofungi
2823:Pirsoniales
2749:Amphifilida
2658:Nanomonadea
2588:Bicosoecida
1890:5 September
1834:Winter, G.
1806:. Like the
1784:Brassicales
1766:Albuginales
1746:in mammals.
1726:damping off
1700:ink disease
1676:late blight
1663:group is a
1641:infections.
1638:Saprolegnia
1475:Heterokonta
1462:. A common
1456:brown algae
1355:Albuginales
1333:Rhipidiales
1034:late blight
1032:Symptom of
959:Albuginales
944:Rhipidiales
929:Kuetz. 1843
669:Albuginales
662:Rhipidiales
635:Saprolegnia
615:Albuginales
456:water molds
427:saprophytic
406:and female
380:filamentous
378:. They are
374:within the
363:lineage of
244:Rhipidaceae
239:Rhipidiales
171:Albuginales
130:Pseudofungi
126:Subphylum:
3602:Diatomista
3455:Ralfsiales
3364:Ishigeales
3220:Commatiida
3150:Picophagea
3130:Hydrurales
3034:Ochrophyta
2653:Placididea
2635:Placidozoa
2329:2024-02-20
2155:2016-07-16
2004:2014-07-07
1875:"oomycete"
1823:References
1799:Wilsoniana
1560:plasmogamy
1494:septations
1482:cell walls
1235:Oogametia
995:Warm. 1884
984:Pythiaceae
914:Warm. 1884
898:Achlyaceae
848:Petersenia
846:(contains
581:Morphology
480:Cretaceous
452:biocontrol
431:pathogenic
404:antheridia
369:eukaryotic
298:Dick, 2001
232:Pythiaceae
24:Oomycetes
3889:Q21445833
3874:Oomycetes
3704:Diatomeae
3250:Aurearena
3051:Chrysista
2941:Pythiales
2818:Developea
2709:Sagenista
2673:Opalinata
2596:Bicoecida
2526:Amoebozoa
2504:Alveolata
2492:Cryptista
2467:Eukaryota
2430:Eukaryota
2147:: 1–462,
2061:The fungi
1816:biotrophs
1794:Asterales
1770:epidermis
1744:Pythiosis
1738:species,
1629:Sea trout
1584:zoospores
1564:karyogamy
1486:cellulose
1452:cladistic
1083:does not
1022:pythiosis
952:Cejp 1959
937:Dick 1971
906:Dick 1984
886:Dick 1995
866:Cejp 1959
836:Cejp 1959
767:Dick 1995
759:Dick 1995
751:Dick 2001
741:Dick 1995
733:Dick 2001
723:Dick 1995
715:Dick 2001
697:Dick 2001
552:translit.
514:translit.
489:Etymology
423:zoospores
416:sporangia
392:asexually
309:Oomycetes
292:Arx, 1967
290:Oomycota
140:Oomycetes
71:Eukaryota
4162:Category
4081:MycoBank
4042:Fungorum
4007:Oomycota
3986:Wikidata
3977:Oomycota
3924:MycoBank
3883:Wikidata
3694:Parmales
3675:Khakista
3005:Miracula
2829:Pirsonia
2686:Opalinea
2644:Wobblata
2611:Borokida
2601:Anoecida
2579:Opalozoa
2521:Amorphea
2499:Rhizaria
2487:Hacrobia
2477:Excavata
2462:Bacteria
2320:Archived
2316:19741609
2264:29024322
2149:archived
2127:25923521
2087:PLOS ONE
2040:16018320
1998:Archived
1977:19447961
1851:, 1880 .
1845:Archived
1680:potatoes
1588:oospores
1506:flagella
1448:protists
1438:External
1064:Internal
855:Pontisma
402:of male
388:sexually
357:Oomycota
282:Synonyms
116:Phylum:
67:Domain:
3992:Q223597
3435:Fucales
2890:Eogamia
2799:Gyrista
2717:Eogyrea
2624:Cantina
2536:Animals
2457:Archaea
2366:2041934
2294:Bibcode
2255:5772912
2198:7659021
2118:4418965
2095:Bibcode
1968:2708430
1947:Bibcode
1789:Pustula
1736:Pythium
1723:Pythium
1714:Pythium
1702:in the
1688:Ireland
1672:dieback
1612:culture
1582:called
1572:diploid
1568:haploid
1556:meiosis
1531:Biology
1525:species
1518:cristae
1502:haploid
1498:diploid
1460:diatoms
1104:removed
1089:sources
1013:Pythium
630:oogonia
571:oogonia
559:mýkitas
545:μύκητας
534:-mycete
408:oogonia
396:oospore
136:Class:
120:Gyrista
4132:230532
4129:uBio:
4122:555765
4106:NZOR:
4034:1OOMYC
3965:172230
3952:555765
3936:NZOR:
3850:groups
2617:Rictus
2568:Bigyra
2514:Plants
2451:Domain
2364:
2314:
2286:Nature
2262:
2252:
2196:
2125:
2115:
2068:
2038:
1975:
1965:
1916:
1810:, the
1796:, and
1779:Albugo
1698:, and
1617:Achlya
1580:spores
1570:, 2n:
1552:potato
1514:lysine
1490:chitin
1472:phylum
555:
517:
420:motile
400:hyphae
367:-like
365:fungus
355:), or
147:, 1880
145:Winter
4145:22154
4140:WoRMS
4086:90276
4073:52595
4047:90276
3960:WoRMS
3929:90274
3911:IRMNG
3903:52596
2541:Fungi
2362:S2CID
2323:(PDF)
2282:(PDF)
1842:p. 32
1668:genus
1566:, n:
1562:, K:
1558:, P:
1554:. M:
1468:class
1444:fungi
1016:sp. (
587:hypha
539:Greek
501:Greek
483:amber
476:algae
467:fungi
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
4099:4762
4094:NCBI
4055:GBIF
4029:EPPO
4021:5719
3916:1215
2312:PMID
2260:PMID
2216:link
2194:PMID
2123:PMID
2066:ISBN
2036:PMID
1973:PMID
1914:ISBN
1892:2023
1708:The
1657:The
1458:and
1087:any
1085:cite
681:The
674:The
667:The
660:The
653:The
646:The
617:and
566:lit.
528:lit.
458:(or
437:and
429:and
414:and
390:and
382:and
307:The
4016:EoL
3061:SII
2434:SAR
2354:doi
2350:111
2302:doi
2290:461
2250:PMC
2242:doi
2186:doi
2113:PMC
2103:doi
2028:doi
2024:109
1963:PMC
1955:doi
1678:in
1633:UDN
1614:of
1098:by
521:ōon
507:ωόν
496:oo-
97:SAR
4164::
4142::
4119::
4096::
4083::
4070::
4060:32
4057::
4044::
4031::
4018::
4003::
3988::
3962::
3949::
3926::
3913::
3900::
3885::
3233:PX
3194:SI
2436::
2432::
2360:.
2348:.
2318:.
2310:.
2300:.
2288:.
2284:.
2258:.
2248:.
2238:19
2236:.
2232:.
2192:.
2182:12
2180:.
2163:^
2143:,
2121:,
2111:,
2101:,
2091:10
2089:,
2064:.
2048:^
2034:.
2022:.
1996:.
1985:^
1971:.
1961:.
1953:.
1943:75
1941:.
1937:.
1900:^
1883:.
1877:.
1786:,
1764:,
1757:).
1694:,
1674:,
1610:A
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613:,
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511:,
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2007:.
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