Osteopathy - Knowledge

1724:, which is inhibited during treatment by applying a position of mild strain in the direction exactly opposite to that of the reflex. After a counterstrain point tender to palpation has been diagnosed, the identified tender point is treated by the osteopathic physician who, while monitoring the tender point, positions the patient such that the point is no longer tender to palpation. This position is held for ninety seconds and the patient is subsequently returned to their normal posture. Most often this position of ease is usually achieved by shortening the muscle of interest. Improvement or resolution of the tenderness at the identified counterstrain point is the desired outcome. The use of counterstrain technique is contraindicated in patients with severe osteoporosis, pathology of the 2375:(GOsC) regulates the practice of osteopathy under the terms of the Act. Under British law, an osteopath must be registered with the GOsC to practice in the United Kingdom. More than 5,300 osteopaths were registered in the UK as of 2021. The General Osteopathic Council has a statutory duty to promote, develop and regulate the profession of osteopathy in the UK. Its duty is to protect the interests of the public by ensuring that all osteopaths maintain high standards of safety, competence and professional conduct throughout their professional lives. In order to be registered with the General Osteopathic Council an osteopath must hold a recognized qualification that meets the standards as set out by law in the GOsC's Standard of Practice. 1504:

in the medical marketplace, with both practitioners attempting to discredit the other. The osteopathic physicians—those who are now referred to as DO's—argued that the non-osteopathic physicians had an overly mechanistic approach to treating patients, treated the symptoms of disease instead of the original causes, and were blind to the harm they were causing their patients. Other practitioners had a similar argument, labeling osteopathic medicine as unfounded, passive, and dangerous to a disease-afflicted patient. This was the medical environment that pervaded throughout the 19th century, and the setting Still entered when he began developing his idea of osteopathy.

2368:. After many years of existing outside the mainstream of health care provision, the osteopathic profession in the UK was accorded formal recognition by Parliament in 1993 by the Osteopaths Act. This legislation now provides the profession of osteopathy the same legal framework of statutory self-regulation as other healthcare professions such as medicine and dentistry. This Act provides for "protection of title". A person who expressly or implicitly describes themself as an osteopath, osteopathic practitioner, osteopathic physician, osteopathist, osteotherapist, or any kind of osteopath is guilty of an offence unless they are registered as an osteopath. 2040:. The two groups are so distinct that in practice they function as separate professions. The regulation of non-physician manual medicine osteopaths varies greatly between jurisdictions. In Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Switzerland, the UAE and the UK, non-physician manual medicine osteopaths are regulated by statute; their practice of osteopathy requires registration with the relevant regulatory authority. The Osteopathic International Alliance (OIA) publishes a country guide that details registration and practice rights, while the International Osteopathic Association maintains a list of all accredited osteopathic colleges. 54: 1977:. The article attracted a letter from the law firm representing the AOA accusing Barrett of libel and demanding an apology to avert legal action. In response, Barrett made some slight modifications to his text, while maintaining its overall stance; he queried the AOA's reference to "the body's natural tendency toward good health", and challenged them to "provide with adequate scientific evidence showing how this belief has been tested and demonstrated to be true." Barrett has been quoted as saying, "the pseudoscience within osteopathy can't compete with the science". 2224:

Eastern and North African countries, including Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Oman. In December 2007 the first Workshop on Global osteopathic approach was held at the Nasser Institute Hospital for Research and Treatment, sponsored by the Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Cairo, Egypt. On 6 August 2010, the Egyptian Osteopathic Society (OsteoEgypt) was founded. OsteoEgypt promotes a two-tier model of osteopathy in Egypt and the Middle East. The event was timed to coincide with the birthday of A.T. Still.

1539:. In the early 20th century, osteopaths across the United States sought to establish law that would legitimize their medical degree to the standard of the modern medic. The processes were arduous, and not without conflict. In some states, it took years for the bills to be passed. Osteopaths were often ridiculed and in some cases arrested, but in each state, osteopaths managed to achieve the legal acknowledgement and action they set out to pursue. In 1898 the American Institute of Osteopathy started the 1421: 1524:, Still began practicing manipulative procedures that intended to restore harmony in the body. Over the course of the next twenty five years, Still attracted support for his medical philosophy that disapproved of orthodox medicine, and shaped his philosophy for osteopathy. Components included the idea that structure and function are interrelated and the importance of each piece of the body in the harmonious function of its whole. 1891:

treatment for pneumonia in adults." Techniques investigated in the study included paraspinal inhibition, rib raising, and myofascial release. The review found that OMT did not reduce mortality and did not increase cure rate, but that OMT slightly reduced the duration of hospital stay and antibiotic use. A 2013 systematic review of the use of OMT for treating pediatric conditions concluded that its effectiveness was unproven.

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medical professions. In 2011, the former Belgian Minister Onkelinx set up the Chambers for Non-Conventional Medicines and the Joint Commission provided for in the "Colla-law" (1999). Their goal was to discuss and reach an agreement between the various medical professions to rule on these practices. In February 2014, only one practice, homeopathy, received its recognition. The others, including osteopathy, remain unresolved.

1487:, that the body's natural state tends toward health and inherently contains the capacity to battle any illness. This was opposed to orthodox practitioners, who held that intervention by a physician was necessary to restore health in the patient. Still established the basis for osteopathy, and the division between alternative medicine and traditional medicine had already been a major conflict for decades. 135: 2069: 2162:

estimated that there are over 1,300 osteopathic manual practitioners in Canada, most of whom practice in Quebec and Ontario. Some sources indicate that there are between 1,000 and 1,200 osteopaths practicing in the province of Quebec, and although this number might seem quite elevated, many osteopathy clinics are adding patients on waiting lists due to a shortage of osteopaths in the province.

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of evaluating new training programs offered by the university, had judged that the program had its place at Université Laval before receiving the unfavourable support decision from the faculty of medicine. Had the program been implemented, Université Laval would have been the first university institution in Quebec to offer a professional program in osteopathy as a manual therapy.

1958:, Jordan J. Cohen, pinpointed OMT as a defining difference between MDs and DOs; while he saw there was no quarrel in the appropriateness of manipulation for musculoskeletal treatment, the difficulty centered on "applying manipulative therapy to treat other systemic diseases"—at that point, Cohen maintained, "we enter the realm of skepticism on the part of the allopathic world." 2333:

regulated by the HPCA act work within the "Scope of Practice" determined and published by its professional board or council. Osteopaths in New Zealand are not fully licensed physicians. In New Zealand, in addition to the general scope of practice, osteopaths may also hold the Scope of Practice for Osteopaths using western medical acupuncture and related needling techniques.

2340:(Unitec). Australasian courses consist of a bachelor's degree in clinical science (osteopathy) followed by a master's degree. The Unitec double degree programme is the OCNZ prescribed qualification for registration in the scope of practice: Australian qualifications accredited by the Australian and New Zealand Osteopathic Council are also prescribed qualifications. 6125: 2300:" law. Heilpraktiker is a separate profession within the health care system. There are many schools of osteopathy in Germany; most are moving toward national recognition although such recognition does not currently exist. In Germany, there are state level rules governing which persons (non-physicians) may call themselves osteopaths. 5331: 2121:

private practice care. The majority of private health insurance providers cover treatment performed by osteopaths, as do many government based schemes such as veteran's affairs or workers compensations schemes In addition, treatment performed by osteopaths is covered by the public healthcare system in Australia (

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Students training to be an osteopath in Australia must study in an approved program in an accredited university. Current accredited courses are either four or five years in length. To achieve accreditation universities courses must demonstrate the capabilities of graduates. The capabilities are based

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In 1999, Joel D. Howell noted that osteopathy and medicine as practiced by MDs were becoming increasingly convergent. He suggested that this raised a paradox: "if osteopathy has become the functional equivalent of allopathy, what is the justification for its continued existence? And if there is value

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The American Medical Association listed DOs as "cultists" and deemed MD consultation of DOs unethical from 1923 until 1962. MDs regarded that osteopathic treatments were rooted in "pseudoscientific dogma", and although physicians from both branches of medicine have been able to meet on common ground,

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says there is "limited evidence" that osteopathy "may be effective for some types of neck, shoulder or lower limb pain and recovery after hip or knee operations", but that there is no evidence that osteopathy is effective as a treatment for health conditions unrelated to the bones and muscles. Others

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years of discussion, planning, and preparation for the program implementation. There was some controversy with the final decision of the university's committee regarding the continuous undergraduate and professional graduate program in osteopathy because the Commission of studies, which is in charge

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Osteopathy Australia (formerly the Australian Osteopathic Association) is a national organization representing the interests of Australian osteopaths, osteopathy as a profession in Australia, and consumers' right to access osteopathic services. Founded in 1955 in Victoria, the Australian Osteopathic

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Several international and national organizations are involved in osteopathic education and political advocacy. The OIA is an international body that oversees national osteopathic and osteopathic medical associations, statutory regulators, and universities or medical schools offering osteopathic and

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stated that DOs trained in the U.S. are Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine and are legally equivalent to MDs. "They must be distinguished from 'osteopaths', members of a less regulated or unregulated profession that is practiced in many countries. Osteopaths get inferior training that can't be compared

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basis. Full licensure to practice medicine is awarded on an exceptions basis following a hearing before the licensing authorities in New Zealand. Both the Medical Council of New Zealand and the OCNZ regulate osteopathic physicians in New Zealand. Currently, the country has no recognized osteopathic

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and prescribing chemicals such as mercury, becoming the forefront in therapeutics. Alternative medicine had its beginnings in the early 19th century, when gentler practices in comparison to heroic medicine began to emerge. As each side sought to defend its practice, a schism began to present itself

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began to localize the causes and nature of diseases to specific organs and tissues. Doctors began shifting their focus from the patient to the internal state of the body, resulting in an issue labeled as the problem of the "vanishing patient". A stronger movement towards experimental and scientific

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Osteopathic medicine is regulated by the General Osteopathic Council, (GOsC) under the terms of the Osteopaths Act 1993 and statement from the GMC. Practising osteopaths will usually have a BS or MSc in osteopathy. Accelerated courses leading to accreditation are available for those with a medical

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A 2018 large scale study, representing a response rate of 49.1% of the profession indicated the average age of the participants was 38.0 years, with 58.1% being female and the majority holding a Bachelor or higher degree qualification for osteopathy. The study also estimated a total of 3.9 million

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High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) manipulation is a technique which employs a rapid, targeted, therapeutic force of brief duration that travels a short distance within the anatomic range of motion of a joint and engages the restrictive barrier in one or more places of motion to elicit release of

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This edition 1902; copyright 1892. Chapters: Preface; Introduction; I. Important Studies; II. Some Substances of the Body; III. Divisions of the Body; IV. Head, Face, and Scalp; Chapter V. The Neck; VI. The Thorax; VII. The Diaphragm; VIII. The Abdomen; IX. The Pelvis; X. Fevers; XI. Biogen; XII.

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Osteopaths registered and in good standing with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency – Osteopathy Board of Australian are eligible to register in New Zealand under the mutual recognition system operating between the two countries. Graduates from programs in every other country are

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Hesham Khalil introduced osteopathy in the Middle East at a local physical therapy conference in Cairo, Egypt in 2005 with a lecture titled "The global Osteopathic Concept / Holistic approach in Somatic Dysfunction". Since then he has toured the Middle East to introduce osteopathy in other Middle

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The non-physician manual practice of osteopathy is practiced in most Canadian provinces. As of 2014, manual osteopathic practice is not a government-regulated health profession in any province, and those interested in pursuing osteopathic studies must register in private osteopathy schools. It is

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is a form of alternative treatment. The practitioners claim to treat skeletal muscle immobility and pain by relaxing contracted muscles. Palpatory feedback by the practitioner is said to be an integral part to achieving a release of myofascial tissues, accomplished by relaxing contracted muscles,

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One integral tenet of osteopathy is that problems in the body's anatomy can affect its proper functioning. Another tenet is the body's innate ability to heal itself. Many of osteopathic medicine's manipulative techniques are aimed at reducing or eliminating the impediments to proper structure and

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Since the early 1970s, osteopaths have been practicing in Belgium, during which time several attempts have been made to obtain an official status of health care profession. In 1999, a law was voted (the 'Colla-Law') providing a legal framework for osteopathy, amongst three other non-conventional

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A majority of osteopaths work in private practice, with osteopaths working within aged care, traffic and workers compensation schemes or co-located with medical practitioners. Osteopaths are not considered physicians or medical doctors in Australia, rather as allied health professionals offering

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of the patient's muscle. Once the patient relaxes, their range of motion increases slightly. The repetition of alternating cycles of contraction and subsequent relaxation help the treated muscle improve its range of motion. Muscle energy techniques are contraindicated in patients with fractures,

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continuity"—a tissue layer that "links every part of the body with every other part". Osteopaths attempt to diagnose and treat what was originally called "the osteopathic lesion", but which is now named "somatic dysfunction", by manipulating a person's bones and muscles. Osteopathic Manipulative

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Osteopathy has been a recognized health profession since 1994 in Finland. It is regulated by law along with chiropractors and naprapaths. These professions require at least a four-year education. Currently there are three osteopathic schools in Finland, one which is public and two private ones.

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reviewed six randomized controlled trials which investigated the effect of four types of chest physiotherapy (including OMT) as adjunctive treatments for pneumonia in adults and concluded that "based on current limited evidence, chest physiotherapy might not be recommended as routine additional

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Still sought to establish a new medical school that could produce physicians trained under this philosophy, and be prepared to compete against the orthodox physicians. He established the American School of Osteopathy on 20 May 1892, in Kirksville, Missouri, with twenty-one students in the first

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system, and that osteopathic manipulations could solve these problems by harnessing the body's own self-repairing potential. Still's patients were forbidden from treatment by conventional medicine, as well as from other practices such as drinking alcohol. These practices derive from the belief,

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their arm, the treating physician raises the patient's arm near the end of the patient's range of motion, also called the edge of the restrictive barrier. The patient then tries to lower their arm, while the physician provides resistance. This resistance against the patient's motion allows for

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wrote that OMT was promoted as a special distinguishing element of DO training, but that it amounted to no more than "'extra' training in pseudoscientific practices." It has been suggested that osteopathic physicians may be more likely than MDs to be involved in questionable practices such as

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which came into effect on 18 September 2004. Under the act, it is a legal requirement to be registered with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand (OCNZ), and to hold an annual practicing certificate issued by them, in order to practice as an osteopath. Each of the fifteen health professions

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which is the regulatory body for all recognized health care professions in Australia. The Osteopathic Board of Australia is separate from the Medical Board of Australia which is the governing body that regulates medical practitioners. Osteopaths trained internationally may be eligible for

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Osteopathy is a governmentally recognized health profession and the title of Osteopath is protected by Law (Act 45/2003, of 22 October, and Act 71/2013, of 2 September). Currently there are eight faculties that teach the four-year degree course of osteopathy (BSc Hon in Osteopathy).

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and noting that the current orthodox medical system could not save them, Still may have been prompted to shape his reformist attitudes towards conventional medicine. Still set out to reform the orthodox medical scene and establish a practice that did not so readily resort to drugs,

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So other than a lower admissions standard and the focus on a pseudoscientific belief system, there is no difference between the two educational systems. So why should this two-tiered system even exist? It is time to rid ourselves of this pre-scientific, dual system of medical

1918:. A 2013 systematic review found insufficient evidence to rate osteopathic manipulation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. In 2011, a systematic review found no compelling evidence that osteopathic manipulation was effective for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. 2295:

are not medically licensed. They have an average total of 1200 hours of training, roughly half being in manual therapy and osteopathy, with no medical specialization before they attain their degree. Non-physician osteopaths in Germany officially work under the

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In Canada, the titles "osteopath" and "osteopathic physician" are protected in some provinces by the medical regulatory college for physicians and surgeons. As of 2011, there were approximately 20 U.S.-trained osteopathic physicians, all of which held a

1532:, was the starting point from which was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions". He would eventually claim that he could "shake a child and stop scarlet fever, croup, diphtheria, and cure whooping cough in three days by a wring of its neck." 2428:

Those trained only in manual osteopathic treatment, generally to relieve muscular and skeletal conditions, are referred to as osteopaths, and are not permitted to use the title DO in the United States to avoid confusion with osteopathic physicians.

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function so the self-healing mechanism can assume its role in restoring a person to health. Osteopathic medicine defines a concept of health care that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure (anatomy) and function (

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Practitioners who perform myofascial release consider the fascia and its corresponding muscle to be the main targets of their procedure, but assert that other tissue may be affected as well, including other connective tissue. Fascia is the

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There is no European regulatory authority for the practice of osteopathy or osteopathic medicine within the European Union; each country has its own rules. The UK's General Osteopathic Council, a regulatory body set up under the country's

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A workforce survey of Australian osteopathy: analysis of a nationally representative sample of osteopaths from the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project, Adams et al. BMC Health Services Research (2018) 18:352

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class. Still described the foundations of osteopathy in his book "The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy" in 1892. He named his new school of medicine "osteopathy", reasoning that "the bone,

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patients consulted osteopaths every year in Australia. Most osteopaths work in referral relationships with a range of other health services, managing patients primarily with musculoskeletal disorders.

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Wong CK, Abraham T, Karimi P, Ow-Wing C (April 2014). "Strain counterstrain technique to decrease tender point palpation pain compared to control conditions: A systematic review with meta-analysis".

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The Master of Osteopathy is the only New Zealand-based programme that enables you to register with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand, and to enter practice as an osteopath in New Zealand.

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When the state of Missouri granted the right to award the MD degree, he remained dissatisfied with the limitations of conventional medicine and instead chose to retain the distinction of the

6339: 5263:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to teaching exemptions likely to be granted with a view to preparing for the diploma allowing the use of the title of osteopath - Legifrance]. 6319: 3546: 2585: 2422: 1266: 5261:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif aux dispenses d'enseignement susceptibles d'être accordées en vue de la préparation au diplôme permettant d'user du titre d'ostéopathe - Legifrance" 3177: 6334: 1286: 1621:, use similar techniques. Indeed, many DOs do not practice OMT at all, and, over time, DOs in general practice use OMT less and less and instead apply the common medical treatments. 1188: 6157: 2767: 1864:. The first modern lymphatic pump technique was developed in 1920, although osteopathic physicians used various forms of lymphatic techniques as early as the late 19th century. 6324: 2413:

be reserved for "informal or historical discussions and for referring to previously named entities in the profession and foreign-trained osteopaths", and replaced in the US by

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in therapy that is uniquely osteopathic – that is, based on osteopathic manipulation or other techniques – why should its use be limited to osteopaths?"

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classified osteopathy as one of the "paranormal" forms of alternative medicine, commenting that it has a view of disease which had no meaning outside its own closed system.

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A 2005 Cochrane review of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in asthma treatment concluded that there was insufficient evidence that OMT can be used to treat asthma.

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medicine was then developed. In the perspective of the DO physicians, the sympathy and holism that were integral to medicine in the past were left behind.

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Osteopathic manipulation is still included in the curricula of osteopathic physicians or Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) training in the US. The

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A 2018 systematic review found that there is no evidence for the reliability or specific efficacy of the techniques used in visceral osteopathy.

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Association became a national body in 1991 and became Osteopathy Australia in 2014. and is a member of the Osteopathic International Alliance.

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s 4 November 1999 issue concluded that patients with chronic low back pain can be treated effectively with manipulation. The United Kingdom's

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Kasper, Dennis L.; Braunwald, Eugene; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Jameson, J. Larry; Isselbacher, Kurt J. (2005).

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The first school of osteopathy was established in London in 1917 by John Martin Littlejohn, a pupil of A.T. Still, who had been Dean of the

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have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to suggest efficacy for osteopathic style manipulation in treating musculoskeletal pain.

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Muscle energy techniques address somatic dysfunction through stretching and muscle contraction. For example, if a person is unable to fully

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in osteopathy as manual therapy. However, due to the many doubts concerning the scientific credibility of osteopathy from the university's

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Posadzki P, Ernst E (February 2011). "Osteopathy for musculoskeletal pain patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials".

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Physiotherapists are a recognized health profession and can achieve a degree of "Diploma in Osteopathic Therapy (D.O.T.)". Non-physician

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Smallpox; XIII. Obesity; XIV. Ear-Wax and Its Uses; XV. Convulsions; XVI. Obstetrics. Link to read online, or download in many formats.

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Counterstrain is a system of diagnosis and treatment that considers the physical dysfunction to be a continuing, inappropriate strain

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degree and physiotherapists. The London College of Osteopathic Medicine teaches osteopathy only to those who are already physicians.

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The osteopathic profession has evolved into two branches: non-physician manual medicine osteopaths and full-scope medical practice

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degree, practicing in all of Canada. As of 2014, no training programs have been established for osteopathic physicians in Canada.

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Posadzki, P.; Lee, M. S.; Ernst, E. (2013). "Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Review".

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and it was there that he founded the practice of osteopathy. Still claimed that human illness was rooted in problems with the

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Some osteopaths search for small lumps of tissue, called "Chapman release points" as part of their diagnostic procedure.

6206: 4470: 2448: 1082: 1007: 987: 915: 861: 4668: 4409: 1435: 567: 5697: 5670: 5644: 5390:"Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 No 48 (as at 1 August 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation" 2372: 1032: 950: 450: 5869: 5838: 4857: 2563: 5334:[Regulation of further training and examination regulations in the field of osteopathy- Hessen] (in German). 5935: 4798: 2827: 2824:"Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2801: 2745: 572: 391: 317: 2141:

on the CanMEDS competency framework that was developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

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Hondras, Maria A.; Linde, Klaus; Jones, Arthur P. (2005). Hondras, Maria A. (ed.). "Manual therapy for asthma".

1992:, wrote disparagingly of the "pseudoscience" at the foundation of OMT. In his view, "OMT will and should follow 1835:, overuse, trauma, infectious agents, or inactivity, often resulting in pain, muscle tension, and corresponding 5665: 4747: 4725: 1120: 287: 75: 53: 5229:"Arrêté du 29 septembre 2014 relatif à l'agrément des établissements de formation en ostéopathie - Légifrance" 5074: 3275: 2137:

registration in Australia, dependent on their level of training and following relevant competency assessment.

1361:. In most countries, practitioners of osteopathy are not medically trained and are referred to as osteopaths. 5278: 1910:. The same analysis also found moderate-quality evidence for pain reduction for nonspecific low back pain in 1450: 6474: 6231: 5260: 5242: 3052: 3017: 2982: 2947: 2854:

Among Free State leaders was Andrew T. Still, founder of osteopathy, whose theory of healing developed here.

1931: 1903: 1887: 1669: 1663: 1594: 836: 794: 722: 602: 237: 6479: 6201: 2013: 1429: 777: 767: 662: 6129: 5210: 4835: 3920:"Osteopathic manipulative treatment for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 81: 6401: 6246: 6241: 6211: 5389: 5024: 4168: 4022: 1541: 1155: 762: 692: 532: 332: 197: 4574: 4517:"Chronic Disease Management – Individual Allied Health Services under Medicare – Provider Information" 6221: 6057: 5213:[Decree No. 2014-1505 of December 12, 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance]. 3872: 2713: 2189: 2122: 1974: 1762: 1517: 1484: 1471: 1365: 1350: 1125: 854: 814: 637: 500: 428: 376: 297: 204: 149: 126: 68: 20: 2397:

in the United States is a physician trained in the full scope of medical practice, with a degree of

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Chen, Xiaomei; Jiang, Jiaojiao; Wang, Renjie; Fu, Hongbo; Lu, Jing; Yang, Ming (6 September 2022).

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Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in osteopathy. Parts of osteopathy, such as

1222: 772: 557: 470: 247: 177: 5363: 4140: 6236: 5156: 4268: 4193: 4047: 3897: 3740: 2680: 2317: 1989: 1798: 1746: 1742: 1674: 1562: 1475: 1467: 1140: 1115: 1052: 750: 577: 485: 465: 445: 371: 5927: 5455: 2193: 1613:. OMT techniques are not necessarily unique to osteopathic medicine; other disciplines, such as 4366: 3550: 1490:

The foundations of this divergence may be traced back to the mid-18th century when advances in

6103: 6084: 6061: 6051: 6036: 6017: 5981: 5815: 5740: 5228: 5196: 5148: 5036: 4608: 4260: 4220: 4185: 4100: 4039: 4002: 3951: 3889: 3852: 3834: 3795: 3752: 3721: 3713: 3666: 3660: 3602: 3521: 3483: 3361: 3114: 3106: 3060: 3025: 2990: 2955: 2920: 2886: 2717: 2655: 2637: 1911: 1895: 1824: 1687: 1683: 1654:; they serve, rather, as the underpinnings of the osteopathic approach to health and disease. 1602: 1508: 925: 682: 647: 552: 490: 438: 339: 101: 5614: 4773: 4646: 3056: 3046: 2986: 2976: 2707: 5211:"Décret n° 2014-1505 du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance" 5140: 5002: 4950: 4286: 4252: 4177: 4090: 4080: 4067:"Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review" 4031: 3992: 3982: 3941: 3931: 3881: 3842: 3826: 3787: 3703: 3592: 3513: 3475: 3139: 3096: 3021: 3011: 2951: 2941: 2912: 2629: 1997: 1985: 1861: 1766: 1725: 1629:). The AOA states that the four major principles of osteopathic medicine are the following: 1626: 1614: 1606: 1521: 1346: 940: 702: 562: 349: 5102:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Asetus terveydenhuollon ammattihenkilöistä 564/1994" 4887: 1462: 'pain, suffering') began in the United States in 1874. The profession was founded by 5968: 5636: 5491: 2089: 2008: 1962: 1827:

that provides support and protection for most structures within the human body, including

1699: 1590: 1496: 1479: 1420: 1110: 1067: 652: 642: 517: 480: 418: 386: 381: 354: 292: 262: 5332:"Verordnung einer Weiterbildungs- und Prüfungsordnung im Bereich der Osteopathie- Hessen" 4491: 3504:

Wong CK (February 2012). "Strain counterstrain: Current concepts and clinical evidence".

3321: 3085:"A Degree of Difference: The Origins of Osteopathy and First Use of the "DO" Designation" 5599: 3379: 6428: 6226: 5306: 5104:[FINLEX ® - Current legislation: Decree on healthcare professionals 564/1994]. 5101: 4240: 4095: 4066: 3997: 3970: 3946: 3919: 3847: 3814: 3597: 1948: 1867:

Relative contraindications for the use of lymphatic pump treatments include fractures,

1851: 1808: 1774: 1651: 1403: 1087: 960: 727: 712: 627: 547: 542: 6053:

Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit

1906:

that OMT reduces pain and improves functional status in acute and chronic nonspecific

6458: 6216: 5778: 5245:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance]. 5160: 3971:"Osteopathic intervention in chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review" 3158: 2297: 1907: 1899: 1782: 1778: 1758: 1750: 1738: 1728:, and in patients who are very ill or cannot voluntarily relax during the procedure. 1715: 1691: 1375: 1354: 1342: 1022: 997: 905: 895: 707: 622: 537: 460: 423: 366: 344: 232: 182: 4272: 4197: 4051: 3295: 6071: 5430:"The Department of Internal Affairs: New Zealand Gazette – The New Zealand Gazette" 5128: 4387: 3901: 3830: 3791: 3676: 3281: 2024: 2001: 1695: 1679: 1618: 1500: 1077: 1047: 920: 799: 687: 612: 512: 507: 413: 408: 359: 322: 267: 252: 32: 5574: 4290: 2084:

It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly

6365: 5774: 4343: 2916: 2633: 2511: 2175: 1820: 1637: 1037: 955: 667: 592: 587: 527: 307: 277: 227: 222: 187: 134: 5243:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance" 4669:"Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Approved Programs of Study" 4065:

Guillaud, Albin; Darbois, Nelly; Monvoisin, Richard; Pinsault, Nicolas (2018).

3517: 3479: 3249: 23:

practice, mostly outside of the United States. For the medical discipline, see

6288: 5144: 4181: 4085: 4035: 2017: 1993: 1969:

said that the worth of manipulative therapy had been exaggerated and that the

1966: 1786: 1513: 1491: 1370: 1276: 1214: 1135: 632: 607: 495: 242: 192: 94: 5152: 3987: 3936: 3838: 3717: 3110: 2796:

Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital

4926: 4713: 4413: 3741:"Manual Techniques Addressing the Lymphatic System: Origins and Development" 2188:

on a project to implement a professional osteopathy program consisting of a

1915: 1914:

and low-quality evidence for pain reduction in nonspecific low back pain in

1558: 1553: 1499:

became the convention for treating patients, with aggressive practices like

1392: 1387: 1057: 1017: 992: 697: 657: 522: 36: 4189: 4104: 4043: 4006: 3955: 3893: 3885: 3856: 3799: 3756: 3725: 3606: 3578: 3525: 3487: 3365: 3118: 2890: 2770:. Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri. Archived from 2641: 1856:

Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) is a manual technique intended to encourage

6124: 5877: 5854: 4973: 4861: 4264: 3708: 3691: 3101: 3084: 2571: 4886:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from 4834:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from 3345:"Center or periphery? The future of osteopathic principles and practices" 2185: 1836: 1770: 1646:

Rational therapy is based on consideration of the first three principles.

1610: 1379: 1338: 1236: 970: 878: 717: 171: 5541: 5411: 4806: 3690:

Pierce-Talsma, Stacey; Cuny, Lee Ann; Franzini, Danielle (1 July 2018).

2237:, issued a position paper on European regulation of osteopathy in 2005. 6135: 5456:"Master of Osteopathy courses, postgraduate study for a masters degree" 4691:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Capabilities for osteopathic practice" 4256: 4166:

Posadzki, P.; Ernst, E. (2011). "Osteopathy for Musculoskeletal Pain".

2328:

The practice of osteopathy is regulated by law, under the terms of the

2200:, the program developers decided to abandon the project in 2011, after 1868: 1650:

These principles are not held by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine to be

1598: 1062: 980: 945: 935: 677: 4996:"hisham khalil: aliastiubathiu eilaj yastahdif aleard walays almarad" 3143: 1374: as having no therapeutic value and have been labeled by them as 6387: 6081:

Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Practice

4320: 3200: 1828: 1812: 1721: 1640:, having the inherent capacity to defend, repair, and remodel itself. 1578: 1570: 1529: 1455: 1440: 1150: 975: 930: 597: 2564:"Promoting DOs: Words and medium change, but message stays the same" 2266:

is a governmentally recognized profession and has title protection,

1545:

and by that time four states recognized osteopathy as a profession.

1470:

surgeon, and Kansas territorial and state legislator. He lived near

5666:"Standards of education and training - General Osteopathic Council" 3133: 2272:. The most recent decree regarding osteopathy was enacted in 2014. 2004:, and other outdated practices into the pages of medical history." 1807:

increasing circulation and lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the

3382:. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) 3160:

The philosophy and mechanical principles of osteopathy (full text)

1872: 1857: 1574: 1552: 1419: 1027: 1002: 883: 433: 6102:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 6016:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 5959:

American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (2011);

5870:"Promoting DOs: Words, medium change, but message stays the same" 2877:

Guglielmo, WJ (1998). "Are D.O.s losing their unique identity?".

2401:(DO). With the increased internationalization of osteopathy, the 1737:

restriction. The use of HVLA is contraindicated in patients with

6031:

Savarese, Robert G.; Copabianco, John D.; Cox, James J. (2009).

2907:

McKone, W. Llewellyn (1 January 1997). "History of osteopathy".

1566: 1358: 1012: 866: 6139: 5031:. 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. 4530: 1507:

After experiencing the loss of his wife and three daughters to

4144: 2798:, Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2768:"Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883" 2740:

Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874

2062: 1871:

or localized infections, and severe bacterial infections with

6050:

Smith, J.C. (2009). "Manipulative and Body-based Practices".

5131:[What is osteopathy? Part 1: Osteopathy in Finland]. 4799:"MSUCOM pilot program targets Canadian students for training" 4601:"Board of Australia Codes & Guidelines of the Profession" 4457:"Osteopathic services | Department of Veterans' Affairs" 4435: 4119:"Osteopathic Manipulative Therpay & OMT Cleveland Clinic" 3277:

History of Osteopathy: And Twentieth-century Medical Practice

16:

Alternative medicine emphasizing muscle and bone manipulation

4578: 3543:"Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology, November 2011 Edition" 3048:

Natures Cures:The History of Alternative Medicine in America

3013:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2978:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2943:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2742:, Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2483:"Osteopathy in the NICU: False Claims and False Dichotomies" 5346:"Iniciativa - Atividade Parlamentar e Processo Legislativo" 4625: 1391:

Treatment (OMT) techniques are most commonly used to treat

965: 5719: 5520: 4924:[Université Laval closes the door to osteopathy]. 4826: 4824: 4552: 3646: 3634: 3448: 3436: 2510:. NYU Langone Medical Center. 23 July 2012. Archived from 4291:"The Elephant in the Room: Does OMT Have Proved Benefit?" 1633:

The body is an integrated unit of mind, body, and spirit.

58:

OMT technique for the treatment of impotence in the 1898

2423:

American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine

6012:

DiGiovanna, Eileen; Schiowitz, S; Dowling, DD (2005).

5892:"H315-A/15 Osteopath and Osteopathy - Use of the Term" 2077:

A major contributor to this section appears to have a

4726:"Ontario Medicine Act – Restricted Titles, Section 9" 3769: 3619: 2620:

Howell, Joel D. (1999). "The Paradox of Osteopathy".

1643:

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.

1483:

common in the early 19th century among proponents of

1406:

and is no longer a degree of non-medical osteopathy.

1382:. The techniques are based on an ideology created by 5997:"Pump it up: osteopathic manipulation and influenza" 5767:"Chapter 10. Complementary and Alternative Medicine" 5025:"Position Statement on the draft Services Directive" 4577:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 4490:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 4412:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 2047:

The following sections describe the legal status of

1353:

that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's

6411: 6379: 6353: 6302: 6281: 6255: 6192: 6171: 4998:هشام خليل: الاستيوباثي علاج يستهدف العرض وليس المرض 4922:"L'Université Laval ferme la porte à l'ostéopathie" 4860:. Canadian Federation of Osteopaths. Archived from 3745:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

3696:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

3089:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

2709:

Manipulative Therapies: Osteopathy and Chiropractic

2586:"Style Guide for Reporting on Osteopathic Medicine" 1973:(AOA) was acting unethically by failing to condemn 1954:In a 1995 conference address, the president of the 100: 88: 74: 67: 46: 6014:An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment 5127:Hopeapuu, Elessar; Ulvinen, Anssi (15 June 2022). 3665:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 568. 2588:. American Osteopathic Association. Archived from 2330:Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 1557:Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) involves 1416:Osteopathic medicine in the United States: History 4974:"The History of the Egyptian Osteopathic Society" 4213:The Feminine Touch: Women in Osteopathic Medicine 3402:"Statement of Healthcare Policies and Principles" 3222:"Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation" 2132:The Osteopathy Board of Australia is part of the 5129:"Mitä osteopatia on? Osa 1: Osteopatia Suomessa" 5077:[Development of Osteopathy in Belgium]. 4626:"Australia Health Professions Regulatory Agency" 3630: 3628: 3499: 3497: 2134:Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency 1831:. This soft tissue can become restricted due to 1765:. HVLA is also contraindicated in patients with 4620: 4618: 2405:(AOA) recommended in 2010 that the older terms 5978:Osteopathy in Britain: The First Hundred Years 5604:Link to both original act and latest revision. 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 3577:Roberge, Raymond J.; Roberge, Marc R. (2009). 2344:required to complete an assessment procedure. 6151: 3913: 3911: 3815:"Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults" 2269:autorisation d'utiliser le titre d'ostéopathe 2125:) under the Chronic Disease Management plan. 1386:(1828–1917) which posits the existence of a " 1311: 1182: 8: 5075:"Développement de l'Ostéopathie en Belgique" 4555:. Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA) 4553:"Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA)" 3918:Franke H, Franke JD, Fryer G (August 2014). 3572: 3570: 3568: 3163:. Kansas City, Mo.: Hudson-Kimberly Pub. Co. 2444:List of medical schools in the United States 2267: 1749:, and in pathologic bone conditions such as 4750:British Columbia Medical Practitioners Act, 3819:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3461: 3459: 3457: 3280:. Press of Jennings and Graham – via 6158: 6144: 6136: 5868:Croby, John B. Crosby (3 September 2010). 5771:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 4243:(April 1988). "Paranormal health claims". 4072:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3468:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2336:In New Zealand a course is offered at the 2320:offers BSc and MSc Osteopathy programmes. 1466:, a 19th-century American physician (MD), 1318: 1304: 1200: 1189: 1175: 258:Association for Research and Enlightenment 113: 52: 6179:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 4714:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3158-y 4094: 4084: 3996: 3986: 3945: 3935: 3926:(Systematic review & meta-analysis). 3846: 3707: 3596: 3274:Booth, Emmons Rutledge (1 January 1905). 3100: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2454:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 2389:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 2108:Learn how and when to remove this message 1902:of 15 randomized controlled trials found 1732:High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation 1206:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 29:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 5720:"London College of Osteopathic Medicine" 4649:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au. 1 January 2022 3647:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3635:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3537: 3535: 3449:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3437:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3269: 3267: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 1956:Association of American Medical Colleges 5061:Service Public Fédéral - Santé publique 4647:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Forms" 4346:. National Council Against Health Fraud 4316:"Osteopathic Physicians Versus Doctors" 3784:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3692:"Osteopathic Lymphatic Pump Techniques" 3470:(Systematic review and meta-analysis). 2470: 2366:Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine 1221: 1203: 125: 5034: 4752:Section 40 Registration of Osteopaths" 1875:higher than 102 °F (39 °C). 1706:, severe illness, and recent surgery. 43: 5839:"AOA House reasserts preferred terms 5837:Schierhorn, Carolyn (4 August 2010). 5564:"Osteopathic Medicine in New Zealand" 5175:"Article 75, Public Health Law(2002)" 3584:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 3227:. State of New Jersey. Archived from 3078: 3076: 2902: 2900: 2476: 2474: 2347:The scope of practice for US-trained 1777:or vertebral arteries. People taking 1428:The practice of osteopathy (from 7: 6100:Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine 5542:"Osteopathic Council of New Zealand" 4575:"Osteopathic International Alliance" 4436:"Osteopathic International Alliance" 4314:Salzberg, Steven (27 October 2010). 2508:"Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment" 1761:, osteoporosis, and severe cases of 6263:List of osteopathic medical schools 5962:Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology 5818:. U.S. National Library of Medicine 4953:. Physical Therapists of Egypt Blog 4390:(2021). "Osteopathy Then and Now". 3770:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009 3662:Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine 3620:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009 1984:In 2004, the osteopathic physician 1944:tensions between the two continue. 1925:The New England Journal of Medicine 1232:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) 6083:. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes. 5571:Osteopathic International Alliance 5488:Osteopathic International Alliance 5303:Osteopathic International Alliance 5029:General Osteopathic Council (GOsC) 3199:Carroll, R.T. (27 November 2015). 1395:and other musculoskeletal issues. 14: 4342:Jarvis, W.T. (29 December 2000). 3083:Gevitz, Norman (1 January 2014). 1257:Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine 328:Chiropractic treatment techniques 6123: 5899:American Osteopathic Association 5816:"Doctor of Osteopathic medicine" 5521:"Medical Council of New Zealand" 5364:"Faculty of Health and Wellness" 5057:"Pratiques non-conventionnelles" 4858:"Who is an Osteopath in Canada?" 4365:Barrett, S. (11 February 2018). 3549:. pp. 30–31. Archived from 3409:American Osteopathic Association 2909:Osteopathic Athletic Health Care 2826:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from 2800:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from 2403:American Osteopathic Association 2088:. Please discuss further on the 2067: 2044:osteopathic medical education. 1971:American Osteopathic Association 1587:American Osteopathic Association 1213: 1131:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity 133: 31:. For diseases of the bone, see 6395:Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 6340:Directors and Medical Educators 4920:Allard, Marc (3 October 2011). 4776:Alberta Medical Profession Act, 4367:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy" 3322:"What Is Osteopathic Medicine?" 3132:Peter, Wagner (11 April 2011). 2656:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy" 2622:New England Journal of Medicine 2562:Crosby, J. (3 September 2010). 2425:made a similar recommendation. 2181:Collège d'études ostéopathiques 1522:magnetic and electrical healing 167:Alternative veterinary medicine 6345:American Academy of Osteopathy 6268:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 6184:Osteopathic medicine in Canada 5795:. North Carolina Medical Board 5746:. American Medical Association 5517:Medical Council of New Zealand 4344:"Osteopathy's Sectarian Roots" 3831:10.1002/14651858.CD006338.pub4 3792:10.1002/14651858.CD001002.pub2 3380:"What is Osteopathic Medicine" 2681:"Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly" 2439:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 2399:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 2338:Unitec Institute of Technology 2156:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 1400:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 790:Water fluoridation controversy 746:Big Pharma conspiracy theories 25:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 1: 5617:. General Osteopathic Council 4728:. Province of Ontario, Canada 4217:Truman State University Press 3975:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 3924:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 3182:Early American Manual Therapy 3157:Still, Andrew Taylor (1892). 2911:. Springer US. pp. 1–9. 2706:Vincent C, Furnham A (1997). 1704:vertebrobasilar insufficiency 1223:Andrew Taylor Still (founder) 1161:Wilson's temperature syndrome 1146:Multiple chemical sensitivity 273:Biological terrain assessment 6207:Balanced ligamentous tension 5995:Crislip M (4 October 2013). 3969:Orrock PJ, Myers SP (2013). 3246:"Osteopathic Virtual Museum" 2449:List of osteopathic colleges 5698:General Osteopathic Council 5671:General Osteopathic Council 5645:General Osteopathic Council 5481:"Osteopathy in New Zealand" 3176:Webster, George V. (1919). 2917:10.1007/978-1-4899-3067-5_1 2885:(8): 200–2, 207–10, 213–4. 2634:10.1056/NEJM199911043411910 2373:General Osteopathic Council 2192:followed by a professional 2032:Regulation and legal status 1424:Andrew Taylor Still in 1914 1337:, which is a branch of the 822:Alternative medical systems 451:Fabunan Antiviral Injection 217:Fringe medicine and science 6496: 5980:. London: Martin Collins. 5936:Cambridge University Press 5637:"Training and registering" 4832:"Who Provides Osteopathy?" 4141:"Osteopathy – NHS Choices" 3659:Chila, Anthony G. (2010). 3518:10.1016/j.math.2011.10.001 3480:10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.09.010 3045:Whorton, James C. (2002). 3010:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2975:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2940:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2386: 1849: 1796: 1741:due to instability of the 1713: 1661: 1638:self-regulatory mechanisms 1449: 1434: 1413: 1402:degree, however, became a 832:Biologically based therapy 392:Dental amalgam controversy 19:This article is about the 18: 6437: 6371:William Garner Sutherland 5416:osteopathiccouncil.org.nz 5145:10.37451/kuntoutus.120025 5041:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4485:"Osteopathy in Australia" 4211:Quinn, Thomas A. (2011). 4182:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6 4086:10.1186/s12906-018-2098-8 4036:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6 3739:Chikly, Bruno J. (2005). 2219:Egypt and the Middle East 1904:moderate-quality evidence 1873:body temperature elevated 1811:of muscles and overlying 1789:should not receive HVLA. 1447: 'bone' and 1368:, have been described by 456:Facilitated communication 51: 6098:Ward, Robert C. (2002). 6079:Stone, Caroline (2002). 5999:. Science-based Medicine 5976:Collins, Martin (2005). 5932:dictionary.cambridge.org 4997: 4693:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au 3988:10.1186/1471-2474-14-129 3937:10.1186/1471-2474-15-286 2055:in each country listed. 1846:Lymphatic pump treatment 1121:Candida hypersensitivity 303:Fake COVID-19 treatments 117:This article is part of 6232:Muscle energy technique 5693:"Becoming an osteopath" 5296:"Osteopathy in Germany" 4972:Khalil, Hesham (2014). 3343:Gevitz N (March 2006). 3300:Popular Science Monthly 3178:"Concerning Osteopathy" 3053:Oxford University Press 3018:Oxford University Press 2983:Oxford University Press 2948:Oxford University Press 1932:National Health Service 1664:Muscle energy technique 795:COVID-19 misinformation 723:Young blood transfusion 603:Orthomolecular medicine 568:Mind–body interventions 238:Anthroposophic medicine 178:Rise of modern medicine 6273:Accrediting Commission 6202:Articulatory technique 6035:. Robert G. Savarese. 5967:2 October 2013 at the 5901:. 2015. Archived from 5100:Oy, Edita Publishing. 4949:Rizk, Mohamed (2007). 4605:osteopathyboard.gov.au 4533:. Osteopathy Australia 4531:"Osteopathy Australia" 3886:10.1542/peds.2012-3959 2850:"Baldwin City, Kansas" 2349:osteopathic physicians 2268: 2038:osteopathic physicians 2014:orthomolecular therapy 1582: 1425: 1282:MD & DO Comparison 827:Mind–body intervention 778:MMR vaccine and autism 768:Vaccine misinformation 663:Rapid prompting method 6402:Journal of Osteopathy 6247:Soft tissue technique 6242:Paraspinal inhibition 6212:Chapman reflex points 6058:John Wiley & Sons 5841:osteopathic physician 5600:"Osteopaths Act 1993" 4519:. Medicare Australia. 4169:Clinical Rheumatology 4026:(Systematic review). 4023:Clinical Rheumatology 3977:(Systematic review). 3709:10.7556/jaoa.2018.112 3135:History of Osteopathy 3102:10.7556/jaoa.2014.005 2714:John Wiley & Sons 2481:Snyder, John (2014). 2419:osteopathic physician 2395:osteopathic physician 2178:was working with the 2086:neutral point of view 1837:diminished blood flow 1556: 1542:Journal of Osteopathy 1423: 1156:Vertebral subluxation 1105:Alternative diagnoses 693:Thought Field Therapy 333:Vertebral subluxation 6470:Alternative medicine 6443:Osteopathic medicine 6166:Osteopathic medicine 6132:at Wikimedia Commons 5845:osteopathic medicine 5814:MedlinePlus (2012). 5793:"Consumer Info FAQs" 5781:on 24 December 2013. 4611:on 19 February 2011. 4296:J Am Osteopath Assoc 3353:J Am Osteopath Assoc 3234:on 8 September 2008. 2415:osteopathic medicine 2286:osteopathic medicine 2053:osteopathic medicine 1975:craniosacral therapy 1785:, or who have local 1773:, or disease of the 1763:rheumatoid arthritis 1745:which may stem from 1675:isotonic contraction 1518:Andrew Jackson Davis 1485:alternative medicine 1472:Baldwin City, Kansas 1366:craniosacral therapy 1351:alternative medicine 1335:osteopathic medicine 1242:US Medical education 1126:Chronic Lyme disease 855:Traditional medicine 837:Manipulative methods 638:Postural Integration 501:Bach flower remedies 377:Craniosacral therapy 205:Therapeutic nihilism 150:Alternative medicine 127:Alternative medicine 21:alternative medicine 6361:Andrew Taylor Still 5880:on 12 October 2013. 3188:on 5 December 2010. 2574:on 12 October 2013. 2459:Spinal manipulation 2351:is unlimited on an 2235:Osteopaths Act 1993 2198:faculty of medicine 2170:Beginning in 2009, 1860:flow in a person's 1833:psychogenic disease 1755:pathologic fracture 1694:or strains, severe 1636:The body possesses 1464:Andrew Taylor Still 1384:Andrew Taylor Still 773:Vaccines and autism 763:Anti-vaccinationism 756:OPV AIDS hypothesis 558:Megavitamin therapy 471:Functional medicine 248:Applied kinesiology 144:General information 69:Alternative therapy 60:Osteopathy Complete 6335:Specialty colleges 6237:Myofascial release 5857:on 6 October 2013. 5615:"About osteopathy" 5544:. 19 February 2009 5368:Sri Sri University 5284:(in French). 2014. 5267:(in French). 2014. 5265:legifrance.gouv.fr 5249:(in French). 2014. 5247:legifrance.gouv.fr 5231:(in French). 2014. 5217:(in French). 2014. 5215:legifrance.gouv.fr 5199:(in French). 2014. 5063:. 27 January 2016. 4778:Sections 3 and 18" 4257:10.1007/bf01961267 4219:. pp. 81–85. 4121:. Cleveland Clinic 2774:on 29 October 2013 2748:on 29 October 2013 2514:on 29 October 2014 2318:Sri Sri University 1990:emergency medicine 1804:Myofascial release 1799:Myofascial release 1793:Myofascial release 1747:ligamentous laxity 1743:atlantoaxial joint 1726:vertebral arteries 1684:joint dislocations 1583: 1476:American Civil War 1426: 1341:profession in the 1287:Specialty Colleges 1141:Leaky gut syndrome 1116:Aerotoxic syndrome 1053:Prophetic medicine 751:HIV/AIDS denialism 578:Myofascial release 486:Holistic dentistry 466:Feldenkrais Method 446:Estrogen dominance 372:Conversion therapy 6452: 6451: 6424:California merger 6128:Media related to 6090:978-0-7487-3328-6 6067:978-1-4443-1013-9 6023:978-0-7817-4293-1 5987:978-1-4196-0784-4 5773:(16th ed.). 5370:. 5 December 2020 4287:Bledsoe, Bryan E. 4147:. 11 October 2011 3302:: 710. March 1898 3296:"General Notices" 3066:978-0-19-514071-2 3031:978-0-19-514071-2 2996:978-0-19-514071-2 2961:978-0-19-514071-2 2926:978-0-412-59090-0 2879:Medical Economics 2723:978-0-471-96645-6 2356:medical schools. 2280:Germany has both 2190:bachelor's degree 2118: 2117: 2110: 2081:with its subject. 2028:to that of DOs." 1988:, a professor of 1896:systematic review 1825:connective tissue 1823:component of the 1688:joint instability 1603:patient education 1585:According to the 1509:spinal meningitis 1328: 1327: 1199: 1198: 926:Chinese herbology 683:Scientific racism 648:Psychodermatology 553:Medical intuitive 533:Lightning Process 491:Hologram bracelet 439:Therapeutic touch 340:Christian Science 313:Cancer treatments 112: 111: 6487: 6330:Specialty Boards 6160: 6153: 6146: 6137: 6127: 6113: 6094: 6075: 6046: 6027: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5991: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5907: 5896: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5876:. Archived from 5865: 5859: 5858: 5853:. 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Archived from 3406: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3349: 3348:(Free full text) 3340: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3271: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3252:on 16 March 2012 3248:. Archived from 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3226: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3184:. Archived from 3173: 3167: 3164: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3104: 3080: 3071: 3070: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2950:, Inc. pp. 2937: 2931: 2930: 2904: 2895: 2894: 2874: 2857: 2856: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2744:. Archived from 2734: 2728: 2727: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2617: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2570:. Archived from 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2543:on 20 March 2016 2542: 2536:. Archived from 2530: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2491: 2489: 2478: 2271: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2172:Université Laval 2113: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2079:close connection 2071: 2070: 2063: 1998:magnetic healing 1986:Bryan E. Bledsoe 1929: 1912:postpartum women 1862:lymphatic system 1775:carotid arteries 1767:vascular disease 1615:physical therapy 1459: 1453: 1444: 1438: 1347:pseudoscientific 1320: 1313: 1306: 1217: 1208: 1201: 1191: 1184: 1177: 941:Gill plate trade 703:Vaginal steaming 350:Colloidal silver 318:Charcoal cleanse 137: 114: 84: 56: 44: 6495: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6448: 6433: 6407: 6375: 6349: 6325:Student Council 6298: 6277: 6251: 6188: 6167: 6164: 6120: 6110: 6097: 6091: 6078: 6068: 6060:. p. 342. 6049: 6043: 6030: 6024: 6011: 6002: 6000: 5994: 5988: 5975: 5969:Wayback Machine 5956: 5954:Further reading 5951: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5908:on 6 April 2018 5905: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5691: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5649: 5647: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5525: 5523: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5461: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5436:on 20 July 2012 5428: 5427: 5423: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5387: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5344: 5343: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5272: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5180: 5178: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5068: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5033: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5008: 5006: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4919: 4918: 4903: 4893: 4891: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4867: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4757: 4755: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4616: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4581:on 26 June 2014 4573: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4536: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4469: 4468: 4464: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4416:on 26 June 2012 4408: 4407: 4403: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4313: 4312: 4308: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4239: 4238: 4234: 4227: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4019: 4018: 4014: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3917: 3916: 3909: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3825:(9): CD006338. 3812: 3811: 3807: 3786:(2): CD001002. 3781: 3780: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3673: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3576: 3575: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3553:on 21 July 2012 3541: 3540: 3533: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3465: 3464: 3455: 3451:, pp. 86–8 3447: 3443: 3439:, pp. 83–5 3435: 3431: 3421: 3419: 3418:on 11 June 2012 3415: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3273: 3272: 3265: 3255: 3253: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2997: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2876: 2875: 2860: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2619: 2618: 2605: 2595: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2472: 2467: 2435: 2391: 2385: 2362: 2326: 2315: 2306: 2278: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2230: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2194:master's degree 2168: 2151: 2114: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2083: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2034: 2023:Science writer 2009:Steven Salzberg 1963:Stephen Barrett 1941: 1927: 1888:Cochrane review 1881: 1854: 1848: 1801: 1795: 1753:, history of a 1734: 1718: 1712: 1700:whiplash injury 1666: 1660: 1591:pharmacotherapy 1551: 1497:Heroic medicine 1480:musculoskeletal 1418: 1412: 1324: 1204: 1195: 1166: 1165: 1111:Adrenal fatigue 1106: 1098: 1097: 872:Southern Africa 857: 847: 846: 817: 815:Classifications 807: 806: 783:in chiropractic 741: 733: 732: 653:Quantum healing 643:Psychic surgery 518:Ionized jewelry 481:Herbal medicine 429:Esoteric energy 419:Energy medicine 387:Cupping therapy 382:Crystal healing 355:Colon cleansing 293:Bowen technique 263:Auriculotherapy 218: 210: 209: 145: 80: 63: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6493: 6491: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6475:Manual therapy 6472: 6467: 6457: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6429:Flexner Report 6426: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6291: 6285: 6283: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Lymphatic pump 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6140: 6134: 6133: 6119: 6118:External links 6116: 6115: 6114: 6108: 6095: 6089: 6076: 6066: 6047: 6042:978-0967009018 6041: 6028: 6022: 6009: 5992: 5986: 5973: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5919: 5883: 5860: 5829: 5806: 5784: 5757: 5732: 5711: 5684: 5657: 5628: 5606: 5591: 5580:on 2 June 2013 5555: 5533: 5508: 5497:on 2 June 2013 5472: 5447: 5421: 5403: 5381: 5355: 5337: 5323: 5312:on 2 June 2013 5287: 5270: 5252: 5234: 5220: 5202: 5188: 5166: 5135:(in Finnish). 5119: 5092: 5079:osteopathie.be 5066: 5048: 5016: 4987: 4964: 4941: 4901: 4875: 4849: 4820: 4790: 4765: 4739: 4717: 4704: 4682: 4671:. Ahpra.gov.au 4660: 4638: 4614: 4592: 4566: 4544: 4522: 4508: 4476: 4462: 4448: 4427: 4401: 4379: 4357: 4334: 4306: 4278: 4232: 4225: 4203: 4158: 4132: 4110: 4057: 4012: 3961: 3907: 3862: 3805: 3774: 3772:, p. 126. 3762: 3751:(10): 457–64. 3731: 3702:(7): e43–e44. 3682: 3671: 3651: 3639: 3624: 3622:, p. 146. 3612: 3564: 3531: 3506:Manual Therapy 3493: 3453: 3441: 3429: 3393: 3371: 3360:(3): 122–123. 3335: 3313: 3287: 3263: 3237: 3213: 3191: 3168: 3149: 3124: 3072: 3065: 3037: 3030: 3002: 2995: 2967: 2960: 2932: 2925: 2896: 2858: 2841: 2830:on 7 July 2012 2815: 2804:on 8 July 2012 2785: 2759: 2729: 2722: 2716:. p. 15. 2698: 2685:quackwatch.com 2672: 2660:quackwatch.org 2647: 2628:(19): 1465–8. 2603: 2592:on 14 May 2013 2577: 2554: 2525: 2499: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2434: 2431: 2387:Main article: 2384: 2381: 2361: 2360:United Kingdom 2358: 2325: 2322: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2277: 2274: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2248: 2242: 2239: 2229: 2228:European Union 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961:Pressure point 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 892: 891: 886: 876: 875: 874: 869: 858: 853: 852: 849: 848: 845: 844: 842:Energy therapy 839: 834: 829: 824: 818: 813: 812: 809: 808: 805: 804: 803: 802: 792: 787: 786: 785: 780: 775: 770: 760: 759: 758: 748: 742: 739: 738: 735: 734: 731: 730: 728:Zero balancing 725: 720: 715: 713:Vision therapy 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 628:Parapsychology 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 548:Manual therapy 545: 543:Magnet therapy 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 504: 503: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 442: 441: 436: 431: 426: 416: 411: 406: 405: 404: 397:Detoxification 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 363: 362: 352: 347: 342: 337: 336: 335: 330: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 219: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 201: 200: 190: 185: 180: 175: 174:(health fraud) 169: 164: 163: 162: 157: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 130: 129: 123: 122: 110: 109: 104: 98: 97: 92: 86: 85: 78: 72: 71: 65: 64: 57: 49: 48: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6492: 6481: 6480:Pseudoscience 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6445: 6444: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6397: 6396: 6392: 6390: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303:Organizations 6301: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217:Counterstrain 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6141: 6138: 6131: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6109:0-7817-3497-5 6105: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6015: 6010: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5983: 5979: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5887: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5833: 5830: 5817: 5810: 5807: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5758: 5742: 5736: 5733: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5629: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5576: 5572: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5543: 5537: 5534: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5391: 5385: 5382: 5369: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5351: 5350:parlamento.pt 5347: 5341: 5338: 5333: 5327: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5189: 5176: 5170: 5167: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5120: 5107: 5106:www.finlex.fi 5103: 5096: 5093: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4988: 4975: 4968: 4965: 4952: 4945: 4942: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4889: 4885: 4879: 4876: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4779: 4777: 4769: 4766: 4754:. 1 June 2009 4753: 4751: 4743: 4740: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4692: 4686: 4683: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4593: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4554: 4548: 4545: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4493: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4458: 4452: 4449: 4437: 4431: 4428: 4415: 4411: 4410:"Directories" 4405: 4402: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4388:Hall, Harriet 4383: 4380: 4368: 4361: 4358: 4345: 4338: 4335: 4323: 4322: 4317: 4310: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4236: 4233: 4228: 4226:9781935503132 4222: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4176:(2): 285–91. 4175: 4171: 4170: 4162: 4159: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4061: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030:(2): 285–91. 4029: 4025: 4024: 4016: 4013: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3962: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3880:(1): 140–52. 3879: 3875: 3874: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3672:9780781766715 3668: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3474:(2): 165–73. 3473: 3469: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3430: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3339: 3336: 3323: 3317: 3314: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3202: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3162: 3161: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3128: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2944: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2803: 2799: 2797: 2789: 2786: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2730: 2725: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2702: 2699: 2687:. 15 May 2004 2686: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2484: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2383:United States 2382: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2312: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2298:Heilpraktiker 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2247: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2227: 2225: 2218: 2216: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2124: 2112: 2109: 2101: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2074: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1945: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908:low back pain 1905: 1901: 1900:meta-analysis 1897: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1879:Effectiveness 1878: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1853: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1779:ciprofloxacin 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759:osteomyelitis 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739:Down syndrome 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1716:Counterstrain 1710:Counterstrain 1709: 1707: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1692:muscle spasms 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1665: 1658:Muscle energy 1657: 1655: 1653: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1628: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1520:and ideas of 1519: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1474:, during the 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1430:Ancient Greek 1422: 1417: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:pseudoscience 1373: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1355:muscle tissue 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343:United States 1340: 1336: 1332: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1102: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 998:Faith healing 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 906:Bush medicine 904: 902: 899: 897: 896:Balneotherapy 894: 890: 887: 885: 882: 881: 880: 877: 873: 870: 868: 865: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 851: 850: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 819: 816: 811: 810: 801: 798: 797: 796: 793: 791: 788: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 764: 761: 757: 754: 753: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 740:Controversies 737: 736: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 709: 708:Vegetotherapy 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 623:Ozone therapy 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 538:Lymphotherapy 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 476:Hair analysis 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 461:FasciaBlaster 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 424:Correactology 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 403: 400: 399: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 367:Colorpuncture 365: 361: 358: 357: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 345:Chromotherapy 343: 341: 338: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 233:Alkaline diet 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 214: 213: 206: 203: 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 183:Pseudoscience 181: 179: 176: 173: 170: 168: 165: 161: 158: 156: 153: 152: 151: 148: 147: 141: 140: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 120: 116: 115: 108: 105: 103: 99: 96: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 77: 73: 70: 66: 61: 55: 50: 45: 42: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 6441: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6099: 6080: 6072:Google Books 6070:– via 6052: 6032: 6013: 6001:. 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Retrieved 5078: 5069: 5060: 5051: 5028: 5019: 5007:. Retrieved 5003:the original 4990: 4978:. Retrieved 4976:. OsteoEgypt 4967: 4955:. Retrieved 4951:"Osteopathy" 4944: 4932:. Retrieved 4925: 4892:. Retrieved 4888:the original 4884:"Regulation" 4878: 4866:. Retrieved 4862:the original 4852: 4840:. Retrieved 4836:the original 4811:. Retrieved 4807:the original 4802: 4793: 4781:. Retrieved 4775: 4768: 4756:. Retrieved 4749: 4742: 4730:. Retrieved 4720: 4707: 4695:. Retrieved 4685: 4673:. Retrieved 4663: 4651:. Retrieved 4641: 4629:. Retrieved 4609:the original 4604: 4595: 4583:. Retrieved 4579:the original 4569: 4557:. Retrieved 4547: 4535:. Retrieved 4525: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4492:the original 4479: 4471:"Osteopaths" 4465: 4451: 4439:. Retrieved 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4414:the original 4404: 4395: 4391: 4382: 4370:. Retrieved 4360: 4348:. Retrieved 4337: 4327:18 September 4325:. Retrieved 4319: 4309: 4300: 4294: 4281: 4251:(4): 303–9. 4248: 4244: 4235: 4212: 4206: 4173: 4167: 4161: 4149:. Retrieved 4135: 4123:. Retrieved 4113: 4076: 4070: 4060: 4027: 4021: 4015: 3978: 3974: 3964: 3927: 3923: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3783: 3777: 3765: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3677:Google Books 3675:– via 3661: 3654: 3642: 3637:, p. 80 3615: 3591:(3): 184–9. 3588: 3582: 3555:. Retrieved 3551:the original 3509: 3505: 3471: 3467: 3444: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3413:the original 3396: 3384:. Retrieved 3374: 3357: 3351: 3338: 3326:. Retrieved 3316: 3304:. Retrieved 3299: 3290: 3282:Google Books 3276: 3254:. Retrieved 3250:the original 3240: 3229:the original 3216: 3204:. Retrieved 3201:"Osteopathy" 3194: 3186:the original 3181: 3171: 3159: 3152: 3134: 3127: 3095:(1): 30–40. 3092: 3088: 3051:. New York: 3047: 3040: 3016:. New York: 3012: 3005: 2981:. New York: 2977: 2970: 2946:. New York: 2942: 2935: 2908: 2882: 2878: 2853: 2844: 2832:. Retrieved 2828:the original 2818: 2806:. Retrieved 2802:the original 2795: 2788: 2776:. Retrieved 2772:the original 2762: 2750:. Retrieved 2746:the original 2739: 2732: 2708: 2701: 2689:. Retrieved 2684: 2675: 2663:. Retrieved 2659: 2650: 2625: 2621: 2594:. Retrieved 2590:the original 2580: 2572:the original 2567: 2557: 2545:. Retrieved 2538:the original 2528: 2516:. Retrieved 2512:the original 2502: 2493: 2486:. Retrieved 2427: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2394: 2392: 2377: 2370: 2363: 2352: 2348: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2316: 2307: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2263: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2231: 2222: 2179: 2169: 2160: 2152: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2104: 2095: 2076: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2025:Harriet Hall 2022: 2006: 2002:chiropractic 1983: 1979: 1960: 1953: 1946: 1942: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1893: 1885: 1882: 1866: 1855: 1841: 1817: 1803: 1802: 1735: 1719: 1696:osteoporosis 1667: 1649: 1623: 1619:chiropractic 1584: 1563:manipulation 1540: 1534: 1526: 1506: 1501:bloodletting 1489: 1456: 1448: 1441: 1433: 1427: 1397: 1369: 1363: 1330: 1329: 1078:Thai massage 1048:Naftalan oil 921:Blood stasis 800:Turbo cancer 688:ThetaHealing 617: 613:Osteomyology 513:Hypnotherapy 508:Hydrotherapy 414:Ear candling 409:Dry needling 360:Coffee enema 323:Chiropractic 288:Bone-setting 268:Bates method 253:Aromatherapy 59: 41: 33:Bone disease 6366:S. S. Still 5928:"Osteopath" 5775:McGraw-Hill 5725:13 November 5584:26 February 5548:13 November 5526:13 November 5501:26 February 5440:13 November 5396:18 November 5316:26 February 5181:13 November 5177:(in French) 5085:11 November 5081:(in French) 4930:(in French) 4783:13 November 4758:13 November 4732:13 November 4631:13 November 4501:26 February 4441:13 November 4245:Experientia 4241:Skrabanek P 3386:17 December 3324:. Aacom.org 3256:13 November 3055:. pp. 3020:. pp. 2985:. pp. 2834:13 November 2808:13 November 2752:13 November 2596:17 December 2568:DO Magazine 2547:28 February 2518:5 September 2324:New Zealand 2176:Quebec City 2098:August 2020 1894:In 2014, a 1886:In 2013, a 1821:soft tissue 1038:Mien Shiang 956:Moxibustion 668:Reflexology 593:Oil pulling 588:Naturopathy 528:Jilly Juice 308:Camel urine 278:Black salve 228:Acupuncture 223:Acupressure 188:Antiscience 160:Terminology 6465:Osteopathy 6459:Categories 6194:Treatments 6130:Osteopathy 6033:OMT review 6003:7 February 5822:25 October 5741:"Medicine" 5641:Osteopathy 5462:26 January 4303:(10): 407. 4299:(Letter). 4247:(Review). 4125:27 January 3930:(1): 286. 3873:Pediatrics 3512:(1): 2–8. 3144:10342/3694 2691:29 October 2665:29 October 2495:education. 2465:References 2407:osteopathy 2353:exceptions 2293:osteopaths 2282:osteopathy 2264:Osteopathy 2049:osteopathy 2018:homeopathy 1994:homeopathy 1967:Quackwatch 1787:metastases 1627:physiology 1514:purgatives 1492:physiology 1414:See also: 1388:myofascial 1371:Quackwatch 1349:system of 1331:Osteopathy 1252:Physicians 1136:Heavy legs 1093:Vietnamese 1073:Sri Lankan 633:Phrenology 618:Osteopathy 608:Orthopathy 496:Homeopathy 402:Foot detox 298:Breathwork 243:Apitherapy 198:Scientific 193:Skepticism 90:ICD-10-PCS 47:Osteopathy 6282:Licensing 6256:Education 5161:250039659 5153:2489-7604 5133:Kuntoutus 5112:2 October 4927:Le Soleil 4398:(1): 4–5. 4151:8 January 4079:(2): 65. 3839:1469-493X 3718:0098-6151 3111:0098-6151 2411:osteopath 2090:talk page 2059:Australia 2007:In 2010, 1961:In 1998, 1947:In 1988, 1939:Criticism 1869:abscesses 1771:aneurysms 1698:, severe 1690:, severe 1559:palpation 1537:DO degree 1468:Civil War 1393:back pain 1333:, unlike 1058:Shamanism 1043:Mongolian 1018:Kayakalpa 993:Curandero 911:Cambodian 901:Brazilian 698:Urophagia 658:Radionics 563:Mesmerism 523:Iridology 37:Osteology 5965:Archived 5941:4 August 5799:20 March 5750:20 March 5458:. 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