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Although by the end of the eighteenth century opera overtures were already beginning to be performed as separate items in the concert hall, the "concert overture", intended specifically as an individual concert piece without reference to stage performance and generally based on some literary theme,
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the overture began to distinguish itself from the symphony, and composers began to link the content of overtures to their operas dramatically and emotionally. Elements from the opera are foreshadowed in the overture, following the reform ideology that the music and every other element on stages
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Prior to the 18th century, the symphony and the overture were almost interchangeable, with overtures being extracted from operas to serve as stand-alone instrumental works, and symphonies being tagged to the front of operas as overtures. With the reform of
257:: fast–slow–fast. The opening movement was normally in duple metre and in a major key; the slow movement in earlier examples was usually quite short, and could be in a contrasting key; the concluding movement was dance-like, most often with rhythms of the
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without a development section), and the slow section became more extended and lyrical. Italian overtures were often detached from their operas and played as independent concert pieces. In this context, they became important in the early history of the
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style. The overture was frequently followed by a series of dance tunes before the curtain rose, and would often return following the
Prologue to introduce the action proper. This ouverture style was also used in English opera, most notably in
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343:(literally, the "symphony before the opera") was "an early term for a sinfonia used to begin an opera, that is, as an overture as opposed to one serving to begin a later section of the work".
265:, and returned to the key of the opening section. As the form evolved, the first movement often incorporated fanfare-like elements and took on the pattern of so-called "sonatina form" (
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250:, and spread throughout Europe, supplanting the French form as the standard operatic overture by the mid-18th century. Its stereotypical form is in three generally
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Introduction, or whatever else it may be called, is generally nothing more definite than that portion of the music which takes place before the curtain rises.
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in several works that began as dramatic overtures. The distinction between the two genres was the freedom to mould the musical form according to external
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189:. Its distinctive rhythmic profile and function thus led to the French overture style as found in the works of late Baroque composers such as
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571:, Op. 57 (1956), is a 20th-century parody of the late 19th century concert overture, scored for an enormous orchestra with organ, additional
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composed overtures which were independent, self-existing, instrumental, programmatic works that foreshadowed genres such as the
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In Italy, a distinct form called "overture" arose in the 1680s, and became established particularly through the operas of
2191:. Oxford University Press, accessed March 29, 2016,http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/43361.
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as early as 1640. This French overture consists of a slow introduction in a marked "dotted rhythm" (i.e., exaggerated
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is generally regarded as the first concert overture. Mendelssohn's other contributions to this genre include his
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In
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requirements. The symphonic poem became the preferred form for the more "progressive" composers, such as
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Charlton, David and M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet. n.d. "Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste."
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In the age when the symphonic poem had already become popular, Brahms wrote his
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by André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry, in which several of the arias are quoted. This "
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characters which introduced the overarching themes of the stories depicted.
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also uses the French overture form in some of his
Italian operas such as
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136:. More important was the prologue, consisting of sung dialogue between
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In
Italian opera after about 1800, the "overture" became known as the
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is a short self-contained movement founded on the music of the Grail.
2338:
Waterman, George Gow, and James R. Anthony. 2001. "French
Overture".
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programme, Prom 76: Last Night of the Proms (Saturday 12 September).
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2142:". Chester-Novello publisher's website (accessed 6 November 2009).
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In the 1850s the concert overture began to be supplanted by the
596:, one horizontal with detachable sucker in C), and an electric
428:(1839). Other notable early concert overtures were written by
2262:
162:, which he elaborated from a similar, two-section form called
288:
serves to enhance the plot. One such overture was that of
27:
Instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet, or oratorio
2047:"If You Have An Overture, Do You Also Need An Underture?"
2255:
What's On/Programme Notes, Malcolm Arnold (1921–2006),
1936:
1934:
209:, and can be found in non-staged vocal works such as
2001:
1926:
2279:Music In The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries
298:form" persists in the overtures to many works of
2095:The Who on Record: A Critical History, 1963–1998
37:"Ouverture" redirects here. For other uses, see
2340:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2288:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2238:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2221:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2159:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
668:Some well-known or commonly played overtures:
2219:Fisher, Stephen C. 2001. "Italian Overture."
8:
2236:Larue, Jan. 2001. "Sinfonia 2: After 1700".
2034:
656:(1962). For a comprehensive list, see the
2118:Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1893:
640:setting the mood for the film before the
484:, while more conservative composers like
379:('Jubilee Overture', 1818, incorporating
1989:
302:written in the 20th and 21st centuries.
2286:Temperley, Nicholas. 2001. "Overture".
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2011:
2009:
1963:
1961:
1952:
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1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
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545:is also labelled a 'fantasy-overture'.
213:, for example in the opening chorus of
96:The idea of an instrumental opening to
2063:
2015:
1967:
1915:
1190:The Land of the Mountain and the Flood
77:in the 17th century. During the early
2273:Taruskin, Richard. n.d. Chapter 10: "
2206:. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
2196:Fisher, Stephen C. 1998. "Sinfonia".
2026:
1978:
1940:
7:
1904:
1179:"Overture from Phantom of the Opera"
310:In 19th-century opera the overture,
219:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland, BWV 61
2148:Carter, Tim (2001). "Prologue". In
504:remained faithful to the overture.
201:. The style is most often used in
25:
2199:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
100:existed during the 17th century.
55:
2354:
2303:
2082:Music: Op. I for Vacuum Cleaners
1402:Russian Easter Festival Overture
110:opens with a brief instrumental
2298:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
2248:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
2231:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
1776:(both Act and Act III Preludes)
742:Overture to a Picaresque Comedy
644:start. Famous examples include
2116:Blom, Eric. 1954. "Overture".
1820:Johannesburg Festival Overture
1781:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
1215:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage
624:is designated as "Underture".
404:overture (1828), his overture
401:Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage
1:
1285:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
1090:Music for the Royal Fireworks
822:Overture to an Italian Comedy
808:The Consecration of the House
365:wrote two concert overtures,
357:began to appear early in the
339:. Fisher also notes the term
2290:, second edition, edited by
2275:Instrumental Music Lifts Off
2240:, second edition, edited by
2223:, second edition, edited by
2073:General and cited references
1543:Overture, Scherzo and Finale
658:list of films with overtures
664:List of standard repertoire
367:Der Beherrscher der Geister
2398:
2202:, four volumes, edited by
2134:Burton-Page, Piers. n.d. "
1334:The Merry Wives of Windsor
914:Academic Festival Overture
524:Academic Festival Overture
239:
147:
39:Ouverture (disambiguation)
36:
29:
2051:www.ratherrarerecords.com
2002:Charlton and Bartlet n.d.
1927:Waterman and Anthony 2001
1522:Overture in Italian Style
1431:La cambiale di matrimonio
1378:Overture on Hebrew Themes
1367:Orpheus in the Underworld
1222:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1034:Christoph Willibald Gluck
539:. His equally well-known
527:, Op. 80, as well as his
391:A Midsummer Night's Dream
32:Overture (disambiguation)
2253:Maycock, Robert. 2009. "
2162:(2nd ed.). London:
1684:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
2330:Encyclopædia Britannica
2257:A Grand, Grand Overture
2138:A Grand, Grand Overture
2125:Burrows, Donald. 2012.
1652:The Yeomen of the Guard
1395:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
1243:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
787:Creatures of Prometheus
694:A Grand, Grand Overture
569:A Grand, Grand Overture
341:Sinfonia avanti l'opera
1803:Ralph Vaughan Williams
1666:Light Cavalry Overture
1250:The Marriage of Figaro
1083:George Frideric Handel
964:In the South (Alassio)
731:The School for Scandal
606:; it is dedicated "to
518:
388:However, the overture
199:Georg Philipp Telemann
195:Georg Friedrich Händel
166:, found in the French
2317:Tovey, Donald Francis
2093:Atkins, John (2000).
1672:The Beautiful Galatea
1480:The Barber of Seville
689:Beckus the Dandipratt
513:
410:(1830; also known as
191:Johann Sebastian Bach
2363:at Wikimedia Commons
2164:Macmillan Publishers
1842:Carl Maria von Weber
1730:La forza del destino
1717:(Miniature Overture)
1580:The Bride of Messina
1575:Hermann und Dorothea
1494:L'italiana in Algeri
1063:AntĂ´nio Carlos Gomes
1041:Iphigénie en Tauride
748:Ludwig van Beethoven
678:A Dream on the Volga
456:, a form devised by
414:) and the overtures
363:Carl Maria von Weber
248:Alessandro Scarlatti
124:(1607) opens with a
81:, composers such as
30:For other uses, see
2382:Musical terminology
2189:Oxford Music Online
2066:, pp. 121–122.
1766:The Flying Dutchman
1587:Dmitri Shostakovich
1445:Il signor Bruschino
1322:Salutation Overture
1257:La clemenza di Tito
1237:(The Fair Melusine)
1234:Die schöne Melusine
1174:Andrew Lloyd Webber
1108:and other Oratorios
1028:Ruslan and Lyudmila
943:An Outdoor Overture
933:Overture in G minor
801:The Ruins of Athens
636:, an overture is a
555:Dmitri Shostakovich
470:Camille Saint-Saëns
417:Die schöne Melusine
160:Jean-Baptiste Lully
2185:Grove Music Online
2053:. October 3, 2018.
1744:I vespri siciliani
1709:(Overture-Fantasy)
1701:(Overture-Fantasy)
1603:The Bartered Bride
1473:Il viaggio a Reims
1452:Il turco in Italia
1311:Nikolai Myaskovsky
1016:King Lear Overture
997:Strike Up the Band
844:Le carnaval romain
653:Lawrence of Arabia
647:Gone with the Wind
590:(two uprights in B
519:
478:Alexander Scriabin
448:Later 19th century
352:Early 19th century
306:19th-century opera
65:introduction to a
2361:Overtures (music)
2359:Media related to
2173:978-1-56159-239-5
2108:978-0-7864-0609-8
1424:Gioachino Rossini
1409:The Maid of Pskov
1384:Emil von Reznicek
1362:Jacques Offenbach
1317:Pathetic Overture
1300:Modest Mussorgsky
1196:Felix Mendelssohn
1141:A London Overture
1048:Orfeo ed Euridice
952:Carnival Overture
896:Alexander Borodin
874:Leonard Bernstein
837:Benvenuto Cellini
780:Coriolan Overture
573:brass instruments
511:
482:Arnold Schoenberg
422:The Fair Melusine
396:Felix Mendelssohn
382:God Save the King
128:, in this case a
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1706:Romeo and Juliet
1677:Poet and Peasant
1592:Festive Overture
1501:La scala di seta
1373:Sergei Prokofiev
1126:Ferdinand HĂ©rold
1095:Overture to the
1087:Overture to the
857:Les Francs-Juges
608:President Hoover
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560:Festive Overture
542:Romeo and Juliet
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347:Concert overture
242:Italian overture
236:Italian overture
58:"opening") is a
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1537:Robert Schumann
1354:Helios Overture
1292:The Magic Flute
1168:The Merry Widow
982:George Gershwin
921:Tragic Overture
907:Johannes Brahms
816:Arthur Benjamin
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634:motion pictures
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588:vacuum cleaners
579:parts for four
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989:Cuban Overture
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728:: Overture to
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683:Malcolm Arnold
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638:piece of music
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598:floor polisher
565:Malcolm Arnold
550:
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514:Tchaikovsky's
454:symphonic poem
449:
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430:Hector Berlioz
375:of 1805), and
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320:Richard Wagner
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215:Bach's cantata
186:Dido and Æneas
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91:symphonic poem
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2394:
2383:
2380:
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2375:
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2357:
2353:
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2348:
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2336:
2332:
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2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2312:public domain
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:Stanley Sadie
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2251:
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2243:
2242:Stanley Sadie
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2225:Stanley Sadie
2222:
2217:
2213:
2212:0-333-73432-7
2209:
2205:
2204:Stanley Sadie
2201:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:Tyrrell, John
2151:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2080:Anon. 1957. "
2078:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:Taruskin n.d.
1986:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
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1937:
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1692:
1691:1812 Overture
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
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1626:
1621:
1620:Jean Sibelius
1618:
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1610:
1607:
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1599:
1596:
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1569:Julius Caesar
1566:
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1498:
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1305:Khovanshchina
1301:
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1208:Fingal's Cave
1205:
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1199:
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1038:
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1017:
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1012:
1011:Overture 2012
1009:
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986:
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976:
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939:Aaron Copland
937:
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885:Georges Bizet
883:
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733:
732:
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726:Samuel Barber
724:
722:
721:
716:
713:
709:
708:
707:Tam O'Shanter
704:
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697:
695:
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684:
681:
679:
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674:Anton Arensky
672:
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582:
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561:
556:
548:
546:
544:
543:
538:
537:
536:1812 Overture
532:
531:
526:
525:
517:
516:1812 Overture
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
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459:
455:
447:
445:
443:
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437:
436:
431:
427:
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412:Fingal's Cave
409:
408:
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397:
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386:
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305:
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297:
293:
292:
291:La Magnifique
286:
277:
275:
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268:
264:
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230:
229:Giulio Cesare
225:
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192:
188:
187:
182:
181:Henry Purcell
177:
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80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
53:
50:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2339:
2328:
2296:John Tyrrell
2287:
2278:
2256:
2246:John Tyrrell
2237:
2229:John Tyrrell
2220:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2157:
2137:
2126:
2117:
2094:
2085:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2031:Maycock 2009
2022:
1997:
1985:
1974:
1953:Burrows 2012
1948:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1831:
1825:
1818:
1806:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1527:
1521:
1508:William Tell
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1352:
1345:
1340:Carl Nielsen
1332:
1329:Otto Nicolai
1321:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1271:Don Giovanni
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1203:The Hebrides
1201:
1188:
1166:
1157:
1154:Édouard Lalo
1145:
1140:
1135:John Ireland
1129:
1118:
1115:Joseph Haydn
1104:
1103:Overture to
1096:
1088:
1075:
1072:Edvard Grieg
1066:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1026:
1015:
1010:
1005:Philip Glass
995:
994:Overture to
987:
974:
969:
962:
957:Edward Elgar
942:
919:
912:
899:
888:
877:
866:
861:
856:
849:
842:
835:
820:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
765:
759:
753:
740:
729:
718:
715:Daniel Auber
705:
698:
693:
688:
677:
667:
652:
646:
631:
621:
613:One song of
612:
568:
558:
552:
549:20th century
540:
534:
528:
522:
520:
515:
466:CĂ©sar Franck
462:programmatic
451:
439:
438:(1826), and
433:
425:
424:, 1834) and
421:
415:
411:
407:The Hebrides
405:
399:
389:
387:
380:
376:
370:
366:
359:Romantic era
355:
340:
336:
334:
327:
323:
315:
311:
309:
289:
285:opera seria,
284:
281:
278:18th century
245:
227:
217:
184:
163:
156:musical form
153:
119:
105:
95:
79:Romantic era
63:instrumental
51:
44:
43:
2088:(April 22).
2064:Atkins 2000
2016:Fisher 1998
1968:Fisher 2001
1916:Carter n.d.
1625:The Tempest
1389:Donna Diana
1163:Franz Lehár
1158:Le roi d'Ys
1098:Water Music
901:Prince Igor
720:Fra Diavolo
650:(1939) and
490:Tchaikovsky
458:Franz Liszt
441:Le corsaire
316:Einleitung,
267:sonata form
138:allegorical
87:Mendelssohn
2371:Categories
2277:." In his
2027:Anon. 1957
1979:Larue 2001
1941:Tovey 1911
1795:Tannhäuser
1638:The Mikado
1466:Semiramide
1067:Il Guarany
851:Le corsair
737:Arnold Bax
619:rock opera
394:(1826) by
252:homophonic
132:for muted
116:Monteverdi
112:ritornello
2377:Overtures
2319:(1911). "
2099:McFarland
1905:Blom 1954
1873:Citations
1849:Euryanthe
1808:The Wasps
1773:Lohengrin
1529:Rosamunde
1416:May Night
1347:Maskarade
1146:Satyricon
1077:In Autumn
975:Froissart
970:Cockaigne
862:King Lear
577:obbligato
444:(1828)).
329:Lohengrin
255:movements
164:Ouverture
83:Beethoven
52:ouverture
18:Overtures
2321:Overture
2156:(eds.).
1836:Overture
1828:Overture
1557:Genoveva
1438:Tancredi
1278:Idomeneo
1228:Ruy Blas
1148:Overture
935:(WAB 98)
867:Waverley
700:Peterloo
603:♭
593:♭
583:, three
426:Ruy Blas
372:RĂĽbezahl
337:sinfonia
324:Vorspiel
312:Vorspiel
272:symphony
211:cantatas
203:preludes
134:trumpets
107:Euridice
75:oratorio
45:Overture
2327:(ed.).
2314::
1826:Scapino
1737:Nabucco
1550:Manfred
1545:, Op 52
1106:Messiah
1055:Alceste
879:Candide
773:Fidelio
766:Leonora
760:Leonora
754:Leonora
615:the Who
432:(e.g.,
130:fanfare
126:toccata
121:L'Orfeo
2323:". In
2308:
2210:
2170:
2127:Handel
2105:
1863:Oberon
1788:Rienzi
1698:Hamlet
1524:, D590
1120:Armida
890:Carmen
794:Egmont
585:Hoover
581:rifles
575:, and
480:, and
296:medley
263:minuet
224:Handel
207:suites
197:, and
176:fugato
172:iambic
114:, and
67:ballet
49:French
47:(from
2266:Proms
1563:Faust
1130:Zampa
622:Tommy
259:gigue
154:As a
98:opera
73:, or
71:opera
60:music
2294:and
2244:and
2227:and
2208:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2086:Time
1206:(or
768:Nr 3
762:Nr 2
756:Nr 1
628:Film
600:in E
500:and
102:Peri
85:and
56:lit.
2263:BBC
632:In
617:'s
610:".
567:'s
557:'s
326:to
322:'s
261:or
205:to
183:'s
118:'s
104:'s
2373::
2261:"
2178:‎.
2166:.
2152:;
2101:.
2097:.
2084:"
2049:.
2033:;
2029:;
2008:^
1992:,
1960:^
1955:,
1933:^
1880:^
1844::
1805::
1754::
1725::
1686::
1633::
1611::
1600::
1589::
1539::
1518::
1426::
1397::
1386::
1375::
1364::
1342::
1331::
1313::
1302::
1245::
1198::
1187::
1176::
1165::
1156::
1137::
1128::
1117::
1074::
1065::
1036::
1025::
1007::
984::
959::
950::
941::
931::
909::
898::
887::
876::
832::
750::
739::
717::
685::
676::
660:.
496:,
492:,
488:,
476:,
472:,
468:,
361:.
314:,
274:.
232:.
222:.
193:,
69:,
54:,
2214:.
2187:.
2176:.
2111:.
1210:)
420:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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