80:
1400:
551:
42:
305:) – to the Neoptera has not been resolved yet; there are three competing main hypotheses with many variations. In two of these – those that treat the ephemeropteran or the odonatan lineage as closer to the Neoptera than to the other "palaeopterans" – the Palaeoptera appear to be
266:
absence of wing-folding does not necessarily mean the
Palaeoptera form a natural group – they may simply be an assemblage containing all insects, closely related or not, that "are not Neoptera", an example of a
271:. If the extinct lineages are taken into account, it seems likely that the concept of Palaeoptera will eventually be discarded or changed in content to more accurately reflect insect evolution.
1499:
454:
1550:
1486:
447:
1491:
192:
353:
146:
79:
204:
440:
1504:
1545:
422:
408:
394:
1084:
412:
254:
The complexities of the wing-folding mechanism, as well as the mechanical operation of the wings in flight (
1429:
466:
1512:
279:
173:
1335:
1540:
1277:
1257:
231:
1350:
1365:
1555:
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74:
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162:
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1118:
804:
227:
1345:
1262:
1252:
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796:
50:
1404:
1360:
1355:
1340:
1287:
890:
215:
1534:
1315:
1307:
533:
525:
290:
255:
62:
28:
289:, too. As it stands, the relationship of the two living Paleopteran groups –
1247:
1020:
997:
989:
931:
886:
718:
661:
490:
318:
306:
259:
167:
1411:
1461:
1370:
1302:
1234:
1189:
1135:
1036:
966:
817:
755:
302:
298:
263:
66:
218:(most of them extinct) that lacked the ability to fold the wings back over the
1320:
1044:
854:
763:
747:
731:
559:
398:
275:
1452:
1282:
1126:
1086:
1061:
914:
825:
784:
771:
602:
589:
550:
484:
426:
286:
239:
131:
111:
91:
16:
Taxonomic grouping of winged insects without a certain form of wing-folding
1478:
1446:
1330:
1239:
1028:
898:
690:
496:
323:
243:
223:
32:
1399:
274:
In any case, three main palaeopteran lineages, traditionally treated as
669:
294:
219:
1006:
906:
833:
739:
648:
640:
478:
463:
342:
Called
Odonatoidea in some treatments, e.g. Trueman & Rowe (2008)
235:
214:'wing')) has been traditionally applied to those ancestral groups of
209:
197:
121:
101:
58:
1423:
230:, which are palaeopteran insects, had independently and uniquely
1094:
432:
1427:
1214:
509:
436:
41:
1104:
258:), are such that it clearly indicates the Neoptera are a
1047:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
354:"Dragonflies Lack 'Smell Center,' but Can Still Smell"
282:
themselves might be a paraphyletic assemblage of very
242:
lack any of the smell centers in their brain found in
1436:
1117:
1075:
1060:
1019:
988:
979:
930:
884:
853:
816:
783:
716:
689:
660:
639:
630:
601:
558:
524:
429:. Version of 2008-MAR-20. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
401:. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
448:
8:
1424:
1222:
1211:
1072:
985:
958:
881:
877:
724:
713:
709:
636:
627:
623:
582:
521:
517:
506:
455:
441:
433:
40:
20:
419:Trueman, John W.H. & Rowe, Richard J.
234:a different wing-folding mechanism. Both
1176:Four most speciose orders are marked in
766:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
335:
7:
1039:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
427:Odonata. Dragonflies and damselflies
262:lineage. The problem is that the
14:
278:, are recognized. Of these, the
1398:
549:
78:
1551:Carboniferous first appearances
352:Akpan, Nsikan (21 March 2014).
413:Pterygote Higher Relationships
1:
969:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
917:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
210:
198:
1572:
1107:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
1000:(twisted-winged parasites)
672:(dragonflies, damselflies)
203:
191:
1392:
1225:
1221:
1210:
1172:
961:
880:
727:
712:
626:
585:
547:
520:
516:
505:
473:
399:Pterygota. Winged insects
377:Maddison (2002), Trueman
159:
154:
75:Scientific classification
73:
48:
39:
23:
758:(stick and leaf insects)
423:Tree of Life Web Project
415:. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
409:Tree of Life Web Project
395:Tree of Life Web Project
1185:are paraphyletic groups
828:(cockroaches, termites)
592:(silverfish, firebrats)
256:indirect flight muscles
536:(jumping bristletails)
1513:Paleobiology Database
280:Palaeodictyopteroidea
222:as characterizes the
174:Palaeodictyopteroidea
1138:(moths, butterflies)
177:(extinct; disputed)
1405:Insects portal
1376:Triadophlebioptera
405:Trueman, John W.H.
391:Maddison, David R.
1528:
1527:
1430:Taxon identifiers
1421:
1420:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1326:Palaeodictyoptera
1311:
1243:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1130:
1108:
1098:
1090:
1068:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1010:
1001:
970:
926:
925:
918:
910:
902:
849:
848:
845:
844:
837:
829:
808:
805:Mantophasmatodea
800:
789:
775:
767:
759:
751:
743:
735:
685:
684:
681:
680:
673:
652:
641:Ephemeropteroidea
593:
545:
544:
537:
269:wastebasket taxon
184:
183:
178:
163:Ephemeropteroidea
150:
1563:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1425:
1403:
1402:
1336:Permoplectoptera
1309:
1268:Diaphanopterodea
1241:
1223:
1212:
1137:
1128:
1119:Amphiesmenoptera
1106:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1008:
999:
986:
982:
968:
959:
916:
908:
901:(barklice, lice)
900:
892:
882:
878:
835:
827:
806:
798:
797:Grylloblattodea
787:
773:
765:
757:
749:
741:
733:
725:
721:
714:
710:
671:
650:
637:
628:
624:
591:
583:
553:
535:
522:
518:
507:
457:
450:
443:
434:
420:
406:
392:
378:
375:
369:
368:
366:
364:
358:Science Magazine
349:
343:
340:
228:Diaphanopterodea
213:
207:
201:
195:
176:
145:
83:
82:
44:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1546:Insect taxonomy
1531:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1432:
1422:
1417:
1397:
1380:
1346:Protelytroptera
1278:Eudiaphanoptera
1263:Coxoplectoptera
1258:Carbotriplurida
1253:Campylopteridae
1230:Aethiocarenodea
1217:
1198:
1144:
1113:
1089:(scorpionflies)
1076:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1015:
980:
975:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
922:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
841:
812:
786:
779:
774:(angel insects)
717:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
677:
656:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
597:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
554:
541:
512:
501:
469:
461:
418:
404:
390:
387:
382:
381:
376:
372:
362:
360:
351:
350:
346:
341:
337:
332:
315:
293:(mayflies) and
252:
250:Disputed status
144:
77:
55:Ephemera danica
35:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1509:
1496:
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1434:
1433:
1428:
1419:
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1416:
1415:
1408:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Protozygoptera
1358:
1356:Protorthoptera
1353:
1351:Protephemerida
1348:
1343:
1341:Protanisoptera
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1310:(griffinflies)
1308:Meganisoptera
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:Glosselytrodea
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
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1199:
1197:
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1132:
1123:
1121:
1115:
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1112:
1111:
1101:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1029:Raphidioptera
1025:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1003:
994:
992:
983:
981:Neuropteroidea
977:
976:
974:
973:
962:
956:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
912:
904:
895:
893:
875:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
831:
822:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
802:
799:(ice-crawlers)
793:
791:
781:
780:
778:
777:
769:
761:
753:
745:
737:
728:
722:
707:
687:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
676:
675:
666:
664:
658:
657:
655:
654:
649:Ephemeroptera
645:
643:
634:
621:
599:
598:
596:
595:
586:
580:
556:
555:
548:
546:
543:
542:
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539:
534:Archaeognatha
530:
528:
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513:
510:
503:
502:
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487:
481:
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471:
470:
462:
460:
459:
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437:
431:
430:
416:
402:
386:
383:
380:
379:
370:
344:
334:
333:
331:
328:
327:
326:
321:
314:
311:
251:
248:
216:winged insects
182:
181:
180:
179:
170:
165:
157:
156:
152:
151:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1568:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:Megasecoptera
1314:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
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1246:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1209:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1129:(caddisflies)
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1095:Siphonaptera
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:(Mecopterida)
1059:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1002:
998:Strepsiptera
996:
995:
993:
991:
987:
984:
978:
972:
971:
964:
963:
960:
957:
955:
929:
919:
913:
911:
907:Thysanoptera
905:
903:
897:
896:
894:
889:
888:
883:
879:
876:
874:
852:
838:
832:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
815:
809:
803:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
782:
776:
770:
768:
762:
760:
754:
752:
750:(webspinners)
746:
744:
738:
736:
730:
729:
726:
723:
720:
715:
711:
708:
706:
688:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
659:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
622:
620:
600:
594:
588:
587:
584:
581:
579:
557:
552:
538:
532:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
508:
504:
498:
494:
492:
488:
486:
482:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
465:
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
438:
435:
428:
424:
417:
414:
410:
403:
400:
396:
389:
388:
384:
374:
371:
359:
355:
348:
345:
339:
336:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Ephemeroptera
288:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
265:
264:plesiomorphic
261:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
206:
200:
194:
189:
175:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
158:
153:
148:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Ephemeroptera
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
29:Carboniferous
22:
19:
1437:
1410:
1396:
1366:Syntonoptera
1248:Caloneurodea
1240:Blattoptera
1191:
1182:
1177:
1136:Lepidoptera
1134:
1127:Trichoptera
1103:
1085:
1037:Megaloptera
1031:(snakeflies)
1021:Neuropterida
1005:
990:Coleopterida
967:Hymenoptera
965:
887:Paraneoptera
885:
807:(gladiators)
756:Phasmatodea
734:(stoneflies)
719:Polyneoptera
662:Odonatoptera
631:
526:Monocondylia
491:Pancrustacea
489:(unranked):
373:
361:. Retrieved
357:
347:
338:
319:Archedictyon
307:paraphyletic
273:
260:monophyletic
253:
190:(from Greek
187:
185:
168:Odonatoptera
155:Superorders
141:
54:
18:
1541:Palaeoptera
1468:Palaeoptera
1462:Wikispecies
1438:Palaeoptera
1412:Wikispecies
1371:Titanoptera
1303:Lapeyriidae
1298:Hypoperlida
1273:Eoblattodea
1242:(roachoids)
1235:Archodonata
1077:Antliophora
1045:Neuroptera
1007:Coleoptera
818:Dictyoptera
788:(Xenonomia)
764:Orthoptera
748:Embioptera
740:Dermaptera
732:Plecoptera
632:Palaeoptera
495:Subphylum:
303:damselflies
299:dragonflies
276:superorders
240:dragonflies
188:Palaeoptera
142:Palaeoptera
67:Ephemeridae
51:Green Drake
24:Palaeoptera
1535:Categories
1321:Miomoptera
1087:Mecoptera
915:Hemiptera
836:(mantises)
826:Blattodea
772:Zoraptera
651:(mayflies)
590:Zygentoma
485:Arthropoda
385:References
138:Division:
128:Subclass:
112:Arthropoda
1556:Pterygota
1293:Heraridea
1283:Geroptera
1188:Based on
1062:Panorpida
1009:(beetles)
899:Psocodea
834:Mantodea
785:Notoptera
742:(earwigs)
477:Kingdom:
330:Footnotes
287:Pterygota
202:'old') +
186:The name
132:Pterygota
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1476:BioLib:
1447:Wikidata
1331:Paoliida
1105:Diptera
909:(thrips)
670:Odonata
497:Hexapoda
483:Phylum:
479:Animalia
425:–
421:(2008):
411:–
397:–
393:(2002):
324:Neoptera
313:See also
244:Neoptera
236:mayflies
224:Neoptera
147:Martynov
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
1453:Q927351
1216:Extinct
1190:Sasaki
1097:(fleas)
891: *
295:Odonata
232:evolved
220:abdomen
199:palaiós
193:παλαιός
122:Insecta
118:Class:
33:present
1518:174972
1492:624280
1194:(2013)
1192:et al.
1183:Italic
511:Extant
467:orders
464:Insect
226:. The
211:pterón
205:πτερόν
149:, 1923
59:mayfly
1505:33339
1479:16806
363:4 May
284:basal
57:), a
1500:NCBI
1487:ITIS
1178:bold
365:2021
301:and
238:and
49:The
1537::
1515::
1502::
1489::
1464::
1449::
1093:+
407::
356:.
309:.
246:.
69:)
65::
31:-
954:a
952:l
950:o
948:b
946:a
944:t
942:e
940:m
938:o
936:l
934:o
932:H
873:a
871:l
869:o
867:b
865:a
863:t
861:e
859:m
857:u
855:E
705:a
703:r
701:e
699:t
697:p
695:o
693:e
691:N
619:a
617:t
615:o
613:g
611:y
609:r
607:e
605:t
603:P
578:a
576:i
574:l
572:y
570:d
568:n
566:o
564:c
562:i
560:D
456:e
449:t
442:v
367:.
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172:†
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