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wife were. He was then taken to hell. Yama explained that they were experiencing the reactions of their actions but it was temporary. Once the debt had been repaid, they would join them in Swarga. Yudhisthira loyally met his brothers, but the sight and sound of gore and blood horrified him. Though initially he was tempted to flee, he mastered himself and remained after hearing the voices of his beloved brothers and
Draupadi calling out to him, asking him to stay with them in their misery. Yudhisthira decided to remain, ordering the divine charioteer to return. He preferred to live in hell with good people than in the heaven of his enemies. Eventually, this turned out to be another illusion to test him. Yama explained to Yudhishtira that it was all illusion created by Yama himself. It was a punishment to Yudhishtira to feel sad and soak tears on seeing his beloved ones being punished. It was because Drona felt sad on hearing fake news that his son was dead. Yudhishtira told the message incompletely due to which Drona felt sad and cried in grief. Because of this, Yudhishtira had to feel sad in a similar manner. Hence Yama created this illusion. In reality, Pandavas and Draupadi reached heaven just after their deaths. Yama explained everything and Yudhishtira reached heaven with his mortal body. Pandavas were the incarnation of previous
520:, and Arjuna, who was a peerless archer, entered the competition and won. When the brothers took Draupadi to introduce her to their mother, they jokingly announced to Kunti that they had arrived with excellent alms. Kunti was busy with some work and replied without turning to look at Draupadi (who the alms referred to) ordering the brothers to share the alms equally amongst the five of them. Even when uttered erroneously, their mother's word was supreme for the Pandavas, and they agreed to share the princess, who was subsequently married to all five brothers. To prevent jealousy among the brothers and identify the paternity of Draupadi's children, the Pandavas followed a condition in which one brother was given a year with her and others were forbidden to enter her chamber. If the condition was violated, the brother, who entered the room, had to go on a pilgrimage for 12 years. Arjuna was the only one to violate this condition.
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was just behind him. They entered
Krishna's room and found him sleeping. Duryodhana sat on a raised chair near Krishna's head and Arjuna sat near Krishna's feet closing his hands. When Krishna woke up, he saw Arjuna first and asked him about the purpose of his visit. Then he found Duryodhana sitting next to him, and asked him the same question. Krishna was then told that war was going to be held and Arjuna and Duryodhana had come to him seeking his military help. To this Krishna replied that he had seen Arjuna first and so he would give him priority, and asked what he needed. He gave Arjuna two options – either his army of 100,000 soldiers or Krishna himself who shall not fight in the war. To this Arjuna immediately opted for Krishna for his help and thus Duryodhana was given Krishna's army. Duryodhana was very satisfied to have received a huge army.
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in the game. He was then enticed by
Duryodhana and Shakuni to place his brothers as bets. Yudhishthira fell for it and put his brothers at stake, losing them too. He then placed himself as a bet and lost again. Duryodhana now played another trick and told Yudhishthira that he still had his wife Draupadi to place as a bet and if Yudhishthira won, he would return everything to the Pandavas. Yudhishthira fell for the ruse and bet Draupadi, losing her too. At this point, Duryodhana ordered that Draupadi, who was now a slave to him, be brought to the court. None of the Pandavas fought for their wife's honour. Duryodhana's younger brother
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290:), plump, long-armed and tall as a full grown Sala tree. He is also extolled to be strong, well-trained, endued with great might and his superhuman feats had earned him great renown. In a display of ferocity, he bit his lips, and contracted his forehead to bring the two eyebrows together. Bheema is also described to be frightful, who never forgot a foe and was not pacified even after he wreaked his vengeance.
484:. Duryodhana then successfully lobbied Dhritarashtra to send Yudhishthira to represent the royal household in Varnavarta during the celebrations of Shiva Mahotsava. The plan was to set the palace on fire during the night while Yudhishthira would likely be asleep. Yudhishthira left for Varnavrata, accompanied by his four brothers and their mother Kunti. The plan was discovered by their paternal uncle
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712:. Upon completion of the terms of the last bet, the Pandavas returned and demanded that their kingdom be rightfully returned to them. Duryodhana refused to yield Indraprastha. For the sake of peace and to avert a disastrous war, Krishna proposed that if Hastinapura agrees to give the Pandavas only five villages named Indraprastha (
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488:, who was very loyal to them and an extraordinarily wise man. In addition, Yudhishthira had been forewarned about this plot by a hermit who came to him and spoke of an imminent disaster. Vidura arranged for a tunnel to be secretly built for the Pandavas to safely escape the palace as it was set afire.
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Krishna, being a well-wisher of the
Pandavas, helped them in various ways during the time of their ordeals. When the Kurukshetra war was going to be held, both Arjuna on behalf of the Pandavas, and Duryodhana on behalf of the Kauravas, went to Krishna to seek help. Duryodhana reached first and Arjuna
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gambled it away during a game of dice. The bet
Yudhishtira agreed to was that the Pandavas would hand the kingdom to the Kauravas and go into exile for 13 years. After this time the Kauravas refused to return the kingdom. As a result, the Pandavas waged a civil war against their extended family, and
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He wanted an explanation from Yama, the lord of death. Yama explained that the
Kauravas had been allowed into heaven because they died as warriors on the battlefield. This earned them so much merit and credit that it wiped out all their debts. Yudhisthira demanded to know where his brothers and his
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sired yet another plot and got
Duryodhana to invite the Pandavas over to his court for a game of dice (gambling). Shakuni was a master at gambling and owned a pair of dice which magically did his bidding. Owing to this, bet after bet, Yudhishthira lost all of his wealth, and eventually his kingdom,
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and his wife, who had used their divine powers to take the form of the animals. Enraged, Kindama berated the king for having killed him before he had finished the act of mating and before dying, he cursed Pandu that he would die the moment he touched his wife intending to make love. After the event
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and their entire army was slain, with only three surviving on their side. The
Pandavas too lost several allies but the five brothers survived. After having won the war, Yudhishthira was crowned the king. At the end of the war, only 10 survived the war on both sides, namely Ashwatthama, Kripacharya
732:) if these five villages given they would be satisfied and would make no more demands. Duryodhana vehemently refused, commenting that he would not part even with land as much as the point of a needle. Thus the stage was set for the great war, for which the epic of Mahabharata is known most of all.
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Incensed at the loss of all that he had won, Duryodhana threatened suicide and coerced his father into inviting the
Pandavas for one last round of gambling, the terms of which were that the loser would be condemned to 12 years of exile into forests and a 13th year to be spent incognito, and if the
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to protect her honour. Krishna, using his divine powers, protected her by providing her garments with an unending length. Dushasana, shocked and tired, gave up on disrobing
Draupadi. Finally, as the blind king Dhritarashtra realized that this humiliation could prompt Draupadi to curse his sons, he
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When Dhritarashtra heard that the five brothers were alive, he invited them back to the kingdom. However, in their absence, Duryodhana had succeeded in being made the crown prince. Upon the return of the Pandavas, the issue of returning Yudhishthira's crown to him was raised. Dhritarashtra led the
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Nakula was considered by Draupadi as "the most handsome person in the whole world." An accomplished master swordsman, he was also "versed in every question of morality and profit" and "endued with high wisdom." He was unflinchingly devoted to his brothers, who in turn regarded him as more valuable
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This plotting took a grave turn when Dhritarashtra had to relent to the will of the masses and rightfully appointed his nephew Yudhishthira as crown prince. This went against the personal ambitions of both father and son (Dhritarashtra and Duryodhana) and drove Duryodhana into such a rage that he
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Arjuna is describing being dark complexioned (Syama), extremely handsome and praised as the greatest of archers, intelligent, second to none "with senses under complete control." Neither lust nor fear nor anger could make him forsake virtue. Though capable of withstanding any foe, he would never
456:, the eldest of the Kauravas, refused to accept the Pandavas as his cousins. This usually led to much tension between the cousins. Insecure and jealous, Duryodhana harbored an intense hatred for the five brothers throughout his childhood and youth and following the advice of his maternal uncle
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Sahadeva was heroic, intelligent, wise and no another man was equal unto him in intelligence or in eloquence amid assemblies of the wise. He was the one dearest to Kunti, and intent on doing what is agreeable to Yudhishthira. He is also praised to be always mindful of the duties of
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enthusiastically agreed to an evil ploy by Shakuni to murder Yudhishthira. Shakuni commissioned the construction of a palace in Varnavart, secretly built by incorporating flammable materials like oil, ghee etc. into the structure, most notably the lacquer known as
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During the 12 years of exile in the forest, they prepared for war. Arjuna performed penance and won the entire gamut of celestial weapons (Divyastras) as boons from the Gods. They spent the 13th year masquerading as peasants in the service of the royal family of
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dragged Draupadi to the royal court, pulling her by her hair, insulting her dignity and asserting that she, like the Pandava brothers, was now their servant. This caused immense anguish to all the great warriors seated in the court, but each of them, namely,
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cover is blown during the 13th year, another cycle of 13 years would ensue. Obeying their uncle's orders, the Pandavas played the round and again lost to Shakuni's cheating. However, this time, their patience had been nearly pushed to its edge.
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remained silent. Duryodhana then ordered Dushasana to disrobe Draupadi before everyone, as a slave girl has no rights. The elders and warriors in the audience were shocked but did not intervene. As Dushasana began to disrobe her, she prayed to
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Yudhishthira was slender, and had a prominent nose, large eyes and a complexion like that of "pure gold". He is also described as a just man, who had correct knowledge of the morality of his own acts and was merciful to surrendering
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and bear him sons using the boon. The first three of the Pandavas were the sons of Kunti, while the younger two were born to Madri after Kunti shared her mantra with her at Pandu's request. The divine fathers of the Pandavas were:
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subsequent discussions into ambiguity and agreed to a partition of the kingdom "to do justice to both crown princes". He retained the developed Hastinapura for himself and Duryodhana and gave the barren, arid and hostile lands of
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after the Kuru Kingdom was split to avoid succession disputes. After the split, the other part of the kingdom was ruled by their cousins, the Kauravas. However, the Pandavas lost their kingdom to
527:; their names were Prativindhya (fathered by Yudhishthira), Sutasoma (fathered by Bhima), Shrutakarma (fathered by Arjuna), Shatanika (fathered by Nakula), and Shrutasena (fathered by Sahadeva).
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through singing, dancing and recitation. In the performance, the actors spontaneously break into a dance when, it is believed, they become "possessed" by the spirits of their characters.
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intervened, apologizing to Draupadi for the behaviour of his sons, and turned the winnings of the dice game back over to the Pandava brothers, releasing them from the bondage of slavery.
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narrates that after their flight from the palace, the five brothers lived in the forests for some time disguised as Brahmins. They heard from a group of travelling sages about a contest (
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A few years later after the birth of the Pandavas, Pandu died after trying to have a union with Madri and the latter immolated herself out of remorse. Kunti brought the Pandavas back to
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to the Pandavas. The Pandavas successfully developed their land and built a great and lavish city, which was considered comparable to the heavens, and thus came to be known as
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Reeling under the loss of half the lands of his future kingdom, Duryodhana's jealousy and rage were further fuelled by the Pandavas' success and prosperity. Eventually
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Pandu voluntarily renounced royal life as penance, leaving the Kingdom under Dhritarashtra. Kunti and Madri accompanied Pandu and together they lived in a forest.
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The war was intense and lasted 18 days, over the course of which both parties worked around, bent and even broke rules of warfare. In the end, all 100
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Loka (heaven), carried on Indra's chariot. On reaching Heaven, he did not find either his virtuous brothers or his wife Draupadi. Instead, he finds
516:) being held in the Kingdom of Panchala that offered Draupadi's hand in marriage to the winner. The Svayamvara turned out to rely on the skills of
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819:. On their way, all except Yudhisthira slipped and died one by one. Yudhisthira was accompanied by a dog who was none other than God
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The Mahābhārata of Vyasa, translated from Sanskrit into English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli and published online at sacred-texts.com
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969:. translated under the direction of Wendy Doniger. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. 1993. pp. 180–183.
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Kingdom. Once he was hunting in a forest when he shot a copulating pair of deer. However, they turn out to be a sage named
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Yudhishthira was also married to Devika, the daughter of the king of the Sivi Kingdom, and had a son named Yaudheya.
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Puranic Encyclopedia: a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature
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left the Earth, they all decided that the time had come for them to renounce the world, as the age of
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So the five Pandavas and Draupadi left to the path of liberation. For this purpose, they all climbed
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and Kritverma on the Kaurava side and the five Pandavas, Krishna and Saatyakee on the Pandava side.
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The Pandavas ruled Hastinapura for 36 years and established a righteous kingdom. Shortly after
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1153:"Geeta Jayanti 2019 Pandavas had asked these five villages from Kauravas Know about these"
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A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
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998:"SECTION CCLXVIII – The Mahabharata – Book 3, Vana Parva – Draupadi-harana Parva"
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Sahadeva was married to Vijaya, princess of Madra, and had a son named Suhotra.
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Each Pandava had a son with Draupadi and they were collectively referred to as
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690:: According to the historical sources Pandavas stayed here during their exile.
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Chakravarti V. Narasimhan; The Mahabharata. Columbia University Press, 1965.
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This article is about legendary figures of India. For the spider genus, see
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Dancing the Self: Personhood and Performance in the Pāṇḍava Līlā of Garhwal
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Besides Draupadi, each Pandava had their own wife with whom they a son:
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88:: Pāṇḍava) is a group name referring to the five legendary brothers,
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893:(8th century CE) narrates the Jain version of their story. In the
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Kingdom who was prophesied to bring the end of the Kauravas. The
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after he abducted her forcefully and the Pandavas pursuit them.
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Before her marriage, Kunti was blessed with a boon by the sage
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1068:. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. 1975. p. 562.
901:, there has been a long tradition of villagers performing the
842:, imperfect because he was proud of his skills—he challenged
69:(both standing beside the throne)—with their common consort,
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874:'s. After the Duration, the lifespan of Indra, is completed
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Nakula had a wife named Karenumati, daughter of king of
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Pāṇḍavakumāra (Sanskrit: पाण्डवकुमार) – young Pandavas
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Bheema is described being fair-golden complexioned (
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324:Pandu shoots Kindama, who is disguised as a deer.
1102:"The five Pandavas and the story of their birth"
274:of the epic, Draupadi describes the Pandavas to
1028:The Ritual of Battle: Krsna in the Mahabharata
29:Group of five brothers in the epic Mahabharata
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907:, a ritual re-enactment of episodes from the
342:despite being younger than his elder brother
264:The Pandava brothers had a group marriage to
217:Pāṇḍuputra (Sanskrit: पाण्डुपुत्र) – sons of
8:
1210:. Department of Modern Indian History. 1964.
108:, who are central figures of the Hindu epic
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1223:The Mahabharata: A Modern Rendering, Vol 2
553:, while Savarga was the son of Valandhara.
640:has gambled away all his material wealth.
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426:Upbringing and rivalry with the Kauravas
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144:(eldest and king of the Kauravas) when
114:. They are acknowledged as the sons of
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400:, the god of wind, who fathered Bheema
471:Pandavas journeying with their mother
247:(Sanskrit: माद्रेय) – sons of Madri (
229:(Sanskrit: कौन्तेय) – sons of Kunti (
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1025:Hiltebeitel, Alf (1 January 2017).
878:assures Pandavas of offering them
545:and Valandhara, a princess of the
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122:, but were fathered by different
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599:, and had a son named Niramitra.
1648:48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra
882:for their Devotion and purity.
537:Bheema had two other wives—the
338:was crowned as the king of the
149:this conflict was known as the
49:depicting the Pandava brothers—
666:of Kauravas and Pandavas) and
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1285:Sax, William Sturman (2002).
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556:Arjuna had three other wives—
866:sitting on a divine throne.
549:. Hidimbi was the mother of
632:Draupadi is presented in a
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480:. This palace was known as
394:, who fathered Yudhishthira
260:Description of the Pandavas
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153:. With the help of the god
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1178:Jain, Ashok Kumar (1994).
748:form. From left to right:
736:Krishna's help to Pandavas
699:Exile and incognito period
136:, and founded the city of
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1207:Journal of Indian History
658:(grandsire of the clan),
294:commit an act of cruelty.
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174:
2758:Mythological fratricides
2701:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1088: 4000–826 BCE
268:. In the Section 268 of
2192:Epic-Puranic chronology
1291:Oxford University Press
1031:. Motilal Banarsidass.
564:woman with whom he had
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1184:. Management Pub. Co.
858:, reached the door of
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492:Marriages and children
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826:The first to die was
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298:than their own lives.
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498:polyandrous marriage
350:, a princess of the
1181:The cities of Delhi
781:The Kurukshetra War
316:Birth and parentage
1433:
1400:Traditional author
1273:Upinder Singh 2016
774:
728:) and Tilprastha (
724:), Vyaghrprastha (
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588:and the mother of
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358:, the princess of
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189:) is derived from
132:, the princess of
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1341:978-93-325-6996-6
1332:Pearson Education
1232:978-0-595-40187-1
1191:978-81-86034-00-2
1159:. 5 December 2019
1133:. 22 January 2020
1038:978-81-208-4034-8
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1564:Main tribes
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1524:Ashvamedhika
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2001:Parashurama
1953:Mahabharata
1891:Ghatotkacha
1816:Chitrāngadā
1811:Chitrāngada
1771:Babruvahana
1766:Ashwatthama
1721:Chakravyūha
1683:Tilaprastha
1653:Kurukshetra
1392:Mahabharata
1106:aumamen.com
1079:Vyas, Ved.
931:Mahabharata
921:Upapandavas
909:Mahabharata
904:Pandav Lila
899:Uttarakhand
856:Yudhisthira
850:. Next was
817:Swarga Loka
668:Kripacharya
660:Dronacharya
636:game where
578:Babruvahana
570:Chitrangada
551:Ghatotkacha
541:(demoness)
525:Upapandavas
482:Lakshagraha
432:Hastinapura
146:Yudhishtira
111:Mahabharata
90:Yudhishtira
45:A print by
2742:Categories
2667:Upanishads
2586:Gandharvas
2310:Dattatreya
2141:Vrishasena
2136:Vrishaketu
2081:Shishupala
2066:Shakuntala
1961:Kritavarma
1921:Jayadratha
1916:Jarasandha
1911:Janamejaya
1861:Duryodhana
1786:Bhagadatta
1733:Characters
1716:Vishvarupa
1706:Svayamvara
1636:Hastinapur
1549:Harivamsha
1519:Anushasana
1312:References
1163:13 January
1081:Mahabharat
794:Later life
772:, Jakarta.
514:Svayamvara
454:Duryodhana
386:Dharmadeva
354:clan, and
304:Kshatriyas
276:Jayadratha
271:Vana Parva
142:Duryodhana
84:: पाण्डव,
53:(centre),
2606:Rakshasas
2476:Mahavidya
2419:Saraswati
2406:Goddesses
2335:Kartikeya
2187:Vedic era
2076:Shikhandi
2046:Satyavati
2016:Pururavas
2011:Purochana
2006:Parikshit
1871:Dushyanta
1866:Dushasana
1821:Damayanti
1741:Abhimanyu
1632:Capitals
1610:Janapadas
1252:The Hindu
1157:Nai Dunia
1111:31 August
1062:"Pandava"
1007:3 January
823:himself.
805:Kali Yuga
662:(teacher/
651:Dushasana
590:Abhimanyu
510:Adi Parva
331:Adi Parva
165:The word
161:Etymology
2748:Pandavas
2722:Hinduism
2678:Ramayana
2620:Yakshini
2526:Shashthi
2486:Matrikas
2471:Mahadevi
2273:Trimurti
2213:Category
2182:Kingdoms
2091:Sudeshna
2086:Subhadra
2056:Shantanu
2031:Sahadeva
1881:Gandhari
1876:Ekalavya
1836:Draupadi
1781:Balarama
1756:Ambalika
1658:Jyotisar
1595:Gandhara
1578:Pandavas
1573:Kauravas
1504:Sauptika
1324:(2016),
915:See also
832:Sahadeva
828:Draupadi
766:Sahadeva
656:Bheeshma
582:Subhadra
539:Rakshasi
506:Panchala
502:Draupadi
440:Bheeshma
436:Kauravas
419:Sahadeva
266:Draupadi
253:Sahadeva
227:Kaunteya
195:Sanskrit
171:Sanskrit
134:Panchala
130:Draupadi
106:Sahadeva
82:Sanskrit
78:Pandavas
71:Draupadi
67:Sahadeva
2672:Puranas
2660:Atharva
2629:Texts (
2616:Yakshas
2611:Vahanas
2581:Dikpāla
2554:Apsaras
2506:Rukmini
2481:Matangi
2429:Parvati
2424:Lakshmi
2414:Tridevi
2340:Krishna
2320:Hanuman
2315:Ganesha
2305:Chandra
2300:Ashvins
2177:Avatars
2170:Related
2161:Yuyutsu
2126:Vikarna
2061:Shakuni
2051:Savitri
2041:Satyaki
2036:Sanjaya
2026:Rukmini
1981:Nahusha
1971:Lomasha
1946:Krishna
1936:Kindama
1931:Kichaka
1901:Hidimbi
1896:Hidimba
1856:Durvasa
1851:Duhsala
1846:Drupada
1801:Bhishma
1791:Bharata
1776:Bahlika
1568:Bharata
1534:Mausala
1477:Bhishma
1440:Books (
876:Krishna
844:Hanuman
800:Krishna
726:Baghpat
722:Panipat
718:Sonipat
677:Krishna
670:except
646:Shakuni
634:pachisi
586:Krishna
574:Manipur
543:Hidimbi
518:archery
458:Shakuni
411:Ashvins
372:Durvasa
364:Kindama
245:Mādreya
185:Pāṇḍavā
175:पाण्डवा
167:Pandava
155:Krishna
18:Pandawa
2576:Devata
2569:Danava
2564:Daitya
2559:Asuras
2521:Shakti
2511:Sanjna
2501:Rohini
2461:Shachi
2446:Chhaya
2365:Varuna
2355:Shasta
2345:Kubera
2283:Vishnu
2278:Brahma
2151:Yayati
2131:Virata
2121:Vidura
2111:Uttarā
2106:Uttara
2071:Shalya
1986:Nakula
1906:Iravan
1761:Arjuna
1751:Ambika
1699:Events
1626:Places
1600:Matsya
1558:Tribes
1514:Shanti
1499:Shalya
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730:Tilpat
710:Matsya
706:Virata
672:Vidura
580:; and
566:Iravan
558:Uloopi
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2640:Vedas
2491:Radha
2456:Ganga
2451:Durga
2441:Bhumi
2436:Aditi
2360:Surya
2325:Indra
2288:Shiva
2257:texts
2146:Vyasa
2096:Ulupi
2021:Rukmi
1996:Pandu
1976:Madri
1966:Kunti
1941:Kripa
1926:Karna
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1841:Drona
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1489:Drona
1457:Sabha
1442:parva
1409:Vyasa
937:Notes
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2708:more
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2631:list
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