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extremism in the area. The situations in Brunei were similar with what was happened in current
Indonesia and Malaysia. Office of the Penghulu for ruling executive government in mukim level was created by British administrators to help British colonial government collecting tax from Brunei citizens.
218:). Until 2015, Appointment of penghulu decided by District Office after receiving recommendations from members of Mukim Consultative Council. After 2015, appointment of penghulus are conducted through
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141:, became powerful enough to dominate other penghulus. By the early part of the 18th century, the leaders of these four districts started calling themselves
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titles, usually, will be reign in particular mukims decided by King of Brunei.
94:, meaning "head", and could be translated as "headman". It is cognate with the
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Penghulus and Ketua
Kampongs: Relevancy and Challenges in Brunei Darussalam
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Penghulus and Ketua
Kampongs: Relevancy and Challenges in Brunei Darussalam
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as the community leader of the smaller country subdivision or settlement.
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by each of the mukims citizen upon reaching 18 years old and more.
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343:. Asian Association for Public Administration Annual Conference.
308:. Asian Association for Public Administration Annual Conference.
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or subdistrict, the second-level administrative division below
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Advances in Social
Science, Education and Humanities Research
310:
Advances in Social
Science, Education and Humanities Research
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or chief of a region in traditional societies in the
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which consists of several towns or locally known as
117:who at the end of the 17th century settled at
154:), many Penghulus had allied themselves with
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285:. Stanford University Press. p. 173.
283:History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
270:. Stanford University Press. p. 173.
268:History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
385:Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
375:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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22:Royal Netherlands Geographical Society
32:) in the late 19th century (photo by
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63:. The term is currently used in
234:, the cognate 'Pangulo' is the
20:Portrait of a penghulu from a
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351:: Atlantis Press. p. 179
316:: Atlantis Press. p. 174
103:President of the Philippines
101:– the official title of the
150:Between 1821 and 1838 (the
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334:Pang, Li Li (March 2018).
299:Pang, Li Li (March 2018).
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158:interests in fighting off
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281:Ricklefs, M.C. (2008).
266:Ricklefs, M.C. (2008).
169:Omar Ali Saifuddien III
238:word for 'President'.
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24:expedition to Central
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167:Until the reign of
113:Traditionally, the
380:Minangkabau people
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347:. Vol. 191.
312:. Vol. 191.
121:, in present-day
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220:local elections
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119:Negeri Sembilan
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179:Current usage
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353:. Retrieved
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318:. Retrieved
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127:Sungai Ujong
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232:Philippines
226:Philippines
210:(village) (
162:-inspired,
115:Minangkabau
83:comes from
369:Categories
355:2021-07-27
349:Yogyakarta
320:2021-07-27
314:Yogyakarta
254:References
188:See also:
152:Padri War
79:The word
75:Etymology
55:) is the
34:D.D. Veth
30:Indonesia
242:See also
236:Filipino
204:district
160:Wahabite
123:Malaysia
81:penghulu
69:Malaysia
53:Pěnghulu
41:Penghulu
28:(now in
230:In the
208:kampong
173:peerage
164:Islamic
109:History
99:pangulo
96:Tagalog
57:headman
26:Sumatra
216:daerah
196:Brunei
184:Brunei
144:Undang
139:Rembau
131:Jelebu
65:Brunei
49:ڤڠهولو
341:(PDF)
306:(PDF)
212:Malay
200:mukim
156:Dutch
135:Johol
88:peng-
248:Adat
137:and
92:hulu
67:and
45:Jawi
194:In
371::
291:^
214::
147:.
133:,
129:,
105:.
47::
358:.
323:.
43:(
36:)
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