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injection molding techniques, wax based designs with artificial teeth set in predetermined positions built on gypsum stone models of patients' mouths can be converted into functional prosthetics used to replace missing dentition. PMMA polymer and methyl methacrylate monomer mix is then injected into a flask containing a gypsum mold of the previously designed prosthesis, and placed under heat to initiate polymerization process. Pressure is used during the curing process to minimize polymerization shrinkage, ensuring an accurate fit of the prosthesis. Though other methods of polymerizing PMMA for prosthetic fabrication exist, such as chemical and microwave resin activation, the previously described heat-activated resin polymerization technique is the most commonly used due to its cost effectiveness and minimal polymerization shrinkage.
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1312:. Although sticky, it does not bond to either the bone or the implant; rather, it primarily fills the spaces between the prosthesis and the bone preventing motion. A disadvantage of this bone cement is that it heats up to 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) while setting that may cause thermal necrosis of neighboring tissue. A careful balance of initiators and monomers is needed to reduce the rate of polymerization, and thus the heat generated.
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skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs and displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications. It is also used for coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC. Methacrylate polymers are used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance.
100:
862:" at the cut edge and several millimetres deep. Even ammonium-based glass-cleaner and almost everything short of soap-and-water produces similar undesirable crazing, sometimes over the entire surface of the cut parts, at great distances from the stressed edge. Annealing the PMMA sheet/parts is therefore an obligatory post-processing step when intending to chemically bond lasercut parts together.
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1319:, tiny PMMA microspheres suspended in some biological fluid are injected as a soft-tissue filler under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently. PMMA as a soft-tissue filler was widely used in the beginning of the century to restore volume in patients with HIV-related facial wasting. PMMA is used illegally to shape muscles by some
1395:
risk of fracture when in function in the oral cavity, and minimal wear against opposing teeth. Additionally, since the bases of dental prosthetics are often constructed using PMMA, adherence of PMMA denture teeth to PMMA denture bases is unparalleled, leading to the construction of a strong and durable prosthetic.
1064:, with a single conical window of PMMA set into sphere hull. The very small black circle (smaller than the man's head) is the inner side of the plastic "window", only a few inches in diameter. The larger circular clear black area represents the larger outer side of the thick one-piece plastic cone "window".
1390:
Acrylic prosthetic construction: Pre-polymerized, powdered PMMA spheres are mixed with a Methyl
Methacrylate liquid monomer, Benzoyl Peroxide (initiator), and NN-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine (accelerator), and placed under heat and pressure to produce a hardened polymerized PMMA structure. Through the use of
857:
may be used to form intricate designs from PMMA sheets. PMMA vaporizes to gaseous compounds (including its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a very clean cut is made, and cutting is performed very easily. However, the pulsed lasercutting introduces high internal stresses, which on exposure to solvents
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Being transparent and durable, PMMA is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses. PMMA in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows,
962:
values of commercial grades of PMMA range from 85 to 165 °C (185 to 329 °F); the range is so wide because of the vast number of commercial compositions that are copolymers with co-monomers other than methyl methacrylate. PMMA is thus an organic glass at room temperature; i.e., it is below
1394:
Artificial teeth: While denture teeth can be made of several different materials, PMMA is a material of choice for the manufacturing of artificial teeth used in dental prosthetics. Mechanical properties of the material allow for heightened control of aesthetics, easy surface adjustments, decreased
628:
both Allied and Axis forces used acrylic glass for submarine periscopes and aircraft windscreen, canopies, and gun turrets. Scraps of acrylic were also used to made clear pistol grips for the M1911A1 pistol or clear handle grips for the M1 bayonet or theater knifes so that soldiers could put small
623:
of Röhm and Haas AG in
Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass. The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas in 1933. Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in
1605:
Sheets of PMMA are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in). These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.
1215:
such that sunlight descending from the sky is directed to the ceiling or into the room rather than to the floor. This can lead to a higher illumination of the back part of a room, in particular when combined with a white ceiling, while having a slight impact on the view to the outside compared to
1606:
Acrylic is also used extensively throughout the sign industry as a component of wall signs where it may be a backplate, painted on the surface or the backside, a faceplate with additional raised lettering or even photographic images printed directly to it, or a spacer to separate sign components.
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makers, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, seeking to give their products a space age aesthetic, incorporated Lucite and other PMMA products into their designs, especially office chairs. Many other products (for example, guitars) are sometimes made with acrylic glass to make the commonly opaque
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the late 1930s. In the United States, E.I. du Pont de
Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite. In 1936 ICI Acrylics (now Lucite International) began the first commercially viable production of acrylic safety glass. During
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Acrylic is used in tanning beds as the transparent surface that separates the occupant from the tanning bulbs while tanning. The type of acrylic used in tanning beds is most often formulated from a special type of polymethyl methacrylate, a compound that allows the passage of ultraviolet
1684:) within the PMMA, allowing for the selective removal of exposed areas by a chemical developer, making it a positive photoresist. PMMA's advantage is that it allows for extremely high resolution patterns to be made. Smooth PMMA surface can be easily nanostructured by treatment in oxygen
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photos of loved ones or pin-up girls' pictures inside. They were called "Sweetheart Grips" or "Pin-up Grips". Others were used to make handles for theater knives made from scrap materials and people who made them got artistic or creative. Civilian applications followed after the war.
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subunits found in polycarbonate and is a far better choice for laser cutting. It is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost. Non-modified PMMA behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an
1254:. Ridley had a lens manufactured by the Rayner company (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex) made from Perspex polymerised by ICI. On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
730:
of 1.17â1.20 g/cm, which is less than half that of glass. It also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene, but significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers. PMMA ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and
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used for short-distance communication is made from PMMA, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated PMMA, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass
1548:(MEKP), to produce hardened transparent PMMA in any shape, from a mold. Objects like insects or coins, or even dangerous chemicals in breakable quartz ampules, may be embedded in such "cast" blocks, for display and safe handling.
2414:
Ishiyama, Chiemi; Yamamoto, Yoshito; Higo, Yakichi (2005). Buchheit, T.; Minor, A.; Spolenak, R.; et al. (eds.). "Effects of
Humidity History on the Tensile Deformation Behaviour of Poly(methylâmethacrylate) (PMMA) Films".
185:
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Due to its aforementioned biocompatibility, poly(methyl methacrylate) is a commonly used material in modern dentistry, particularly in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, Lucite was an extremely popular material for jewelry, with several companies specialized in creating high-quality pieces from this material. Lucite beads and ornaments are still sold by jewelry
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PMMA technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications. By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated PMMA resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created
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is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone. It is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA). Although PMMA is biologically compatible, MMA is considered to be an irritant and a possible
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Pairs of acrylic sheets with a layer of microreplicated prisms between the sheets can have reflective and refractive properties that let them redirect part of incoming sunlight in dependence on its
808:
groups. Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore it is often the material of choice for outdoor applications.
1192:
Attenuation being quite strong for distances over one meter (more than 90% intensity loss for a 3000 K source), acrylic broadband light guides are then dedicated mostly to decorative uses.
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experimented with samples of Lucite sent to him by DuPont; De Swart created tools to work the Lucite for sculpture and mixed chemicals to bring about certain effects of color and refraction.
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Lapshin, R. V.; Alekhin, A. P.; Kirilenko, A. G.; Odintsov, S. L.; Krotkov, V. A. (2010). "Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) surface".
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Pure poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer is rarely sold as an end product, since it is not optimized for most applications. Rather, modified formulations with varying amounts of other
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In particular, acrylic-type lenses are useful for cataract surgery in patients that have recurrent ocular inflammation (uveitis), as acrylic material induces less inflammation.
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may be added to improve processing properties, lower the glass transition temperature, improve impact properties, and improve mechanical properties such as elastic modulus
1879:
Wapler, M. C.; Leupold, J.; Dragonu, I.; von
Elverfeldt, D.; Zaitsev, M.; Wallrabe, U. (2014). "Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond".
894:
Comonomers such as methacrylic acid can be added to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer for higher temperature use such as in lighting applications.
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Historically, PMMA was an important improvement in the design of aircraft windows, making possible such designs as the bombardier's transparent nose compartment in the
1098:. Designers started building large aquariums when poly(methyl methacrylate) could be used. It is less often used in other building types due to incidents such as the
986:, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently. The strength of the material is higher than molding grades owing to its extremely high
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PMMA, in the commercial form
Technovit 7200 is used vastly in the medical field. It is used for plastic histology, electron microscopy, as well as many more uses.
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Cappitelli, Francesca; Principi, Pamela; Sorlini, Claudia (2006). "Biodeterioration of modern materials in contemporary collections: Can biotechnology help?".
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In the majority of applications, PMMA will not shatter. Rather, it breaks into large dull pieces. Since PMMA is softer and more easily scratched than glass,
308:
1372:
columns use cast acrylic tubes as an alternative to glass and stainless steel. These are pressure rated and satisfy stringent requirements of materials for
822:
house was made of fibreglass-reinforced polyester plastic, polyester-polyurethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate); one of them was found to be degrading by
2890:
778:(similar to ordinary window glass). Some manufacturers add coatings or additives to PMMA to improve absorption in the 300â400 nm range. PMMA passes
698:, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass, but modified PMMA is sometimes able to achieve high scratch and impact resistance.
1482:. This is done for its relatively low cost, light weight, shatter-resistance, aesthetics and because it can be ordered in larger sizes than standard
72:
59:
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began using acrylics, especially taking advantage of the material's flexibility, light weight, cost and its capacity to refract and filter light.
970:. The forming temperature starts at the glass transition temperature and goes up from there. All common molding processes may be used, including
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were frequently made of this material. Soft contact lenses are often made of a related polymer, where acrylate monomers containing one or more
30:
This article is about the transparent plastic sometimes called acrylic glass. For the glass/plastic laminate often called "safety glass", see
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Acrylic sheets are produced in dozens of standard colors, most commonly sold using color numbers developed by Rohm & Haas in the 1950s.
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A small amount of acrylate comonomers are routinely used in PMMA grades destined for heat processing, since this stabilizes the polymer to
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chemical sample used for teaching. The glass sample vial of the corrosive and poisonous liquid has been cast into an acrylic plastic cube
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developed a line of electric guitars and basses whose bodies were made completely of acrylic. These instruments were marketed under the
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2497:"Saving a fragile legacy. Biotechnology and microbiology are increasingly used to preserve and restore the world's cultural heritage"
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619:(ICI) in the United Kingdom. ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex. About the same time, chemist and industrialist
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devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids. These small geometries are amenable to using PMMA in a
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and other semiconducting and semi-insulating wafers with a thin film. Patterns on this can be made by an electron beam (using an
812:
811:
PMMA has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3â0.4% by weight. Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption. Its
662:. Notable trade names and brands include Acrylite, Altuglas, Astariglas, Cho Chen, Crystallite, Cyrolite, Hesalite (when used in
35:
3453:
1243:
2853:
Gerchikov, Victor; Mossman, Michele; Whitehead, Lorne (2005). "Modeling
Attenuation versus Length in Practical Light Guides".
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4185:
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Light Pipes: An
Innovative Design Device for Bringing Natural Daylight and Illumination into Buildings with Deep Floor Plan
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PMMA has been used to create ultra-white opaque membranes that are flexible and switch appearance to transparent when wet.
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Kaufmann, Timothy J.; Jensen, Mary E.; Ford, Gabriele; Gill, Lena L.; Marx, William F.; Kallmes, David F. (2002-04-01).
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Zeng, W. R.; Li, S. F.; Chow, W. K. (2002). "Preliminary
Studies on Burning Behavior of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)".
1998:
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in WWII RAF pilots, whose eyes had been riddled with PMMA splinters coming from the side windows of their
Supermarine
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Irradiation process. The optical properties of PMMA change as the gamma dose increases, and can be measured with a
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fighters â the plastic scarcely caused any rejection, compared to glass splinters coming from aircraft such as the
1204:
500:
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LĂłpez, Alejandro; Hoess, Andreas; Thersleff, Thomas; Ott, Marjam; Engqvist, HĂ„kan; Persson, Cecilia (2011-01-01).
1544:" for casting (simply the bulk liquid chemical) may be used in conjunction with a polymerization catalyst such as
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Robert A. Meyers, "Molecular biology and biotechnology: a comprehensive desk reference", Wiley-VCH, 1995, p. 722
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Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at
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has been used to increase the toughness of PMMA to overcome its brittle behavior in response to applied loads.
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762:(3 mm (0.12 in) thickness), and gives a reflection of about 4% from each of its surfaces due to its
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Syurik, Julia; Jacucci, Gianni; Onelli, Olimpia D.; Holscher, Hendrik; Vignolini, Silvia (22 February 2018).
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2003:(Volume 87, Part 11 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1941. pp. A2300âA2302
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849:(chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible
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or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a room. Their developers Veronica Garcia Hansen,
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689:, chemical resistance, and heat resistance. Additionally, PMMA does not contain the potentially harmful
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It was developed in 1928 in several different laboratories by many chemists, such as William R. Conn,
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Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients: complete dentures and implant-supported prostheses
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may be added to give color for decorative applications, or to protect against (or filter) UV light.
876:, additives, and fillers are created for uses where specific properties are required. For example:
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up to 25,000 nm. Colored PMMA varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking
565:, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substanceâhence its occasional historic designation as
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554:). This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to
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often have the regular glass replaced with PMMA to protect the occupants from thrown objects.
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PMMA is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles, such as the
722:
Pieces of Plexiglas taken from the windscreen of a German plane shot down during World War II
558:. It can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.
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Sir Harold Ridely and His Fight for Sight: He Changed the World So That We May Better See It
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2969:"A portable negative pressure unit reduces bone cement fumes in a simulated operating room"
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31:
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Some modern briar, and occasionally meerschaum, tobacco pipes sport stems made of Lucite.
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Refractive index and related constants â Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Acrylic glass)
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3034:"Cardiovascular Effects of Polymethylmethacrylate Use in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty"
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are often added to PMMA sheets to protect it (as well as possible other functions).
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tank has acrylic windows up to 33 centimeters (13 in) thick to withstand the
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2166:. US Patent and Trademark Office. p. Search for Registration Number 0350093
2000:
Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 77th Congress First Session
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was filled with PMMA balls, in order to compress and collapse the affected lung.
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Bedocs, Paul M.; Cliffel, Maureen; Mahon, Michael J.; Pui, John (March 2008).
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Engineering and High Performance Plastics Market Report: A Rapra Market Report
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makes a line of acrylic drums called Vistalites, well known as being used by
666:), Lucite, Optix, Oroglas, PerClax, Perspex, Plexiglas, R-Cast, and Sumipex.
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de Swart, Ursula. My Life with Jan. Collection of Jock de Swart, Durango, CO
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in Munich. It enabled a light and translucent construction of the structure.
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Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques
3159:
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PMMA is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.
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50:
2802:, Nomination for the Far East Economic Review Asian Innovation Awards 2003
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is a process which uses acrylic glass as a substitute for normal glass in
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From approximately the 1960s onward, sculptors and glass artists such as
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PMMA is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.
1095:
1018:
779:
663:
586:
345:
801:; it also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily
316:
CCC(C)(C(=O)OC)CC(C)(C(=O)OC)CC(C)(C(=O)OC)CC(C)(C(=O)OC)CC(C)(C(=O)OC)C
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essentially consists of PMMA suspended in water; however since PMMA is
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798:
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711:
379:
17:
3143:"Bio-inspired Highly Scattering Networks via Polymer Phase Separation"
2769:
Constructing Architecture â Materials Processes Structures, A Handbook
1661:
process. A solution consisting of the polymer in a solvent is used to
1747:
1584:
1475:
1208:
1157:
PMMA (under the brand name "Lucite") was used for the ceiling of the
819:
351:
339:
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Laser cut acrylic panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a
937:
methods), but anionic polymerization of PMMA can also be performed.
585:, was formulated in 1865. The reaction between methacrylic acid and
435:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1242:. This compatibility was discovered by the English ophthalmologist
1133:. Modern aircraft transparencies often use stretched acrylic plies.
240:
2219:
1893:
1743:
1677:
1578:
1566:
1555:
1524:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1305:
1094:
PMMA is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial
1076:
1052:
805:
740:
717:
705:
596:, and Walter Bauer, and first brought to market in 1933 by German
562:
476:
184:
174:
841:), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as
3503:
1338:
231:
3917:
3410:
1468:
Perspex has been used as a surface to paint on, for example by
484:: high-voltage dielectric breakdown in an acrylic polymer block
1618:
1001:
903:
44:
2646:
Stickler, Manfred; Rhein, Thoma (2000). "Polymethacrylates".
2341:
The effect of UV light and weather on plastics and elastomers
1119:
PMMA is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.
649:
oate). (It is a common mistake to use "an" instead of "en".)
3372:. Croydon, Victoria, Australia: Tertiary Press. p. 11.
3178:
How Electronic Things Work... And What to do When They Don't
2159:
1238:
when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of
726:
PMMA is a strong, tough, and lightweight material. It has a
277:
3406:
1614:
710:
Skeletal structure of methyl methacrylate, the constituent
2365:
Altuglas International Plexiglas UF-3 UF-4 and UF-5 sheets
1688:
and nanostructured PMMA surface can be easily smoothed by
1621:
use both acrylic and polycarbonate for impact resistance).
685:, polishability, and UV tolerance are more important than
658:
can also refer to other polymers or copolymers containing
645:. The full IUPAC chemical name is poly(methyl 2-methylprop
3212:
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook
3076:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. February 28, 2015.
2131:
Plastics Materials and Processes: A Concise Encyclopedia
2967:
Carroll, Gregory T.; Kirschman, David L. (2022-07-13).
2843:, World Cities Summit 2008, June 23â25, 2008, Singapore
2596:"Low-modulus PMMA bone cement modified with castor oil"
2344:(4th ed.). Washington, WA: Elsevier. p. 254.
2128:
Charles A. Harper; Edward M. Petrie (10 October 2003).
1672:), deep UV light (shorter wavelength than the standard
1203:. Such panels have been commercialized for purposes of
1029:
453:
1146:
PMMA was used for the roofing of the compound in the
782:
light of up to 2,800 nm and blocks IR of longer
2443:"Tangram Technology Ltd. â Polymer Data File â PMMA"
4236:
4199:
4156:
4113:
4075:
4042:
4011:
3957:
3906:
3851:
3796:
3789:
3701:
3660:
3617:
3444:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
1638:PMMA, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in
1489:As early as 1939, Los Angeles-based Dutch sculptor
1226:PMMA has a good degree of compatibility with human
933:. Generally, radical initiation is used (including
3175:
2264:DATA TABLE FOR: Polymers: Commodity Polymers: PMMA
2047:
2023:"Polymethyl methacrylate | chemical compound"
1680:. Exposure to these creates chain scission or (de-
1642:-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable
1624:It is used as a light guide for the backlights in
982:. The highest quality PMMA sheets are produced by
27:Transparent thermoplastic, commonly called acrylic
3103:(13th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Mosby.
1774:in the "acrylic" type often include PMMA powder.
747:, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including
652:Although PMMA is often called simply "acrylic",
561:It is often technically classified as a type of
160:
2648:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3929:
3422:
3262:
3260:
1952:. Refractiveindex.info. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
1230:, and it is used in the manufacture of rigid
34:. For the neurotoxic designer drug PMMA, see
8:
2748:Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Illumination
2386:Plastics Failure Guide: Cause and Prevention
1810:, specifically as the cap and body material.
604:) and its partner and former U.S. affiliate
577:The first acrylic acid was created in 1843.
3368:Symington, Jan (2006). "Salon management".
3358:. Ibanezregister.com. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
2897:. Bendinglight.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
2641:
2639:
891:are often added to improve impact strength.
794:or heat sensor applications, for example).
526:, as well as by the trade names and brands
3936:
3922:
3914:
3793:
3429:
3415:
3407:
1975:"DPMAregister | Marken - Registerauskunft"
1799:PMMA is used by the Sailor Pen Company of
797:PMMA swells and dissolves in many organic
774:(UV) light at wavelengths below about 300
589:results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
292:
222:
91:
3402:Perspex Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
3158:
3049:
3008:
2611:
2569:"Tensions in acrylics when laser cutting"
2520:
2304:
2196:(902). IPC Magazines: 684. 13 June 1974.
2186:"Misused materials stoked Sumerland fire"
1892:
1788:PMMA is a widely used material to create
1187:Far East Economic Review Innovation Award
815:is relatively high at (5â10)Ă10 °C.
259:
2757:. Terrypepper.com. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
2686:Materials Selection in Mechanical Design
2054:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
1359:fabrication process and offers moderate
1112:'s viewing sphere and the window of the
358:
354:
348:
342:
75:of all important aspects of the article.
3254:(CRC, New York, 2009) Chapters 3 and 4.
1869:. Makeitfrom.com. Retrieved 2015-03-23.
1847:
955:PMMA is 105 °C (221 °F). The
313:
288:
3519:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
3206:Williams, K.S.; Mcdonnell, T. (2012),
2916:, Building Design Online, June 8, 2007
2374:. Plexiglas.com. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
1938:
1936:
1860:Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, Acrylic)
1653:research and industry, PMMA aids as a
1189:in bronze for this technology in 2003.
213:
71:Please consider expanding the lead to
3459:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
3454:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
3080:from the original on 21 November 2015
2600:Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering
2259:
2257:
669:PMMA is an economical alternative to
637:Common orthographic stylings include
7:
4271:List of environmental health hazards
4191:List of environmental health hazards
2575:from the original on 8 December 2015
2273:. Matbase.com. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
2160:"Trademark Electronic Search System"
2134:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 9.
1855:
1853:
1851:
1300:events in the operating room due to
3208:"Recycling liquid crystal displays"
2208:from the original on 21 April 2016.
2148:from the original on 20 April 2016.
2110:from the original on 21 April 2016.
1803:, in their standard models of gold-
1575:made from poly(methyl methacrylate)
1265:lenses are commonly made from PMMA.
1185:, and Ian Edmonds were awarded the
1057:Close-up of pressure sphere of the
239:
4076:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
3038:American Journal of Neuroradiology
2690:(3rd ed.). Elsevier. p.
912:may be substituted to reduce cost.
25:
3174:Goodman, Robert L. (2002-11-19).
2723:. John Wiley & Sons. p.
2090:David K. Platt (1 January 2003).
1698:Small strips of PMMA are used as
3608:
3602:
3494:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
3469:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
2449:from the original on 2010-04-21.
1006:
884:("unzipping") during processing.
813:coefficient of thermal expansion
443:
98:
49:
36:para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine
3474:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
2719:Handbook of Materials Selection
2226:from the original on 2013-01-21
2096:. Smithers Rapra. p. 170.
2029:from the original on 2017-10-31
1754:have also made acrylic guitars.
1308:and not so much like a glue in
1296:. PMMA has also been linked to
1199:. Such panels act as miniature
439:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
116:Poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate)
63:may be too short to adequately
3837:Category:Plastics applications
3584:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
3579:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
3564:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3214:, Elsevier, pp. 312â338,
2767:Deplazes, Andrea, ed. (2013).
2076:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1021:format but may read better as
921:PMMA is routinely produced by
73:provide an accessible overview
1:
3544:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
3147:Advanced Functional Materials
2819:. May 9, 2005. Archived from
2474:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.06.001
1376:, toxicity, and extractables.
600:(as of January 2019, part of
4261:Persistent organic pollutant
4222:Toxic Substances Control Act
4181:Persistent organic pollutant
3464:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
3397:Perspex Technical Properties
3312:"Invisible tattoo granuloma"
3182:. McGraw Hill Professional.
3099:Zarb, George Albert (2013).
3074:"Filling in Wrinkles Safely"
2813:"Lighting up your workplace"
2338:McKeen, Laurence W. (2019).
2220:"WIPO Global Brand Database"
1546:methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
1329:is an outdated treatment of
942:glass transition temperature
858:produce undesirable "stress-
617:Imperial Chemical Industries
4254:Great Pacific garbage patch
4176:Great Pacific garbage patch
3589:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
3504:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
3220:10.1533/9780857096333.3.312
2946:. Thorofare NJ USA: Slack.
2245:"Never cut these materials"
1962:Plexiglas history by Evonik
1344:Emerging biotechnology and
1234:which are implanted in the
1131:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
1081:10-meter (33 ft) deep
4384:
4217:Japan Toxic Substances Law
4012:Miscellaneous plasticizers
3370:Australian nail technology
3252:Tunable Laser Applications
2993:10.1038/s41598-022-16227-x
2297:10.1177/073490402762574749
1518:
1304:. Bone cement acts like a
1169:
867:scratch-resistant coatings
837:cement (commonly known as
551:
93:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
29:
4291:
4212:European REACH regulation
4207:California Proposition 65
3950:polyhalogenated compounds
3827:High-performance plastics
3652:High-performance plastics
3600:
3289:10.1134/S1027451010010015
2071:"polymethyl methacrylate"
2049:"polymethyl methacrylate"
1911:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.005
1659:electron beam lithography
1337:space around an infected
833:PMMA can be joined using
433:
324:
304:
144:
133:Methyl methacrylate resin
127:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
121:
111:
106:
97:
3637:Fibre-reinforced plastic
3574:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2867:10.1582/LEUKOS.01.04.003
2656:10.1002/14356007.a21_473
2544:"Working with Plexiglas"
2513:10.1038/sj.embor.7400844
2495:Rinaldi, Andrea (2006).
2285:Journal of Fire Sciences
1529:Illustrative and secure
1126:rinks is made from PMMA.
1122:Spectator protection in
917:Synthesis and processing
550:, among several others (
518:. PMMA is also known as
40:Acrylic (disambiguation)
3688:Biodegradable additives
2942:Apple, David J (2006).
2462:Trends in Biotechnology
1589:Warrington, New Zealand
1030:converting this section
927:solution polymerization
923:emulsion polymerization
639:polymethyl methacrylate
395:Magnetic susceptibility
4103:Perfluorooctanoic acid
3539:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
3534:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
3479:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
3160:10.1002/adfm.201706901
2429:10.1557/PROC-875-O12.7
2396:, Hanser Verlag, 1996
1686:radio-frequency plasma
1644:solid state dye lasers
1591:
1576:
1564:
1534:
1442:
1441:Lucite Bangle Bracelet
1434:
1423:
1412:
1090:
1065:
723:
715:
643:polymethylmethacrylate
485:
38:. For other uses, see
4368:Transparent materials
4283:Biodegradable plastic
3632:Thermosetting polymer
3529:Polylactic acid (PLA)
2613:10.3233/BME-2012-0679
1632:Plastic optical fiber
1582:
1570:
1559:
1528:
1484:picture framing glass
1440:
1429:
1418:
1411:Perspex car sculpture
1407:
1083:Monterey Bay Aquarium
1080:
1056:
935:living polymerization
721:
709:
606:Rohm and Haas Company
480:
4294:Identification codes
3894:Foam food containers
3817:Engineering plastics
2888:How Serraglaze works
2555:science-projects.com
1794:financial tombstones
1465:objects translucent.
1166:Daylight redirection
1152:1972 Summer Olympics
1136:Police vehicles for
374:Varies
4343:Engineering plastic
4328:Commodity chemicals
4133:Endocrine disruptor
3731:Compression molding
3683:Polymer stabilizers
3281:2010JSIXS...4....1L
2985:2022NatSR..1211890C
2715:Kutz, Myer (2002).
1903:2014JMagR.242..233W
1702:devices during the
1670:electron microscope
1538:Methyl methacrylate
1433:acrylic grand piano
1348:use PMMA to create
1346:biomedical research
1268:Historically, hard
1114:bathyscaphe Trieste
1100:Summerland disaster
976:compression molding
931:bulk polymerization
887:Comonomers such as
509:engineering plastic
507:. It is used as an
505:methyl methacrylate
493:methyl methacrylate
94:
4148:Polymer fume fever
3807:Commodity plastics
3781:Rotational molding
3751:Fiberglass molding
3711:Injection moulding
3693:Filler (materials)
3642:Corrugated plastic
3594:Tritan copolyester
3549:Polypropylene (PP)
3499:Polycarbonate (PC)
3354:2007-09-28 at the
2973:Scientific Reports
2912:2009-01-10 at the
2893:2009-03-05 at the
2839:2008-09-25 at the
2798:2009-03-05 at the
2753:2009-01-23 at the
2567:Andersen, Hans J.
2549:2015-02-21 at the
2392:2016-04-21 at the
2370:2006-11-17 at the
2269:2007-12-13 at the
2079:. Merriam-Webster.
1948:2014-11-06 at the
1865:2015-04-02 at the
1692:(VUV) irradiation.
1690:vacuum ultraviolet
1592:
1577:
1565:
1535:
1443:
1435:
1424:
1421:Manfred Kielnhofer
1413:
1400:Art and aesthetics
1285:orthopedic surgery
1232:intraocular lenses
1207:, to be used as a
1197:angle of incidence
1091:
1066:
1032:, if appropriate.
724:
716:
648:
598:Röhm & Haas AG
486:
482:Lichtenberg figure
466:Infobox references
92:
4353:Optical materials
4348:German inventions
4313:Acrylate polymers
4300:
4299:
4278:Plastic recycling
4244:Plastic pollution
4230:
4229:
4164:Plastic pollution
3944:Health issues of
3902:
3901:
3798:Plastics industry
3716:Plastic extrusion
3569:Polyurethane (PU)
3559:Polysulfone (PES)
3514:Polyethylene (PE)
3489:Polybutylene (PB)
3229:978-0-85709-089-8
2953:978-1-55642-786-2
2734:978-0-471-35924-1
2701:978-0-7506-6168-3
2680:Ashby, Michael F.
2351:978-0-1281-6457-0
2141:978-0-471-45920-0
2103:978-1-85957-380-8
1887:(2014): 233â242.
1831:Organic photonics
1708:spectrophotometer
1609:PMMA was used in
1521:Acrylic embedment
1172:Anidolic lighting
1159:Houston Astrodome
1051:
1050:
992:Rubber toughening
972:injection molding
679:flexural strength
660:polyacrylonitrile
646:
602:Evonik Industries
501:synthetic polymer
474:Chemical compound
472:
471:
273:CompTox Dashboard
186:Interactive image
90:
89:
16:(Redirected from
4375:
4333:Dental materials
4318:Amorphous solids
4169:Rubber pollution
4019:Organophosphates
3938:
3931:
3924:
3915:
3794:
3766:Filament winding
3741:Transfer molding
3668:Polymer additive
3612:
3606:
3554:Polystyrene (PS)
3431:
3424:
3417:
3408:
3384:
3383:
3365:
3359:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3264:
3255:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3012:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2939:
2933:
2923:
2917:
2904:
2898:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2850:
2844:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2817:Fresh Innovators
2809:
2803:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2758:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2615:
2606:(5â6): 323â332.
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2558:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2411:
2405:
2381:
2375:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2308:
2280:
2274:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2125:
2112:
2111:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:register.dpma.de
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1896:
1876:
1870:
1857:
1772:Artificial nails
1674:photolithography
1613:optical media. (
1374:biocompatibility
1361:biocompatibility
1317:cosmetic surgery
1252:Hawker Hurricane
1073:Glass substitute
1046:
1043:
1037:
1028:You can help by
1010:
1009:
1002:
882:depolymerization
847:trichloromethane
770:nm). It filters
769:
766:(1.4905 at 589.3
764:refractive index
675:tensile strength
579:Methacrylic acid
456:
450:
447:
446:
428:
412:Refractive index
404:
401:â9.06Ă10 (SI, 22
387:
363:
332:Chemical formula
297:
296:
281:
279:
263:
243:
226:
215:
188:
164:
102:
95:
85:
82:
76:
53:
45:
21:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4287:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4195:
4152:
4109:
4071:
4038:
4007:
3953:
3942:
3908:
3898:
3847:
3785:
3771:Solvent bonding
3761:Plastic welding
3703:
3697:
3656:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3598:
3509:Polyester (PEs)
3446:
3440:
3435:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3356:Wayback Machine
3347:
3343:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3194:PMMA Laserdisc.
3190:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3153:(24): 1706901.
3140:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3111:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3031:
3030:
3026:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2924:
2920:
2914:Wayback Machine
2905:
2901:
2895:Wayback Machine
2886:
2882:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2841:Wayback Machine
2832:
2828:
2823:on 2 July 2005.
2811:
2810:
2806:
2800:Wayback Machine
2790:
2786:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2755:Wayback Machine
2746:
2742:
2735:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:Wayback Machine
2542:
2538:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2417:MRS Proceedings
2413:
2412:
2408:
2394:Wayback Machine
2382:
2378:
2372:Wayback Machine
2363:
2359:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2321:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2271:Wayback Machine
2262:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2142:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2104:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1950:Wayback Machine
1941:
1934:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1867:Wayback Machine
1858:
1849:
1844:
1817:
1724:made with PMMA
1561:High-heel shoes
1554:
1542:synthetic resin
1523:
1402:
1383:
1298:cardiopulmonary
1274:hydroxyl groups
1223:
1216:normal glazing.
1174:
1168:
1075:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1027:
1011:
1007:
1000:
968:
960:
949:
919:
843:dichloromethane
767:
745:carbon monoxide
704:
687:impact strength
635:
581:, derived from
575:
475:
468:
463:
462:
461: ?)
452:
448:
444:
440:
426:
425:1.4905 at 589.3
422:
420:
402:
398:
385:
362:
356:
350:
344:
337:
334:
320:
317:
312:
311:
300:
282:
275:
266:
246:
207:
191:
178:
167:
154:
140:
139:
117:
86:
80:
77:
70:
58:This article's
54:
43:
32:Laminated glass
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4363:Thermoplastics
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4062:Vinyl chloride
4059:
4056:Polycarbonates
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4030:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3869:Packaging film
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3852:Specific goods
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3776:Vacuum forming
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3647:Polymeric foam
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:Polyimide (PI)
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:Polyamide (PA)
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3391:External links
3389:
3386:
3385:
3379:978-0864585981
3378:
3360:
3341:
3322:(3): 262â264.
3302:
3256:
3240:
3228:
3198:
3188:
3166:
3133:
3124:
3109:
3091:
3065:
3024:
2959:
2952:
2934:
2918:
2907:Glaze of light
2899:
2880:
2845:
2826:
2804:
2784:
2778:978-3038214526
2777:
2771:. BirkhÀuser.
2759:
2740:
2733:
2707:
2700:
2671:
2664:
2635:
2586:
2559:
2536:
2507:(11): 1075â9.
2487:
2452:
2434:
2406:
2376:
2357:
2350:
2330:
2291:(4): 297â317.
2275:
2253:
2236:
2211:
2177:
2151:
2140:
2113:
2102:
2082:
2062:
2039:
2014:
1990:
1966:
1954:
1932:
1871:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1797:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1755:
1735:In the 1960s,
1733:
1711:
1696:
1693:
1647:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1563:made of Lucite
1553:
1550:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:Frederick Hart
1494:
1487:
1480:picture frames
1473:
1466:
1458:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:chromatography
1364:
1342:
1324:
1313:
1281:
1270:contact lenses
1266:
1256:
1255:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1193:
1190:
1170:Main article:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1103:
1087:water pressure
1074:
1071:
1049:
1048:
1014:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:
988:molecular mass
966:
958:
947:
918:
915:
914:
913:
907:
901:
895:
892:
889:butyl acrylate
885:
792:remote control
737:carbon dioxide
703:
700:
634:
631:
574:
571:
511:, and it is a
473:
470:
469:
464:
442:
441:
437:standard state
434:
431:
430:
423:
418:
410:
407:
406:
399:
393:
390:
389:
382:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
335:
330:
327:
326:
322:
321:
319:
318:
315:
307:
306:
305:
302:
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285:
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271:
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234:
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227:
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199:
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157:
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141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
124:
123:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
104:
103:
88:
87:
67:the key points
57:
55:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4380:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:Garbage patch
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4115:Health issues
4112:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3932:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Shopping bags
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:(Agriculture)
3843:
3842:Plasticulture
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Geosynthetics
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Thermoforming
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Thermoplastic
3625:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3248:Duarte, F. J.
3244:
3241:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3189:9780071429245
3185:
3180:
3179:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3110:9780323078443
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:1-56081-925-1
2928:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:Kenneth Yeang
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2744:
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2736:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2693:
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2681:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:1-56990-184-8
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:New Scientist
2187:
2181:
2178:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1836:Polycarbonate
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Organic laser
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1808:fountain pens
1806:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1758:Ludwig-Musser
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:Dan Armstrong
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:microcapsules
1723:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:cross-linking
1679:
1676:process), or
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:semiconductor
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:Salvador DalĂ
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:Acrylic paint
1445:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:lab-on-a-chip
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1244:Harold Ridley
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:light shelves
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1045:
1036:is available.
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1015:This section
1013:
1004:
1003:
997:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
954:
950:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
916:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
878:
877:
875:
870:
868:
863:
861:
856:
855:Laser cutting
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:cyanoacrylate
831:
829:
825:
824:cyanobacteria
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
788:visible light
785:
781:
777:
773:
765:
761:
760:visible light
758:up to 92% of
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
720:
713:
708:
701:
699:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:polycarbonate
667:
665:
664:Omega watches
661:
657:
656:
650:
644:
640:
632:
630:
627:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
572:
570:
568:
567:acrylic glass
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:acrylic glass
521:
517:
516:thermoplastic
514:
510:
506:
503:derived from
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
479:
467:
460:
455:
438:
432:
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290:DTXSID1042152
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250:
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216:
214:ECHA InfoCard
211:
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200:
198:
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96:
84:
74:
68:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
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33:
19:
4323:Biomaterials
3959:Plasticizers
3907:Environment
3859:Blister pack
3812:Construction
3721:Blow molding
3468:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3272:
3268:
3251:
3243:
3233:, retrieved
3211:
3201:
3193:
3177:
3169:
3150:
3146:
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3127:
3100:
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3068:
3044:(4): 601â4.
3041:
3037:
3027:
2979:(1): 11890.
2976:
2972:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2921:
2902:
2883:
2861:(4): 47â59.
2858:
2854:
2848:
2829:
2821:the original
2816:
2807:
2791:Yeang, Ken.
2787:
2768:
2762:
2743:
2718:
2710:
2685:
2674:
2647:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2562:
2554:
2539:
2504:
2501:EMBO Reports
2500:
2490:
2468:(8): 350â4.
2465:
2461:
2455:
2437:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2385:
2379:
2360:
2340:
2333:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2239:
2228:. Retrieved
2214:
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2189:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2130:
2092:
2085:
2074:
2065:
2053:
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1999:
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:
1969:
1964:(in German).
1957:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1821:Cast acrylic
1782:
1762:Led Zeppelin
1571:An electric
1536:
1491:Jan De Swart
1419:PMMA art by
1384:
1350:microfluidic
1331:tuberculosis
1321:bodybuilders
1310:arthroplasty
1257:
1148:Olympic Park
1138:riot control
1107:
1067:
1060:
1059:bathyscaphe
1039:
1034:Editing help
1016:
998:Applications
984:cell casting
964:
956:
945:
939:
920:
898:Plasticizers
871:
864:
832:
817:
810:
796:
753:
749:formaldehyde
725:
696:impact force
683:transparency
668:
653:
651:
642:
638:
636:
626:World War II
614:
597:
591:
583:acrylic acid
576:
566:
560:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
496:
492:
488:
487:
415:
359:
145:Identifiers
122:Other names
78:
62:
60:lead section
4338:Dielectrics
4200:Regulations
4052:Bisphenol A
3736:Calendering
3678:Plasticizer
3618:Mechanical
3275:(1): 1â11.
2579:23 December
2383:Myer Ezrin
2306:10397/31946
1801:Kure, Japan
1766:John Bonham
1730:fluorescent
1573:bass guitar
1502:Leroy Lamis
1498:Jan KubĂÄek
1451:hydrophobic
1302:hypotension
1289:bone cement
1278:hydrophilic
1205:daylighting
784:wavelengths
772:ultraviolet
691:bisphenol-A
612:Plexiglas.
513:transparent
325:Properties
220:100.112.313
4307:Categories
4128:Carcinogen
4093:Organotins
3963:Phthalates
3909:and health
3756:Pultrusion
3746:Laminating
3704:processing
3235:2022-06-27
3084:8 December
2665:3527306730
2230:2013-01-25
2033:2017-05-22
1984:2021-09-29
1842:References
1722:tattoo ink
1718:UV tattoos
1716:-reactive
1714:Blacklight
1552:Other uses
1519:See also:
1512:suppliers.
1455:suspension
1367:Bioprocess
1333:where the
1294:carcinogen
1276:make them
1179:light pipe
1124:ice hockey
874:comonomers
803:hydrolyzed
735:, forming
702:Properties
673:(PC) when
608:under the
370:Molar mass
261:Z47NNT4J11
197:ChemSpider
173:3D model (
152:CAS Number
113:IUPAC name
4157:Pollution
4123:Teratogen
4054:(BPA, in
3702:Plastics
3673:Colorants
3661:Additives
3445:Chemical
3328:0011-4162
3119:773020864
3001:2045-2322
2875:220306943
2622:0959-2989
2423:: O12.7.
2202:0262-4079
1894:1403.4760
1790:deal toys
1752:B.C. Rich
1700:dosimeter
1663:spin coat
1640:laser dye
1611:Laserdisc
1587:house in
1462:furniture
1381:Dentistry
1240:cataracts
1183:Ken Yeang
1110:submarine
1096:aquariums
980:extrusion
839:superglue
756:transmits
621:Otto Röhm
610:trademark
594:Otto Röhm
552:see below
536:Plexiglas
499:) is the
162:9011-14-7
65:summarize
4358:Plastics
4138:Diabetes
4044:Monomers
4024:Adipates
3946:plastics
3800:segments
3790:Products
3438:Plastics
3352:Archived
3349:JS2K-PLT
3336:18441850
3297:97385151
3078:Archived
3060:11950651
3019:35831355
2910:Archived
2891:Archived
2837:Archived
2796:Archived
2751:Archived
2682:(2005).
2630:22561251
2573:Archived
2547:Archived
2531:17077862
2482:16782219
2447:Archived
2404:, p. 168
2390:Archived
2368:Archived
2325:14365060
2315:97589855
2267:Archived
2224:Archived
2206:Archived
2146:Archived
2108:Archived
2058:Elsevier
2027:Archived
2007:3 August
1946:Archived
1927:11545416
1919:24705364
1863:Archived
1815:See also
1764:drummer
1720:may use
1626:TFT-LCDs
1327:Plombage
1263:Eyeglass
1248:Spitfire
1221:Medicine
1150:for the
1042:May 2023
799:solvents
780:infrared
587:methanol
540:Acrylite
532:Hesalite
397:(χ)
81:May 2023
4266:Dioxins
4186:Dioxins
4143:Obesity
3884:Cutlery
3874:Bottles
3277:Bibcode
3250:(Ed.),
3051:7975098
3010:9279392
2981:Bibcode
2522:1679785
2170:29 June
1899:Bibcode
1783:in situ
1746:brand.
1737:luthier
1666:silicon
1657:in the
1531:bromine
1460:Modern
1357:biochip
1335:pleural
1287:, PMMA
1061:Trieste
953:atactic
910:Fillers
860:crazing
828:Archaea
728:density
714:of PMMA
712:monomer
655:acrylic
573:History
548:Perspex
520:acrylic
459:what is
457: (
380:Density
364:
136:Perspex
18:Perspex
3983:(BBzP)
3952:(PHCs)
3864:Chairs
3832:Nurdle
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3186:
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1655:resist
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1585:Futuro
1504:, and
1476:Diasec
1228:tissue
1213:canopy
1209:window
1108:Alicia
1017:is in
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929:, and
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546:, and
544:Lucite
528:Crylux
454:verify
451:
427:
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386:
309:SMILES
241:C19504
107:Names
4237:Waste
4083:PBDEs
3994:(DOP)
3620:types
3447:types
3316:Cutis
3293:S2CID
2871:S2CID
2319:INIST
2311:S2CID
2248:(PDF)
1923:S2CID
1889:arXiv
1744:Ampeg
1732:dyes.
1704:Gamma
1602:rays.
1431:Kawai
1409:Lexus
1306:grout
1211:or a
1023:prose
951:) of
806:ester
790:(for
754:PMMA
741:water
733:burns
633:Names
563:glass
556:glass
388:g/cm
175:JSmol
4098:PFCs
4088:PCBs
4064:(in
4028:DEHA
4003:DINP
3998:DIDP
3992:DEHP
3987:DIHP
3971:DIBP
3948:and
3879:Bags
3374:ISBN
3332:PMID
3324:ISSN
3224:ISBN
3184:ISBN
3115:OCLC
3105:ISBN
3086:2015
3056:PMID
3015:PMID
2997:ISSN
2948:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2696:ISBN
2660:ISBN
2626:PMID
2618:ISSN
2581:2014
2527:PMID
2478:PMID
2398:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2198:ISSN
2172:2014
2164:TESS
2136:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2009:2020
1915:PMID
1792:and
1750:and
1728:and
1619:DVDs
1617:and
1339:lung
1019:list
963:its
940:The
904:Dyes
851:weld
826:and
818:The
641:and
497:PMMA
489:Poly
405:°C)
384:1.18
252:UNII
232:KEGG
204:None
130:PMMA
4066:PVC
4033:DOA
3981:BBP
3976:DBP
3285:doi
3216:doi
3155:doi
3046:PMC
3005:PMC
2989:doi
2863:doi
2725:341
2692:519
2652:doi
2608:doi
2517:PMC
2509:doi
2470:doi
2425:doi
2421:875
2301:hdl
2293:doi
1907:doi
1885:242
1881:JMR
1805:nib
1649:In
1615:CDs
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