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which let private publishers produce postcards. These could be mailed for one cent each, while the letter rate was two cents. Publishers created thousands of photochrom prints, usually of cities or landscapes, and sold them as postcards. In this format, photochrom reproductions became popular. The
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555:, for historical reasons, in its classification and description of its collection of such images. Variants of the spelling exist, both in English and in German. "Photochrome" is the English spelling used in some contexts, even by the Library of Congress in a few of its image descriptions. "
178:, strengthening or softening tones as required. The image became imprinted on the stone in bitumen. Each tint was applied using a separate stone that bore the appropriate retouched image. The finished print was produced using at least six, but more commonly ten to fifteen, tint stones.
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80:(color lithography). Because no color information was preserved in the photographic process, the photographer would make detailed notes on the colors within the scene and use the notes to hand paint the negative before transferring the image through
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166:, causing the bitumen to harden in proportion to the amount of light passing through each portion of the negative. This would take ten to thirty minutes in summer and up to several hours in winter. A solvent such as
398:
100:) as the business vehicle for the commercial exploitation of the process and both Füssli and Photoglob continue to exist today. From the mid-1890s the process was licensed by other companies, including the
138:
After World War I, which ended the craze for collecting photochrom postcards, the chief use of the process was for posters and art reproductions. The last photochrom printer operated up to 1970.
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Marc Walter & Sabine Arque, “The World in 1900”, Thames & Hudson, 2007 contains about 300 well-reproduced photochromes from around the world.
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negative was hand colored according to the sketch and notes taken at the scene, then pressed against the coating and exposed to daylight through
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reportedly produced as many as seven million photochrom prints in some years, and ten to thirty thousand different views were offered.
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96:—a printing firm whose history began in the 16th century. Füssli founded the stock company Photochrom Zürich (later
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The process was invented in the 1880s by Hans Jakob Schmid (1856–1924), an employee of the Swiss company
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called a "litho stone" was coated with a light-sensitive surface composed of a thin layer of purified
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in the US (making it the basis of their "phostint" process), and the
Photochrom Company of London.
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119:, all active in the 1880s. The photochrom process was most popular in the 1890s, when true
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Amongst the first commercial photographers to employ the technique were French photographer
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Process for producing colorized images from black-and-white photographies
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Detroit
Photographic Company’s Views of North America, ca. 1897–1924
206:, which shows the evocative coloration characteristic of the process
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was applied to remove the unhardened bitumen. The plate would be
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780:
The
Library of Congress Public Domain Photochrom Prints Search
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was first developed but was still commercially impractical.
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printing plates. The process is a photographic variant of
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via the direct photographic transfer of the negative onto
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770:https://photochrome.us/description-and-provenance/
680:"MetropoPostcard Guide to Printing Techniques 5"
222:town hall in the 1890s, using fewer color plates
334:A photochrom of an elderly Irish woman using a
719:Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography
565:, the Swiss company that invented the process.
312:A photochrom of Belgian milk peddlers with a
8:
791:(holds probably world's largest collection:
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813:Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
463:Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial
637:"Orell Füssli Company History (in German)"
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618:. University of Vermont. Archived from
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561:" is the German spelling used today by
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775:Description of the Photochrom process
449:to the right of the opening of Vågen.
68:images from a single black-and-white
7:
404:Ruins of the Castle of Arques, near
126:In 1898 the US Congress passed the
25:
743:"An introduction to photochromes"
721:. CRC Press. pp. 1078–1079.
695:Paris bibliothèques, 2009, p. 41
747:www.photographers-resource.co.uk
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551:) is the spelling used by the
480:(Detroit Photographic Company)
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805:prints are accessible online)
658:"History / Erfolgsgeschichte"
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616:"Photochrome (1939–Present)"
236:Shakespeare Memorial Theatre
133:Detroit Photographic Company
102:Detroit Photographic Company
467:Arlington National Cemetery
64:is a process for producing
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115:and American photographer
84:onto the printing plates.
34:1890s photochrom print of
437:in the bottom left side,
441:in the middle, the bay (
128:Private Mailing Card Act
828:Photographic techniques
598:Oxford University Press
111:, British photographer
789:Zurich Central Library
717:Hannavy, John (2008).
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461:A photochrom print of
290:A photochrom print of
234:Photochrom of the old
148:lithographic limestone
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594:UK English Dictionary
117:William Henry Jackson
70:photographic negative
36:Neuschwanstein Castle
33:
682:. metropostcard.com.
94:Orell Gessner Füssli
553:Library of Congress
368:near low tide, 1900
98:Photoglob Zürich AG
447:Bergenhus Fortress
386:photochrom print,
264:Photochrom of the
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728:978-0-415-97235-2
439:Holy Cross Church
240:Stratford-on-Avon
199:in New York City
121:color photography
78:chromolithography
16:(Redirected from
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843:Swiss inventions
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498:"Photochrom" (
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158:. A reversed
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750:. Retrieved
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662:. Retrieved
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641:. Retrieved
620:the original
610:
602:the original
590:
587:"Photochrom"
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563:Orell Füssli
494:
431: 1890s
382:
364:Entrance to
351: 1890s
146:A tablet of
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82:colored gels
74:lithographic
61:
57:
53:
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48:
660:(in German)
413: 1895
391: 1895
299: 1900
204: 1900
176:tonal scale
164:gel filters
62:Aäc process
58:Photochrome
822:Categories
752:2021-03-05
664:28 October
643:2012-06-16
573:References
501:English:
445:) and the
408:, France,
220:Hildesheim
168:turpentine
50:Photochrom
833:Postcards
811:from the
798:of their
558:Fotochrom
272:, India,
266:Taj Mahal
172:retouched
66:colorized
54:Fotochrom
18:Photoglob
838:Printing
639:. Ofv.ch
473:, U.S.,
471:Virginia
160:halftone
787:at the
383:Osborne
344:Ireland
314:dogcart
244:England
182:Gallery
156:benzene
152:bitumen
142:Process
88:History
60:or the
44:Germany
40:Bavaria
785:Search
725:
592:Lexico
406:Dieppe
486:Notes
465:, in
443:Vågen
723:ISBN
666:2012
381:HMY
270:Agra
802:000
795:600
268:at
824::
800:10
745:.
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628:^
596:.
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