1445:, there were approximately 210,900 physical therapists employed in the United States in 2014, earning an average of $ 84,020 annually in 2015, or $ 40.40 per hour, with 34% growth in employment projected by 2024. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports that there were approximately 128,700 Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides employed in the United States in 2014, earning an average $ 42,980 annually, or $ 20.66 per hour, with 40% growth in employment projected by 2024. To meet their needs, many healthcare and physical therapy facilities hire "travel physical therapists", who work temporary assignments between 8 and 26 weeks for much higher wages; about $ 113,500 a year. Bureau of Labor Statistics data on PTAs and Techs can be difficult to decipher, due to their tendency to report data on these job fields collectively rather than separately. O-Net reports that in 2015, PTAs in the United States earned a median wage of $ 55,170 annually or $ 26.52 hourly and that Aides/Techs earned a median wage of $ 25,120 annually or $ 12.08 hourly in 2015. The American Physical Therapy Association reports vacancy rates for physical therapists as 11.2% in outpatient private practice, 10% in acute care settings, and 12.1% in skilled nursing facilities. The APTA also reports turnover rates for physical therapists as 10.7% in outpatient private practice, 11.9% in acute care settings, 27.6% in skilled nursing facilities.
850:
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years to complete. However, upon completion of level 2, physiotherapists can apply to a unique 1-year course-based Master's program in advanced orthopedics and manipulation at the
University of Western Ontario to complete their training. This program accepts only 16 physiotherapists annually since 2007. Successful completion of either of these education streams and their respective examinations allows physiotherapists the opportunity to apply to the Canadian Academy of Manipulative Physiotherapy (CAMPT) for fellowship. Fellows of the Canadian Academy of manipulative Physiotherapists (FCAMPT) are considered leaders in the field, having extensive post-graduate education in orthopedics and manual therapy. FCAMPT is an internationally recognized credential, as CAMPT is a member of the International Federation of Manipulative Physiotherapists (IFOMPT), a branch of World Physiotherapy (formerly World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT)) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
1884:) is a developing form of physical therapy in response to the increasing demand for physical therapy treatment. Telehealth is online communication between the clinician and patient, either live or in pre-recorded sessions with mixed reviews when compared to usual, in-person care. The benefits of telehealth include improved accessibility in remote areas, cost efficiency, and improved convenience for people who are bedridden and home-restricted, or physically disabled. Some considerations for telehealth include: limited evidence to prove effectiveness and compliance more than in-person therapy, licensing and payment policy issues, and compromised privacy. Studies are controversial as to the effectiveness of telehealth in patients with more serious conditions, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and lower back pain. The interstate compact, enacted in March 2018, allows patients to participate in Telehealth appointments with medical practices located in different states.
736:, and manipulation, mechanical devices such as traction, education, electrophysical modalities which include heat, cold, electricity, sound waves, radiation, assistive devices, prostheses, orthoses, and other interventions. In addition, PTs work with individuals to prevent the loss of mobility before it occurs by developing fitness and wellness-oriented programs for healthier and more active lifestyles, providing services to individuals and populations to develop, maintain, and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. This includes providing treatment in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by aging, injury, disease, or environmental factors. Functional movement is central to what it means to be
1351:), similar to the medical model. Residency programs offer eligibility to sit for the specialist certification in their respective area of practice. For example, completion of an orthopedic physical therapy residency, allows its graduates to apply and sit for the clinical specialist examination in orthopedics, achieving the OCS designation upon passing the examination. Board certification of physical therapy specialists is aimed to recognize individuals with advanced clinical knowledge and skill training in their respective area of practice, and exemplifies the trend toward greater education to optimally treat individuals with movement dysfunction.
1283:. The Master of Physical Therapy and Master of Science in Physical Therapy degrees are no longer offered, and the entry-level degree is the Doctor of Physical Therapy degree, which typically takes 3 years after completing a bachelor's degree. PTs who hold a Masters or bachelors in PT are encouraged to get their DPT because APTA's goal is for all PT's to be on a doctoral level. WCPT recommends physical therapist entry-level educational programs be based on university or university-level studies, of a minimum of four years, independently validated and accredited. Curricula in the United States are accredited by the
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therapy and rehabilitation. The B.Sc. usually requires three years to complete. Students must then enter graduate school to complete a master's degree in physical therapy, which normally requires one and a half to two years of study. Graduates who obtain their M.Sc. must successfully pass the membership examination to become members of the Ordre
Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec (PPQ). Physiotherapists can pursue their education in such fields as rehabilitation sciences, sports medicine, kinesiology, and physiology.
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addition, patients reported that shared decision-making will yield a positive relationship. Practical skills such as the ability to educate patients about their conditions, and professional expertise are perceived as valuable factors inpatient care. Patients value the ability of a clinician to provide clear and simple explanations about their problems. Furthermore, patients value when physical therapists possess excellent technical skills that improve the patient effectively.
1477:(HCPC). Physiotherapists must complete the necessary qualifications, usually an undergraduate physiotherapy degree (at university or as an intern), a master rehabilitation degree, or a doctoral degree in physiotherapy. This is typically followed by supervised professional experience lasting two to three years. All professionals on the HCPC register must comply with continuing professional development (CPD) and can be audited for this evidence at intervals.
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924:. Up until 2014, the Swedish word for a physical therapist was sjukgymnast = someone involved in gymnastics for those who are ill, but the title was then changed to fysioterapeut (physiotherapist), the word used in the other Scandinavian countries. In 1887, PTs were given official registration by Sweden's National Board of Health and Welfare. Other countries soon followed. In 1894, four nurses in Great Britain formed the
1862:, promote cardiopulmonary fitness and inspiratory pressure, as well as reduce symptoms and medication use by people with asthma. Physical therapy is sometimes provided to patients in the ICU, as early mobilization can help reduce ICU and hospital length of stay and improve long-term functional ability. Early progressive mobilization for adult, intubated ICU patients on mechanical ventilation is safe and effective.
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1895:. Telehealth was considered to be a proactive step to prevent decline in individuals that could not attend classes. Physical decline in at risk groups is difficult to address or undo later. The platform licensing or development are found to be the most substantial cost in telehealth. Telehealth does not remove the need for the physical therapist as they still need to oversee the program.
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therapy was established at Walter Reed Army
Hospital in Washington, D.C., following the outbreak of World War I. Research catalyzed the physical therapy movement. The first physical therapy research was published in the United States in March 1921 in "The PT Review." In the same year, Mary McMillan organized the American Women's Physical Therapeutic Association (now called the
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frequently seen by physical therapists). Current training is specifically aimed to enable physical therapists to appropriately recognize and refer non-musculoskeletal diagnoses that may present similarly to those caused by systems not appropriate for physical therapy intervention, which has resulted in direct access to physical therapists in many states.
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contaminated tissue and promote tissue healing. Other commonly used interventions include exercise, edema control, splinting, and compression garments. The work done by physical therapists in the integumentary specialty does work similar to what would be done by medical doctors or nurses in the emergency room or triage.
1675:. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the outpatient clinical setting. Orthopedic therapists are trained in the treatment of post-operative orthopedic procedures, fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions, and amputations.
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Wong JJ, Shearer HM, Mior S, Jacobs C, Côté P, Randhawa K, et al. (December 2016). "Are manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture effective for the management of patients with whiplash-associated disorders or neck pain and associated disorders? An update of the Bone and Joint
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Some jurisdictions allow physical therapists to employ technicians or aides or therapy assistants to perform designated routine tasks related to physical therapy under the direct supervision of a physical therapist. Some jurisdictions require physical therapy technicians or aides to be certified, and
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To date, there are no bridging programs available to facilitate upgrading from the BScPT to the MPT credential. However, research Master's of
Science (MSc) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programs are available at every university. Aside from academic research, practitioners can upgrade their skills
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Modern physical therapy was established towards the end of the 19th century due to events that affected on a global scale, which called for rapid advances in physical therapy. Following this, American orthopedic surgeons began treating children with disabilities and employed women trained in physical
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Based on the current understanding, the most important factors that contribute to the patient-therapist interactions include that the physical therapist: spends an adequate amount of time with the patient, possesses strong listening and communication skills, treats the patient with respect, provides
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Studies have explored four themes that may influence patient-therapist interactions: interpersonal and communication skills, practical skills, individualized patient-centered care, and organizational and environmental factors. Physical therapists need to be able to effectively communicate with their
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Pediatric physical therapy assists in the early detection of health problems and uses a variety of modalities to provide physical therapy for disorders in the pediatric population. These therapists are specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infants, children, and adolescents with
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Physiotherapy degrees are offered at four universities: Edinburgh Napier
University in Edinburgh, Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Glasgow Caledonian University in Glasgow, and Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh. Students can qualify as physiotherapists by completing a four-year Bachelor of
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mostly addresses women's issues related to the female reproductive system, child birth, and post-partum. These conditions include lymphedema, osteoporosis, pelvic pain, prenatal and post-partum periods, and urinary incontinence. It also addresses incontinence, pelvic pain, pelvic organ prolapse and
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residents. The current evidence suggests benefits to physical health from participating in different types of physical rehabilitation to improve daily living, strength, flexibility, balance, mood, memory, exercise tolerance, fear of falling, injuries, and death. It may be both safe and effective in
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Job duties and education requirements for
Physical Therapy Technicians or Aides may vary depending on the employer, but education requirements range from a high school diploma or equivalent to completion of a 2-year degree program. O-Net reports that 64% of PT Aides/Techs have a high school diploma
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The
Canadian Physiotherapy Association offers a curriculum of continuing education courses in orthopedics and manual therapy. The program consists of 5 levels (7 courses) of training with ongoing mentorship and evaluation at each level. The orthopedic curriculum and examinations take a minimum of 4
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During the First World War, women were recruited to work with and restore physical function to injured soldiers, and the field of physical therapy was institutionalized. In 1918 the term "Reconstruction Aide" was used to refer to individuals practicing physical therapy. The first school of physical
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People with brain injury, musculoskeletal conditions, cardiac conditions, or multiple pathologies benefit from a positive alliance between patient and therapist. Outcomes include the ability to perform activities of daily living, manage pain, complete specific physical function tasks, depression,
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Physical therapists who work for professional sports teams often have a specialized sports certification issued through their national registering organization. Most
Physical therapists who practice in a sporting environment are also active in collaborative sports medicine programs too (See also:
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Wound management physical therapy includes the treatment of conditions involving the skin and all its related organs. Common conditions managed include wounds and burns. Physical therapists may utilize surgical instruments, wound irrigations, dressings, and topical agents to remove the damaged or
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Physical therapy-related jobs in North
America have shown rapid growth in recent years, but employment rates and average wages may vary significantly between different countries, states, provinces, or regions. A study from 2013 states that 56.4% of physical therapists were globally satisfied with
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in either health sciences, which lasts on average two years, or physical rehabilitation technology, which lasts at least three years, to apply to a physiotherapy program or program in university. Following admission, physical therapy students work on a bachelor of science with a major in physical
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Physical therapy in the field of oncology and palliative care is a continuously evolving and developing specialty, both in malignant and non-malignant diseases. Physical therapy for both groups of patients is now recognized as an essential part of the clinical pathway, as early diagnoses and new
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The current body of evidence suggests that physical rehabilitation may be effective for long-term care residents in reducing disability with few adverse events. However, there is insufficient to conclude whether the beneficial effects are sustainable and cost-effective. The findings are based on
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were developed, physical therapists became a normal occurrence in hospitals throughout North
America and Europe. In the late 1950s, physical therapists started to move beyond hospital-based practice to outpatient orthopedic clinics, public schools, colleges/universities health-centres, geriatric
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so physical therapists need to take that into account when discussing the patient's ailments as well as planned treatment. Research has shown that using communication tools tailored to the patient's health literacy leads to improved engagement with their practitioner and their clinical care. In
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The Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulators (CAPR) offers eligible program graduates to apply for the national Physiotherapy Competency Examination (PCE). Passing the PCE is one of the requirements in most provinces and territories to work as a licensed physiotherapist in Canada. CAPR has
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Physiotherapy programs are offered at fifteen universities, often through the university's respective college of medicine. Each of Canada's physical therapy schools has transitioned from three-year Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy (BScPT) programs that required two years of prerequisite
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that recognize both physical therapists (PT) and physical therapist assistants (PTA) and some jurisdictions also recognize physical therapy technicians (PT Techs) or aides. Most countries have licensing bodies that require physical therapists to be member of before they can start practicing as
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The physical therapist professional curriculum includes content in the clinical sciences (e.g., content about the cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, metabolic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, and neuromuscular systems and the medical and surgical conditions
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The primary physical therapy practitioner is the Physical Therapist (PT) who is trained and licensed to examine, evaluate, diagnose and treat impairment, functional limitations, and disabilities in patients or clients. Physical therapist education curricula in the United States culminate in a
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settings (skilled nursing facilities), rehabilitation centers and medical centers. Specialization in physical therapy in the U.S. occurred in 1974, with the Orthopaedic Section of the APTA being formed for those physical therapists specializing in orthopedics. In the same year, the
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treatments are enabling patients to live longer. it is generally accepted that patients should have access to an appropriate level of rehabilitation, so that they can function at a minimum level of dependency and optimize their quality of life, regardless of their life expectancy.
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Geriatric physical therapy covers a wide area of issues concerning people as they go through normal adult aging but is usually focused on the older adult. There are many conditions that affect many people as they grow older and include but are not limited to the following:
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Physical therapists are closely involved in the care and wellbeing of athletes including recreational, semi-professional (paid), and professional (full-time employment) participants. This area of practice encompasses athletic injury management under 5 main categories:
1647:. It is recommended for neurophysiotherapists to collaborate with psychologists when providing physical treatment of movement disorders. This is especially important because combining physical therapy and psychotherapy can improve neurological status of the patients.
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defining the profession within its jurisdiction, but the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy has also drafted a model definition to limit this variation. The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) is responsible for accrediting
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Physical therapist assistants may deliver treatment and physical interventions for patients and clients under a care plan established by and under the supervision of a physical therapist. Physical therapist assistants in the United States are currently trained under
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Physical therapists also practice in non-patient care roles such as health policy, health insurance, health care administration and as health care executives. Physical therapists are involved in the medical-legal field serving as experts, performing peer review and
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their jobs. Salary, interest in work, and fulfillment in a job are important predictors of job satisfaction. In a Polish study, job burnout among the physical therapists was manifested by increased emotional exhaustion and decreased sense of personal achievement.
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Coronado RA, Patel AM, McKernan LC, Wegener ST, Archer KR (2019). "Preoperative and postoperative psychologically informed physical therapy: A systematic review of randomized trials among patients with degenerative spine, hip, and knee conditions".
1855:. While spine manipulation and therapeutic massage are effective interventions for neck pain, electroacupuncture, strain-counterstrain, relaxation massage, heat therapy, and ultrasound therapy are not as effective, and thus not recommended.
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program, although individuals are currently able to sit for their specialist examination after 2,000 hours of focused practice in their respective specialty population, in addition to requirements set by each respective specialty board.
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for diagnosis and to guide treatments such as muscle retraining. Those with injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons will benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopedics.
1287:(CAPTE). According to CAPTE, as of 2022 there are 37,306 students currently enrolled in 294 accredited PT programs in the United States while 10,096 PTA students are currently enrolled in 396 PTA programs in the United States.
1851:. Several studies have suggested that physical therapy, particularly manual therapy techniques focused on the neck and the median nerve, combined with stretching exercises, may be equivalent or even preferable to surgery for
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Post-doctoral residency and fellowship education prevalence is increasing steadily with 219 residency, and 42 fellowship programs accredited in 2016. Residencies are aimed to train physical therapists in a specialty such as
1156:, which transitioned to the MPT program in 2012, making the MPT credential the new entry to practice standard across Canada. Existing practitioners with BScPT credentials are not required to upgrade their qualifications.
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is significantly higher among physical therapists working with adults and employed in hospitals. Other factors that increased burnout include working in a hospital setting and having seniority from 15 to 19 years.
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In the province of Quebec, physical rehabilitation therapists are health care professionals who are required to complete a four-year college diploma program in physical rehabilitation therapy and be members of the
5924:
3147:
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university courses (five-year bachelor's degree) to two-year Master's of Physical Therapy (MPT) programs that require prerequisite bachelor's degrees. The last Canadian university to follow suit was the
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Education varies greatly by country. The span of education ranges from some countries having little formal education to others having doctoral degrees and post-doctoral residencies and fellowships.
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are among the Québécois universities that admit physical rehabilitation therapists in their programs of study related to health sciences and rehabilitation to credit courses that were completed in
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The body of knowledge of physical therapy is large, and therefore physical therapists may specialize in a specific clinical area. While there are many different types of physical therapy, the
276:
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4973:"COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Considerations and Costs of Telehealth Exercise Programs for Older Adults With Functional Impairments Living at Home-Lessons Learned From a Pilot Case Study"
1510:. The primary goals of this specialty include increasing endurance and functional independence. Manual therapy is used in this field to assist in clearing lung secretions experienced with
1284:
5904:
3799:"Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions on disease-specific and generic outcomes for individuals with cardiovascular diseases in India – a systematic review and Meta-analysis"
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Jakimowicz S, Stirling C, Duddle M (January 2015). "An investigation of factors that impact patients' subjective experience of nurse-led clinics: a qualitative systematic review".
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in Portland, Oregon, which graduated "reconstruction aides." Since the profession's inception, spinal manipulative therapy has been a component of the physical therapist practice.
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5914:
1636:, movement, muscle strength and loss of functional independence. The techniques involve in neurological physical therapy are wide-ranging and often require specialized training.
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and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies like X-rays, CT-scan, or MRI findings. Physical therapists can use
709:
Physical therapy addresses the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives. PTs use an individual's
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Crocker T, Forster A, Young J, Brown L, Ozer S, Smith J, et al. (Cochrane Stroke Group) (February 2013). "Physical rehabilitation for older people in long-term care".
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Vieira, Rui; Segura-Grau, Elena; Magalhães, Juliana; dos Santos, Joseph; Patrão, Luís (September 2020). "Lung ultrasound as a tool to guide respiratory physiotherapy".
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Zečević I (July 2020). "Clinical practice guidelines based on evidence for cognitive-behavioural therapy in Parkinson's disease comorbidities: A literature review".
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and physical therapists offer therapy for a wide variety of cardiopulmonary disorders or pre and post cardiac or pulmonary surgery. An example of cardiac surgery is
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Wurn BF, Wurn LJ, King CR, Heuer MA, Roscow AS, Hornberger K, Scharf ES (February 2008). "Treating fallopian tube occlusion with a manual pelvic physical therapy".
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1905:
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Educational criteria for physical therapy providers vary from state to state, country to country, and among various levels of professional responsibility. Most
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Environmental factors such as the location, equipment used, and parking are less important to the patient than the physical therapy clinical encounter itself.
4508:
Fernández-de-Las Peñas C, Ortega-Santiago R, de la Llave-Rincón AI, Martínez-Perez A, Fahandezh-Saddi Díaz H, Martínez-Martín J, et al. (November 2015).
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Psychologically informed physical therapy (PIPT), in which a physical therapist treats patients while other members of a multidisciplinary care team help in
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lists ten current specialist certifications. Most Physical Therapists practicing in a specialty will have undergone further training, such as an accredited
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413:
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956:. Manipulative procedures to the spine and extremity joints began to be practiced, especially in the British Commonwealth countries, in the early 1950s.
841:"to enhance their joint collaboration on protecting and investing in the health workforce to provide safe, quality and equitable care in all settings".
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planning for patient management of pain and quality of life, helps improve patient outcomes, especially before and after spine, hip, or knee surgery.
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After completing their technical college diploma, graduates have the opportunity to pursue their studies at the university level to perhaps obtain a
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2042:
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Physical therapy has been found to be effective for improving outcomes, both in terms of pain and function, in multiple musculoskeletal conditions.
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and qualifications through continuing education courses and curriculums. Continuing education is a requirement of the provincial regulatory bodies.
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pandemic, the need for telehealth came to the fore as patients were less able to safely attend in-person, particularly if they were elderly or had
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4429:"Effectiveness of physical therapist administered spinal manipulation for the treatment of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature"
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1945:
88:
84:
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1960:
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377:
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4309:"What Influences Patient-Therapist Interactions in Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy? Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis"
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a variety of congenital, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal, or acquired disorders/diseases. Treatments focus mainly on improving
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and spinal cord injury. Common impairments associated with neurologic conditions include impairments of vision, balance, ambulation,
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employed to expedite recovery in the orthopedic setting. Additionally, an emerging adjunct to diagnosis and treatment is the use of
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curricula specific to the profession, as outlined and accredited by CAPTE. As of December 2022, there were 396 accredited two-year (
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838:
562:
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4050:"Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus muscle thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging"
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education – sharing of specialist knowledge to individual athletes, teams, or clubs to assist in prevention or management of injury
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services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists may have the authority to prescribe medication.
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1801:. Manual physical therapy has been demonstrated in multiple studies to increase rates of conception in women with infertility.
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is, in particular, a rapidly emerging field. PTs practice in many settings, such as privately-owned physical therapy clinics,
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Jesus, Tiago S.; Koh, Gerald; Landry, Michel; Ong, Peck-Hoon; Lopes, Antonio; Green, Peter L.; Hoenig, Helen (October 2016).
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prevention – identification and address of deficiencies known to directly result in, or act as precursors to injury, such as
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305:
5022:"Promoting Physical Activity via Telehealth in People With Parkinson Disease: The Path Forward After the COVID-19 Pandemic?"
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In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapy practice include research, education, consultation, and
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Paton M, Lane R, Hodgson CL (October 2018). "Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit to Improve Long-Term Recovery".
2366:"WHO, members of the World Health Professions Alliance sign new memorandum of understanding on health workforce priorities"
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4265:"The influence of the therapist-patient relationship on treatment outcome in physical rehabilitation: a systematic review"
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1671:, acute trauma such as sprains, strains, injuries of insidious onset such as tendinopathy, bursitis, and deformities like
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998:
261:
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Studies also show physical therapy is effective for patients with other conditions. Physiotherapy treatment may improve
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education, and remedial exercise. These treatments were further applied and promoted during the Polio outbreak of 1916.
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944:(APTA). In 1924, the Georgia Warm Springs Foundation promoted the field by touting physical therapy as a treatment for
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Bunce SM, Moore AP, Hough AD (May 2002). "M-mode ultrasound: a reliable measure of transversus abdominis thickness?".
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3284:"Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy Jurisdiction Licensure Reference Guide Topic: Direct Access Language"
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1988:
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members which are physiotherapy regulatory organizations recognized in their respective provinces and territories:
988:
309:
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154:
35:
5071:"The Protective Impact of Telemedicine on Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic"
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facilities, skilled nursing facilities, extended care facilities, private homes, education and research centers,
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to diagnose and manage common musculoskeletal, nerve, and pulmonary conditions. Electrodiagnostic testing (e.g.,
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Science degree or a two-year master's degree (if they already have an undergraduate degree in a related field).
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and similar diseases by systematic exercise of the joints, similar to later developments in physical therapy.
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928:. The School of Physiotherapy at the University of Otago in New Zealand in 1913, and the United States 1914
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31:
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2600:"Missouri Women in the Health Sciences - Health Professions - Development of the Field of Physical Therapy"
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or equivalent, 21% have completed some college but do not hold a degree, and 10% hold an associate degree.
916:, "Father of Swedish Gymnastics," who founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics (RCIG) in 1813 for
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1571:, etc. Geriatric physical therapists specialize in providing therapy for such conditions in older adults.
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1344:
1180:
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525:
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5194:
4224:"Treating female infertility and improving IVF pregnancy rates with a manual physical therapy technique"
4091:"The use of real-time ultrasound feedback in teaching abdominal hollowing exercises to healthy subjects"
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1940:
1601:
690:
624:
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271:
4132:"Ten-year Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Manual Physical Therapy to Treat Female Infertility"
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clear explanations of the treatment, and allows the patient to be involved in the treatment decisions.
619:, as well as the care provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through
4510:"Manual Physical Therapy Versus Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Randomized Parallel-Group Trial"
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1965:
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4587:"The effectiveness of physiotherapy in patients with asthma: a systematic review of the literature"
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2764:
2736:. International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). Archived from
2267:"Finding the "Right-Size" Physical Therapy Workforce: International Perspective Across 4 Countries"
1980:
1935:
1844:
1770:
1223:
976:
834:
557:
206:
2169:
American Physical Therapy Association Section on Clinical Electrophysiology and Wound Management.
6235:
6057:
5785:
5600:
5595:
5564:
5375:
5370:
5320:
5229:
5199:
4953:
4730:
4651:
4131:
3970:
3826:
1950:
1881:
1737:
1668:
1640:
1621:
1579:
improving physical and possibly mental state, while reducing disability with few adverse events.
1574:
Physical rehabilitation can prevent deterioration in health and activities of daily living among
1527:
968:
was formed, which has ever since played an important role in advancing manual therapy worldwide.
917:
518:
139:
3722:
912:
The earliest documented origins of actual physical therapy as a professional group date back to
4166:"Combined manual therapy techniques for the treatment of women with infertility: a case series"
2109:
https://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/files/DxProcImagPhysTherPractice_FINAL%281%29.pdf
1138:
College of Physiotherapists of New Brunswick/Collège des physiothérapeutes du Nouveau-Brunswick
6189:
6092:
6042:
5853:
5640:
5615:
5610:
5315:
5290:
5262:
5247:
5100:
5051:
5002:
4945:
4937:
4898:
4849:
4808:
4722:
4686:
4643:
4608:
4567:
4531:
4490:
4450:
4409:
4365:
4330:
4307:
O'Keeffe M, Cullinane P, Hurley J, Leahy I, Bunzli S, O'Sullivan PB, O'Sullivan K (May 2016).
4286:
4245:
4204:
4177:
4146:
4130:
Rice AD, Patterson K, Wakefield LB, Reed ED, Breder KP, Wurn BF, et al. (February 2015).
4112:
4071:
4030:
3993:
3962:
3904:
3818:
3664:
3520:
2714:
2652:
2581:
2437:
2137:
1888:
1866:
1733:
1725:
1707:
1336:
1073:
792:
776:
718:
675:
620:
358:
318:
201:
196:
79:
52:
4669:
Stiller K (September 2013). "Physiotherapy in intensive care: an updated systematic review".
2599:
2084:
6282:
6277:
6174:
6087:
5422:
5417:
5392:
5340:
5300:
5242:
5176:
5090:
5082:
5041:
5033:
4992:
4984:
4929:
4888:
4880:
4839:
4798:
4790:
4714:
4678:
4635:
4598:
4559:
4521:
4480:
4440:
4399:
4357:
4320:
4276:
4235:
4102:
4061:
4022:
3954:
3894:
3886:
3810:
3538:
3510:
3468:
2704:
2571:
2563:
2427:
2419:
2129:
2014:
1892:
1781:
1729:
1539:
1530:, treatments can benefit from cardiovascular and pulmonary specialized physical therapists.
1360:
1356:
1211:
862:
784:
683:
628:
494:
489:
353:
3122:
5991:
5719:
5544:
5407:
5397:
5325:
5272:
4550:
Decade Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders by the OPTIMa collaboration".
4165:
3016:"College of Physiotherapists of New Brunswick – Responsive Medical Health WordPress Theme"
2881:"CPTBC – College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia – Inspiring Public Confidence"
2470:
2266:
2002:
1970:
1859:
1848:
1824:
1763:
1655:
1511:
1348:
1258:, a UK-wide regulatory body, on qualifying. Many physiotherapists are also members of the
913:
812:
764:
752:
744:
726:
710:
663:
651:
643:
328:
66:
3409:
3363:"Aggregate Program Data 2021 Physical Therapist Assistant Education Programs Fact Sheets"
1663:
Orthopedic physical therapists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and injuries of the
1159:
In the province of Quebec, prospective physiotherapists are required to have completed a
4777:
Laver KE, Adey-Wakeling Z, Crotty M, Lannin NA, George S, Sherrington C (January 2020).
3797:
Regan, Raja; Sampath, Kesava Kovanur; Devan, Hemakumar; Arumugam, Ashokan (3 May 2020).
2854:
2365:
1600:
Neurological physical therapy is a field focused on working with individuals who have a
829:
Regarding its relationship to other healthcare professions, physiotherapy is one of the
6240:
5848:
5569:
5310:
5095:
5070:
5046:
5021:
4997:
4972:
4893:
4868:
4803:
4778:
4445:
4428:
4240:
2576:
2551:
2432:
2407:
1925:
1819:
global assessment of physical health, treatment adherence, and treatment satisfaction.
1703:
1617:
1300:
1184:
890:
733:
732:
PT management commonly includes prescription of or assistance with specific exercises,
530:
504:
387:
5447:
4026:
2229:
6327:
6077:
5843:
5590:
5574:
4734:
4427:
Kuczynski JJ, Schwieterman B, Columber K, Knupp D, Shaub L, Cook CE (December 2012).
3974:
3830:
3590:
3434:
2251:
1699:
1515:
1449:
1203:
960:
760:
659:
343:
191:
4957:
4917:
4655:
3459:
Gupta N (2013). "Predictors of job satisfaction among physiotherapy professionals".
6194:
6062:
6022:
5585:
5579:
5295:
5252:
4884:
4794:
4222:
Wurn BF, Wurn LJ, King CR, Heuer MA, Roscow AS, Scharf ES, Shuster JJ (June 2004).
3890:
3307:
3037:"Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists - Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists"
1920:
1679:
1629:
1556:
1324:
929:
894:
694:
463:
407:
333:
3814:
3499:"Burnout syndrome in physical therapists - demographic and organizational factors"
2737:
2567:
885:
are believed to have been the first practitioners of physical therapy, advocating
4563:
3480:
1756:
treatment – application of specialist advice and techniques to encourage healing;
1172:(OPPQ) to practice legally in the country according to specialist De Van Gerard.
101:
6272:
5554:
5549:
5402:
4526:
4509:
4107:
4090:
3923:
3798:
3472:
3207:"Master's of Physical Therapy (MPT) vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) Degree"
2349:
1695:
1683:
1207:
1015:
902:
898:
878:
808:
748:
647:
499:
70:
5086:
4828:"Telehealth as a means of health care delivery for physical therapist practice"
4603:
4586:
2206:
17:
6267:
6082:
5780:
5766:
5709:
5335:
4639:
4388:"Patient satisfaction with outpatient physical therapy: instrument validation"
3924:"Wound Bed Preparation: The Science Behind the Removal of Barriers to Healing"
2709:
2692:
2524:
2501:
2423:
1877:
1711:
1363:) programs for physical therapist assistants In the United States of America.
1340:
1328:
1316:
1296:
994:
837:
has signed a "memorandum of understanding" with the four other members of the
780:
772:
768:
743:
Physical therapy is a professional career that has many specialties including
722:
679:
671:
667:
481:
348:
124:
58:
4941:
4726:
4223:
3822:
3387:
6067:
5559:
4933:
4485:
4468:
4066:
4049:
3613:"Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Outpatient Private Practice"
3180:
2625:
1672:
1575:
1552:
1320:
1304:
756:
655:
338:
5104:
5055:
5006:
4949:
4902:
4853:
4812:
4690:
4647:
4612:
4571:
4535:
4494:
4454:
4413:
4404:
4387:
4369:
4334:
4290:
4249:
4208:
4181:
4150:
4116:
4075:
4034:
3966:
3908:
3665:"Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Skilled Nursing Facilities"
3524:
3515:
3498:
2585:
2141:
2064:
1473:
in the United Kingdom. Anyone using this title must be registered with the
5037:
4988:
4682:
2718:
2441:
2009:
6199:
5305:
5214:
5184:
5161:
4844:
4827:
4325:
4308:
4281:
4264:
3899:
3497:
Pustułka-Piwnik U, Ryn ZJ, Krzywoszański Ł, Stożek J (17 November 2014).
2552:"Basis for spinal manipulative therapy: a physical therapist perspective"
1687:
1366:
Curricula for the physical therapist assistant associate degree include:
1192:
949:
921:
854:
804:
698:
966:
International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists
57:
Military physical therapists working with patients on balance problems,
5878:
5219:
5209:
5189:
4718:
4361:
3153:. American Physical Therapy Association. 16 August 2011. Archived from
1975:
1040: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
886:
870:
800:
737:
468:
144:
62:
4263:
Hall AM, Ferreira PH, Maher CG, Latimer J, Ferreira ML (August 2010).
2207:"Health policy implications for patient education in physical therapy"
2133:
807:, industrial and these workplaces or other occupational environments,
111:
5204:
3958:
3639:"Physical Therapy Vacancy and Turnover Rates in Acute Care Hospitals"
3312:
American Board of Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education
1605:
1560:
1332:
1254:
To use the title 'Physiotherapist', a student must register with the
975:(WCPT). It was founded in 1951 and has operated under the brand name
1690:, neuromuscular techniques, muscle reeducation, hot/cold packs, and
1415:
education and certification requirements vary among jurisdictions.
5925:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
4749:
3571:. U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 17 December 2015
3545:. U.S. Dept. of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 17 December 2015
3340:
1736:
and coordination, strength and endurance as well as cognitive and
1654:
1312:
945:
882:
858:
848:
635:
is the term used for such professionals in the United States, and
5069:
Lai FH, Yan EW, Yu KK, Tsui WS, Chan DT, Yee BK (November 2020).
3264:. Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. 2022
2649:
The Cervical and Thoracic Spine: Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy
2171:"Curriculum Content Guidelines for Electrophysiologic Evaluation"
1823:
patients on a variety of levels. Patients have varying levels of
27:
Profession that helps a disabled person function in everyday life
3015:
2966:"College of Physiotherapists of Ontario | Physiotherapy Ontario"
2927:"Home - SCPT | Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapists"
2296:
1847:
by physical therapists is a safe option to improve outcomes for
1343:, whereas fellowships train specialists in a subspecialty (e.g.
906:
5739:
5451:
5134:
4916:
Lee, Alan C.; Davenport, Todd E.; Randall, Ken (October 2018).
3772:
3704:
3591:"Summary Report for 31-2021.00 – Physical Therapist Assistants"
3261:
4971:
Middleton A, Simpson KN, Bettger JP, Bowden MG (August 2020).
3410:"Physical Therapy Tech Career Info and Education Requirements"
2990:
2940:
2069:
1009:
5735:
3308:"Benefits of Attending a Physical Therapy Residency Programs"
3148:"2010–2011 Fact Sheet: Physical Therapist Education Programs"
2965:
2697:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
1538:
This specialty area includes electrotherapy/physical agents,
3990:
Physical agents in rehabilitation: from research to practice
2550:
Bialosky JE, Simon CB, Bishop MD, George SZ (October 2012).
1452:
vary among jurisdictions, as each state has enacted its own
5130:
3705:"Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education"
1753:
acute care – assessment and diagnosis of an initial injury;
3435:"Summary Report for 31-2022.00 – Physical Therapist Aides"
3061:
2815:
1262:(CSP), which provides insurance and professional support.
686:. PTs practice in many settings, both public and private.
5669:
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
4918:"Telehealth Physical Therapy in Musculoskeletal Practice"
3709:
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
2901:
2498:
School of Physiotherapy Centre for Physiotherapy Research
2456:"Fysioterapeut – nytt name på yet suk gymnast sedan 2014"
2037:
American Physical Therapy Association (17 January 2008).
1285:
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
897:
to treat people in 460 BC. After the development of
873:
is being given by an Army therapist to a soldier patient.
729:
and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be used.
5020:
Quinn L, Macpherson C, Long K, Shah H (September 2020).
4869:"Telerehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis"
3461:
Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy
3368:. American Physical Therapy Association. 10 January 2023
3036:
2926:
2651:. New Zealand: Spinal Publications Ltd. pp. 16–20.
971:
An international organization for the profession is the
4386:
Beattie PF, Pinto MB, Nelson MK, Nelson R (June 2002).
3388:"Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) Education Overview"
2299:. Association of Schools of Allied Health Professionals
2180:. American Physical Therapy Association. Archived from
2041:. American Physical Therapy Association. Archived from
1175:
Most physical rehabilitation therapists complete their
1147:
Newfoundland & Labrador College of Physiotherapists
4867:
Khan F, Amatya B, Kesselring J, Galea M (April 2015).
4473:
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
4469:"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Physical Therapy or Surgery?"
4095:
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
4054:
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
3104:
2816:"Home - Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulators"
697:
treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other
5915:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
3390:. American Physical Therapy Association. 3 March 2011
2880:
2788:"New brand and website for global physiotherapy body"
2085:"Occupational Outlook Handbook - Physical Therapists"
1986:
1814:
Physical therapist–patient collaborative relationship
948:. Treatment through the 1940s primarily consisted of
4922:
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
4585:
Bruurs ML, van der Giessen LJ, Moed H (April 2013).
2841:"Career Centre – Canadian Physiotherapy Association"
2319:"Allied Health (Paramedical) Services and Education"
6228:
6162:
6101:
6035:
6000:
5954:
5933:
5897:
5871:
5864:
5804:
5773:
5692:
5634:
5537:
5511:
5485:
5353:
5283:
5228:
5175:
5168:
4170:
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association
3123:"Scotland | The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy"
2693:"The history and present scope of physical therapy"
2471:"History of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy"
1461:curricula throughout the United States of America.
1406:
Other coursework as required by individual programs
94:
78:
45:
4048:Wallwork TL, Hides JA, Stanton WR (October 2007).
2624:. Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute. Archived from
1170:Ordre Professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec
1135:Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec
1120:College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia
2156:"Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Certification – RMSK"
1275:(DPT) degree, with some practicing PTs holding a
4433:International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
2941:"Home - College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba"
2032:
2030:
1567:, hip and joint replacement, balance disorders,
1144:Prince Edward Island College of Physiotherapists
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
5674:Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
5649:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
3337:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
2760:"Name change for global physical therapy body"
2408:"Medical gymnastics and the Cyriax collection"
1906:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
1487:American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties
1448:Definitions and licensing requirements in the
5920:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
5751:
5463:
5146:
3847:Inverarity L, Grossman K (28 November 2007).
3842:
3840:
3773:"Continuing professional development (CPD) |"
2734:"History: Abridged version of IFOMPT History"
901:in the eighteenth century, machines like the
585:
8:
5664:American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
5075:The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
4197:Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
4139:Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
3181:"Physical Therapist (PT) Education Overview"
1502:Cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation
5684:World Federation of Occupational Therapists
4873:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4783:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3883:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3429:
3427:
2672:McKenzie R (2002). "Patient Heal Thyself".
2556:Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
2065:"Physiotherapists given prescribing powers"
1678:Joint and spine mobilization/manipulation,
1659:Treatment by orthopedic physical therapists
1126:Saskatchewan College of Physical Therapists
6308:
6109:Augmentative and alternative communication
5868:
5758:
5744:
5736:
5470:
5456:
5448:
5172:
5153:
5139:
5131:
2252:"ORTIZ vs. EXAMWORKS, INC., 470 Mass. 784"
1639:Neurological physiotherapy is also called
1608:, chronic back pain, Alzheimer's disease,
642:The career has many specialties including
639:is the term used in many other countries.
592:
578:
120:
51:
5654:American Occupational Therapy Association
5094:
5045:
4996:
4892:
4843:
4802:
4707:Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research
4602:
4525:
4484:
4444:
4403:
4324:
4280:
4239:
4106:
4065:
3898:
3565:"Physical Therapist Assistants and Aides"
3514:
2708:
2575:
2431:
2226:"Physical Therapy | Oxford Academic"
1542:, physical agents, and wound management.
1540:electrophysiological evaluation (EMG/NCV)
1100:Learn how and when to remove this message
795:or offices, health and wellness clinics,
73:, joint range of motion balance and gait.
4779:"Telerehabilitation services for stroke"
3454:
3452:
2855:"Check if a physiotherapist is licensed"
2494:"History of the School of Physiotherapy"
2223:Initiatives in Rehabilitation Research,
973:World Confederation for Physical Therapy
6144:Disproportionality in special education
5679:World Confederation of Physical Therapy
3947:Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
3492:
3490:
2026:
1993:
1141:Nova Scotia College of Physiotherapists
1129:College of Physiotherapists of Manitoba
123:
3752:The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
2970:College of Physiotherapists of Ontario
2906:College of Physiotherapists of Alberta
2354:. National Academies Press (US). 1989.
1946:List of exercise prescription software
1132:College of Physiotherapists of Ontario
1123:College of Physiotherapists of Alberta
1117:Government of Yukon, Consumer Services
184:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
42:
5659:American Physical Therapy Association
4772:
4770:
4381:
4379:
4302:
4300:
4089:Henry SM, Westervelt KC (June 2005).
3236:American Physical Therapy Association
2500:. University of Otago. Archived from
1911:American Physical Therapy Association
1524:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1475:Health & Care Professions Council
942:American Physical Therapy Association
459:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
7:
2674:Worldwide Spine & Rehabilitation
2473:. Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
2469:Chartered Society of Physiotherapy.
1961:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
1038:adding citations to reliable sources
693:. Physical therapy is provided as a
378:Social Security Disability Insurance
6251:Disability in children's literature
5486:Physical rehabilitation disciplines
5479:Physical therapy and rehabilitation
2213:from the original on 24 March 2011.
1256:Health and Care Professions Council
107:
6114:Emotional or behavioral disability
1762:– progressive management for full
1469:The title of Physiotherapist is a
1260:Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
926:Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
422:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
3691:"Model Practice Act | FSBPT"
2396:, Slippery Rock University. 1991.
1610:Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)
1439:United States Department of Labor
1191:, all situated in and around the
839:World Health Professions Alliance
6307:
6298:
6297:
5434:
5433:
5238:High-intensity interval training
3992:. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
2008:
1996:
1916:Basic body-awareness methodology
1797:other disorders associated with
1014:
821:independent medical examinations
552:
551:
449:National Telecommuting Institute
46:Physical therapy / physiotherapy
4826:Lee AC, Harada N (March 2012).
2351:What Does "Allied Health" Mean?
1667:including rehabilitation after
1025:needs additional citations for
6129:Disability and LGBT identities
5122:Regulated professions database
4885:10.1002/14651858.CD010508.pub2
4795:10.1002/14651858.CD010255.pub3
3891:10.1002/14651858.cd004294.pub3
3232:"Discovering Physical Therapy"
2122:Journal of Clinical Ultrasound
1604:or disease. These can include
999:physical therapy practice acts
454:Society for Disability Studies
306:Unlicensed assistive personnel
30:For the jazz fusion band, see
1:
5941:Services for mental disorders
5725:Physical therapy practice act
5503:Speech and language pathology
4027:10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00011-6
3815:10.1080/10833196.2020.1792204
3569:Occupational Outlook Handbook
3543:Occupational Outlook Handbook
2568:10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.014
2336:"Allied Health Professionals"
1794:pelvic floor physical therapy
1692:electrical muscle stimulation
1454:physical therapy practice act
1357:associate of applied sciences
861:to increase motion following
6374:Sports occupations and roles
5946:Services for disabled people
4564:10.1016/j.spinee.2015.08.024
3855:. The New York Times Company
3412:. Education-Portal.com. 2012
3066:PEI College of Physiotherapy
2039:"APTA Background Sheet 2008"
1498:Cardiovascular and pulmonary
1471:protected professional title
383:Supplemental Security Income
145:Ableism / Disablism
6229:Arts, media, culture, sport
4527:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.012
4350:Journal of Clinical Nursing
4108:10.2519/jospt.2005.35.6.338
3922:Enoch S, Harding K (2003).
3849:"Types of Physical Therapy"
3748:"Routes into physiotherapy"
3723:"Getting on the Register |"
3473:10.5958/j.0973-5674.7.3.082
2406:Bakewell S (October 1997).
1645:neurological rehabilitation
1583:moderate quality evidence.
1002:independent professionals.
789:Neurological rehabilitation
398:Disabled students allowance
393:Disability Living Allowance
6390:
6256:Disability in horror films
6048:Activities of daily living
5529:Physical therapy education
5524:Master of Physical Therapy
5519:Doctor of Physical Therapy
5087:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.019
4604:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.12.017
2492:Knox B (29 January 2007).
1931:Doctor of Physical Therapy
1634:activities of daily living
1534:Clinical electrophysiology
1459:physical therapy education
1443:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1309:clinical electrophysiology
1277:Master of Physical Therapy
1273:Doctor of Physical Therapy
989:Physical therapy education
986:
257:Disability rights movement
36:Physical Therapy (journal)
29:
6339:Allied health professions
6293:
5700:Allied health professions
5636:Professional associations
5431:
4640:10.1016/j.ccc.2018.06.005
4164:Kramp ME (October 2012).
3437:. O-Net Online. 2016–2017
3205:Collor C (12 July 2012).
2710:10.1017/s0266462300007856
2424:10.1017/s0025727300063067
2371:World Health Organization
1504:respiratory practitioners
831:allied health professions
623:, physical intervention,
403:Disabled Persons Railcard
108:
50:
6149:Sexuality and disability
6124:Disability and disasters
6036:Structural and assistive
3803:Physical Therapy Reviews
2691:af Klinteberg M (1992).
2604:beckerexhibits.wustl.edu
2297:"What is Allied Health?"
1799:pelvic floor dysfunction
1370:Anatomy & physiology
1279:degree, and some with a
1228:Université de Sherbrooke
905:were developed to treat
416:the Severely Handicapped
372:Socioeconomic assistance
282:Sexuality and disability
6359:Rehabilitation medicine
6263:Disability in the media
6134:Disability and religion
6073:Personal Care Assistant
5715:Evidence-based practice
5538:Intervention techniques
5386:Neurobiological effects
4934:10.2519/jospt.2018.0613
4486:10.2519/jospt.2017.0503
4067:10.2519/jospt.2007.2418
3593:. O-Net Online. 2016–17
1520:coronary bypass surgery
1514:. Pulmonary disorders,
1508:coronary bypass surgery
797:rehabilitation hospital
536:Disability in the media
34:. For the journal, see
32:Physical Therapy (band)
6246:Disability in the arts
6139:Disability and poverty
6078:Physical accessibility
5693:Other related articles
5626:Therapeutic ultrasound
4479:(3): 162. March 2017.
3516:10.13075/mp.5893.00038
3211:Exercise Science Guide
2178:Educational Guidelines
1853:carpal tunnel syndrome
1787:
1665:musculoskeletal system
1660:
1220:Université de Montréal
1154:University of Manitoba
874:
526:Disability in the arts
344:Physical accessibility
65:, Examining patient's
5837:driver rehabilitation
4683:10.1378/chest.12-2930
4628:Critical Care Clinics
4015:Clinical Biomechanics
3539:"Physical Therapists"
3093:on 21 September 2017.
2525:"Mission and History"
2394:Health Care Systems I
1941:Exercise prescription
1658:
1602:neurological disorder
852:
691:health administration
617:healthcare profession
272:People-first language
250:Societal implications
6344:Hospital departments
6170:Models of disability
6154:Youth and disability
6119:Invisible disability
6068:Orthotics and braces
6053:Assistive technology
5865:Rights, law, support
5705:Assistive technology
5498:Occupational therapy
4845:10.2522/ptj.20110100
4591:Respiratory Medicine
4405:10.1093/ptj/82.6.557
4326:10.2522/ptj.20150240
4282:10.2522/ptj.20090245
2647:McKenzie RA (1998).
1966:Postural Restoration
1956:Occupational therapy
1426:Emotional exhaustion
1347:, hand therapy, and
1216:occupational therapy
1189:Cégep Marie-Victorin
1034:improve this article
715:physical examination
339:Orthotics and braces
324:Assistive technology
6364:Rehabilitation team
5822:Learning disability
5641:regulatory agencies
5606:Soft tissue therapy
5413:Outline of exercise
5381:Exercise physiology
5268:Suspension training
5258:Bodyweight exercise
5126:European Commission
5124:– Physiotherapist,
5038:10.1093/ptj/pzaa128
4989:10.1093/ptj/pzaa089
4514:The Journal of Pain
3988:Cameron MH (2003).
2793:World Physiotherapy
2765:World Physiotherapy
2504:on 24 December 2007
2232:on 23 February 2013
2187:on 4 September 2011
1981:World Physiotherapy
1936:Exercise physiology
1845:Spinal manipulation
1771:movement assessment
1626:Parkinson's disease
1565:Alzheimer's disease
1394:Behavioral sciences
1373:Exercise physiology
1181:Collège Montmorency
977:World Physiotherapy
835:World Physiotherapy
300:Personal assistance
207:Learning disability
6236:Disability culture
6163:Disability studies
6058:Independent living
5786:Disability studies
5601:Joint mobilization
5596:Joint manipulation
5565:Eccentric training
5376:Exercise equipment
5371:Exercise and music
5321:Muscle hypertrophy
5230:Anaerobic exercise
5200:Endurance training
4719:10.1111/jabr.12159
4362:10.1111/jocn.12676
3645:. 16 December 2010
3242:on 31 October 2007
2945:manitobaphysio.com
1951:Neurophysiotherapy
1882:telerehabilitation
1792:Women's health or
1738:sensory processing
1669:orthopedic surgery
1661:
1641:neurophysiotherapy
1622:multiple sclerosis
1528:pulmonary fibrosis
1391:Clinical pathology
1049:"Physical therapy"
875:
793:outpatient clinics
633:Physical therapist
625:disease prevention
414:Assured Income for
6354:Physical exercise
6321:
6320:
6190:Neuroqueer theory
6093:Web accessibility
6043:Accessible toilet
6031:
6030:
5884:Disability rights
5879:Ableism/disablism
5733:
5732:
5616:Strength training
5445:
5444:
5349:
5348:
5316:Interval training
5291:Athletic training
5263:Flywheel training
5248:Strength training
5081:(11): 1175–1184.
5032:(10): 1730–1736.
4558:(12): 1598–1630.
4552:The Spine Journal
3999:978-0-7216-9378-1
3619:. 25 October 2010
3160:on 23 August 2020
2861:. 26 January 2023
2768:. 28 January 2020
2732:Basson A (2010).
2658:978-0-9597746-7-2
2374:. 7 November 2022
2134:10.1002/jcu.22860
2073:. 20 August 2013.
1782:athletic trainers
1730:fine motor skills
1437:According to the
1349:division 1 sports
1281:Bachelor's degree
1200:bachelor's degree
1110:
1109:
1102:
1084:
621:patient education
611:), also known as
602:
601:
359:Web accessibility
319:Accessible toilet
202:Special education
140:Disability theory
133:Theory and models
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
6381:
6334:Physical therapy
6311:
6310:
6301:
6300:
6283:Special Olympics
6175:Inspiration porn
6088:Universal design
5889:Pejorative terms
5869:
5832:Physical therapy
5760:
5753:
5746:
5737:
5493:Physical therapy
5472:
5465:
5458:
5449:
5437:
5436:
5423:Physical fitness
5418:Physical culture
5393:Exercise mimetic
5331:Physical therapy
5301:Circuit training
5195:Distance running
5177:Aerobic exercise
5173:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5132:
5109:
5108:
5098:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5026:Physical Therapy
5017:
5011:
5010:
5000:
4983:(8): 1278–1288.
4977:Physical Therapy
4968:
4962:
4961:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4832:Physical Therapy
4823:
4817:
4816:
4806:
4774:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4606:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4488:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4448:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4392:Physical Therapy
4383:
4374:
4373:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4313:Physical Therapy
4304:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4269:Physical Therapy
4260:
4254:
4253:
4243:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4136:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3959:10.1002/cpp.2448
3942:
3936:
3935:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3518:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3456:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3343:on 23 April 2011
3339:. Archived from
3333:"ABPTS homepage"
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3262:"By The Numbers"
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3238:. Archived from
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3089:. Archived from
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2403:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2271:Physical Therapy
2262:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2228:. Archived from
2221:
2215:
2214:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2175:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2117:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2034:
2013:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1893:chronic diseases
1616:, brain injury,
1587:Wound management
1361:Associate degree
1224:Université Laval
1212:exercise science
1105:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1042:
1018:
1010:
959:Around the time
877:Physicians like
785:electromyography
684:electromyography
629:health promotion
605:Physical therapy
594:
587:
580:
555:
554:
495:Paralympic Games
490:Special Olympics
354:Universal design
277:Pejorative terms
121:
112:edit on Wikidata
104:
55:
43:
21:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6369:Sports medicine
6324:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6289:
6224:
6158:
6097:
6027:
6001:Activist groups
5996:
5950:
5929:
5893:
5860:
5800:
5769:
5764:
5734:
5729:
5720:Pain management
5688:
5638:
5630:
5582:(Thermotherapy)
5545:Aquatic therapy
5533:
5507:
5481:
5476:
5446:
5441:
5427:
5408:Fitness culture
5398:Exercise trends
5345:
5326:Outdoor fitness
5279:
5273:Weight training
5224:
5164:
5159:
5117:
5112:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5019:
5018:
5014:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4928:(10): 736–739.
4915:
4914:
4910:
4879:(4): CD010508.
4866:
4865:
4861:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4789:(1): CD010255.
4776:
4775:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4746:
4742:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4520:(11): 1087–94.
4507:
4506:
4502:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4275:(8): 1099–110.
4262:
4261:
4257:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3885:(2): CD004294.
3880:
3879:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3781:
3779:
3777:www.hcpc-uk.org
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3727:www.hcpc-uk.org
3721:
3720:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2740:on 13 July 2011
2731:
2730:
2726:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2628:on 18 July 2018
2616:
2615:
2611:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2412:Medical History
2405:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2277:(10): 1597–1609
2264:
2263:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1971:Sports medicine
1901:
1875:
1860:quality of life
1849:lower back pain
1841:
1825:health literacy
1816:
1807:
1790:
1764:return to sport
1746:
1721:
1686:), therapeutic
1653:
1598:
1589:
1548:
1536:
1512:cystic fibrosis
1500:
1483:
1481:Specialty areas
1467:
1435:
1421:
1268:
1248:
1177:college diploma
1161:college diploma
1106:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1043:
1041:
1031:
1019:
1008:
991:
985:
952:, massage, and
914:Per Henrik Ling
893:techniques and
847:
813:sports training
809:fitness centers
765:sports medicine
753:cardiopulmonary
745:musculoskeletal
727:electromyograms
717:to arrive at a
707:
664:sports medicine
652:cardiopulmonary
644:musculoskeletal
637:physiotherapist
598:
567:
541:
540:
521:
511:
510:
509:
484:
474:
473:
444:
443:
427:
426:
418:
415:
373:
365:
364:
363:
329:Assisted living
301:
293:
292:
291:
251:
243:
242:
241:
221:
213:
212:
211:
174:
166:
165:
164:
134:
115:
100:
74:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Physiotherapist
15:
12:
11:
5:
6387:
6385:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6349:Manual therapy
6346:
6341:
6336:
6326:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6305:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6265:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6243:
6241:Disability art
6238:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5572:
5570:Electrotherapy
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:Cross-training
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5116:
5115:External links
5113:
5111:
5110:
5061:
5012:
4963:
4908:
4859:
4818:
4766:
4740:
4696:
4677:(3): 825–847.
4661:
4634:(4): 557–571.
4618:
4577:
4541:
4500:
4460:
4419:
4375:
4356:(1–2): 19–33.
4340:
4296:
4255:
4214:
4187:
4156:
4122:
4081:
4060:(10): 608–12.
4040:
4005:
3998:
3980:
3953:(4): 504–514.
3937:
3914:
3866:
3836:
3809:(3): 159–174.
3789:
3764:
3739:
3714:
3696:
3682:
3671:. 29 June 2011
3656:
3630:
3604:
3582:
3556:
3530:
3503:Medycyna Pracy
3486:
3467:(3): 146–151.
3448:
3423:
3401:
3379:
3354:
3324:
3299:
3275:
3253:
3223:
3197:
3171:
3139:
3127:www.csp.org.uk
3114:
3096:
3087:"about_us.php"
3078:
3053:
3028:
3007:
2982:
2957:
2932:
2918:
2893:
2872:
2846:
2832:
2820:alliancept.org
2807:
2796:. 30 June 2020
2779:
2751:
2724:
2683:
2664:
2657:
2639:
2609:
2591:
2542:
2531:. Reed College
2523:Reed College.
2515:
2484:
2461:
2447:
2398:
2392:Wharton M. A.
2385:
2357:
2341:
2327:
2310:
2288:
2257:
2243:
2216:
2198:
2161:
2147:
2128:(7): 431–434.
2112:
2101:
2076:
2056:
2045:on 29 May 2008
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2005:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1926:Doctor (title)
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1874:
1871:
1840:
1837:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1789:
1788:Women's health
1786:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1760:rehabilitation
1757:
1754:
1745:
1742:
1740:/integration.
1720:
1717:
1704:electrotherapy
1652:
1649:
1618:cerebral palsy
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1547:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1499:
1496:
1482:
1479:
1466:
1465:United Kingdom
1463:
1434:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1337:women's health
1301:cardiovascular
1267:
1264:
1247:
1244:
1185:Dawson College
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1022:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1004:
987:Main article:
984:
981:
961:polio vaccines
891:manual therapy
846:
843:
777:women's health
734:manual therapy
706:
703:
676:women's health
600:
599:
597:
596:
589:
582:
574:
571:
570:
569:
568:
566:
565:
560:
548:
543:
542:
539:
538:
533:
531:Disability art
528:
522:
517:
516:
513:
512:
508:
507:
505:Invictus Games
502:
497:
492:
486:
485:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
442:
441:
438:
434:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
419:
412:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
388:Ticket to Work
385:
380:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
315:
314:
313:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
290:
289:
287:Women's health
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
240:
239:
234:
229:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
204:
199:
197:Special school
194:
188:
187:
186:
181:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
117:
116:
109:
106:
105:
98:
92:
91:
82:
76:
75:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6386:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6314:
6306:
6304:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:Social issues
6100:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5844:Special needs
5842:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5827:Mainstreaming
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:Medical model
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5756:
5754:
5749:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Iontophoresis
5589:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5575:Gait training
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5440:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5156:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5142:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5013:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4863:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4713:(1): e12159.
4712:
4708:
4700:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4597:(4): 483–94.
4596:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4439:(6): 647–62.
4438:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4398:(6): 557–65.
4397:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4319:(5): 609–22.
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4176:(10): 680–4.
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4101:(6): 338–45.
4100:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3900:11250/2444982
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3509:(4): 453–62.
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3017:
3011:
3008:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2472:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:(4): 487–95.
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:Effectiveness
1838:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:iontophoresis
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1646:
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1637:
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1631:
1627:
1623:
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1572:
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1562:
1558:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:heart attacks
1513:
1509:
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1495:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:United States
1446:
1444:
1440:
1433:United States
1432:
1430:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1397:Communication
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1376:Human biology
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:critical care
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1286:
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1274:
1266:United States
1265:
1263:
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1245:
1243:
1239:
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1229:
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1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:physiotherapy
1201:
1196:
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1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
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1165:
1162:
1157:
1155:
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1119:
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1101:
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1079:
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1061:
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1054:
1051: –
1050:
1046:
1045:Find sources:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1023:This section
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
990:
982:
980:
978:
974:
969:
967:
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957:
955:
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937:
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931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
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900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
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860:
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851:
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822:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:endocrinology
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:endocrinology
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:physiotherapy
610:
606:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
575:
573:
572:
564:
561:
559:
550:
549:
547:
546:
545:
544:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
520:
515:
514:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
440:Organizations
439:
436:
435:
431:
430:
423:
420:
417:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
369:
368:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
316:
311:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:Normalization
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
247:
246:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
217:
216:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
192:Special needs
190:
189:
185:
182:
180:
179:Mainstreaming
177:
176:
170:
169:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
150:Medical model
148:
146:
143:
141:
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130:
129:
126:
122:
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99:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
81:
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72:
68:
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60:
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41:
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6205:Anthropology
6195:Deaf studies
6185:Crip as verb
6063:Mobility aid
6023:Reach Canada
5831:
5796:Social model
5586:Hydrotherapy
5580:Heat therapy
5492:
5330:
5296:Calisthenics
5253:Bodybuilding
5078:
5074:
5064:
5029:
5025:
5015:
4980:
4976:
4966:
4925:
4921:
4911:
4876:
4872:
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4838:(3): 463–8.
4835:
4831:
4821:
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4782:
4757:. Retrieved
4754:www.apta.org
4753:
4750:"Telehealth"
4743:
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4631:
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4043:
4021:(4): 315–7.
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3852:
3806:
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3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3751:
3742:
3730:. Retrieved
3726:
3717:
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3673:. Retrieved
3669:www.apta.org
3668:
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3647:. Retrieved
3643:www.apta.org
3642:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3617:www.apta.org
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3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3568:
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3542:
3533:
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3464:
3460:
3439:. Retrieved
3414:. Retrieved
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3341:the original
3336:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3210:
3200:
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3185:www.apta.org
3184:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3155:the original
3142:
3130:. Retrieved
3126:
3117:
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3099:
3091:the original
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3041:nsphysio.com
3040:
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3010:
2998:. Retrieved
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2973:. Retrieved
2969:
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2875:
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2819:
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2798:. Retrieved
2791:
2782:
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2763:
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2738:the original
2727:
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2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:the original
2621:
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2603:
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2562:(5): 643–7.
2559:
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2533:. Retrieved
2528:
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2502:the original
2497:
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2464:
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2369:
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2301:. Retrieved
2291:
2281:18 September
2279:. Retrieved
2274:
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2246:
2236:12 September
2234:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2219:
2201:
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2182:the original
2177:
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2092:. Retrieved
2088:
2079:
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2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:the original
1921:Chiropractic
1886:
1876:
1867:preoperative
1864:
1857:
1842:
1833:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1791:
1778:
1747:
1722:
1682:(similar to
1680:dry needling
1677:
1662:
1651:Orthopaedics
1638:
1630:facial palsy
1599:
1590:
1581:
1573:
1569:incontinence
1557:osteoporosis
1549:
1537:
1501:
1484:
1468:
1447:
1436:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1388:Neuroscience
1382:Biomechanics
1365:
1353:
1325:orthopaedics
1293:
1289:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1240:
1236:
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1056:
1044:
1032:Please help
1027:verification
1024:
992:
979:since 2020.
970:
958:
938:
934:
930:Reed College
918:manipulation
911:
895:hydrotherapy
876:
853:Exercise to
828:
825:
817:
815:facilities.
742:
731:
708:
695:primary care
688:
641:
636:
632:
612:
608:
604:
603:
464:Visitability
408:Freedom Pass
334:Mobility aid
232:Occupational
226:
160:Other models
155:Social model
40:
6278:Paralympics
6273:Deaflympics
6083:Prosthetics
5774:Main topics
5555:Debridement
5550:Cryotherapy
5403:Fitness app
5366:Epigenetics
4748:Gardner K.
3394:28 February
3216:15 February
3190:15 February
3164:28 February
2680:(1): 16–20.
1887:During the
1696:cryotherapy
1684:acupuncture
1385:Kinesiology
1208:kinesiology
995:U.S. states
903:Gymnasticon
899:orthopedics
879:Hippocrates
867:dislocation
749:orthopedics
648:orthopedics
500:Deaflympics
349:Prosthetics
71:flexibility
6328:Categories
6268:Parasports
5805:Approaches
5781:Disability
5767:Disability
5710:Disability
5336:Stretching
3949:(Review).
3481:1464664057
2703:(1): 4–9.
2529:About Reed
2378:13 January
2022:References
1878:Telehealth
1873:Telehealth
1719:Pediatrics
1712:sonography
1708:modalities
1419:Employment
1341:wound care
1329:pediatrics
1317:geriatrics
1297:acute care
1060:newspapers
881:and later
781:wound care
773:pediatrics
769:geriatrics
723:sonography
680:wound care
672:pediatrics
668:geriatrics
558:Disability
482:Parasports
125:Disability
59:orthopedic
6215:Education
6210:Geography
5854:education
5817:Inclusion
5621:Traction
5560:Diathermy
5512:Education
5243:Sprinting
4942:0190-6011
4735:149936302
4727:1751-9861
4234:(2): 51.
4228:MedGenMed
3975:214601157
3853:About.com
3831:222003368
3823:1083-3196
3179:Clark M.
3105:"Accueil"
3062:"Welcome"
2800:4 January
2772:6 January
2744:9 January
2618:"History"
2094:30 August
2015:Education
1673:scoliosis
1596:Neurology
1576:care home
1553:arthritis
1546:Geriatric
1491:residency
1321:neurology
1305:pulmonary
1090:July 2018
983:Education
757:neurology
719:diagnosis
656:neurology
262:Inclusion
173:Education
6303:Category
6220:Journals
6200:Eugenics
6180:Bodymind
5987:Students
5934:Services
5439:Category
5306:Climbing
5215:Swimming
5185:Aerobics
5162:Exercise
5120:Europe:
5105:32873496
5056:32734298
5007:32372072
4958:52894733
4950:30270782
4903:25854331
4854:22135703
4813:32002991
4691:23722822
4656:52283563
4648:30223994
4613:23333065
4572:26707074
4536:26281946
4495:28245744
4455:23316428
4414:12036397
4370:25236376
4335:26427530
4291:20576715
4250:15266276
4209:18251317
4182:23055467
4151:25691329
4117:16001905
4076:17970407
4035:12034127
3967:32196842
3909:23450551
3782:11 April
3757:11 April
3732:11 April
3525:25643484
3477:ProQuest
3372:18 April
3347:7 August
3317:7 August
3292:7 August
3268:18 April
2859:yukon.ca
2622:About Us
2586:22197083
2303:10 March
2211:Archived
2142:32497252
2003:Medicine
1899:See also
1889:COVID-19
1805:Oncology
1688:exercise
1403:Research
1246:Scotland
1226:and the
1193:Montreal
954:traction
950:exercise
922:exercise
863:fracture
855:shoulder
805:hospices
705:Overview
227:Physical
80:ICD-9-CM
67:strength
5955:Support
5611:Splint
5361:History
5354:Related
5220:Walking
5210:Jogging
5190:Cycling
5096:7413846
5047:7454884
4998:7239185
4894:7211044
4804:6992923
4759:4 April
4446:3537457
4241:1395760
3675:4 April
3649:4 April
3623:4 April
3597:4 April
3575:4 April
3549:4 April
3441:4 April
2719:1601592
2577:3461123
2442:9536620
2433:1043941
2089:bls.gov
1989:Portals
1976:Therapy
1734:balance
1694:(e.g.,
1518:, post
1379:Physics
1313:faculty
1232:college
1074:scholar
887:massage
871:humerus
845:History
801:schools
738:healthy
711:history
699:medical
615:, is a
519:Culture
469:WeThe15
308: (
220:Therapy
102:D026761
63:amputee
5872:Rights
5849:school
5205:Hiking
5103:
5093:
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5005:
4995:
4956:
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4248:
4238:
4207:
4180:
4149:
4115:
4074:
4033:
3996:
3973:
3965:
3928:Wounds
3907:
3859:29 May
3829:
3821:
3523:
3479:
3416:23 May
3246:29 May
3132:25 May
3071:25 May
3046:25 May
3021:25 May
3000:25 May
2991:"Home"
2975:25 May
2950:25 May
2911:25 May
2902:"Home"
2886:25 May
2865:25 May
2825:25 May
2717:
2655:
2632:29 May
2584:
2574:
2535:29 May
2508:29 May
2477:29 May
2440:
2430:
2191:29 May
2140:
2049:29 May
1744:Sports
1706:) are
1606:stroke
1561:cancer
1526:, and
1400:Ethics
1339:, and
1333:sports
1303:&
1222:, the
1218:. The
1195:area.
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1047:
1006:Canada
920:, and
627:, and
556:
437:Groups
237:Speech
6313:Lists
6018:MINDS
5284:Other
5169:Types
4954:S2CID
4731:S2CID
4671:Chest
4652:S2CID
4135:(PDF)
3971:S2CID
3827:S2CID
3366:(PDF)
3287:(PDF)
3158:(PDF)
3151:(PDF)
2322:(PDF)
2185:(PDF)
2174:(PDF)
1726:gross
1214:, or
1187:, or
1081:JSTOR
1067:books
997:have
946:polio
883:Galen
859:elbow
563:Lists
110:[
5992:CNIB
5977:SSDI
5972:Rail
5967:ODSP
5905:AODA
5639:and
5341:Yoga
5101:PMID
5052:PMID
5003:PMID
4946:PMID
4938:ISSN
4899:PMID
4877:2015
4850:PMID
4809:PMID
4761:2017
4723:ISSN
4687:PMID
4644:PMID
4609:PMID
4568:PMID
4532:PMID
4491:PMID
4451:PMID
4410:PMID
4366:PMID
4331:PMID
4287:PMID
4246:PMID
4205:PMID
4178:PMID
4147:PMID
4113:PMID
4072:PMID
4031:PMID
3994:ISBN
3963:PMID
3934:(7).
3905:PMID
3861:2008
3819:ISSN
3784:2021
3759:2021
3734:2021
3677:2017
3651:2017
3625:2017
3599:2017
3577:2017
3551:2017
3521:PMID
3443:2017
3418:2012
3396:2012
3374:2023
3349:2016
3319:2016
3294:2016
3270:2023
3248:2008
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