652:
location between virus types when it has been identified. Also, the 3' end elements of viral RNA are significant and efficient for RNA replication of picornaviruses. The 3' end of picornavirus contains a poly(A) tract, which is required for infectivity. RNA synthesis, though, is hypothesized to occur in this region. The 3' end NCR of poliovirus is not necessary for negative-strand synthesis, but is important element for positive–strand synthesis. Additionally, the 5' end NCR that contains secondary structural elements is required for RNA replication and poliovirus translation initiation. Internal ribosome entry sites are RNA structures that allow cap-independent initiation of translation, and are able to initiate translation in the middle of a messenger RNA.
731:
addition of nucleotide bases by RdRp. Partial crystal structures for VPgs of foot and mouth disease virus and coxsackie virus B3 suggest that there may be two sites on the viral polymerase for the small VPgs of the picornaviruses. NMR solution structures of poliovirus VPg and VPgpU show that uridylylation stabilizes the structure of the VPg, which is otherwise quite flexible in solution. The second site may be used for uridylylation,v after which the VPgpU can initiate RNA synthesis. The VPg primers of caliciviruses, whose structures are only beginning to be revealed, are much larger than those of the picornaviruses. Mechanisms for uridylylation and priming may be quite different in all of these groups.
714:) covalently linked to 5' end of their genomes instead of 7-methylguanosine cap like cellular mRNAs. Virus RNA polymerases use VPg as primer. VPg as primer uses both positive- and negative-strand RNA synthesis. Picornavirus replication is initiated by the uridylylation of VPg. It is uridylylated at the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue. A VPg primer mechanism is used by the picornavirus (entero- aphtho-, and others), additional virus groups (poty-, como-, calici-, and others) and picornavirus-like (coronavirus, notavirus, etc.) supergroup of RNA viruses. The mechanism has been best studied for the enteroviruses (which include many human pathogens, such as
726:
VPg. A CRE, which is a RNA stem loop structure, serves as a template for the uridylylation of VPg, resulting in the synthesis of VPgpUpUOH. Mutations within the CRE-RNA structure prevent VPg uridylylation, and mutations within the VPg sequence can severely diminish RdRp catalytic activity. While the tyrosine hydroxyl of VPg can prime negative-strand RNA synthesis in a CRE- and VPgpUpUOH-independent manner, CRE-dependent VPgpUpUOH synthesis is absolutely required for positive-strand RNA synthesis. CRE-dependent VPg uridylylation lowers the K
544:
86:
638:
485:
44:
64:
661:
677:
ribosome entry site. The viral life cycle is very rapid, with the whole process of replication being completed on average within 8 hours. As little as 30 minutes after initial infection, though, cell protein synthesis declines to almost zero output – essentially the macromolecular synthesis of cell proteins is shut off. Over the next 1–2 hours, a loss of margination of
685:
occurs in the nucleus, before the viral proteins start to be synthesized and a vacuole appears in the cytoplasm close to the nucleus that gradually starts to spread as the time after infection reaches around 3 hours. After this time, the cell plasma membrane becomes permeable; at 4–6 hours, the virus
616:
at the 3' end. An untranslated region (UTR) is found at both ends of the picornavirus genome. The 5' UTR is usually longer, being around 500–1200 nucleotides (nt) in length, compared to that of the 3' UTR, which is around 30–650 nt. The 5' UTR is thought to be important in translation, and the 3' in
518:
Many picornaviruses have a deep cleft formed by around each of the 12 vertices of icosahedrons. The outer surface of the capsid is composed of regions of VP1, VP2, and VP3. Around each of the vertices is a canyon lined with the C termini of VP1 and VP3. The interior surface of the capsid is composed
759:
VPg may also play an important role in specific recognition of viral genome by movement proteins (MP), which are nonstructural proteins encoded by many, if not all, plant viruses to enable their movement from one infected cell to neighboring cells. MP and VPg interact to provide specificity for the
734:
VPg uridylylation may include the use of precursor proteins, allowing for the determination of a possible mechanism for the location of the diuridylylated, VPg-containing precursor at the 3' end of positive- or negative-strand RNA for production of full-length RNA. Determinants of VPg uridylylation
668:
The viral particle binds to cell surface receptors. Cell surface receptors are characterized for each serotype of picornaviruses. For example, poliovirus receptor is glycoprotein CD155, which is special receptor for human and some other primate species. For this reason, poliovirus could not be made
730:
of UTP required for viral RNA replication and CRE-dependent VPgpUpUOH synthesis, and is required for efficient negative-strand RNA synthesis, especially when UTP concentrations are limiting. The VPgpUpUOH primer is transferred to the 3’ end of the RNA template for elongation, which can continue by
725:
In this group, primer-dependent RNA synthesis uses a small 22– to 25-amino acid-long viral protein linked to the VPg to initiate polymerase activity, where the primer is covalently bound to the 5' end of the RNA template. The uridylylation occurs at a tyrosine residue at the third position of the
651:
Genomic RNAs of picornaviruses possess multiple RNA elements, and they are required for both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis. The cis-acting replication element (CRE) is required for replication. The stem-loop-structure that contains the CRE is independent of position, but changes with
623:
The 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D proteins are the capsid proteins VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1, respectively. Virus-coded proteases perform the cleavages, some of which are intramolecular. The polyprotein is first cut to yield P1, P2, and P3. P1 becomes myristylated at the N terminus before being cleaved to VP0,
676:
Once inside the cell, the RNA uncoats and the (+) strand RNA genome is replicated through a double-stranded RNA intermediate that is formed using viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Translation by host-cell ribosomes is not initiated by a 5' G cap as usual, but rather is initiated by an internal
739:
depending upon the VPg donor employed. Precursor proteins also have an effect on VPg-CRE specificity and stability. The upper RNA stem loop, to which VPg binds, has a significant impact on both retention, and recruitment, of VPg and Pol. The stem loop of CRE will partially unwind, allowing the
669:
in many laboratories until transgenic mice having a CD155 receptor on their cell surfaces were developed in the 1990s. These animals can be infected and used for studies of replication and pathogenesis. Binding causes a conformational change in the viral capsid proteins, and
740:
precursor components to bind and recruit VPg and Pol4. The CRE loop has a defined consensus sequence to which the initiation components bind, but no consensus sequence exists for the supporting stem, which suggests that only the structural stability of the CRE is important.
701:
Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting, viral initiation, and ribosomal skipping. The virus exits in host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Vertebrates serve as the natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral, contact, ingestion, and air-borne particles.
689:
Experimental data from single-step growth curve-like experiments have allowed observation of the replication of the picornaviruses in great detail. The whole of replication occurs within the host-cell cytoplasm and infection can even happen in cells that do not contain a
617:
negative-strand synthesis; however, the 5' end may also have a role to play in virulence of the virus. The rest of the genome encodes structural proteins at the 5' end and nonstructural proteins at the 3' end in a single polyprotein.
526:
Depending on the type and degree of dehydration, the viral particle is around 30–32 nm in diameter. The viral genome is around 2500 nm in length, so it is tightly packaged within the capsid along with substances such as
510:
known as VP (viral protein) 1, 2, 3 and 4. VP2 and VP4 polypeptides originate from one protomer known as VP0 that is cleaved to give the different capsid components. The icosahedral capsid is said to have a
1562:
1532:
2279:"Human Rhinovirus Type 14 Gain-of-Function Mutants for oriI Utilization Define Residues of 3C(D) and 3Dpol That Contribute to Assembly and Stability of the Picornavirus VPg Uridylylation Complex"
2029:"The crystal structure of coxsackievirus B3 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with its protein primer VPg confirms the existence of a second VPg binding site on Picornaviridae polymerases"
624:
VP3, and VP1, the proteins that will form procapsids; VP0 will later be cleaved to produce VP2 and VP4. Other cleavage products include 3B (VPg), 2C (an ATPase), and 3D (the RNA polymerase).
2713:
2466:
Thompson JR, Dasgupta I, Fuchs M, Iwanami T, Karasev AV, Petrzik K, Sanfaçon H, Tzanetakis I, van der Vlugt R, Wetzel T, Yoshikawa N, et al. (ICTV Report
Consortium) (April 2017).
594:. This primer is called VPg genome, and it ranges between 2 and 3 kb. VPg contain tyrosine residue at the 3' end. Tyrosine as a –OH source for covalently linked to 5' end of RNA.
755:
3Dpol is recruited to and retained in this complex by a physical interaction between the back-of-the-thumb subdomain of 3Dpol and a surface of one or both 3C subdomains of 3CD.
515:
of 3, this means that in the icosahedral structure each of the 60 triangles that make up the capsid are split into three little triangles with a subunit on the corner.
784:
grow better at 33 °C, as this is the lower temperature of the nose. Enteroviruses are stable under acidic conditions, thus they are able to survive exposure to
6634:
2706:
2328:"Sequence requirements for viral RNA replication and VPg uridylylation directed by the internal cis-acting replication element (CRE) of human rhinovirus type 14"
749:
Two 3CD (VPg complex) molecules bind to CRE with the 3C domains (VPg domain) contacting the upper stem and the 3D domains (VPg domain) contacting the lower stem.
6647:
1931:"Poliovirus cis-acting replication element-dependent VPg Uridylylation lowers the Km of the initiating nucleoside triphosphate for viral RNA replication"
1570:
1540:
686:
particles assemble, and can sometimes be seen in the cytoplasm. Around 8 hours, the cell is effectively dead, and lyses to release the viral particles.
559:
2699:
6608:
225:
1886:
Gu C, Zeng T, Li Y, Xu Z, Mo Z, Zheng C (October 2009). "Structure-function analysis of mutant RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complexes with VPg".
2624:
2526:
2456:
1637:
1610:
1462:
1405:
1711:
1748:
2645:
760:
transport of viral RNA from cell to cell. To fulfill energy requirements, MP also interacts with P10, which is a cellular ATPase.
620:
The polyprotein is organised as: L-1ABCD-2ABC-3ABCD with each letter representing a protein, but variations to this layout exist.
6660:
430:
in culture was also with poliovirus in 1949. This was the first time that infectious virus had been produced in cultured cells.
574:
than if contained within the viral particle, the RNA can have increased infectivity when transfected into cells. The genome
1338:"A highly divergent picornavirus infecting the Gut Epithelia of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in research institutions worldwide"
2377:"Interaction of Sesbania mosaic virus movement protein with VPg and P10: implication to specificity of genome recognition"
2228:"Picornavirus genome replication: roles of precursor proteins and rate-limiting steps in oriI-dependent VPg uridylylation"
503:
2554:
570:) in length. Like most positive-sense RNA genomes, the genetic material alone is infectious; although substantially less
85:
2581:
641:
488:
462:
435:
4499:
6243:
5748:
4822:
2175:
583:
6652:
1451:
Martinez-Salas E, Saiz M, Sobrino F (2008). "Foot-and-Mouth
Disease Virus". In Mettenleiter TC, Sobrino F (eds.).
543:
2722:
2575:
1727:
Daijogo S, Semler BL (2011). "Mechanistic intersections between picornavirus translation and RNA replication".
597:
The genome is not segmented and positive-sense (the same sense as mammalian mRNA, being read 5' to 3'). Unlike
587:
735:
efficiency suggest formation and/or collapse or release of the uridylylated product as the rate-limiting step
523:
demonstrates cleft structure referred to as canyons, using X-ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy.
2636:
1655:"Cowpea mosaic virus VPg: sequencing of radiochemically modified protein allows mapping of the gene on B RNA"
6688:
445:
were all discovered by studying poliovirus infected cells, and a poliovirus clone was the first infectious
6522:
1773:"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology - School of Medicine Columbia | University of South Carolina"
752:
The 3C dimer opens the RNA stem by forming a more stable interaction with single strands forming the stem.
645:
403:
2176:"Structures of the compact helical core domains of feline calicivirus and murine norovirus VPg proteins"
458:
5010:
2125:
Schein CH, Oezguen N, van der Heden van Noort GJ, Filippov DV, Paul A, Kumar E, Braun W (August 2010).
5484:
2440:
6665:
6582:
6061:
5583:
4778:
3057:
2726:
2621:
2388:
1799:
80:
5880:
5548:
5491:
5463:
5435:
5105:
4789:
4720:
3980:
3973:
3064:
3022:
3015:
2651:
1978:
Ferrer-Orta C, Arias A, Agudo R, Pérez-Luque R, Escarmís C, Domingo E, Verdaguer N (February 2006).
1478:
Lau SK, Woo PC, Lai KK, Huang Y, Yip CC, Shek CT, Lee P, Lam CS, Chan KH, Yuen KY (September 2011).
1336:
Altan E, Kubiski SV, Boros Á, Reuter G, Sadeghi M, Deng X, Creighton EK, Crim MJ, Delwart E (2019).
1156:
6560:
6075:
5929:
5708:
5456:
5449:
4269:
3467:
3085:
3071:
3029:
2942:
2570:
1177:
1149:
1044:
925:
6167:
6118:
6068:
6047:
5498:
3008:
1261:
1086:
1051:
1023:
1016:
974:
967:
897:
876:
862:
5887:
4960:
4953:
4026:
3661:
3647:
3239:
2532:
1911:
1367:
1254:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1198:
1184:
1135:
1107:
1037:
1030:
988:
946:
911:
813:
51:
1275:
1142:
981:
904:
827:
1170:
1163:
1079:
953:
869:
820:
806:
491:
structural proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 form the biological protomer and icosahedral capsid.
6569:
6183:
5142:
5017:
4996:
4889:
4545:
4203:
3845:
3408:
3001:
2928:
2522:
2497:
2452:
2416:
2357:
2308:
2277:
Shen M, Wang Q, Yang Y, Pathak HB, Arnold JJ, Castro C, Lemon SM, Cameron CE (November 2007).
2259:
2208:
2174:
Leen EN, Kwok KY, Birtley JR, Simpson PJ, Subba-Reddy CV, Chaudhry Y, et al. (May 2013).
2156:
2107:
2058:
2009:
1980:"The structure of a protein primer-polymerase complex in the initiation of genome replication"
1960:
1903:
1868:
1827:
1754:
1744:
1707:
1684:
1633:
1606:
1509:
1458:
1401:
1359:
1093:
768:
Picornaviruses cause a range of diseases. Enteroviruses of the picornavirus family infect the
427:
6639:
2027:
Gruez A, Selisko B, Roberts M, Bricogne G, Bussetta C, Jabafi I, et al. (October 2008).
5973:
5901:
5794:
5369:
5311:
5274:
5003:
4734:
4692:
4640:
4603:
4573:
4534:
4388:
4314:
4171:
3493:
3456:
3430:
3388:
3189:
3179:
2994:
2846:
2817:
2514:
2487:
2479:
2406:
2396:
2347:
2339:
2298:
2290:
2249:
2239:
2198:
2190:
2146:
2138:
2097:
2089:
2048:
2040:
1999:
1991:
1950:
1942:
1895:
1858:
1817:
1807:
1736:
1674:
1666:
1499:
1491:
1393:
1349:
366:
1847:"Protein is linked to the 5' end of poliovirus RNA by a phosphodiester linkage to tyrosine"
637:
279:. There are 158 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera. Notable examples are genera
6433:
6304:
6139:
6087:
6000:
5956:
5945:
5783:
5635:
5576:
5400:
5121:
5051:
4939:
4922:
4857:
4454:
4409:
4130:
3637:
3419:
3330:
3250:
3146:
2665:
2640:
2628:
1289:
719:
146:
2670:
2392:
1803:
484:
6476:
6454:
6422:
6387:
6293:
6258:
6194:
6037:
6026:
5989:
5831:
5715:
5605:
5534:
5524:
5285:
5077:
5040:
4946:
4741:
4325:
4298:
3945:
3934:
3838:
3803:
3796:
3782:
3775:
3724:
3696:
3626:
3615:
3580:
3364:
3167:
3036:
2973:
2907:
2885:
2807:
2678:
2518:
2492:
2467:
2448:
2411:
2376:
2303:
2278:
2254:
2227:
2203:
2151:
2127:"NMR solution structure of poliovirus uridylyated peptide linked to the genome (VPgpU)"
2126:
2102:
2077:
2053:
2028:
2004:
1979:
1955:
1930:
1740:
1670:
1504:
1479:
1397:
848:
673:
is released. The acid forms a pore in the cell membrane through which RNA is injected.
591:
439:
414:
348:
269:
198:
158:
2352:
2327:
2326:
Yang Y, Rijnbrand R, McKnight KL, Wimmer E, Paul A, Martin A, Lemon SM (August 2002).
1863:
1822:
1787:
1679:
1654:
722:), as well as for the aphthovirus, an animal pathogen causing foot-and-mouth disease.
384:, which designates a very small unit of measurement (equivalent to 10), combined with
6682:
6444:
6339:
6325:
6153:
6146:
6125:
5966:
5915:
5908:
5772:
5668:
5646:
5619:
5595:
5555:
5512:
5477:
5470:
5442:
5428:
5421:
5322:
5258:
5229:
5208:
5187:
5176:
5156:
5088:
4910:
4879:
4868:
4846:
4713:
4580:
4566:
4556:
4523:
4447:
4399:
4342:
4335:
4182:
4082:
3956:
3870:
3852:
3831:
3817:
3717:
3654:
3604:
3526:
3504:
3477:
3440:
3342:
3309:
3157:
3135:
2935:
2918:
2896:
2874:
2796:
2785:
2536:
2343:
1601:
Carter JB, Saunders VA (2007). "Picornaviruses (and other plus-strand RNA viruses)".
1426:
695:
670:
613:
442:
344:
122:
1915:
1371:
6574:
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6411:
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6315:
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5922:
5894:
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5842:
5678:
5612:
5541:
5389:
5359:
5348:
5295:
5251:
5241:
5222:
5198:
5149:
5061:
4974:
4932:
4771:
4703:
4681:
4661:
4651:
4461:
4377:
4288:
4259:
4247:
4237:
4225:
4215:
4193:
4151:
4141:
4114:
4093:
4071:
4047:
4037:
4015:
3912:
3863:
3824:
3810:
3789:
3558:
3536:
3514:
3381:
3283:
3271:
3228:
3217:
3124:
3113:
3078:
2984:
2836:
2691:
2142:
2093:
1128:
1114:
785:
698:(this antibiotic would inhibit viral replication if this occurred in the nucleus.)
691:
660:
520:
419:
355:
134:
1846:
682:
2401:
1627:
1480:"Complete genome analysis of three novel picornaviruses from diverse bat species"
6621:
6554:
6332:
6111:
6097:
6010:
5866:
5656:
5569:
5562:
5505:
5411:
5332:
5215:
5132:
5098:
5024:
4986:
4967:
4903:
4896:
4727:
4587:
4276:
4104:
4004:
3899:
3749:
3731:
3707:
3570:
3548:
3374:
3352:
3320:
3261:
3050:
2962:
2824:
2774:
2750:
1247:
1219:
1212:
1065:
995:
932:
918:
883:
841:
834:
552:
548:
507:
496:
431:
408:
311:
305:
299:
281:
236:
229:
2611:
1792:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
6204:
6160:
6054:
5815:
4624:
4614:
4366:
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3293:
3043:
2562:
1899:
1772:
1268:
1058:
1002:
960:
855:
781:
773:
715:
467:
454:
423:
293:
287:
244:
205:
72:
55:
17:
6545:
2078:"NMR structure of the viral peptide linked to the genome (VPg) of poliovirus"
1995:
792:
conditions), so rhinovirus infections are restricted to the nose and throat.
788:. In contrast, rhinoviruses are acid-labile (inactivated or destroyed by low
6595:
6400:
6271:
5805:
5761:
4835:
4512:
4484:
3923:
2763:
2735:
1205:
1191:
1121:
1100:
1072:
1009:
939:
890:
769:
678:
598:
567:
532:
457:, poliovirus was the first animal virus to have its structure determined by
450:
446:
391:
324:
275:
259:
252:
248:
201:
110:
2501:
2420:
2361:
2312:
2263:
2244:
2212:
2160:
2111:
2062:
2013:
1964:
1907:
1812:
1758:
1688:
1513:
1363:
772:
tract, which is reflected in their name. Rhinoviruses infect primarily the
744:
Assembly and organization of the picornavirus VPg ribonucleoprotein complex
605:
562:
as group IV viruses, as they contain a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
2683:
1788:"Poliovirus-specific primer-dependent RNA polymerase able to copy poly(A)"
1354:
1337:
506:
in a tightly packed icosahedral structure. Each protomer consists of four
43:
6539:
2483:
2294:
2194:
2076:
Schein CH, Oezguen N, Volk DE, Garimella R, Paul A, Braun W (July 2006).
2044:
1946:
1872:
1831:
1495:
571:
235:. The viruses in this family can cause a range of diseases including the
2622:
ICTV International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Master Species Lists
2226:
Pathak HB, Oh HS, Goodfellow IG, Arnold JJ, Cameron CE (November 2008).
1653:
Zabel P, Moerman M, Lomonossoff G, Shanks M, Beyreuther K (July 1984).
579:
332:
63:
6626:
777:
563:
528:
512:
499:
232:
213:
6613:
6516:
2679:
Virus
Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Picornaviridae
6600:
2634:
ICTV International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (official site)
1317:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021
2633:
659:
636:
542:
483:
378:
240:
221:
97:
2656:
2596:
601:
217:
209:
6520:
6384:
6255:
5745:
4819:
4496:
3896:
2747:
2695:
1605:. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 160–65.
1452:
1314:
2375:
Roy
Chowdhury S, Savithri HS (January 2011). Pfeffer S (ed.).
711:
609:
575:
531:
ions to balance the negative charges on the RNA caused by the
385:
6587:
789:
612:. However, like mammalian mRNA, the genome does have a
406:
virus (FMDV). It is the prototypic member of the genus
1446:
1444:
2662:
1567:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1537:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
6529:
6464:
6442:
6431:
6420:
6409:
6398:
6313:
6302:
6291:
6280:
6269:
6242:
6192:
6181:
6085:
6035:
6024:
5998:
5987:
5954:
5943:
5840:
5829:
5803:
5792:
5781:
5770:
5759:
5696:
5666:
5644:
5633:
5593:
5522:
5409:
5398:
5387:
5357:
5346:
5320:
5309:
5283:
5272:
5239:
5196:
5185:
5174:
5130:
5119:
5086:
5075:
5049:
5038:
4984:
4920:
4877:
4866:
4855:
4844:
4833:
4759:
4701:
4690:
4679:
4649:
4638:
4612:
4601:
4554:
4543:
4532:
4521:
4510:
4483:
4435:
4397:
4386:
4375:
4364:
4323:
4312:
4286:
4257:
4235:
4213:
4191:
4180:
4169:
4139:
4128:
4102:
4091:
4080:
4069:
4035:
4024:
4013:
4002:
3954:
3943:
3932:
3921:
3910:
3763:
3741:
3705:
3694:
3687:
3635:
3624:
3613:
3602:
3568:
3546:
3524:
3502:
3491:
3465:
3454:
3428:
3417:
3406:
3362:
3340:
3318:
3307:
3281:
3259:
3248:
3237:
3226:
3215:
3177:
3155:
3144:
3133:
3122:
3111:
2982:
2971:
2960:
2916:
2905:
2894:
2883:
2872:
2834:
2805:
2794:
2783:
2772:
2761:
2734:
2559:ICTVdB Management, Mailman School of Public Health
2555:"ICTVdB – The Universal Virus Database, version 4"
1533:"Picornaviridae - Picornaviridae - Picornavirales"
2509:Thompson JR (2020). "Secoviruses (Secoviridae)".
780:. Enteroviruses replicate at 37 °C, whereas
519:of VP4 and the N termini of VP1. J. Esposito and
402:The first animal virus discovered (1897) was the
2561:. New York: Columbia University. Archived from
1390:Molecular virology of human pathogenic viruses
2707:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
8:
1706:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1421:
1419:
1417:
1388:Ryu WS (2016). "Chapter 11 – Picornavirus".
566:. Their genome ranges between 6.7 and 10.1 (
1786:Flanegan JB, Baltimore D (September 1977).
1383:
1381:
226:positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses
6517:
6439:
6428:
6417:
6406:
6395:
6381:
6310:
6299:
6288:
6277:
6266:
6252:
6248:
6189:
6032:
5995:
5951:
5837:
5800:
5789:
5778:
5767:
5756:
5742:
5641:
5406:
5395:
5354:
5317:
5280:
5193:
5182:
5127:
5083:
5046:
4874:
4863:
4852:
4841:
4830:
4816:
4698:
4687:
4646:
4609:
4551:
4540:
4529:
4518:
4507:
4493:
4489:
4394:
4383:
4372:
4320:
4188:
4177:
4136:
4099:
4088:
4077:
4032:
4021:
4010:
3951:
3940:
3929:
3918:
3907:
3893:
3702:
3691:
3632:
3621:
3610:
3499:
3462:
3425:
3414:
3315:
3256:
3245:
3234:
3223:
3152:
3141:
3130:
3119:
2979:
2968:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2880:
2802:
2791:
2780:
2769:
2758:
2744:
2740:
2714:
2700:
2692:
2468:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Secoviridae"
1392:. Korea: Academic Press. pp. 153–64.
62:
42:
31:
2491:
2410:
2400:
2351:
2302:
2253:
2243:
2202:
2150:
2101:
2052:
2003:
1954:
1862:
1821:
1811:
1678:
1503:
1353:
608:, but a virally encoded protein known as
495:Picornaviruses are nonenveloped, with an
224:that represent a large family of small,
2652:Picornaviruses in NCBI Taxonomy browser
2441:"Porcine Enteroviral Encephalomyelitis"
1457:. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press.
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
560:Baltimore's viral classification system
1845:Ambros V, Baltimore D (August 1978).
1632:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1603:Virology: Principles and applications
710:Picornaviruses have a viral protein (
502:. The capsid is an arrangement of 60
390:to describe this group of very small
7:
1929:Steil BP, Barton DJ (October 2008).
1527:
1525:
1523:
694:(enucleated) and those treated with
547:Genome organization and proteins of
377:". Secondly, the name derives from
2648:– description, replication, disease
2232:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1851:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
323:The name "picornavirus" has a dual
2519:10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.21253-3
1741:10.1016/B978-0-12-385987-7.00001-4
1704:Fundamentals of Molecular Virology
1671:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02021.x
1398:10.1016/b978-0-12-800838-6.00011-4
25:
2511:Reference Module in Life Sciences
1454:Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology
558:Picornaviruses are classed under
327:. Firstly, the name derives from
2344:10.1128/JVI.76.15.7485-7494.2002
582:on the 5' end that is used as a
84:
2472:The Journal of General Virology
604:, picornaviruses do not have a
2439:Kahn CM, Line S, eds. (2005).
2143:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.021
2094:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.01.018
1569:. October 2017. Archived from
1315:"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release"
258:Picornaviruses constitute the
1:
2553:Büchen-Osmond C, ed. (2006).
1864:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30361-7
800:These genera are recognized:
471:, a genus of picornaviruses.
436:internal ribosome entry sites
185:
2582:National Library of Medicine
2402:10.1371/journal.pone.0015609
642:Foot-and-mouth disease virus
578:is unusual because it has a
463:RNA dependent RNA polymerase
2445:The Merck Veterinary Manual
1626:Knipe DM, Howley P (2013).
6705:
1729:Advances in Virus Research
422:assay was developed using
6394:
6380:
6265:
6251:
5755:
5741:
4829:
4815:
4506:
4492:
3906:
3892:
2757:
2743:
2599:. The Pirbright Institute
1900:10.1134/S0006297909100095
183:
178:
79:
70:
61:
50:
41:
34:
2576:Medical Subject Headings
1996:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600971
1888:Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
2639:3 February 2017 at the
664:Picornavirus life cycle
646:RNA structural elements
453:in animals. Along with
197:are a group of related
75:showing protein spikes
2245:10.1074/jbc.M806101200
1813:10.1073/pnas.74.9.3677
665:
648:
555:
492:
404:foot-and-mouth disease
71:Isosurface of a human
1355:10.1089/zeb.2018.1710
663:
640:
546:
487:
459:x-ray crystallography
432:Polyprotein synthesis
2727:virus classification
2627:5 March 2016 at the
2513:. pp. 692–702.
2484:10.1099/jgv.0.000779
2295:10.1128/JVI.00972-07
2195:10.1128/JVI.03151-12
2045:10.1128/JVI.00631-08
1947:10.1128/JVI.00427-08
1573:on 21 September 2017
1543:on 21 September 2017
1496:10.1128/JVI.02364-10
513:triangulation number
81:Virus classification
5709:Permutotetraviridae
3468:Orthopolintovirales
2943:Malacoherpesviridae
2393:2011PLoSO...615609R
2332:Journal of Virology
2183:Journal of Virology
2033:Journal of Virology
1935:Journal of Virology
1804:1977PNAS...74.3677F
1702:Acheson NH (2011).
1484:Journal of Virology
706:Viral protein (VPg)
521:Frederick A. Murphy
426:; the discovery of
4027:Malgrandaviricetes
3662:Sphaerolipoviridae
3648:Matshushitaviridae
3240:Nucleocytoviricota
2613:ICTV Online Report
666:
649:
556:
493:
465:was discovered in
228:with a 30 nm
52:Electronmicrograph
6676:
6675:
6523:Taxon identifiers
6514:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6238:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6184:Yunchangviricetes
6177:
6176:
6020:
6019:
5983:
5982:
5939:
5938:
5825:
5824:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5629:
5628:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5342:
5341:
5305:
5304:
5268:
5267:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5143:Carmotetraviridae
5115:
5114:
5071:
5070:
5034:
5033:
5018:Gammaflexiviridae
5011:Deltaflexiviridae
4997:Alphaflexiviridae
4890:Alphatetraviridae
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4634:
4633:
4597:
4596:
4546:Chrymotiviricetes
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4308:
4307:
4204:Bacilladnaviridae
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4124:
4123:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3846:Portogloboviridae
3759:
3758:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3487:
3486:
3450:
3449:
3409:Preplasmiviricota
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3303:
3302:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3002:Autographiviridae
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2929:Alloherpesviridae
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2565:on 10 March 2010.
2528:978-0-12-809633-8
2458:978-0-911910-50-6
1639:978-1-4698-3066-7
1612:978-0-470-02386-0
1464:978-1-904455-22-6
1407:978-0-12-800838-6
720:coxsackie viruses
428:viral replication
192:
191:
27:Family of viruses
16:(Redirected from
6696:
6669:
6668:
6656:
6655:
6643:
6642:
6630:
6629:
6617:
6616:
6604:
6603:
6591:
6590:
6578:
6577:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6518:
6440:
6429:
6418:
6407:
6396:
6388:dsDNA-RT viruses
6382:
6311:
6300:
6289:
6278:
6267:
6259:ssRNA-RT viruses
6253:
6249:
6190:
6033:
6001:Serpentovirales
5996:
5974:Orthomyxoviridae
5952:
5902:Peribunyaviridae
5838:
5801:
5795:Chunqiuviricetes
5790:
5779:
5768:
5757:
5749:(–)ssRNA viruses
5743:
5642:
5485:Nanghoshaviridae
5407:
5396:
5370:Botourmiaviridae
5355:
5318:
5312:Howeltoviricetes
5281:
5275:Amabiliviricetes
5194:
5183:
5128:
5084:
5047:
5004:Betaflexiviridae
4875:
4864:
4853:
4842:
4831:
4823:(+)ssRNA viruses
4817:
4735:Picobirnaviridae
4699:
4693:Duplopiviricetes
4688:
4647:
4641:Vidaverviricetes
4610:
4604:Resentoviricetes
4574:Megabirnaviridae
4552:
4541:
4535:Duplornaviricota
4530:
4519:
4508:
4494:
4490:
4395:
4389:Huolimaviricetes
4384:
4373:
4321:
4315:Repensiviricetes
4189:
4178:
4172:Cressdnaviricota
4137:
4100:
4089:
4078:
4033:
4022:
4011:
3952:
3941:
3930:
3919:
3908:
3894:
3703:
3692:
3633:
3622:
3611:
3500:
3494:Tectiliviricetes
3463:
3457:Polintoviricetes
3431:Priklausovirales
3426:
3415:
3389:Marseilleviridae
3316:
3257:
3246:
3235:
3224:
3190:Papillomaviridae
3180:Zurhausenvirales
3153:
3142:
3131:
3120:
2995:Ackermannviridae
2980:
2969:
2914:
2903:
2892:
2881:
2847:Tristromaviridae
2818:Lipothrixviridae
2803:
2792:
2781:
2770:
2759:
2745:
2741:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2693:
2674:: Picornaviridae
2608:
2606:
2604:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2571:"Picornaviridae"
2566:
2540:
2505:
2495:
2462:
2447:(9th ed.).
2425:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2289:(22): 12485–95.
2274:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2247:
2238:(45): 30677–88.
2223:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2180:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1984:The EMBO Journal
1975:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1659:The EMBO Journal
1650:
1644:
1643:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1598:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:"Picornaviridae"
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:. Archived from
1529:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1411:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1311:
343:nsensitivity to
89:
88:
66:
46:
32:
21:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6664:
6659:
6651:
6646:
6638:
6633:
6625:
6620:
6612:
6607:
6599:
6594:
6586:
6581:
6573:
6568:
6559:
6558:
6553:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6525:
6515:
6482:
6460:
6434:Revtraviricetes
6390:
6352:
6305:Revtraviricetes
6261:
6210:
6173:
6140:Paramyxoviridae
6088:Mononegavirales
6081:
6062:Crepuscuviridae
6016:
5979:
5957:Articulavirales
5946:Insthoviricetes
5935:
5821:
5784:Negarnaviricota
5751:
5721:
5684:
5662:
5636:Stelpaviricetes
5625:
5589:
5584:Polycipiviridae
5577:Dicistroviridae
5518:
5401:Pisoniviricetes
5375:
5338:
5301:
5264:
5235:
5162:
5122:Tolucaviricetes
5111:
5067:
5052:Amarillovirales
5030:
4980:
4940:Closteroviridae
4923:Martellivirales
4916:
4858:Kitrinoviricota
4825:
4795:
4779:Polymycoviridae
4747:
4667:
4630:
4593:
4502:
4467:
4455:Finnlakeviridae
4415:
4410:Pleolipoviridae
4348:
4304:
4282:
4253:
4231:
4209:
4157:
4131:Quintoviricetes
4120:
4053:
3986:
3902:
3876:
3755:
3737:
3667:
3638:Halopanivirales
3586:
3564:
3542:
3520:
3483:
3446:
3420:Maveriviricetes
3394:
3358:
3336:
3331:Phycodnaviridae
3299:
3277:
3251:Pokkesviricetes
3195:
3173:
3147:Papovaviricetes
3091:
3058:Rountreeviridae
2948:
2852:
2830:
2753:
2730:
2720:
2690:
2641:Wayback Machine
2629:Wayback Machine
2602:
2600:
2595:
2586:
2584:
2569:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2529:
2508:
2465:
2459:
2438:
2434:
2432:Further reading
2429:
2428:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2338:(15): 7485–94.
2325:
2324:
2320:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2189:(10): 5318–30.
2178:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2039:(19): 9577–90.
2026:
2025:
2021:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1941:(19): 9400–08.
1928:
1927:
1923:
1894:(10): 1132–41.
1885:
1884:
1880:
1857:(15): 5263–66.
1844:
1843:
1839:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1751:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1629:Fields Virology
1625:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1490:(17): 8819–28.
1477:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1408:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1298:
1286:
1281:
798:
766:
746:
729:
708:
658:
635:
630:
541:
482:
477:
400:
365:hinovirus, and
321:
148:Pisoniviricetes
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6702:
6700:
6692:
6691:
6689:Picornaviridae
6681:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6657:
6644:
6631:
6618:
6605:
6592:
6579:
6566:
6561:Picornaviridae
6551:
6535:
6533:
6531:Picornaviridae
6527:
6526:
6521:
6512:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6477:Caulimoviridae
6472:
6470:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6455:Hepadnaviridae
6450:
6448:
6437:
6426:
6423:Artverviricota
6415:
6404:
6392:
6391:
6385:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6321:
6319:
6308:
6297:
6294:Artverviricota
6286:
6275:
6263:
6262:
6256:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6200:
6198:
6195:Goujianvirales
6187:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6093:
6091:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6043:
6041:
6038:Jingchuvirales
6030:
6027:Monjiviricetes
6022:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6006:
6004:
5993:
5990:Milneviricetes
5985:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5962:
5960:
5949:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5881:Leishbuviridae
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5848:
5846:
5835:
5832:Ellioviricetes
5827:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5811:
5809:
5798:
5787:
5776:
5765:
5753:
5752:
5746:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5716:Sarthroviridae
5712:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5652:
5650:
5639:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5606:Alvernaviridae
5601:
5599:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5549:Solinviviridae
5545:
5538:
5535:Picornaviridae
5530:
5528:
5525:Picornavirales
5520:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5492:Nanhypoviridae
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5464:Medioniviridae
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5436:Cremegaviridae
5432:
5425:
5417:
5415:
5404:
5393:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5365:
5363:
5352:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5328:
5326:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5291:
5289:
5286:Wolframvirales
5278:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5204:
5202:
5191:
5180:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5138:
5136:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5106:Sinhaliviridae
5102:
5094:
5092:
5081:
5078:Magsaviricetes
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5057:
5055:
5044:
5041:Flasuviricetes
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4992:
4990:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4947:Endornaviridae
4943:
4936:
4928:
4926:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4883:
4872:
4861:
4850:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4790:Botybirnavirus
4782:
4775:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4742:Partitiviridae
4738:
4731:
4724:
4721:Curvulaviridae
4717:
4709:
4707:
4696:
4685:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4657:
4655:
4644:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4607:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4562:
4560:
4549:
4538:
4527:
4516:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4405:
4403:
4392:
4381:
4370:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4331:
4329:
4326:Geplafuvirales
4318:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4299:Redondoviridae
4294:
4292:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4241:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4197:
4186:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4147:
4145:
4134:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4108:
4097:
4086:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4030:
4019:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3981:Plectroviridae
3977:
3974:Paulinoviridae
3970:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3946:Faserviricetes
3938:
3935:Hofneiviricota
3927:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3839:Polydnaviridae
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3804:Globuloviridae
3800:
3797:Fuselloviridae
3793:
3786:
3783:Bicaudaviridae
3779:
3776:Ampullaviridae
3767:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3725:Hytrosaviridae
3721:
3713:
3711:
3700:
3697:Naldaviricetes
3689:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3641:
3630:
3627:Laserviricetes
3619:
3616:Dividoviricota
3608:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3581:Corticoviridae
3576:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3497:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3473:
3471:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3368:
3365:Pimascovirales
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3267:
3265:
3254:
3243:
3232:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3168:Polyomaviridae
3163:
3161:
3150:
3139:
3128:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3065:Salasmaviridae
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3037:Herelleviridae
3033:
3026:
3023:Drexlerviridae
3019:
3016:Demerecviridae
3012:
3005:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2977:
2974:Caudoviricetes
2966:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2908:Herviviricetes
2900:
2889:
2886:Heunggongvirae
2878:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2811:
2808:Ligamenvirales
2800:
2789:
2778:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2668:
2666:Animal viruses
2663:
2660:classification
2658:Picornaviridae
2654:
2649:
2646:Picornaviruses
2643:
2631:
2619:
2616:Picornaviridae
2609:
2597:"Picornavirus"
2593:
2567:
2549:
2547:
2546:External links
2544:
2542:
2541:
2527:
2506:
2478:(4): 529–531.
2463:
2457:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2367:
2318:
2269:
2218:
2166:
2137:(8): 1441–48.
2117:
2088:(7): 1676–84.
2068:
2019:
1970:
1921:
1878:
1837:
1798:(9): 3677–80.
1778:
1764:
1749:
1719:
1713:978-0470900598
1712:
1694:
1665:(7): 1629–34.
1645:
1638:
1618:
1611:
1584:
1554:
1519:
1470:
1463:
1440:
1413:
1406:
1377:
1348:(3): 291–299.
1328:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1290:Animal viruses
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1157:Pygoscepivirus
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
849:Avihepatovirus
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
802:
797:
794:
765:
762:
757:
756:
753:
750:
745:
742:
727:
707:
704:
657:
654:
634:
631:
629:
626:
592:RNA polymerase
540:
537:
481:
478:
476:
473:
415:Picornaviridae
399:
396:
331:- which is an
320:
317:
270:Picornavirales
264:Picornaviridae
195:Picornaviruses
190:
189:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:Picornaviridae
168:
164:
163:
160:Picornavirales
156:
152:
151:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
120:
116:
115:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
68:
67:
59:
58:
48:
47:
39:
38:
36:Picornaviridae
26:
24:
18:Picornaviruses
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6701:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6667:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6552:
6547:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6519:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6445:Blubervirales
6441:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6379:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6340:Pseudoviridae
6337:
6335:
6334:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6326:Belpaoviridae
6323:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6154:Rhabdoviridae
6151:
6149:
6148:
6147:Pneumoviridae
6144:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6126:Mymonaviridae
6123:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6077:
6076:Natareviridae
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
6002:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5967:Amnoonviridae
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5932:
5931:
5930:Wupedeviridae
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5916:Phenuiviridae
5913:
5911:
5910:
5909:Phasmaviridae
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:Orthornavirae
5769:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5740:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5669:Stellavirales
5665:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5647:Patatavirales
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5620:Solemoviridae
5617:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5596:Sobelivirales
5592:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5556:Caliciviridae
5553:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5513:Tobaniviridae
5510:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:Mononiviridae
5475:
5473:
5472:
5471:Mesoniviridae
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5457:Gresnaviridae
5454:
5452:
5451:
5450:Euroniviridae
5447:
5445:
5444:
5443:Coronaviridae
5440:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5429:Arteriviridae
5426:
5424:
5423:
5422:Abyssoviridae
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:Cryppavirales
5319:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5261:
5260:
5259:Steitzviridae
5256:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5230:Solspiviridae
5227:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5209:Atkinsviridae
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5188:Leviviricetes
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:Lenarviricota
5173:
5159:
5158:
5157:Tombusviridae
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5089:Nodamuvirales
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4911:Matonaviridae
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4880:Hepelivirales
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4869:Alsuviricetes
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4847:Orthornavirae
4843:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4814:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4714:Amalgaviridae
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:Quadriviridae
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4567:Chrysoviridae
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4557:Ghabrivirales
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:Orthornavirae
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4500:dsRNA viruses
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4448:Anelloviridae
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4400:Haloruvirales
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4345:
4344:
4343:Genomoviridae
4340:
4338:
4337:
4336:Geminiviridae
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:Metaxyviridae
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:Arfiviricetes
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4083:Cossaviricota
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3957:Tubulavirales
3953:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:ssDNA viruses
3895:
3891:
3873:
3872:
3871:Rhizidiovirus
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:Thaspiviridae
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:Plasmaviridae
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:Halspiviridae
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3718:Baculoviridae
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:Simuloviridae
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:Helvetiavirae
3601:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:Kalamavirales
3523:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:Belfryvirales
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3480:
3479:
3478:Adintoviridae
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3441:Lavidaviridae
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:Imitervirales
3339:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3310:Megaviricetes
3306:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3158:Sepolyvirales
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:Cossaviricota
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3088:
3087:
3086:Zobellviridae
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:Schitoviridae
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:Guelinviridae
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:Herpesviridae
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2919:Herpesvirales
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:Peploviricota
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:Duplodnaviria
2871:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2797:Tokiviricetes
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:Taleaviricota
2782:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:dsDNA viruses
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2598:
2594:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2387:(1): e15609.
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:(4): 880–88.
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:9780123859877
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1178:Rajidapivirus
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:Potamipivirus
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:Malagasivirus
1042:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
965:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
951:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
926:Diresapivirus
923:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
857:
853:
851:
850:
846:
844:
843:
839:
837:
836:
832:
830:
829:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
815:
811:
809:
808:
804:
803:
801:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
763:
761:
754:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
732:
723:
721:
717:
713:
705:
703:
699:
697:
696:actinomycin D
693:
687:
684:
680:
674:
672:
671:myristic acid
662:
655:
653:
647:
643:
639:
632:
627:
625:
621:
618:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
595:
593:
589:
588:transcription
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
553:aphthoviruses
550:
549:enteroviruses
545:
538:
536:
534:
530:
524:
522:
516:
514:
509:
505:
501:
498:
490:
486:
479:
474:
472:
470:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
397:
395:
393:
389:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
370:
364:
360:
358:
353:
352:oxsackievirus
351:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:poliomyelitis
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:which infect
203:
200:
196:
188:
187:
182:
177:
174:
173:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:Orthornavirae
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
74:
69:
65:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
6530:
6475:
6467:Ortervirales
6465:
6453:
6443:
6432:
6421:
6412:Pararnavirae
6410:
6399:
6347:Retroviridae
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6316:Ortervirales
6314:
6303:
6292:
6283:Pararnavirae
6281:
6270:
6203:
6193:
6182:
6168:Xinmoviridae
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6133:Nyamiviridae
6131:
6124:
6119:Lispiviridae
6117:
6110:
6105:Bornaviridae
6103:
6096:
6086:
6074:
6069:Myriaviridae
6067:
6060:
6053:
6048:Aliusviridae
6046:
6036:
6025:
6009:
5999:
5988:
5972:
5965:
5955:
5944:
5928:
5923:Tospoviridae
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5895:Nairoviridae
5893:
5886:
5879:
5874:Hantaviridae
5872:
5865:
5860:Arenaviridae
5858:
5853:Cruliviridae
5851:
5843:Bunyavirales
5841:
5830:
5814:
5804:
5793:
5782:
5771:
5760:
5714:
5707:
5703:
5679:Astroviridae
5677:
5667:
5655:
5645:
5634:
5618:
5613:Barnaviridae
5611:
5604:
5594:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5542:Marnaviridae
5540:
5533:
5523:
5511:
5504:
5499:Olifoviridae
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5410:
5399:
5390:Pisuviricota
5388:
5368:
5360:Ourlivirales
5358:
5349:Miaviricetes
5347:
5331:
5321:
5310:
5296:Narnaviridae
5294:
5284:
5273:
5257:
5252:Blumeviridae
5250:
5242:Timlovirales
5240:
5228:
5223:Fiersviridae
5221:
5214:
5207:
5199:Norzivirales
5197:
5186:
5175:
5155:
5150:Luteoviridae
5148:
5141:
5131:
5120:
5104:
5097:
5087:
5076:
5062:Flaviviridae
5060:
5050:
5039:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4985:
4975:Virgaviridae
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4933:Bromoviridae
4931:
4921:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4878:
4867:
4856:
4845:
4834:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4772:Birnaviridae
4770:
4766:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4704:Durnavirales
4702:
4691:
4682:Pisuviricota
4680:
4662:Cystoviridae
4660:
4652:Mindivirales
4650:
4639:
4623:
4613:
4602:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4555:
4544:
4533:
4522:
4511:
4462:Spiraviridae
4460:
4453:
4446:
4442:
4408:
4398:
4387:
4378:Saleviricota
4376:
4365:
4341:
4334:
4324:
4313:
4297:
4289:Recrevirales
4287:
4275:
4268:
4260:Mulpavirales
4258:
4248:Smacoviridae
4246:
4238:Cremevirales
4236:
4226:Circoviridae
4224:
4216:Cirlivirales
4214:
4202:
4194:Baphyvirales
4192:
4181:
4170:
4152:Parvoviridae
4150:
4142:Piccovirales
4140:
4129:
4115:Bidnaviridae
4113:
4103:
4094:Mouviricetes
4092:
4081:
4072:Shotokuvirae
4070:
4048:Microviridae
4046:
4038:Petitvirales
4036:
4025:
4016:Phixviricota
4014:
4003:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3955:
3944:
3933:
3922:
3913:Monodnaviria
3911:
3869:
3864:Dinodnavirus
3862:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3825:Ovaliviridae
3823:
3816:
3811:Guttaviridae
3809:
3802:
3795:
3790:Clavaviridae
3788:
3781:
3774:
3770:
3748:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3706:
3695:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3636:
3625:
3614:
3603:
3579:
3569:
3559:Adenoviridae
3557:
3547:
3537:Tectiviridae
3535:
3525:
3515:Turriviridae
3513:
3503:
3492:
3476:
3466:
3455:
3439:
3429:
3418:
3407:
3387:
3382:Iridoviridae
3380:
3373:
3363:
3351:
3341:
3329:
3319:
3308:
3292:
3284:Chitovirales
3282:
3272:Asfarviridae
3270:
3260:
3249:
3238:
3229:Bamfordvirae
3227:
3218:Varidnaviria
3216:
3188:
3178:
3166:
3156:
3145:
3134:
3125:Shotokuvirae
3123:
3114:Monodnaviria
3112:
3084:
3079:Siphoviridae
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3009:Chaseviridae
3007:
3000:
2993:
2985:Caudovirales
2983:
2972:
2961:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2917:
2906:
2895:
2884:
2873:
2845:
2837:Primavirales
2835:
2823:
2816:
2806:
2795:
2784:
2773:
2762:
2684:
2671:
2657:
2615:
2612:
2601:. Retrieved
2585:. Retrieved
2574:
2563:the original
2558:
2510:
2475:
2471:
2444:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2186:
2182:
2169:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2036:
2032:
2022:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1767:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1703:
1697:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1602:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1566:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1536:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1453:
1431:. Retrieved
1427:"Viral Zone"
1389:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1274:
1267:
1262:Tottorivirus
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1129:Passerivirus
1127:
1120:
1115:Parechovirus
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1087:Myrropivirus
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1052:Marsupivirus
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1024:Limnipivirus
1022:
1017:Kunsagivirus
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
975:Grusopivirus
973:
968:Gruhelivirus
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
898:Crahelivirus
896:
889:
882:
877:Caecilivirus
875:
868:
863:Boosepivirus
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
826:
819:
812:
805:
799:
786:gastric acid
782:rhinoviruses
767:
758:
736:
733:
724:
709:
700:
688:
675:
667:
650:
633:RNA elements
622:
619:
614:poly(A) tail
596:
557:
525:
517:
508:polypeptides
494:
466:
418:family. The
413:
407:
401:
386:
379:
372:
368:
362:
356:
349:
340:
336:
328:
322:
310:
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
273:, and realm
268:
263:
262:
257:
199:nonenveloped
194:
193:
184:
171:
170:
159:
147:
136:Pisuviricota
135:
123:
111:
104:
94:(unranked):
35:
29:
6622:iNaturalist
6555:Wikispecies
6333:Metaviridae
6112:Filoviridae
6098:Artoviridae
6011:Aspiviridae
5888:Mypoviridae
5867:Fimoviridae
5657:Potyviridae
5570:Secoviridae
5563:Iflaviridae
5506:Roniviridae
5412:Nidovirales
5333:Mitoviridae
5216:Duinviridae
5133:Tolivirales
5099:Nodaviridae
5025:Tymoviridae
4987:Tymovirales
4968:Togaviridae
4961:Mayoviridae
4954:Kitaviridae
4904:Hepeviridae
4897:Benyviridae
4728:Hypoviridae
4588:Totiviridae
4277:Nanoviridae
4105:Polivirales
4005:Sangervirae
3750:Nimaviridae
3732:Nudiviridae
3708:Lefavirales
3571:Vinavirales
3549:Rowavirales
3375:Ascoviridae
3353:Mimiviridae
3321:Algavirales
3262:Asfuvirales
3051:Podoviridae
2963:Uroviricota
2825:Rudiviridae
2775:Zilligvirae
2603:3 September
2587:3 September
1255:Torchivirus
1248:Teschovirus
1241:Symapivirus
1234:Sicinivirus
1227:Shanbavirus
1220:Senecavirus
1213:Sapelovirus
1199:Sakobuvirus
1185:Rohelivirus
1136:Pemapivirus
1108:Parabovirus
1066:Mischivirus
1038:Ludopivirus
1031:Livupivirus
996:Hepatovirus
989:Hemipivirus
947:Felipivirus
933:Enterovirus
919:Dicipivirus
912:Danipivirus
884:Cardiovirus
842:Aquamavirus
835:Aphthovirus
814:Ailurivirus
683:homogeneity
644:genome and
628:Replication
497:icosahedral
449:made of an
409:Aphthovirus
392:RNA viruses
359:rphan virus
339:oliovirus,
312:Hepatovirus
306:Cardiovirus
300:Aphthovirus
285:(including
282:Enterovirus
237:common cold
230:icosahedral
220:. They are
206:vertebrates
202:RNA viruses
6205:Yueviridae
6161:Sunviridae
6055:Chuviridae
5816:Qinviridae
5697:Unassigned
4760:Unassigned
4625:Reoviridae
4615:Reovirales
4436:Unassigned
4367:Trapavirae
3967:Inoviridae
3764:Unassigned
3742:Unassigned
3688:Unassigned
3294:Poxviridae
3044:Myoviridae
1577:5 February
1296:References
1276:Tropivirus
1269:Tremovirus
1143:Poecivirus
1059:Megrivirus
1003:Hunnivirus
982:Harkavirus
961:Gallivirus
905:Crohivirus
856:Avisivirus
828:Anativirus
716:poliovirus
468:Mengovirus
455:rhinovirus
424:poliovirus
294:Poliovirus
288:Rhinovirus
245:meningitis
208:including
73:rhinovirus
56:poliovirus
6401:Riboviria
6272:Riboviria
5806:Muvirales
5762:Riboviria
4836:Riboviria
4513:Riboviria
3924:Loebvirae
2764:Adnaviria
2723:Baltimore
2672:Viralzone
2537:241194454
1342:Zebrafish
1206:Salivirus
1192:Rosavirus
1171:Rafivirus
1164:Rabovirus
1122:Pasivirus
1101:Oscivirus
1080:Mupivirus
1073:Mosavirus
1010:Kobuvirus
954:Fipivirus
940:Erbovirus
891:Cosavirus
870:Bopivirus
821:Ampivirus
807:Aalivirus
737:in vitro
679:chromatin
656:Lifecycle
599:mammalian
568:kilobases
533:phosphate
504:protomers
480:Structure
451:RNA virus
447:DNA clone
325:etymology
319:Etymology
276:Riboviria
253:paralysis
249:hepatitis
119:Kingdom:
112:Riboviria
6683:Category
6540:Wikidata
5704:Families
4767:Families
4443:Families
3771:Families
2637:Archived
2625:Archived
2502:28452295
2421:21246040
2381:PLOS ONE
2362:12097561
2313:17855535
2283:J. Virol
2264:18779320
2213:23487472
2161:20441784
2131:Peptides
2112:16540201
2082:Peptides
2063:18632861
2014:16456546
1965:18653453
1916:24968119
1908:19916926
1759:21762819
1735:: 1–24.
1689:16453534
1514:21697464
1429:. ExPASy
1372:92999901
1364:30939077
1284:See also
1094:Orivirus
796:Taxonomy
776:and the
764:Diseases
572:virulent
535:groups.
475:Virology
440:uncapped
267:, order
186:See text
167:Family:
131:Phylum:
6546:Q936600
2493:5657025
2412:3016346
2389:Bibcode
2304:2169002
2255:2576561
2204:3648151
2152:2905501
2103:1629084
2054:2546979
2005:1383552
1956:2546976
1800:Bibcode
1547:12 June
1505:3165794
1433:15 June
770:enteric
692:nucleus
580:protein
412:in the
398:History
371:ucleic
333:acronym
329:picorna
222:viruses
214:mammals
179:Genera
155:Order:
143:Class:
6666:600084
6640:114264
6627:199587
6601:1PRNAF
4785:Genera
3859:Genera
2578:(MeSH)
2535:
2525:
2500:
2490:
2455:
2419:
2409:
2360:
2353:136355
2350:
2311:
2301:
2262:
2252:
2211:
2201:
2159:
2149:
2110:
2100:
2061:
2051:
2012:
2002:
1963:
1953:
1914:
1906:
1873:209034
1871:
1832:198796
1830:
1823:431685
1820:
1757:
1747:
1710:
1687:
1680:557569
1677:
1636:
1609:
1512:
1502:
1461:
1404:
1370:
1362:
1321:20 May
778:throat
606:5' cap
584:primer
564:genome
539:Genome
529:sodium
500:capsid
438:, and
420:plaque
309:, and
260:family
251:, and
233:capsid
216:, and
6661:WoRMS
6653:12058
6635:IRMNG
6575:625LB
6386:VII:
4498:III:
2533:S2CID
2449:Merck
2179:(PDF)
1912:S2CID
1368:S2CID
345:ether
335:for "
218:birds
105:Realm
98:Virus
6648:NCBI
6614:4517
6609:GBIF
6596:EPPO
6588:8043
6257:VI:
4821:IV:
3898:II:
2685:ICTV
2605:2007
2589:2007
2523:ISBN
2498:PMID
2453:ISBN
2417:PMID
2358:PMID
2309:PMID
2260:PMID
2209:PMID
2157:PMID
2108:PMID
2059:PMID
2010:PMID
1961:PMID
1904:PMID
1869:PMID
1828:PMID
1755:PMID
1745:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1685:PMID
1634:ISBN
1607:ISBN
1579:2019
1549:2020
1510:PMID
1459:ISBN
1435:2015
1402:ISBN
1360:PMID
1323:2021
774:nose
718:and
681:and
602:mRNA
586:for
551:and
489:FMDV
443:mRNA
380:pico
367:ribo
291:and
210:fish
6583:EoL
6570:CoL
5747:V:
4485:RNA
2749:I:
2736:DNA
2515:doi
2488:PMC
2480:doi
2407:PMC
2397:doi
2348:PMC
2340:doi
2299:PMC
2291:doi
2250:PMC
2240:doi
2236:283
2199:PMC
2191:doi
2147:PMC
2139:doi
2098:PMC
2090:doi
2049:PMC
2041:doi
2000:PMC
1992:doi
1951:PMC
1943:doi
1896:doi
1859:doi
1855:253
1818:PMC
1808:doi
1737:doi
1675:PMC
1667:doi
1500:PMC
1492:doi
1394:doi
1350:doi
712:VPg
610:VPg
590:by
576:RNA
387:rna
375:cid
297:),
243:,
54:of
6685::
6663::
6650::
6637::
6624::
6611::
6598::
6585::
6572::
6557::
6542::
6244:RT
5706::
4787::
4769::
4445::
3861::
3773::
2580:.
2573:.
2557:.
2531:.
2521:.
2496:.
2486:.
2476:98
2474:.
2470:.
2451:.
2443:.
2415:.
2405:.
2395:.
2383:.
2379:.
2356:.
2346:.
2336:76
2334:.
2330:.
2307:.
2297:.
2287:81
2285:.
2281:.
2258:.
2248:.
2234:.
2230:.
2207:.
2197:.
2187:87
2185:.
2181:.
2155:.
2145:.
2135:31
2133:.
2129:.
2106:.
2096:.
2086:27
2084:.
2080:.
2057:.
2047:.
2037:82
2035:.
2031:.
2008:.
1998:.
1988:25
1986:.
1982:.
1959:.
1949:.
1939:82
1937:.
1933:.
1910:.
1902:.
1892:74
1890:.
1867:.
1853:.
1849:.
1826:.
1816:.
1806:.
1796:74
1794:.
1790:.
1753:.
1743:.
1733:80
1731:.
1683:.
1673:.
1661:.
1657:.
1587:^
1565:.
1535:.
1522:^
1508:.
1498:.
1488:85
1486:.
1482:.
1443:^
1416:^
1400:.
1380:^
1366:.
1358:.
1346:16
1344:.
1340:.
1304:^
790:pH
728:m¬
461:.
434:,
394:.
361:,
354:,
347:,
315:.
303:,
255:.
247:,
239:,
212:,
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2729:)
2725:(
2715:e
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2591:.
2539:.
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2423:.
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2364:.
2342::
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2215:.
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2065:.
2043::
2016:.
1994::
1967:.
1945::
1918:.
1898::
1875:.
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1810::
1802::
1775:.
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1691:.
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1663:3
1642:.
1615:.
1581:.
1551:.
1516:.
1494::
1467:.
1437:.
1410:.
1396::
1374:.
1352::
1325:.
382:-
373:a
369:n
363:r
357:o
350:c
341:i
337:p
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
