423:, or the bronze base of the sculpture were the deepest, 4 to 8 mm (0.16 to 0.31 in) wide. The damage of the base, both to the sculpture and the pedestal, is such, that the sculpture stands on the inner, corroded iron skeleton and not on its bronze body. The reporters remarked that it looks like the "Victor stomped with his left foot, creating the crack". The Institute stated that the crack is there for a long time and that it is not affecting the stability or the static of the monument, despite the tilt. The crack was growing as the water was entering into it, getting frozen and expanding during the winters, causing further corrosion. The stone on the statue's round bas on top of the pedestal crumbled almost completely, while the steel parts rusted. They announced the full reconstruction and static overhaul for 2019, for which the special technologies are required. The bidding for the project was announced in October 2018. The bronze statue itself, which is damaged by the various ammunitions in time, will be removed from the column, repaired and returned to its place. The column and the pedestal will be repaired
243:. The fountain was to be built of stone in the form of an oval basin, with 8 m (26 ft) in diameter, resting on the backs of four lions. At the centre of the basin was to be a marble column surmounted by the 5 m (16 ft)-tall statue of the Victor. According to the city council resolutions of 4 October 1913 Meštrović was also to produce twenty masks for the rim of the basin and fifty masks for the column, all in bronze. The column was to have 5 segments, representing 5 centuries of Ottoman occupation. On 19 October 1913 the city contracted with Meštrović and he set to work on the fountain but, being an Austro-Hungarian subject, he had to leave Belgrade at the outbreak of the
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1927 to relocate the monument and place it "on the ridge of the
Belgrade Town, at the mouth of the Sava and the Danube". As Kumanudi had other duties in the state government, this decision was confirmed by his deputy Kosta Jovanović, and Kumanudi was neither aware or notified about it at the time. Kumanudi then informed Meštrović that the preparatory work on erecting the monument had been ceased contrary to his instructions. This decision of the city council coincided with the completion of the Sava Avenue and the Great Stairway in
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itself, which were finished in
September 2016: the new marble plates were placed, so as the decorative lights, while the problem of draining the atmospheric waters was solved, but the monument itself (both the pedestal and the sculpture) were not renovated. That same year the Belgrade University Civil Engineering Faculty concluded that the "tilting is a process which continues and shows no signs of slowing down or stopping".
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261:...a large basin (shell) the outer side of which would be decorated with a relief depicting warriors on galloping horses. Affixed along the rim of the shell would be lion’s heads (from the present-day jet fountain) spouting water into the shell. The column would be girdled with spaced hoops to which Turkish head masks would be affixed, and each would spout a jet of water into the basin below...
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inside. Kuzmanović cast a proper bronze section of the nose and closed it. It was also found that the steel connection between the handle and the blade of the sword completely corroded. The screw which also supported it was completely rotten and disappeared. It was a pure luck that the blade didn't fell down from the pedestal. Over 30 bullet and shrapnel holes were found on the statue. One
285:), which includes representative sculptures such as Srdja Zlopogledja, Miloš Obilić and Marko Kraljević. Conceived as a colossal athletic male nude set up on a tall column, the monument symbolically represents the iconic figure of victory. In iconographic terms, the personification of the triumph of a victorious nation can be traced back to classical antiquity and its mythic hero
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stopped. What have I to say? If they intend to set up the statue in
Terazije, let them set it up. If they have found a better place, let them set it up there. After all, it may as well stay where it has been for all this time – in a shed. As far as I am concerned, I’d like it best to have the opportunity to do the whole Fountain the way it was originally conceived.
359:, but also by certain women organizations and parts of the clergy. Division among public, elite and church soon gained political connotation. There were various, jokingly suggestions, like the proposition for the super-high pedestal so that its nudity won't be visible from the ground or that, since it is already nude, it may be placed in a swimming pool.
273:, actually in the school's gym. Due to the size of the statue, the school's roof was partially removed. Within a short time he completed the figure of the Victor and lion's heads. Having sent them to Bohemia for casting, he began to work on the large reliefs of lancers. Sketches for the large lion figures were also done.
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at the temperature of −75 °C (−103 °F). It was discovered that the nose was partially covered with bronze tin patch, presumably because of the faulty mold. The patch separated in time which allowed for the water to enter inside the sculpture which explains why everything rusted and decayed
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Especially vocal against it were the members of several female organizations. They considered the placing of a figure of a nude man in the center of the city is "rude" and that it will damage the moral of the girls. After much controversy, debate and criticism, the city council decided not to set up
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The simple design of the pedestal and its well-proportioned height made it possible to take in the monument as a whole rather than in detail, which resulted in the desired monumentality and the perception of the monument as a sign or a symbol. Over time the Victor has become one of the most salient
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and a new spiritual climate in the aftermath of the First World War, the concept of the Herald of
Victory (which was the original name of the statue) as the crowning motif of the fountain as a monument to freedom and liberation from the centuries-long Ottoman occupation lost its originally intended
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in
Belgrade atmosphere, the patina is mostly made of copper sulfate. However, it developed unevenly, so some parts of the sculpture are light green while some are black. It will be cleaned as much as possible (including dry ice) as patina is eating out the copper core. To slow down the process, the
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After transportation to
Smederevo, it turned out that the statue is even in the worse condition than previously estimated, including terrible statics and loosened sword and eagle. A construction made of stainless steel was added inside the sculpture, to properly connect it to the pedestal. Also, it
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On 28 August 2019 preparatory works on the repair began. The base construction will be fixed first, in order to prevent micro movements and to straighten up the monument. The slabs and plates will be removed so that new piles and beams could be placed below. On 10 October 2019 the statue itself was
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Measurements from 1989 showed that the "Victor" is partially standing on the embankment and partially on the medieval rampart, which is why it is tilting. The technical documentation for the pedestal is lost so the
Institute for the protection of the cultural monuments has done its own research. It
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in 1926, he pushed to project to finally get it done. Belgrade municipality officially purchased the monument. Also, by this time the city decided to scrap the fountain and the lion heads at the monument's base due to the money reasons. The Arts
Commission, formed by the city, decided in September
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Belgrade City
Council asked my consent to set up the “Victor” in Terazije temporarily. But aware that our “temporarily” tends to last too long, I have made an agreement with the Belgrade architect Bajalović for a more solid pedestal for the statue. The Council, so I’ve heard, set to work. And then
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On the history of and the debate over the erection of the Victor monument after the First World War see Duško Kečkemet, Život Ivana Meštrovića 1883.–1962.–2002 (Zagreb 2009), 437–443; Radina Vučetić-Mladenović, “Pobednik: polemike uoči postavljanja Meštrovićevog spomenika”, Godišnjak za društvenu
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Though monument's position and design may be interpreted in a way that he is "guarding" the city, and its present function as a major symbol of
Belgrade, art historians tend to believe that, due to the scandals following its construction, the monument is placed on present location, on such a high
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In 2015, when the broken plates were being removed and replaced at the foothill of the statue, it was discovered that the earth beneath is sagging. The measurements were conducted and an underground room, dug in the 1950s, was discovered beneath the plateau. That delayed the works on the plateau
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Then the First World War broke out. The Austrian ultimatum forced Meštrović to leave Belgrade and almost all finishing works had to be ceased. During the occupation by Austrian, German and Hungarian troops, all was destroyed except for the statue of the Victor and lion masks, which were away in
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In 1996, the Institute tried to improve the static of the monument and to stop further tilting, but eventually unsuccessfully. The foundations were strengthened and the piles were placed to prevent the tilting. Still, the monument hasn't been fully straightened and remained in partially tilted
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However, the beginning of preparation works for the monument's foundation in May 1927 caused a public controversy. The public challenged the erection of the monument on moral and artistic grounds. Instigated by the author and jurist Petar Odavić, the campaign against the monument began. Odavić
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wire, while the cables which connected the statue to the base from the inside completely, all four of them, rotted and disappeared. It was also established that the sculpture was lighter than previously thought: it was estimated to be 1.5 to 1.7 tons, but it turned out it has only 1 ton. The
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The project of erecting the fountain in Terazije was revived after the First World War, but the available funds could only cover the casting costs for the Victor and lion masks. The statue arrived in Belgrade in the late July 1923 and was stored in a storehouse for plumbing pipes in
465:. The inner construction of the statue and its connection to the pedestal will also be replaced as, at the time, they were made of iron which corroded in time. The top of the pedestal, on which the sculpture stands, will be completely replaced. Deadline is set for February 2020.
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quarry, which has been closed a long time ago. Also, the rock below the monument, which was partially used during the construction, can't be used as it protected as the natural monument today, as it originates from the period when the area of Belgrade was submerged under the
445:, where sculptor Zoran Kuzmanović will repair it. For the first time since it was posted in 1928, the statue was physically removed from its pedestal. When it was lowered to the ground, it was shown that the statue remained attached to the pedestal only by one screw and the
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bars were drilled into the ground. Each has a diameter of 40 mm (1.6 in) and an average length of 10 m (33 ft). Their purpose is not to straighten the column, only to make it more stable, so it will remain tilted. The column was cleaned from
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inspired proposals for erecting a monument in Belgrade to honour the final victory over the Ottomans. In August 1913 Belgrade city council made the decision to mark this momentous event by erecting a monument to Victory. Headed by the mayor
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showed that the core of the pedestal is made of concrete while from the outside it has been slab-sided with the stone. The monument was partially repaired in the 1989–1991 period. Within this project, in 1990 it was cleaned from the
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and the remaining tombstones were reused for various construction works around the city. The stone will be preserved and exhibited. Though this was the usual practice in the Balkans in general (the old, reused materials are called
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magazine, attacking the sculpture claiming it insults the moral of chaste Belgrade ladies, so as the memory on Serbian soldiers which it was to represent, by not having "symbols of the Serbian soldiers", like the
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558:, it belongs to the few public monuments erected between the two world wars in Belgrade which pursued contemporary stylistic trends. The Victor Monument was designated as a cultural heritage property in 1992.
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Meštrović's statue of the Victor was done in 1913, immediately after and as a continuation, in concept and style, of the cycle of sculptures intended for his large-scale project for a shrine commemorating the
232:, the council decided to rename the Terazije square and build the fountain with the monument in it. They also awarded the construction of the monument to Meštrović, without architectural competition.
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and the cracks in it, some up to 15 cm (5.9 in) deep, were filled. The sculpture had a total of almost 100 dents and in the end weighted a half of ton more than before the restoration.
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The statue was returned on the column on 14 February 2020. Works on the column itself and on the surrounding plateau continued until the complete reconstruction was finished on 5 March 2020.
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breakthrough. It was in commemoration of that event's 10th anniversary that on 7 October 1928 the freshly refurbished part of the Sava Avenue was inaugurated and the Victor unveiled.
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On 9 May 2018 on the occasion of Europe Day, the Victor was illuminated for the first time with the colours of EU – blue and yellow (stars) – thanks to the EU Delegation in Serbia.
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305:. Yet, in 1923 the city council and Meštrović reached an agreement that he should do the monument in Terazije, but the sculpture remained in the storehouse for the next 4 years.
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with a falcon in the left hand and a sword in the right (as symbols of peace and war), modelled by the sculptor Ivan Meštrović, set on a pedestal in the form of a
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footwear, and that it doesn't represent a Serbian hero but rather some ancient one. Still, the design was endorsed by numerous members of Serbian academia, like
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The history of the monument goes back to the period between 1913 and 1928, even though the initial idea was born in 1912, when Serbia's success in the
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sense and its name came to reflect its new dedication to the Salonika front breakthrough and the victory of the Serbian army in the First World War.
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Radina Vučetić-Mladenović, “Pobednik: polemike uoči postavljanja Meštrovićevog spomenika”, Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju VI: 2 (1999), 110–123.
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The statue was removed from the column in October 2019 for repairs. It was returned on the pedestal after the restoration on 14 February 2020.
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In September 2017, it was reported that there is a crack on the monument. The crack starts from beneath the Victor's left foot, goes over the
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Meštrović accepted the job and quickly presented his design. The original concept was that of a monumental fountain which was to be placed in
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461:, in 2018. The sculpture has never been repaired since the unveiling. In time it turned black, with only patches of preserved green copper
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Bohemia for casting. The exact appearance of the fountain is known from the photographs of Meštrović's original drawings taken in his
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Branko Bogdanović (16 September 2018). "Градоначелник коме је пресео "Победник"" [Mayor who got fed up with the "Pobednik"].
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In order to finish the work as quickly possible, Meštrović moved his studio to Belgrade. He worked in the semi-basement of the
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and a temporary workshop will be set at the plateau on which the monument is built, where the statue will be repaired, too.
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on a tall cubic base, designed by the architect Petar Bajalović. The statue looks forward across the confluence of the
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Branka Vasiljević (10 September 2019), "Ispitivanje temelja "Pobednika"" [Survey of "Pobednik"'s fondation],
168:. Cast in 1913, erected in 1928, and standing at 14 metres (46 ft) high, it is one of the most famous works of
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Background information about the fountain and its more detailed description were brought out by the newspaper
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was discovered that part of the tombstone was embedded into the base. Tombstone probably originated from the
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1043:[Pobednik on "rejuvenation", restorators say it will be repaired, not modified] (in Serbian). N1.
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of the terrain continued. Researches in 2007–2009 showed that it was tilted 0.8 mm (0.031 in).
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and down the Doric column. It is some 50 cm (20 in) long and quite visible. The cracks on the
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1014:[Sculptor in charge of restoration: Pobednik in worse shape than we thought] (in Serbian). N1.
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1058:[Mystery of the stone beneath Pobednik revealed - tombstone from Tašmajdan] (in Serbian). N1.
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Pobednik will be treated with special chemicals. The oxides were removed using the technique of the
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Danijela Vanušić, “Podizanje spomenika Pobedi na Terazijama” Nasledje IX (Belgrade 2008), 193–210.
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Danijela Vanušić, “Podizanje spomenika Pobedi na Terazijama” Nasledje IX (Belgrade 2008), 193–210.
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1116:[During the reconstruction, a glitch on Pobednik's nose was discovered] (in Serbian). N1.
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Gustav Krklec, “Sa g. Jovanom Dučićem u Zagrebu kod Ivana Meštrovića”, Politika, 14 July 1927.
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pedestal and turned away from the city in order "not to be seen better, but to be seen less".
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To prevent further tilting of the column and to make static of the foundation firmer, eight
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M. Popović, “Kako ce izgledati Meštrovićev Pobednik na Terazijama?”, Vreme, 12 May 1927.
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M. Radošević, “Meštrovićevi crteži terazijske fontane”, Politika, 14 December 1988.
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1041:"Pobednik na "podmlađivanju", restauratori kažu - biće popravljen, ne modifikovan"
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position, as the piles were pushed into the soft section of the rampart and the
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1056:"Otkrivena misterija kamena ispod Pobednika - nadgrobni spomenik sa Tašmajdana"
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1078:["Pobednik" again in the Belgrade Fortress after Saint Trifun's Day].
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the monument in Terazije, but to find a location outside the city. As soon as
995:[Sculpture of "Pobednik" under the attack of green patina and soot].
207:), it is probably the most powerful, most popular visual symbol of Belgrade.
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1012:"Vajar zadužen za restauraciju: Pobednik u gorem stanju nego što se mislilo"
489:, the 19th cemetery in Tašmajdan. The cemetery was relocated by 1927 to the
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498:), art historians are surprised that a tombstone was used as the pedestal.
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Duško Kečkemet, Život Ivana Meštrovića 1883.–1962.–2002 (Zagreb 2009).
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Kuzmanović also headed the repairs of another Fortress landmark, the
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729:[Preparations for the reconstruction of "Pobednik" began].
946:"Pobednik skinut sa postolja, građani mogli da ga vide do 15 sati"
522:
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1207:
580:
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188:
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1211:
1114:"Tokom restauracije otkrivena greška na "Pobednikovom" nosu"
1076:"Победник" од Светог Трифуна поново на Београдској тврђави
383:
as well as with the celebration of the anniversary of the
1164:["Pobednik" is now stronger than 92 years ago].
176:
in Belgrade and one of its most recognizable landmarks.
810:"OŠ "Kralj Petar Prvi" dočekuje 300. generaciju đaka"
725:
Branka Vasiljević, Branka Jakšić (22 October 2018).
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1141:Daliborka Mučibabić, Ana Vuković (9 January 2020).
846:["Victor" goes to Smederevo for recovery].
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993:Скулптуру "Победника" напали зелена патина и чађ
1145:["Pobednik" returns before Sretenje].
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1143:""Pobednik" se vraća na tvrđavu pre Sretenja"
808:Milenija Simić Miladinović (27 August 2017),
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1162:""Pobednik" je sada jači nego pre 92 godine"
1126:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1024:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
844:""Pobednik" odlazi na oporavak u Smederevo"
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1054:RTS, Večernje Novosti (18 October 2019).
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1973:Serbian military monuments and memorials
1183:["Pobednik" without scaffolds].
727:"Počinju pripreme za obnovu "Pobednika""
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16:Monumental sculpture in Belgrade, Serbia
1197:Službeni list grada Beograda, no. 26/92
1093:Branka Vasiljević (28 November 2019).
880:Branka Vasiljević (16 September 2017),
676:
647:Protected Monuments of Culture (Serbia)
579:Statue of the Victor at night with the
569:
450:sculpture was exhibited for a while at
1160:Branka Vasiljević (14 February 2020).
1119:
1074:Branka Vasiljević (30 January 2020).
1017:
991:Branka Vasiljević (18 October 2019).
967:Branka Vasiljević (11 October 2019).
297:studio by the sculptor Veselko Zorić.
1699:Yugoslav Ministry of Defence Building
685:"City of Belgrade – Famous Monuments"
172:. It is also one of the most visited
7:
1953:Buildings and structures in Belgrade
1684:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
1659:Ministry of Foreign Affairs Building
1426:Buildings and structures in Belgrade
1039:Mladen Savatović (17 October 2019).
971:["Pobednik" at the repair].
554:symbols of Belgrade. Along with the
179:It is a standing bronze male figure
1179:Branka Vasiljević (6 March 2020).
599:View of Statue from close distance.
518:was discovered in one of its legs.
1168:(in Serbian). pp. 1 & 15.
14:
1958:Monuments and memorials in Serbia
1097:[Pobednik's nose fixed].
975:(in Serbian). p. 1 & 14.
501:Due to the high concentration of
203:mountain (until 1918 a domain of
1421:
1420:
1394:
888:(in Serbian), p. 1 & 15
616:
604:
592:
572:
1277:Monument of Gratitude to France
1112:N1 Beograd (27 November 2019).
556:Monument of Gratitude to France
459:Monument of Gratitude to France
239:or what then was the Square of
1963:Protected Monuments of Culture
1834:Historical Archive of Belgrade
1745:Metropol Palace Hotel Belgrade
1639:House of the National Assembly
1010:N1 Beograd (17 October 2019).
908:istoriju VI:2 (1999), 110–123.
842:Ana Vuković (28 August 2019).
267:Elementary School King Petar I
130:
1:
1983:Tourist attractions in Serbia
1788:Residence of Princess Ljubica
882:""Pobedniku" puca pod nogama"
779:(in Serbian). pp. 28–29.
611:Statue of Victor during night
1978:Sculptures by Ivan Meštrović
1649:Monument to the Unknown Hero
1324:Monument to the Unknown Hero
362:Meštrović also had his say:
314:published an article in the
1262:The Bowman and The Spearman
441:removed and transported to
199:, towards the very distant
140:'The Victor') is a
1999:
1664:Old General Staff Building
1520:Ranko Žeravica Sports Hall
1897:
1793:Residence of Prince Miloš
1566:Clinical Centre of Serbia
1411:
1187:(in Serbian). p. 14.
1149:(in Serbian). p. 14.
1101:(in Serbian). p. 14.
1095:"Победнику" поправљен нос
1082:(in Serbian). p. 14.
999:(in Serbian). p. 14.
850:(in Serbian). p. 16.
733:(in Serbian). p. 14.
144:in the Upper Town of the
114:
28:
1907:Educational institutions
1576:Military Medical Academy
1416:Architecture of Belgrade
1180:
1094:
1075:
992:
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948:. Danas. 10 October 2019
934:(in Serbian), p. 14
545:After the creation of a
436:2019-2020 reconstruction
1644:Main Post Office Palace
1559:Healthcare institutions
1540:Tašmajdan Sports Centre
1495:Aleksandar Nikolić Hall
587:seen in the background.
205:Austro-Hungarian empire
148:, built to commemorate
73:44.823028°N 20.447694°E
1917:Religious architecture
1761:Dedinje Royal Compound
1725:Aleksandar Palas Hotel
1720:Hyatt Regency Belgrade
1654:National Bank Building
1353:Ivan Meštrović Gallery
1330:Ivan Meštrović Gallery
969:"Победник" на поправци
477:. Instead, stone from
341:Branislav Petronijević
241:Crown Prince Alexander
92:14 metres (46 ft)
1968:Serbia in World War I
1889:Airport City Belgrade
1859:Belgrade City Library
1829:Knez Mihailova Street
1819:Belgrade New Cemetery
1730:Crowne Plaza Belgrade
1442:Airport City Belgrade
1284:St. Jerome the Priest
491:Belgrade New Cemetery
1803:Captain Miša Mansion
1694:Vuk Foundation House
1619:Belgrade Cooperative
1585:Historical landmarks
1535:King Peter I Stadium
1488:Entertainment venues
1181:"Победник" без скела
743:CHPBI Documentation.
345:Ksenija Atanasijević
195:, and over the vast
152:'s victory over the
78:44.823028; 20.447694
1922:Streets and squares
1877:Belgrade Waterfront
1839:Nikola Pašić Square
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1754:Palaces and castles
1634:Government Building
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1336:Mausoleum of Njegoš
667:CHPIB Documentation
174:tourist attractions
160:empires during the
69: /
1869:Under construction
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1318:Meštrović Pavilion
777:-Magazin, No. 1094
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689:. Retrieved
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487:Old Cemetery
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185:Doric column
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64:20°26′51.7″E
61:44°49′22.9″N
18:
1948:Balkan Wars
1629:Genex Tower
1592:Avala Tower
1467:Ušće Towers
1452:Beograđanka
691:23 December
623:Statue and
479:Fruška Gora
325:hat or the
245:World War I
201:Fruška Gora
181:in the nude
162:Balkan Wars
76: /
52:Coordinates
1942:Categories
1778:Stari Dvor
1689:Stari Dvor
1515:Pinki Hall
1246:Sculptures
952:11 October
672:References
585:Ursa Minor
537:Assessment
516:cannonball
406:subsidence
400:and dirt.
1927:Transport
1783:Novi Dvor
1766:Beli Dvor
1624:Beli Dvor
1457:Sava City
1311:Buildings
1122:cite news
1020:cite news
547:new state
470:Tašmajdan
443:Smederevo
97:Dedicated
1854:Topčider
1674:Pobednik
1447:Belville
1435:Business
1405:Belgrade
1399:Notable
1270:Pobednik
1185:Politika
1166:Politika
1147:Politika
1099:Politika
1080:Politika
997:Politika
973:Politika
932:Politika
886:Politika
848:Politika
815:Politika
775:Politika
731:Politika
636:See also
398:graffiti
287:Hercules
237:Terazije
191:and the
164:and the
142:monument
131:Победник
122:Pobednik
105:Sculptor
46:Belgrade
38:Location
24:Pobednik
1912:Museums
1902:Culture
1478:West 65
1346:Museums
653:Sources
562:Gallery
508:dry ice
496:spolije
426:in situ
417:capital
322:šajkača
309:Scandal
269:by the
214:History
154:Ottoman
138:
1708:Hotels
1338:(1980)
1332:(1952)
1326:(1938)
1320:(1934)
1303:(1977)
1295:(1960)
1287:(1954)
1279:(1930)
1273:(1928)
1265:(1928)
1257:(1905)
463:patina
421:plinth
328:opanak
303:Senjak
295:Zagreb
219:Origin
193:Danube
150:Serbia
89:Height
1812:Other
1480:Tower
523:rebar
316:Vreme
257:Vreme
1128:link
1026:link
954:2019
693:2013
625:Ušće
583:and
581:Moon
528:soot
189:Sava
156:and
136:lit.
1403:in
355:or
1944::
1124:}}
1120:{{
1064:^
1022:}}
1018:{{
981:^
922:^
884:,
856:^
824:^
812:,
748:^
701:^
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
289:.
259::
247:.
133:,
129::
44:,
1387:e
1380:t
1373:v
1231:e
1224:t
1217:v
1130:)
1028:)
956:.
695:.
281:(
125:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
