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Regardless of the official role of the title, PaveliÄ had unlimited authority to pass decrees and appoint government ministers throughout the existence of NDH. Since the state ceased to exist in 1945, the title was never claimed by any successor. It continued to be used informally as a nickname for
330:
movement in the organization's founding charter in 1930, while he was in exile in Italy. The organization (whose name at the time meant simply "rebels" in
Croatian but which also lost its original meaning in modern usage), was organized as a movement which sought to create an independent
614:
Hrvoje
MatkoviÄ, Designirani hrvatski kralj Tomislav II. vojvoda od Spoleta. Povijest hrvatskotalijanskih odnosa u prvoj polovici XX.st. (Designated Croatian king Tomislav II. Duke of Spoleto. History of Croatian-Italian relationships in first half of the 20th century), Zagreb
378:
Legally, the exact role of the person carrying the title and its function were never officially stipulated in the constitution or in any other piece of legislation passed during NDH's existence. From May 1941 to
October 1943 NDH attempted to be a kingdom and Ante PaveliÄ
358:
NDH), the title continued to be used for PaveliÄ, and its meaning was taken to have evolved into "the supreme leader". The title is therefore usually compared and considered equivalent to other titles of ethno-political leadership used at the time such as
302:
Because it was used by the fascist regime, the title (which had originally meant "head" or "chief" but was rarely used before the 1930s) is never used today in its original sense as it became synonymous with PaveliÄ and took on negative connotations after
676:, in which he told them that the question of Dalmatia, 'a land that could never be Italianized', was an obstacle against any reconciliation with the Croats. Never, he declared, would he agree to be a king of a nation amputated from Italy.
401:
region, and is therefore referred to in sources as king designate. However, other sources refer to him as King
Tomislav II and the nominal head of the NDH during its first two years (1941ā1943). After the dismissal of
748:
421:
was officially appointed Prime
Minister of NDH. Thus, from September 1943 until the state's dissolution on 8 May 1945, the title can be taken to mean Head of State.
73:
285:, which can be loosely translated as 'first and foremost' or 'respectable, noble, honorable'. The adjective is in turn a compound of the Croatian prefix
758:
149:
753:
54:
659:
695:
654:
Rodogno, Davide; Fascism's
European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War; p.95; Cambridge University Press, 2006
326:
Ante PaveliÄ first began using the title of "Poglavnik" when it was prescribed as the official title for the supreme leader of the
277:
793:
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535:
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PaveliÄ during his post-war exile until his death in Madrid in 1959, and has become synonymous with him ever since.
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763:
229:
393:) as a head of state, though he never ruled there. Later, he refused to assume the kingship in protest of the
489:
783:
394:
191:
80:
536:"1941 Resolutions of El-Hidaje in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Case of Traditional Conflict Transformation"
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347:
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340:
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35:
407:
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708:
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311:
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Devoid of political experience and ignorant of the
Italian government's exact intentions, he
375:). As a result, "Poglavnik" is sometimes translated as "FĆ¼hrer" in English-language sources.
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in
September 1943, PaveliÄ took on the role equivalent to head of state, while
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Hrvatski Narod (newspaper)16.05.1941. no. 93. p.1.,Public proclamation of the
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403:
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The duke agreed to accept the throne and became King
Tomislav II of Croatia
583:
Die Krone
Zvonimirs, Monatshefte fur Auswartige Politik, Heft 6(1941)p.434.
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318:) and "poglavica" (translated as "chief", in the sense of tribal leader).
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on 25 July 1943, Aimone abdicated on 31 July as king on the orders of
248:
The word was first recorded in a 16th-century dictionary compiled by
574:(Decrees on the crown of Zvonimir), tri Älanka donesena 15.05.1941.
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are "poglavar" (translated as "head of state" or "chief", used for
464:
257:
148:
449:
372:
710:
Europe and war in the Balkans: toward a new Yugoslav identity
310:
Other etymologically closely related words used in modern
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Hitler's new disorder: the Second World War in Yugoslavia
694:; p.289; Columbia University Press, 2008 0-231-70050-4
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refused to leave for Croatia, saying so in letters to
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As a political title, it is strongly associated with
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543:European Journal of Economic and Political Studies
350:and the establishment of the puppet state called
354:(commonly referred to by its Croatian-language
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74:Government of the Independent State of Croatia
41:
24:
644:. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 252ā56.
8:
441:, the first President of modern-day Croatia
385:the country's Prime Minister. It embodied
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339:at the time when Croatia was part of the
749:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
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480:
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281:the word comes from the adjective form
214:in 1929 and served as dictator of the
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572:Zakonska odredba o kruni Zvonimirovoj
190:
7:
487:http://www.hrcak.srce.hr/file/95656
165:, published in 1595, mentions word
29:of the Independent State of Croatia
199:word meaning "leader" or "guide".
14:
367:, which was itself modeled after
175:word (5th from top in 4th column)
278:Croatian Encyclopedic Dictionary
34:
759:Titles held only by one person
534:Cetin, Onder (February 2010).
415:Italy's exit from World War II
275:(Croatian Dictionary) and the
163:Dictionarium quinque linguarum
1:
754:Independent State of Croatia
706:Rezun, Miron (30 May 1995).
642:Independent State of Croatia
387:Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta
352:Independent State of Croatia
216:Independent State of Croatia
714:. Greenwood Press. p.
820:
322:Political role and context
210:organization known as the
67:10 April 1941 ā 8 May 1945
16:Title used by Ante PaveliÄ
335:nation-state by means of
273:RjeÄnik hrvatskoga jezika
240:, between 1941 and 1945.
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50:
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640:Lemkin, Raphael (2008).
625:Avramov, Smilja (1995).
230:Axis occupied Yugoslavia
690:Pavlowitch, Stevan K.;
513:Hrvatski jeziÄni portal
794:Positions of authority
627:Genocide in Yugoslavia
598:"Royal House of Italy"
348:invasion of Yugoslavia
232:by the authorities of
228:built out of parts of
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42:
25:
602:European royal houses
341:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
192:[pĒÉ”laĖŹniĖk]
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779:Heads of government
408:Victor Emmanuel III
346:Following the 1941
244:Etymology and usage
492:2016-10-23 at the
437:- A title used by
395:Italian annexation
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98:Poglavnik's Palace
594:Sainty, Guy Stair
391:named Tomislav II
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60:Only officeholder
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799:Nazi terminology
764:Authoritarianism
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206:, head of the
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153:Dictionary of
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267:According to
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517:. Retrieved
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305:World War II
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291:Proto-Slavic
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234:Nazi Germany
226:puppet state
220:World War II
204:Ante PaveliÄ
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63:Ante PaveliÄ
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804:Connotation
509:"poglavnik"
743:Categories
725:027595238X
519:31 January
471:References
455:ConducÄtor
413:Following
356:initialism
188:pronounced
143:8 May 1945
551:664122357
404:Mussolini
371:'s title
363:(used by
294:word stem
182:Poglavnik
167:Poglavnik
140:Abolished
114:Formation
104:Appointer
93:Residence
43:Poglavnik
26:Poglavnik
490:Archived
460:Caudillo
435:Vrhovnik
429:See also
399:Dalmatia
382:de facto
333:Croatian
312:Croatian
299:'head'.
289:and the
283:poglavit
262:princeps
161:) named
122:de facto
774:Fascism
397:of the
223:fascist
208:fascist
195:) is a
132:de jure
789:Nazism
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658:
549:
545:: 76.
445:FĆ¼hrer
361:FĆ¼hrer
328:UstaŔe
212:UstaŔe
108:UstaŔe
615:2007.
558:(PDF)
539:(PDF)
465:Vozhd
297:glava
260:word
258:Latin
252:as a
81:Style
720:ISBN
672:and
656:ISBN
547:OCLC
521:2011
450:Duce
373:Duce
236:and
218:, a
287:po-
271:'s
169:as
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479:^
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