1706:"For in as many days as this world was made, in so many thousand years shall it be concluded. And for this reason the Scripture says: 'Thus the heaven and the earth were finished, and all their adornment. And God brought to a conclusion upon the sixth day the works that He had made; and God rested upon the seventh day from all His works.' This is an account of the things formerly created, as also it is a prophecy of what is to come. For the day of the Lord is as a thousand years; and in six days created things were completed: it is evident, therefore, that they will come to an end at the sixth thousand year."
1895:"Origen has recourse too easily to allegorism to explain purely apparent antilogies or antinomies. He considers that certain narratives or ordinances of the Bible would be unworthy of God if they had to be taken according to the letter, or if they were to be taken solely according to the letter. He justifies the allegorism by the fact that otherwise certain accounts or certain precepts now abrogated would be useless and profitless for the reader: a fact which appears to him contrary to the providence of the Divine inspirer and the dignity of Holy Writ."
2172:, Vol. 2 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, n.d.) 384. Simonetti also writes "But in the West too, the spread of Platonic spiritualism marked the end of millenarism.: Ambrose no longer presents the division of world history into seven millennia; Jerome argues against millennarism (PL 24, 627 ff.) and reworks Victorinus’s literal interpretation of Rev. 20-21 in an allegorical and anti-millenarian sense...” M. Simonetti, “Millenarism,” 560. See also a noteworthy reference to Nortbert's correspondence to
1721:”Among the Apostolic Fathers Barnabas is the first and the only one who expressly teaches a pre-millennial reign of Christ on earth. He considers the Mosaic history of the creation a type of six ages of labor for the world, each lasting a thousand years, and of a millennium of rest, since with God ‘one day is as a thousand years.’ Millennial Sabbath on earth will be followed by an eight and eternal day in a new world, of which the Lord’s Day (called by Barnabas ‘the eighth day’) is the type" (
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808:, and consequently there was no logical place in his system for a real Second Coming...Marcion expected the majority of mankind to be lost...he denied the validity of the Old Testament and its Law...As the first great heretic, Marcion developed and perfected his heterodox system before orthodoxy had fully defined itself...Marcion represents a movement that so radically transformed the Christian doctrine of God and Christ that it can hardly be said to be Christian.
1149:, openly proclaimed a belief in a literal millennium. Increase Mather wrote "That which presseth me so, as that I cannot gainsay the Chiliastical opinion, is that I take these things for Principles, and no way doubt but that they are demonstrable. 1. That the thousand apocalyptical years are not passed but future. 2. That the coming of Christ to raise the dead and to judge the earth will be within much less than this thousand years. 3. That the conversion of the
677:, "I and others who are right-minded Christians on all points are assured that there will be a resurrection of the dead, and a thousand years in Jerusalem, which will then be built... For Isaiah spoke in that manner concerning this period of a thousand years." Though he conceded earlier in the same chapter that his view was not universal by saying that he "and many who belong to the pure and pious faith, and are true Christians, think otherwise."
721:"belongs unquestionably to the times of the kingdom when the righteous will bear rule, after their rising from the dead. It is also the time when the creation will bear fruit with an abundance of all kinds of food, having been renovated and set free... And all of the animals will feed on the vegetation of the earth... and they will be in perfect submission to man. And these things are borne witness to in the fourth book of the writings of
939:- The millennial fervor of premillennialists as the year AD 500 was nearing caused them to have overly jovial celebrations (some septa-/sextamillennial interpreters calculated Jesus's birth to have happened 5,500 years after creation). These feasts appeared to Augustine to take more pleasure in the physical world than the spiritual. Such earthly revelry was repulsive to Augustine since he placed little value on the material world.
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717:, he wrote "The promise remains steadfast... God promised him the inheritance of the land. Yet, Abraham did not receive it during all the time of his journey there. Accordingly, it must be that Abraham, together with his seed (that is, those who fear God and believe in Him), will receive it at the resurrection of the just." In another place Irenaeus also explained that the blessing to
780:. Many of these theologians and others in the early church expressed their belief in premillennialism through their acceptance of the sexta-septamillennial tradition. This belief claims that human history will continue for 6,000 years and then will enjoy Sabbath for 1,000 years (the millennial kingdom), thus all of human history will have a total of 7,000 years prior to the
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Augustine's later amillennial view laid the eschatological foundation for the Middle Ages, which practically abandoned premillennialism. The theological term "kingdom" maintained its eschatological function, though it was not necessarily futuristic. Instead it consistently referred to the present age
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observed the 4th century as a time of major shift for
Christian eschatology by noting that it "marked a crucial moment in the history of millenarianism, since during this period Augustine repudiated even the allegorizing variety he himself had previously accepted. From this point on he dedicated much
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After moving away from premillennialism to amillennialism, Augustine viewed
Sabbath rest in the sexta-/septamillennial scheme as "symbolically representative of Eternity." Moreover, the millennium of Revelation 20 became for him "symbolically representative of Christ’s present reign with the saints."
912:, who constantly referred to his teaching in their own debates. His teaching is "still one of the most potent elements in Western religious thought." Therefore, to analyze what happened to premillennialism in the Middle Ages and the Reformation, it is necessary to observe the Augustinian foundation.
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interpretation, he had been a proponent of amillennialism (of course, the sexta-septamillennial tradition was itself based upon similar means of allegorical interpretation). Although Origen was not always wholly "orthodox" in his theology, he had at one point completely spiritualized Christ's second
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in the 19th century wrote a statement of faith for the
Irvingites saying, "In respect to eschatology, they hold, with the Church of the first three centuries, that the second coming of the Lord precedes and introduces the millennium; at the beginning of which the first resurrection takes place, and
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Augustine wrote in regards to the premillennialism “And this opinion would not be objectionable, if it were believed that the joys of the saints in that
Sabbath shall be spiritual, and consequent on the presence of God. . . But, as they assert that those who then rise again shall enjoy the leisure
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45 (1991): 157. Referenced in
Anderson, “Soteriological Impact,” 29. Fredriksen writes furthermore “By complicating the biblical text, Tyconius gained a purchase on the perfectionist and millenarian readings of Scripture... The Donatist’s interpretations ironically became definitive of Catholic
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The
Antichrist's deception already begins to take shape in the world every time the claim is made to realize within history that messianic hope which can only be realized beyond history through the eschatological judgment. The Church has rejected even modified forms of this falsification of the
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In his early period, Augustine held to the sexta-/septamillennial view common in early
Christianity (see above section on Patristic Age). In accordance with this view, Augustine divided history into two separate dispensations, first the church age (the current age of 6,000 years), and then the
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observed this and wrote "Many
Christians believe that the Messiah will shortly establish a kingdom on the earth, and visibly reign over all its inhabitants." Throughout the 19th century, premillennialism continued to gain wider acceptance in both the US and in Britain, particularly among the
1353:, which believes that Jesus will return to take up Christians into heaven by means of a rapture immediately before a seven-year worldwide tribulation. This will be followed by an additional return of Christ with his saints (though there are post tribulation dispensationalists, such as
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seem to differ from that of the
Apology. According to Johannes Quasten, "In his eschatological ideas Justin shares the views of the Chiliasts concerning the millennium." He maintains a premillennial distinction, namely that there would be two resurrections, one of believers before
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and millenarian traditions provided the point of departure for what is more brilliant and idiosyncratic in
Augustine's own theology. And it is Tyconius, most precisely, whose own reading of John's Apocalypse determined the Western church's exegesis for the next eight hundred
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interpret the millennium as being a symbolic period of time, which is consistent with the highly symbolic nature of the literary and apocalyptic genre of the Book of Revelation, sometimes indicating that the thousand years represent God's rule over his creation or the
1283:. Historic premillennialism maintains chiliasm because of its view that the church will be caught up to meet Christ in the air and then escort him to the earth in order to share in his literal thousand year rule. Proponents of the view include John Gill, Mike Placko,
1253:", though "Premillennialists retort that they merely follow the Word of God, regardless of ridicule." He then notes that, nevertheless, "the virtual theology which surrounds premillennialism is today stronger and more widely spread than at any time in history."
986:(642–690) summarizes the medieval doctrine of the millennium by referring to it as "the church of God which, by the diffusion of its faith and works, is spread out as a kingdom of faith from the time of the incarnation until the time of the coming judgment".
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commentary on the Apocalypse for the next eight hundred years... Tyconius affected Augustine’s own theological development profoundly. The attack on millenarian understandings of scriptural prophecy and especially of the Apocalypse, in book 20 of the
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of immoderate carnal banquets, furnished with an amount of meat and drink such as not only shock the feeling of the temperate, but even to surpass the measure of credulity itself, such assertions can be believed only by the carnal.” (
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he wrote that “It was impossible to calculate the date of the End. ‘To all those who make... calculations on this subject comes the command, “Relax your fingers and give them a rest.”’ The Reign of the saints had already begun...”
1887:, 1992), 560. It is doubtless that Origen respected apostolic tradition in interpretation. It was Origen himself who said "Non debemus credere nisi quemadmodum per successionem Ecclesiae Dei tradiderunt nobis" (In Matt., ser. 46,
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in the 2nd century was one of the first Christian writers to clearly describe himself as continuing in the "Jewish" belief of a temporary messianic kingdom prior to the eternal state, although the notion of Millennium in his
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12.30)." Even Origen's milder forms of this teaching left no room for a literal millennium and it was so extreme that few actually followed it. But his influence did gain wider acceptance especially in the period following
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will not be till this present state of the world is near unto its end. 4. That, after the Jews' conversion there will be a glorious day for the elect upon earth, and that this day shall be a very long continuance."
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when he taught that "Christ's return signifies His disclosure of Himself and His deity to all humanity in such a way that all might partake of His glory to the degree that each individual's actions warrant
1364:(1800–1882), an Anglican churchman and an early leader of the Plymouth Brethren. In the US, the dispensational form of premillennialism was propagated on the popular level largely through the
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and others 'who now scatter Jewish opinions that, before the resurrection of the dead, the godly shall occupy the kingdom of the world, the wicked being everywhere suppressed.'" Likewise, the
874:. Eusebius also had low regard for the chiliast, Papias, and he let it be known that in his opinion Papias was "a man of small mental capacity" because he had taken the Apocalypse literally.
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rather than a physical conflict on Earth. Amillennialists do not view the thousand years mentioned in Revelation as a literal thousand years, but see the number "thousand" as symbolic and
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The first great heretic broke drastically with the faith of the early church in abandoning the doctrine of the imminent, personal return of Christ...Marcion did not believe in a real
920:). Nevertheless, early in his career Augustine converted from premillennialism to amillennialism. Anderson locates three reasons that may account for Augustine's theological shift:
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1871:. II, 2-3)) rejects the literal interpretation of Rev 20-21, gives an allegorical interpretation of it and so takes away the scriptural foundation of Millenarism. In the East:
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A preference for allegorical interpretation - Finally, Augustine was influenced by the popular allegorical interpretation of Scripture, particularly of The Book of Revelation.
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text of Revelation from an amillennial perspective. Beale has an excursus on the concept of the temporary messianic kingdom and how it fits into amillennial understanding.
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1662:. 80) affirms the millenarian idea as that of Christians of complete orthodoxy but he does not hide that fact that many rejected it.” M. Simonetti, “Millenarism,” 560.
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733:." (5.33.3) Apparently Irenaeus also held to the sexta-/septamillennial scheme writing that the end of human history will occur after the 6,000th year. (5.28.3).
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259.2) by explaining Apoc. 20:1-5 in an allegorical sense (it regards the spiritual resurrection of the body – real bodies even though no longer corruptible)" (
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135. (January 1978): 58-74. This journal article is still considered by many premillennialists to be one of the stronger defenses of premillennialism in print.
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monk, who to an extent, stressed premillennial themes. Joachim divided earth's history into three periods. He assigned each age to a particular person of the
713:, Irenaeus concentrates primarily on eschatology. In one passage he defends premillennialism by arguing that a future earthly kingdom is necessary because of
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Premillennialism experienced a revival among 17th century Puritans like Thomas Brightman, Joseph Mede, and others. Although they were not premillennial, the
932:, 20.7). The Donatists were premillennial and thus Augustine formed a connection between their sensual behavior and their earthly eschatological expectation.
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Dispensational premillennialism generally holds that Israel and the Church are distinct entities. It also widely holds to the pretribulational return of
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2290:. 719. Servetus noted that believers would be raised to live in the millennium at age 30, the year that Christ was baptized and started his ministry.
2168:(millennialism) took its place among the heresies, and was rejected subsequently even by the Protestant reformers as a Jewish dream.” Philip Schaff,
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Vol. 15 (Spring 2002), 27. Johannes Quasten also writes "Augustine made a “short shrift of millenarianism after having accepted it at first himself (
1129:(1703–58) "fueled millennial ideas with new influence in the nineteenth century." It was authors such as these who concluded that the decline of the
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3333:. Hill questions the legitimacy of early premillennial thought by analyzing an apparent paradox in the early chiliast theology, particularly the
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Vol. 1 (Westminster, Maryland: Christian Classics, Inc.), 219. (Quasten was a Professor of Ancient Church History and Christian Archaeology at
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Historic, or Classic, Premillennialism is distinctively non-dispensational. This means that it sees no radical theological distinction between
1137:. Edwards taught that a type of Millennium would occur "1260 years after A.D. 606 when Rome was recognized as having universal authority." His
1456:. This view understands that an aspect of the eschatological kingdom presently exists, but must wait for the millennium to be realized fully.
703:, was an outspoken premillennialist. He is best known for his voluminous tome written against the 2nd century Gnostic threat, commonly called
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Premillennialism is often used to refer specifically to those who adhere to the beliefs in an earthly millennial reign of Christ as well as a
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Irenaeus and Justin represent two of the most outspoken premillennialists of the pre-Nicean church. Other early premillennialists included
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excess - Augustine displayed a revulsion to the Donatists' bacchanal feasts which seemingly used excessive amounts of food and drink (
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Richard Landes, "Lest the Millennium be Fulfilled: Apocalyptic Expectations and the Pattern of Western Chronography 100-800 CE," in
3258:. A balanced presentation of four millennial views. George Eldon Ladd defends historical premillennialism; Herman A. Hoyt presents
1013:. For Joachim, year 1260 was to mark the end of the second and the beginning of the third and final golden age of earth's history.
3314:. 4 Vols. Review and Herald, 1946–54. ASIN B0006AR2YQ. An enormously comprehensive history of eschatological thought. Froom is an
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kingdom to come under the name of millenarianism, especially the "intrinsically perverse" political form of a secular messianism.
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864:. Dionysius argued against Nepos's influence and convinced the churches of the region of amillennialism. The church historian,
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3127:. A commentary on Revelation from a general premillennial perspective, though no particular view of the rapture is defended.
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2230:, Vol. 4. London: Burnside and Seeley, 1846. Schwartz also writes about Joachim's eschatology in the more accessible work
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1059:(1553), describing the millennium as a 'fable of Jewish dotage', but it was omitted at a later time in the revision under
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premillennialism; Loraine Boettner defend explains postmillennialism; and Anthony A. Hoekema writes on amillennialism.
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3142:. This is the largest defense of premillennialism in any language. It was written in the 19th century by an American
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William C. Watson "Dispensationalism Before Darby: 17th and 18th century English Apocalypticism (Lampion Press, 2015)
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as the guiding principle of that era. The first era was the Old Testament history and was accordingly the age of the
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and the Church. It is often post-tribulational, meaning that the rapture of the church will occur after a period of
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Mühling, Markus, "Grundwissen Eschatologie. Systematische Theologie aus der Perspektive der Hoffnung", Göttingen:
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3355:. The history of late 19th C.-present premillenialism in the United States and its impact on the general culture.
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508:. This interpretation views the symbolism of Revelation as referring to a spiritual conflict between Heaven and
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796:. Marcion opposed the use of the Old Testament and most books of the New Testament that were not written by the
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Anderson, “Soteriological Impact,” 27-28. Interestingly, by the time that Augustine wrote his monumental work
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Whalen has noted that modern premillennialism is "criticized roundly for naïve scholarship which confuses the
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Three Central Issues in Contemporary Dispensationalism: A Comparison of Traditional and Progressive Views
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is a monument to Augustine’s appropriation and appreciation of Tyconius.” Paula Fredriksen “Tyconius” in
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that millennialism is a "fiction" that is "too childish either to need or to be worth a refutation". The
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Joseph Mede was a biblical scholar educated at Christ's College, Cambridge. His most well-known work is
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1944:"NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine"
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did not come into use until the mid-19th century. The word's coinage was "almost entirely the work of
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During the Reformation period, amillennialism continued to be the popular view of the Reformers. The
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Many traditional denominations continue to oppose the concept of a literal millennial kingdom. The
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taught a chiliastic view, though he was denounced by the Reformers as a heretic and executed in
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C.I. Scofield popularized dispensational premillennialism through the Scofield Reference Bible.
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period—particularly in the 3rd century—there had been rising opposition to premillennialism.
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See: Philippe Bobichon, "Millénarisme et orthodoxie dans les écrits de Justin Martyr" in
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Between 1790 and the mid-19th century, premillennialism was a popular view among English
1783:(mid 3rd c.) takes up the theme of the 7000 years, the last of which is the millennium (
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explicitly states, "When Christ returns, 'new heavens and a new earth' will be created (
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had to argue hard against Egyptian communities with millenarian convictions (in Euseb.
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prosper through preaching and redemptive work, but occurring before the second coming.
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Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers. The Historical Development of Prophetic Interpretation
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Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I: History of Creeds,
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J. Daniélou, “La typologie millenariste de la samaine dans le christianisme prmitif,”
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teaches in paragraph 676 that the millennium is to be understood as "beyond history":
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This article is about Premillennialism in Christian eschatology. For other uses, see
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to a greater or lesser extent." Augustine's (354-430) influence shaped not only the
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3149:. The viewpoint is historical premillennial, meaning that it is post tribulational.
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New International Commentary on the Greek Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
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communities in the 20th and 21st centuries, expanding further into the churches of
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Bailey, J. W. “The Temporary Messianic Reign in the Literature of Early Judaism,”
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have developed a form of dispensationalism that is growing in popularity known as
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and see the kingdom of Christ as already present in the church beginning with the
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Impact of Augustine’s Change From Premillennialism to Amillennialism: Part One,”
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1405:
1388:
1377:
1083:
1040:
1025:
1010:
1006:
905:
805:
758:
545:
537:
533:
368:
363:
2414:
1843:(Part of a commentary on Genesis). Jerome identifies him as a premillennialist.
1098:
4769:
4584:
4554:
4539:
4327:
4315:
4075:
3937:
3563:
3220:
3068:
3027:
2892:
2672:
2580:
2505:
2177:
1823:
1425:
1393:
1172:
1115:
994:
955:
861:
813:
792:
The first clear opponent of premillennialism associated with Christianity was
777:
754:
557:
513:
328:
273:
263:
258:
176:
3380:
1892:
1672:
500:
as pertaining to the present time, and holds that Christ currently reigns in
17:
4511:
4300:
4229:
4174:
4169:
4035:
3876:
3782:
3525:
3396:
3199:
2488:
2467:
2393:
1930:
1780:
1566:
1490:
1067:
1017:
680:
517:
81:
2309:
Heaven Upon Earth: Joseph Mede (1586–1638) and the Legacy of Millenarianism
1090:(died 1555), but it was never a conventional belief throughout the period.
800:. Regarding Marcion and premillennialism, Harvard scholar H. Brown noted,
575:
preceding the Millennium. In the 20th century, the belief became common in
3318:
but this is not overly apparent in the work. It is currently out of print.
2839:
The Last Things: Resurrection, Judgment, Glory (Christian Foundations, 7)
2307:(1627). For a recent monograph on Mede's eschatology, see Jeffrey K. Jue,
1509:
645:
hold to the view that the Second Coming will happen after the millennium.
4804:
4789:
4320:
4305:
4207:
4045:
3493:
3143:
3093:. A commentary on Revelation from a historical premillennial perspective.
2958:
Hughes, James A. “Revelation 20:4-6 and the Question of the Millennium,”
2714:
The Presbyterian Philosopher: The Authorized Biography of Gordon H. Clark
2165:
970:
943:
925:
894:
865:
821:
730:
696:
685:
611:
308:
235:
1376:. More recently dispensational eschatology has been popularized through
4784:
4638:
4633:
4470:
4460:
4268:
4080:
3792:
3787:
2993:
The Puritan Hope: A Study in Revival and the Interpretation of Prophecy
2155:
Mediaevalia Louvaniensia. (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1988), 156.
1335:
1219:
1138:
1112:
1082:
under Calvin's authority. A few in the mainstream accepted it, such as
998:
793:
571:
of the faithful coming before (dispensational) or after (historic) the
568:
348:
171:
3164:. This is a small introduction and defense of premillennialism from a
2091:, Ed. Adrian Hastings, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 435.
1261:
Contemporary premillennialism is divided into two schools of thought.
4794:
4720:
3323:
Regnum Caelorum: Patterns of Millennial Thought in Early Christianity
3146:
2929:
Regnum Caelorum: Patterns of Millennial Thought in Early Christianity
2887:
The Victory of Christ's Kingdom: An Introduction to Postmillennialism
2555:"Definitions and Observations Concerning the Second Coming of Christ"
2311:. Archives internationales d'histoire des idées. n.p.:Springer, 2006.
2012:
chez Saint Augustin. Son interpretation millénariste entre 386 et 400
1810:
1350:
1276:
1242:
1204:
1134:
1079:
1055:. This is observed in the 41st of the Anglican Articles, drawn up by
853:
817:
505:
2759:, ed. by Herbert W. Bateman IV (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1999), 315-16.
1813:'s reference to him as a chiliast. M. Simonetti, “Millenarism,” 560.
2985:. One-volume overview of postmillennialism. Written by a proponent.
2624:"Episode 132: D.A. Carson on Revelation 20 • EFCA Theology Podcast"
1133:
would make way for the conversion and restoration of the nation of
4465:
4224:
3334:
3292:
The Hope of the Early Church: A Handbook of Patristic Eschatology,
3115:. Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids:
2943:
1888:
1400:. Popular proponents of dispensational premillennialism have been
1334:
1246:
1097:
989:
A notable exception to normative medieval eschatology is found in
951:
857:
718:
679:
670:
454:
2712:
results, search; Zeller, Lois; George, Betsy Clark (2017-01-24).
2211:
The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine
1997:, ed. F. L. Cross (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 129.
481:, which describes Jesus's reign in a period of a thousand years.
4809:
2450:
ed. F. L. Cross (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 1087.
1632:
Mélanges sur la question millénariste de l’Antiquité à nos jours
1200:
1051:
originally formalized a statement against millenarianism in the
842:
Dionysius of Alexandria stood against premillennialism when the
3400:
825:
coming prophesied in the New Testament. Origen did this in his
2051:
Vol. 4 (Westminster, Maryland: Christian Classics, Inc.), 452.
1191:. Premillennialism continues to be popular among Evangelical,
1150:
2129:
Ed. Allan D. Fitzgerald (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 854.
982:
so that the church was currently experiencing the eschaton.
3215:
Works from multiple perspectives or no apparent perspective
2481:
The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements,
2464:
The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements,
2390:
The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements,
1559:
The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements,
1856:
Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody (MA), 1988, pp. 65,67,455.
1822:
Note this is Victorinus of Pettau not Marcus Piav(v)onius
3381:
A helpful historical overview from a Catholic perspective
2410:
at the close the general resurrection..." Philip Schaff,
2176:. Nortbert thought that he was living in the time of the
1978:
Iustitua Dei: A History of the Doctrine of Justification,
1510:"Question & Answer: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church"
3392:
Irenaeus gives a 2nd century description of the eschaton
3210:. A defense from a classical dispensational perspective.
2922:
Thine is the Kingdom: A Study of the Postmillennial Hope
2755:
Herbert W. Bateman IV, “Dispensationalism Tomorrow,” in
820:
was the first to challenge the doctrine openly. Through
2818:
The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text.
2791:
Works from an amillennial or postmillennial perspective
2373:
The Mystery of Israel’s Salvation Explained and Applied
2025:
2 (1956):371-90. Referenced in David R. Anderson, “The
1809:“We know that Melito was also a millenarian" regarding
1545:
Survey -Premillennialism Reigns in EvangelicalTheology
3000:
A Case for Amillennialism: Understanding the End Times
2801:
Victory in Jesus: The Bright Hope of Postmillennialism
1581:
A Case for Amillennialism: Understanding the End Times
3628:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
2116:, “Apocalypse and Redemption in Early Christianity,”
954:
theologian, "whose reinterpretation of his culture's
3554:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
2915:
He Shall Have Dominion: A Postmillennial Eschatology
1883:, Translated by Adrian Walford, Volume 1 (New York:
1360:
Dispensationalism traces its roots to the 1830s and
4762:
4731:
4664:
4522:
4193:
4068:
3979:
3936:
3929:
3895:
3699:
3690:
3605:
3459:
2153:
The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages
1787:. II 35, 8 ff.).” M. Simonetti, “Millenarism,” 560.
1009:; and still in Joachim's future was the age of the
1005:; the current age of the church was the age of the
3347:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022 (3rd Ed.)
2674:What Is Historic Premillennialism? - Bryan Chapell
2388:Quoted by Robert K. Whalen, “Premillennialism” in
1854:Heresy and Orthodoxy in the History of the Church.
1102:Comparison of Christian millennial interpretations
3065:, 1920. See volume 2, pages 182-86 in particular.
2897:Last Days Madness: Obsession of the Modern Church
2180:and demonstrated possible chiliastic tendencies (
4682:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3006:, 2003. An up to date defense of amillennialism.
2875:. This is a revised edition of the classic 1957
2853:. A recent eschatology text from an amillennial
2917:. Tyler, Tx: Institute For Christian Economics.
1536:(Bloomington, IN: WestBow Press, 2010), p. 132.
1228:
4580:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
3266:Revelation: Four Views: A Parallel Commentary.
2448:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church,
2379:(Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, 1953), 31-32.
2250:, Vol. 2 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, n.d.) 381.
1906:"Origen's Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew"
1744:"Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias"
1733:, Vol. 2 (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, n.d.) 382.
1020:formally rejected chiliasm (millennialism) in
692:130–202), an early Christian Premillennialist.
3585:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
3412:
3294:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
3230:, 1997. A scholarly commentary on Revelation.
2828:. A well written 1245 page commentary on the
2242:
2240:
2031:The Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society,
1995:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
427:
8:
3226:Word Biblical Commentary. 3 vols. Waco, TX:
1879:VII, 24-25). M. Simonetti, “Millenarism” in
969:of his energy to ridding the church of this
3633:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
2931:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2001 (
2697:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2164:“From the time of Constantine and Augustin
2127:Augustine Through the Ages: An Encyclopedia
1634:, M. Dumont (dir.), Paris, 2018, pp. 61-82
1236:Catechism of the Catholic Church, para. 676
469:of peace. Premillennialism is based upon a
3933:
3736:Climate change and civilizational collapse
3696:
3419:
3405:
3397:
2737:"What is Premillennial Dispensationalism?"
2327:(Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, 1953), 29
602:and was prompted by their belief that the
434:
420:
36:
3244:The Meaning of the Millennium: Four Views
3071:“Premillennialism in Revelation 20:4-6,”
3032:Kingdom Come: The Amillennial Alternative
2975:Postmillennialism. An Eschatology of Hope
2462:Robert K. Whalen, “Dispensationalism” in
2458:
2456:
2427:"Bible Basics Study 5.5 - The Millennium"
2089:The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought
1891:, XIII, 1667). However as it is noted in
457:will physically return to the Earth (the
4739:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
4677:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3177:The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism
3156:. Neptune, NJ: Loizeaux Brothers, 1953.
2479:Robert K. Whalen, “Premillennialism” in
2234:, (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000), 326ff.
1557:Robert K. Whalen, “Premillennialism” in
2977:. Philipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing.
2531:"The Millennial Maze by Keith Mathison"
1673:"Dialogue with Trypho (Chapters 31-47)"
1607:The Greatest Commandment: Matthew 22:37
1534:The Greatest Commandment: Matthew 22:37
1501:
977:Medieval and Reformation amillennialism
39:
3181:Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
3134:. 3 Vols. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1952.
3083:A Commentary on the Revelation of John
3046:Works from a premillennial perspective
3034:. Fearn (UK): Mentor/Christian Focus.
2924:. Vallecito, CA: Chalcedon Foundation.
2811:. Texarkana, AR: Covenant Media Press.
2690:
2358:Kevin Stilley, “Edwards, Jonathan” in
2907:) Power Springs, GA: American Vision.
2525:
2523:
2502:"Charles H. Spurgeon and Eschatology"
2377:The Basis of the Premillennial Faith,
2325:The Basis of the Premillennial Faith,
2140:Dictionary of Premillennial Theology,
2138:Larry V. Crutchfield, “Augustine” in
1927:Dictionary of Premillennial Theology,
883:Augustinian eschatological foundation
7:
3756:Tipping points in the climate system
3154:The Basis of the Premillennial Faith
2995:. London, UK: Banner of Truth Trust.
2360:Dictionary of Premillennial Theology
2275:Institutes of the Christian Religion
776:and various Gnostics groups and the
579:according to surveys on this topic.
465:, heralding a literal thousand-year
3751:Extinction risk from climate change
3650:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3345:Fundamentalism and American Culture
3285:Works on the history of eschatology
3250:Westmont, IL: Inter-Varsity, 1977.
1257:Historic vs. dispensational schools
1166:, even within the Anglican church.
737:Other ante-Nicene premillennialists
484:Premillennialism is in contrast to
4711:List of fictional doomsday devices
3386:A Survey of Early Premillennialism
2716:. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock.
2362:(Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1996), 100.
2205:96:697), translated and quoted by
1933:(Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1996), 289.
1925:Larry V. Crutchfield, “Origen” in
1652:the Catholic University of America
1604:Steineker, David T. (2010-12-20).
849:The Refutation of the Allegorizers
610:(the French, especially) realized
25:
3731:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
3059:International Critical Commentary
2466:Ed. Richard A. Landes (New York:
2392:Ed. Richard A. Landes (New York:
2142:(Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1996), 59.
1583:. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
1066:Contrarily, certain Anabaptists,
4847:
4846:
4834:
3992:Decline in amphibian populations
3325:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
3268:Edited by Steve Greg. Waco, TX:
3100:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1988.
3085:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972.
3014:The Last Days According to Jesus
2948:. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.
2579:DauphinWayBaptist (2009-04-07),
1881:Encyclopedia of the Early Church
1807:Encyclopedia of the Early Church
1777:Encyclopedia of the Early Church
1656:Encyclopedia of the Early Church
1481:Idealism (Christian eschatology)
1224:catechism of the Catholic Church
4343:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
3840:Land surface effects on climate
3813:Human impact on the environment
3444:Future of an expanding universe
2681:from the original on 2021-11-17
2589:from the original on 2021-11-17
2288:The Restitution of Christianity
2248:History of the Christian Church
2170:History of the Christian Church
1731:History of the Christian Church
1654:) Furthermore according to the
1368:and on the academic level with
878:Middle Ages and the Reformation
556:views the millennial rule as a
289:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
3236:Journal of Biblical Literature
3024:Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
2504:. Spurgeon.org. Archived from
2047:22, 1-28).” Johannes Quasten,
1796:Against Marcion, book 3 chp 25
1216:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
1125:(1687–1752), and the American
1:
4289:Interpretations of Revelation
4091:Cosmological phase transition
3997:Decline in insect populations
3449:Ultimate fate of the universe
2773:Progressive Dispensationalism
2671:Awitness4Jesus (2017-07-30),
1610:. WestBowPress. p. 132.
1454:progressive dispensationalism
935:A reaction to eschatological
908:, but it also influenced the
27:Christian eschatological view
4744:Future of Humanity Institute
4141:Potentially hazardous object
4041:Interplanetary contamination
2867:. P&R Publishing, 1990.
1383:The Late, Great Planet Earth
1024:. "Art. XVII., condemns the
4624:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
3773:Global terrestrial stilling
2215:University of Chicago Press
587:The current religious term
4924:
4136:Asteroid impact prediction
4111:Heat death of the universe
3521:Mutual assured destruction
3360:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
3055:The Revelation of St. John
2889:. Moscow, ID: Canon Press.
1982:Cambridge University Press
1764:Insruct. adv. Gentium Deos
1579:Riddlebarger, Kim (2013).
1476:Historicism (Christianity)
1342:
1268:
1189:Christian Israelite Church
1037:Second Helvetic Confession
654:Justin Martyr and Irenaeus
29:
4828:
4754:Nuclear Threat Initiative
4687:List of apocalyptic films
4530:2011 end times prediction
4262:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
4257:Abomination of desolation
4131:Asteroid impact avoidance
3961:List of extinction events
3803:Environmental degradation
3590:Technological singularity
3434:
3428:Global catastrophic risks
2920:Gentry, Kenneth L. 2003.
2407:Catholic Apostolic Church
2405:Rev. W.W. Andrews of the
2375:quoted in Charles Ryrie,
1893:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1271:Historic premillennialism
1086:(1586–1638) and possibly
524:. Denominations such as
254:Abomination of desolation
4749:Future of Life Institute
4651:Resurrection of the dead
4644:Post-tribulation rapture
4026:Colony collapse disorder
1993:“Augustine of Hippo” in
1980:2nd Edition (Cambridge:
1837:Commentary on Revelation
1805:Simonetti writes in the
1366:Scofield Reference Bible
1193:Fundamentalist Christian
1121:(1688–1726), the German
715:God's promise to Abraham
354:Resurrection of the dead
125:Post-tribulation rapture
3575:Artificial intelligence
2967:35 (Spring 73):281-302.
2961:Westminster Theological
2582:Eschatology - Al Mohler
2429:. Biblebasicsonline.com
2213:, Vol. 3 (Chicago: The
2087:, “Millenarianism,” in
1885:Oxford University Press
1873:Dionysius of Alexandria
1725:The Epistle of Barnabas
1471:Futurism (Christianity)
1158:19th century to present
1107:17th and 18th centuries
1022:The Augsburg Confession
709:. In the fifth book of
699:, the late 2nd century
394:Woman of the Apocalypse
4704:List of disaster films
4545:Apocalyptic literature
3645:Malthusian catastrophe
3571:Synthetic intelligence
3196:The Millennial Kingdom
3132:The Theocratic Kingdom
2768:Craig A. Blaising and
1965:Historia Ecclesiastica
1908:. Ccel.org. 2005-07-13
1839:and from the fragment
1746:. Ccel.org. 2005-07-13
1430:Charles Caldwell Ryrie
1340:
1289:James Montgomery Boice
1239:
1123:Johann Albrecht Bengel
1103:
871:Ecclesiastical History
868:, reports this in his
788:Ante-Nicene opposition
693:
4903:Christian eschatology
4086:Coronal mass ejection
3548:Electromagnetic pulse
3509:Kinetic energy weapon
3061:. 2 Vols. Edinburgh:
2883:Davis, John Jefferson
2446:“Millenarianism,” in
1852:Brown HOJ. Heresies:
1486:Millennial Day Theory
1466:Biblical hermeneutics
1380:'s 1970s bestseller,
1338:
1331:Dispensational school
1131:Roman Catholic Church
1101:
832:Commentary on Matthew
827:Commentary on Matthew
729:, and a companion of
683:
614:made in the books of
453:, is the belief that
451:Christian eschatology
41:Christian eschatology
4488:War of Gog and Magog
4165:Near-Earth supernova
3915:Human overpopulation
3719:Mass mortality event
3613:Anthropogenic hazard
3096:Ladd, George Eldon.
2118:Vigiliae Christianae
1532:David T. Steineker,
1197:Living Church of God
1074:were premillennial.
916:millennial kingdom (
910:Protestant reformers
893:has noted that "all
852:written by Nepos, a
774:Victorinus of Pettau
675:Dialogue with Trypho
665:Dialogue with Trypho
608:American Revolutions
203:Johannine literature
4560:Blood moon prophecy
4353:Number of the Beast
3951:Holocene extinction
3897:Earth Overshoot Day
3845:Ocean acidification
3808:Habitat destruction
3798:Ecological collapse
3504:Kinetic bombardment
3439:Future of the Earth
3306:Froom, Le Roy Edwin
2998:Riddlebarger, Kim.
2939:Hoekema, Anthony A.
2843:Inter-Varsity Press
2746:New York University
2535:Ligonier Ministries
2305:Clavis Apocalyptica
2228:Horae Apocalypticae
2102:Vigiliae Christiane
1442:Charles L. Feinberg
1374:Systematic Theology
1370:Lewis Sperry Chafer
950:. 400), a Donatist
410:Christianity portal
344:Number of the Beast
60:Interpretations of
49:Contrasting beliefs
4875:Doomsday scenarios
4441:Beast of the Earth
4333:Book of Revelation
4121:Virtual black hole
4101:False vacuum decay
4051:Pollinator decline
4014:Biological warfare
4004:Biotechnology risk
3855:Resource depletion
3335:intermediate state
3152:Ryrie, Charles C.
3111:Osborne, Grant R.
3079:Ladd, George Eldon
2971:Mathison, Keith A.
2911:Gentry, Kenneth L.
2836:Bloesch, Donald G.
2197:Julian of Toledo,
2017:2011-07-18 at the
1826:the Gaelic Emperor
1729:). Philip Schaff,
1646:Johannes Quasten,
1341:
1245:and inspirational
1104:
1033:Heinrich Bullinger
993:(c. 1135–1202), a
860:became popular in
770:Hippolytus of Rome
694:
643:Postmillennialists
630:The proponents of
526:Oriental Orthodoxy
504:with the departed
473:interpretation of
4885:
4884:
4716:Zombie apocalypse
4617:Postmillennialism
4412:Great Tribulation
4185:Stellar collision
4146:Near-Earth object
4096:Geomagnetic storm
4064:
4063:
3987:Biodiversity loss
3971:Genetic pollution
3925:
3924:
3714:Biodiversity loss
3677:Societal collapse
3655:Nuclear holocaust
3640:Economic collapse
3623:Doomsday argument
3541:Antimatter weapon
3368:978-3-8252-2918-4
3321:Hill, Charles F.
3248:Clouse, Robert G.
3073:Bibliotheca Sacra
3040:978-1-78191-132-7
2927:Hill, Charles E.
2861:Boettner, Loraine
2777:Baker Books, 1993
2652:www.monergism.com
2508:on August 5, 2007
2485:Richard A. Landes
2371:Increase Mather,
2261:History of Creeds
2203:Patrologia Latina
2085:Elizabeth Isichei
1976:Alister McGrath,
1775:According to the
1617:978-1-4497-0669-2
1563:Richard A. Landes
1402:John F. MacArthur
1362:John Nelson Darby
1345:Dispensationalism
1305:Francis Schaeffer
1293:George Eldon Ladd
1249:of prophecy with
1177:Plymouth Brethren
1072:Bohemian Brethren
1053:Anglican Articles
888:Oxford theologian
573:Great Tribulation
554:Postmillennialism
530:Eastern Orthodoxy
498:Revelation 20:1–6
490:postmillennialism
475:Revelation 20:1–6
444:
443:
304:Great Tribulation
130:Dispensationalism
112:Postmillennialism
75:Dispensationalism
16:(Redirected from
4915:
4898:Premillennialism
4850:
4849:
4841:World portal
4839:
4838:
4800:Financial crisis
4629:Nibiru cataclysm
4607:Premillennialism
4451:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
4419:Son of perdition
4407:Olivet Discourse
4383:Whore of Babylon
4009:Biological agent
3956:Human extinction
3946:Extinction event
3934:
3905:Overexploitation
3835:Land consumption
3830:Land degradation
3697:
3559:Micro black hole
3467:Chemical warfare
3421:
3414:
3407:
3398:
3290:Daley, Brian E.
3198:. Grand Rapids:
3172:Underwood, Grant
3002:. Grand Rapids:
2841:. Westmont, IL:
2797:Bahnsen, Greg L.
2780:
2766:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2527:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2477:
2471:
2460:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2403:
2397:
2386:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2318:
2312:
2301:
2295:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2264:
2257:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2224:
2218:
2207:Jaroslav Pelikan
2195:
2189:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2114:Paula Fredriksen
2111:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2074:
2068:
2058:
2052:
2008:La typologie du
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1841:De Fabrica Mundi
1833:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1709:Against Heresies
1704:
1698:
1694:Against Heresies
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1644:
1638:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1506:
1418:Dwight Pentecost
1404:, Phil Johnson,
1386:and through the
1372:'s eight-volume
1309:Carl F. H. Henry
1285:Charles Spurgeon
1237:
1181:Christadelphians
1141:contemporaries,
1127:Jonathan Edwards
1076:Michael Servetus
991:Joachim of Fiore
984:Julian of Toledo
725:, the hearer of
711:Against Heresies
706:Against Heresies
589:premillennialism
562:Christian ethics
447:Premillennialism
436:
429:
422:
389:Whore of Babylon
374:Son of perdition
191:Pauline Epistles
167:Olivet Discourse
162:Synoptic Gospels
121:Prewrath rapture
117:Premillennialism
37:
21:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4860:Future problems
4833:
4824:
4758:
4727:
4694:Climate fiction
4660:
4535:2012 phenomenon
4518:
4424:Sheep and Goats
4311:2 Thessalonians
4189:
4106:Gamma-ray burst
4060:
3975:
3966:Genetic erosion
3921:
3891:
3882:Water pollution
3850:Ozone depletion
3746:Desertification
3686:
3601:
3536:Doomsday device
3516:Nuclear warfare
3455:
3430:
3425:
3377:
3341:Marsden, George
3287:
3217:
3130:Peters, G.N.H.
3098:The Last Things
3048:
2793:
2788:
2786:Further reading
2783:
2775:(Grand Rapids:
2770:Darrell L. Bock
2767:
2763:
2754:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2590:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2478:
2474:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2387:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2319:
2315:
2302:
2298:
2286:
2282:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2246:Philip Schaff,
2245:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2196:
2192:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2079:The City of God
2075:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2019:Wayback Machine
2005:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1720:
1716:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1675:. Newadvent.org
1671:
1670:
1666:
1645:
1641:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1462:
1347:
1333:
1313:Harold Lindsell
1273:
1267:
1265:Historic school
1259:
1251:fortune telling
1238:
1235:
1222:3:10-13)." The
1168:Thomas Macaulay
1160:
1143:Increase Mather
1109:
1096:
1049:Anglican Church
979:
891:Alister McGrath
885:
880:
812:Throughout the
790:
743:Pseudo-Barnabas
739:
656:
651:
628:
585:
542:Presbyterianism
520:in the book of
440:
404:
403:
249:
241:
240:
226:
218:
217:
196:2 Thessalonians
184:Sheep and Goats
145:
137:
136:
102:
92:
91:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4921:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4855:Apocalypticism
4844:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4699:Disaster films
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4674:
4672:Alien invasion
4668:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4612:Amillennialism
4609:
4599:
4597:Millenarianism
4594:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4550:Apocalypticism
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4446:Dhu al-Qarnayn
4443:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4392:Great Apostasy
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4249:
4239:
4237:Last Judgement
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4199:
4197:
4195:Eschatological
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4133:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3910:Overpopulation
3907:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3887:Water scarcity
3884:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3862:
3860:Sea level rise
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3823:on marine life
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Global warming
3775:
3770:
3768:Global dimming
3765:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3726:Cascade effect
3723:
3722:
3721:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3701:Climate change
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3531:Doomsday Clock
3528:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3482:Cyberterrorism
3479:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3376:
3375:External links
3373:
3372:
3371:
3356:
3353:978-0197599495
3338:
3319:
3303:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3263:
3260:dispensational
3241:
3231:
3221:Aune, David A.
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3192:Walvoord, John
3189:
3187:978-0252068263
3169:
3166:dispensational
3150:
3128:
3117:Baker Academic
3109:
3094:
3076:
3069:Deere, Jack S.
3066:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3025:
3007:
2996:
2986:
2968:
2956:
2946:and the Future
2936:
2925:
2918:
2908:
2890:
2880:
2877:postmillennial
2865:The Millennium
2858:
2833:
2812:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2761:
2748:
2742:2004-05-09 at
2729:
2722:
2704:
2663:
2639:
2615:
2598:
2571:
2546:
2519:
2493:
2472:
2452:
2439:
2418:
2398:
2381:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2329:
2313:
2296:
2280:
2265:
2259:Philip Schaff
2252:
2236:
2226:E. B. Elliot,
2219:
2190:
2157:
2144:
2131:
2106:
2104:2 (1948):1-16.
2093:
2069:
2053:
2027:Soteriological
1999:
1986:
1969:
1956:
1935:
1918:
1897:
1858:
1845:
1828:
1815:
1798:
1789:
1768:
1756:
1735:
1714:
1699:
1685:
1664:
1639:
1623:
1616:
1596:
1590:978-0801015502
1589:
1571:
1550:
1538:
1525:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1446:Craig Blaising
1434:Norman Geisler
1343:Main article:
1332:
1329:
1269:Main article:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1233:
1159:
1156:
1108:
1105:
1095:
1092:
1057:Thomas Cranmer
1030:Swiss Reformer
978:
975:
966:Richard Landes
961:
960:
940:
937:sensationalism
933:
924:A reaction to
884:
881:
879:
876:
810:
809:
789:
786:
764:, Tertullian,
738:
735:
701:bishop of Lyon
655:
652:
650:
647:
632:amillennialism
627:
624:
584:
581:
577:Evangelicalism
548:are generally
494:Amillennialism
486:amillennialism
442:
441:
439:
438:
431:
424:
416:
413:
412:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
314:Kingdom of God
311:
306:
301:
299:Great Apostasy
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
227:
225:Pseudepigrapha
224:
223:
220:
219:
216:
215:
214:
213:
200:
199:
198:
188:
187:
186:
181:
180:
179:
174:
159:
158:
157:
146:
144:Biblical texts
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
127:
122:
114:
109:
107:Amillennialism
103:
100:The Millennium
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
78:
77:
67:
66:
65:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
32:Millenarianism
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4920:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:Risk analysis
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4815:Social crisis
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:Organizations
4730:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4656:World to come
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4602:Millennialism
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4590:Messianic Age
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4575:Gog and Magog
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:Earth Changes
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4402:New Jerusalem
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4378:War in Heaven
4376:
4374:
4373:Two witnesses
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4242:Second Coming
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
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3741:Deforestation
3739:
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3729:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
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3715:
3712:
3710:
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3698:
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3689:
3683:
3682:World War III
3680:
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3608:
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3598:
3597:Transhumanism
3595:
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3462:
3460:Technological
3458:
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3417:
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3331:0-8028-4634-3
3328:
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3312:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:1-56563-737-2
3297:
3293:
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3284:
3279:
3278:0-8407-2128-5
3275:
3271:
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3257:
3256:0-87784-794-0
3253:
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3209:
3208:0-310-34090-X
3205:
3201:
3197:
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3190:
3188:
3184:
3180:
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3170:
3167:
3163:
3162:1-59387-011-6
3159:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3140:0-8254-3540-4
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3125:0-8010-2299-1
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:0-8028-1727-0
3103:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:0-8028-1684-3
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:T&T Clark
3060:
3056:
3053:
3052:R. H. Charles
3050:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:0-8010-1171-X
3019:
3015:
3011:
3010:Sproul, R. C.
3008:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2989:Murray, Iain.
2987:
2984:
2983:0-87552-389-7
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2954:0-8028-0851-4
2951:
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2906:
2905:0-915815-35-4
2902:
2898:
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2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2873:0-87552-113-4
2870:
2866:
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2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:0-8308-1417-5
2848:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2826:0-8028-2174-X
2823:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:0-9678317-1-7
2806:
2802:
2798:
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2778:
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2765:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:archive.today
2741:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2723:9781532607240
2719:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2664:
2653:
2649:
2648:"D.A. Carson"
2643:
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2550:
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2536:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2491:, 2000), 332.
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2470:, 2000), 128.
2469:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2396:, 2000), 331.
2395:
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2368:
2365:
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2321:Charles Ryrie
2317:
2314:
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2306:
2300:
2297:
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2284:
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2277:
2276:
2272:John Calvin,
2269:
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2256:
2253:
2249:
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2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2006:G. Folliet, “
2003:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
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1600:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1569:, 2000), 331.
1568:
1564:
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1542:
1539:
1535:
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1459:
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1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:John Walvoord
1419:
1415:
1411:
1410:Jerry Falwell
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:Jerry Jenkins
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1355:Robert Gundry
1352:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:Bryan Chapell
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:Albert Mohler
1298:
1294:
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1286:
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1278:
1272:
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1254:
1252:
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1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1209:South America
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Church of God
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:Cotton Mather
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Daniel Whitby
1117:
1114:
1106:
1100:
1093:
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1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
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1058:
1054:
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1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:wrote up the
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
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1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
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953:
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934:
931:
927:
923:
922:
921:
919:
913:
911:
907:
904:
900:
899:'Augustinian'
896:
892:
889:
882:
877:
875:
873:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:
845:
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819:
815:
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771:
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720:
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712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
691:
687:
682:
678:
676:
672:
667:
666:
660:
659:Justin Martyr
653:
648:
646:
644:
640:
638:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
594:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:numerological
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
479:New Testament
476:
472:
468:
467:messianic age
464:
461:) before the
460:
459:Second Coming
456:
452:
448:
437:
432:
430:
425:
423:
418:
417:
415:
414:
411:
408:
407:
400:
399:World to come
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:War in Heaven
382:
380:
379:Two witnesses
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
359:Second Coming
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:New Jerusalem
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
324:Last Judgment
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
294:Gog and Magog
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:False prophet
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
269:Apocatastasis
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
245:
244:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
222:
221:
212:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:Seventy Weeks
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
141:
140:
131:
128:
126:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
101:
96:
95:
88:
85:
83:
80:
76:
73:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
38:
33:
19:
18:Premillennial
4832:
4775:Cyberwarfare
4606:
4493:Third Temple
4348:Lake of fire
4158:Rogue planet
4126:Impact event
4116:Proton decay
4069:Astronomical
4019:Bioterrorism
3865:Supervolcano
3763:Flood basalt
3709:Anoxic event
3618:Collapsology
3606:Sociological
3477:Cyberwarfare
3344:
3322:
3310:
3291:
3265:
3246:. Edited by
3243:
3240:(1934), 170.
3234:
3223:
3195:
3175:
3168:perspective.
3153:
3131:
3112:
3097:
3082:
3072:
3054:
3031:
3013:
2999:
2992:
2974:
2959:
2941:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2896:
2886:
2864:
2857:perspective.
2838:
2817:
2815:Beale, G. K.
2800:
2772:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2683:, retrieved
2673:
2666:
2655:. Retrieved
2651:
2642:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:
2618:
2601:
2591:, retrieved
2581:
2574:
2563:. Retrieved
2561:. 1987-08-30
2559:Desiring God
2558:
2549:
2538:. Retrieved
2534:
2512:September 9,
2510:. Retrieved
2506:the original
2496:
2480:
2475:
2463:
2447:
2442:
2431:. Retrieved
2421:
2411:
2401:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2268:
2263:Vol. 1, 307.
2260:
2255:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2217:, 1978), 43.
2210:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2188:182, 50–51).
2181:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2088:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1984:, 1998), 24.
1977:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1948:. Retrieved
1938:
1926:
1921:
1910:. Retrieved
1900:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1818:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1748:. Retrieved
1738:
1730:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1677:. Retrieved
1667:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1642:
1631:
1626:
1606:
1599:
1580:
1574:
1558:
1553:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1450:Darrell Bock
1438:Erwin Lutzer
1387:
1381:
1373:
1359:
1348:
1325:Gordon Clark
1317:D. A. Carson
1274:
1260:
1240:
1229:
1213:
1164:Evangelicals
1161:
1110:
1088:Hugh Latimer
1065:
1044:
1015:
988:
980:
962:
947:
929:
918:Sermon 259.2
917:
914:
897:theology is
886:
869:
848:
841:
831:
826:
811:
798:apostle Paul
791:
782:new creation
740:
710:
704:
695:
689:
674:
663:
657:
641:
629:
588:
586:
566:
483:
446:
445:
319:Lake of fire
116:
61:
4851:Categories
4820:Survivalism
4507:Zoroastrian
4363:Seven seals
4358:Seven bowls
4284:Historicism
4180:Solar flare
4056:Overfishing
4031:Defaunation
3818:coral reefs
3580:AI takeover
3499:Nanoweapons
3487:Cybergeddon
3472:Cyberattack
3174:. (1999) .
3028:Storms, Sam
3004:Baker Books
2893:DeMar, Gary
2487:(New York:
2347:Eschatology
2232:Eschatology
2123:City of God
2064:De civ. Dei
2045:De civ. Dei
2036:De civ. Dei
1565:(New York:
1406:Ray Comfort
1389:Left Behind
1378:Hal Lindsey
1281:tribulation
1084:Joseph Mede
1041:John Calvin
1026:Anabaptists
930:City of God
906:Middle Ages
837:Constantine
822:allegorical
806:incarnation
759:Commodianus
626:Other views
600:Protestants
583:Terminology
550:amillennial
546:Lutheranism
538:Anglicanism
534:Catholicism
496:interprets
369:Seven seals
364:Seven bowls
55:Historicism
4908:Marcionism
4892:Categories
4780:Depression
4770:Ransomware
4585:Messianism
4555:Armageddon
4540:Apocalypse
4328:Antichrist
4316:Man of sin
4213:Three Ages
4076:Big Crunch
3938:Extinction
3930:Biological
3692:Ecological
3564:Strangelet
3370:, 209–214.
3270:Word Books
3228:Word Books
3224:Revelation
3113:Revelation
2685:2018-12-03
2657:2018-12-03
2633:2018-12-03
2607:"ETS JETS"
2593:2018-12-03
2565:2018-12-03
2540:2018-12-03
2433:2014-01-24
2345:Schwartz,
2292:Restitutio
2199:Antitheses
2178:Antichrist
2049:Patrology,
1963:Eusebius,
1950:2014-01-24
1946:. Ccel.org
1912:2014-01-24
1824:Victorinus
1750:2014-01-24
1679:2014-01-24
1648:Patrology,
1519:2022-11-22
1497:References
1426:Tim Lahaye
1414:Todd Friel
1394:Tim Lahaye
1392:Series by
1297:John Piper
1173:Irvingites
1116:theologian
1094:Modern era
1045:Institutes
995:Cistercian
956:separatist
862:Alexandria
844:chiliastic
778:Montanists
762:Theophilus
755:Lactantius
620:Revelation
612:prophecies
558:Golden Age
463:Millennium
329:Man of sin
274:Armageddon
264:Apocalypse
259:Antichrist
208:Revelation
177:Matthew 24
62:Revelation
4665:Fictional
4512:Saoshyant
4397:New Earth
4368:The Beast
4301:Preterism
4274:Christian
4230:Kali Yuga
4175:Micronova
4170:Hypernova
4036:Dysgenics
3877:Verneshot
3783:Hypercane
3526:Dead Hand
3316:Adventist
3200:Zondervan
2845:, 2004.
2489:Routledge
2468:Routledge
2394:Routledge
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1931:Mal Couch
1865:“Origen (
1781:Commodian
1766:, 43, 44.
1658:“Justin (
1567:Routledge
1491:Preterism
1068:Huguenots
1061:Elizabeth
1043:wrote in
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814:Patristic
751:Methodius
560:in which
518:Pentecost
492:beliefs.
334:New Earth
279:The Beast
248:Key terms
82:Preterism
4805:Pandemic
4790:Epidemic
4785:Droughts
4639:Prewrath
4570:End time
4436:Al-Qa'im
4321:Katechon
4306:2 Esdras
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4279:Futurism
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4203:Buddhist
4046:Pandemic
3494:Gray goo
3362:, 2005.
3272:, 1997.
3202:, 1959.
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3119:, 2002.
2895:. 1999.
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2855:Reformed
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2693:citation
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2587:archived
2278:, 3.25.5
2166:chiliasm
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1460:See also
1234:—
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944:Tyconius
926:Donatist
895:medieval
866:Eusebius
731:Polycarp
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597:American
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236:2 Esdras
211:(Events)
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1080:Geneva
1070:, and
1011:Spirit
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854:bishop
846:work,
818:Origen
766:Melito
747:Papias
723:Papias
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616:Daniel
604:French
506:saints
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4502:Norse
4466:Mahdi
4225:Kalki
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3550:(EMP)
3388:(pdf)
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