638:
407:
621:
288:. His curriculum was composed primarily of humanities courses, as was usual at the time. His knowledge of astronomy derived from independent study, possibly from studying under followers of John von Gmünden. During his enrollment, there were no professors of astronomy at the University of Vienna. However, under his tutelage astronomic studies emerged at the University of Vienna throughout the 15th and 16th centuries.
1238:
1307:
568:
A Peuerbach's input in
Regiomontanus's trigonometric tables was used by future astronomers in the coming century. Though a fair amount of Peuerbach's work is believed to have circulated in academia, his full observations were only published by Johann Schöner nearly a century after Peuerbach's death.
493:
from the original Greek. Bessarion thought that a shorter and more clearly written version of the work would make a suitable teaching text. Peuerbach accepted the task and worked on it with
Regiomontanus until his death in 1461, at which time 6 volumes had been completed. Regiomontanus completed the
430:
in Vienna that were transcribed by
Regiomontanus. The book introduced the "New Planetary Theory of Georg von Peuerbach" based on the already successful Ptolemaic system, this new theory presented the physical realities of eccentric planetary spheres. In his model of the sun Peuerbach removed simple
381:
and Vienna, allowing
Peuerbach to maintain his position at the University of Vienna. During this time Peuerbach met Regiomontanus, who was then a student at the university. After Regiomontanus graduated in 1452 at the age of 15, he began collaborating extensively with Peuerbach in his astronomical
533:
Georg von
Peuerbach work outlives him because of his ability to communicate astronomy, mathematics and art. His contributions simplified seeming difficult ideas, making them more digestible and inspiring critical thought. Through his tutelage he was able to create an astronomy program at his alma
276:
Georg's intellect was discovered by a priest of his hometown, Dr. Heinrich
Barucher. Dr. Barucher recognized Peuerbach's academic abilities from a young age and put him in contact with the Augustinian provost of Klosterneuburg Monastery, Georg Muestinger. Georg Muestinger taught a course at the
584:
became one of the most common astronomy textbooks used to train future scholars. He is credited with being instrumental in the
European understanding of astronomy and the Ptolemaic system. The descriptions of the solid spheres model (common to the Ptolemaic planetary system) seen in the
605:, saw continued use, as late as Tycho Brahe near the end of the sixteenth century. He is also believed to have overseen the collection and duplication of numerous astronomical manuscripts. This culminated in the development of a scientific printing press in
553:
was published in 1496, nearly 35 years after his teacher’s passing, and 20 years after his own (Regiomontanus died in 1476). This book would go on to be an important reference for
Nicholas Copernicus for the creation of his book
382:
work. In 1457, following the assassination of two notable political figures, Ladislas fled Vienna and died in 1458. Peurbach did not receive an appointment from either of
Ladislas' two successors. However he was asked to be the
431:
eccentric shells and added partial orbs, some of which were eccentric and some concentric to the center of the world. Similar models for the planets replaced the body of the sun with an epicycle sphere carrying each planet.
331:. He returned to the University of Vienna in 1453, earned his Masters of Arts, and began lecturing on Latin poetry. He is often credited as a leader in reviving classical Greek and Roman literature in arts and sciences.
357:
While at Vienna in 1454, Peuerbach taught planetary motion to students at the university. Peuerbach's lectures were based on
Ptolemaic teachings and became so famous that from 1472 they were printed under the title
299:
by the Moon in 1451, signifying the beginning of his personal astronomy career. After this point Peuerbach essentially devoted his life to astronomy, he developed tools and theories, and collaborated with his pupil
393:
Georg von Peuerbach died on 8 April 1461. His work set the path for future scholars, scientists, and astronomers for years to come; Peurbach’s early death was a serious loss to the progress of astronomy, although
600:
Peuerbach is also known to have developed and distributed tables that were capable of predicting eclipses of both the sun and the moon, and this practice was continued by Regiomontanus. The manuscript, titled
269:
in upper Austria. A horoscope published eighty-nine years after his death places his date of birth specifically on 30 May 1423, though other evidence only indicates that he was born sometime after 1421
373:
of Bohemia and Hungary. It was in this capacity that Peuerbach first met Ladislas' cousin Frederick who was then serving as guardian to the 14-year-old king and who would later become
565:
disproved many of the ideas that Peuerbach supported while defending the Ptolemaic system, nonetheless his advancement in technology and theory help modernize the study of astronomy.
334:
Peuerbach attended many university lectures that focused on Roman poets, which led to him playing one of the leading roles in the revitalization of classical learning introduced by
304:(Johannes Müller von Königsberg) to make astrology more digestible to common people. Majority of Georg's astrological discoveries were made in the last ten years of his life.
1387:
406:
284:
During his time at University of Vienna, Georg received a master of philosophy in 1446 and a second master's degree in 1448, studying mathematics under the guidelines of
830:
637:
1377:
1367:
1248:
472:
based on techniques developed by Islamicate mathematicians. Peuerbach's work was instrumental in establishing a more modern understanding of mathematics.
1362:
573:
would be released in numerous editions between 1472 and 1596, with additions by scholars such as Regiomontanus, Peter Apian, Erasmus Reinhold, and
95:
1282:
1205:
1392:
461:
Widely read in manuscript form beginning around 1459 and formally published in 1514, these tables remained highly influential for many years.
956:
885:
577:. It is believed that by 1653, at least 56 Latin printings of the text had been published with numerous editions in other languages as well.
1382:
1372:
806:
387:
374:
339:
597:
is also credited with helping to establish much of the technical vocabulary used by astronomers through the seventeenth century.
1072:
669:(A treatise of George Peurbach on the propositions of Ptolemy concerning the sines and chords), Johann Petreius, Germany, 1468
1325:
662:(in Latin). 1459 treatises based on elementary arithmetic, sine tables, calculating devices, and the astronomical instruments
549:. Though the work was completed after Peuerbach's death in 1461, Regiomontanus carried on with the task and eventually the
1311:
1337:
76:
Peuerbach was instrumental in making astronomy, mathematics and literature simple and accessible for Europeans during the
311:, giving lectures on astronomy. His lectures led to offers of professorships at several universities, including those at
281:
These lectures were the first that Georg von Peuerbach attended at the University of Vienna and inspired him to enroll.
453:
In 1457 Peuerbach observed an eclipse and noted that it had occurred 8 minutes earlier than had been predicted by the
1268:
Ralf Kern: Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Band 1: Vom Astrolab zum mathematischen Besteck. Köln, 2010.
687:
754:
625:
1160:""Harmony and Symmetry". European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC) 26, Graz 27th August–1st September 2018"
1287:
851:"The Reception of Cosmography in Vienna: Georg von Peuerbach, Johannes Regiomontanus, and Sebastian Binderlius"
850:
692:
524:
Influenced many other European astrological and astronomical discoveries with his observations and ideologies
609:
by Regiomontanus. The printing press was further used to publish astronomical works such as Peuerbach's own
465:
426:
geocentric system in a more colloquial and comprehensible way. Based on a series of Peuerbach's lectures at
1319:
457:, the best available astronomical tables at the time. He then computed his own set of eclipse tables, the
1120:
442:, as the standard university text on astronomy and was studied by many influential astronomers including
1253:
65:
750:
1206:"Mathematical Treasure: Peuerbach's and Regiomontanus's Ptolemy | Mathematical Association of America"
1357:
1352:
285:
262:
234:
224:
169:
149:
1273:
1121:"An Alfonsine universe: Nicolò Conti and Georg Peurbach on the threefold motion of the fixed stars"
1026:"Georg von Peuerbach – Astronomy at the Beginning of the Scientific Revolution in Early Modern Age"
546:
443:
182:
69:
1277:
650:
1187:
1140:
1101:
1006:
824:
574:
476:
320:
915:
620:
350:. After being court astrologer for a few years, Peuerbach eventually went on to become imperial
1294:
Electronic facsimile-editions of the rare book collection at the Vienna Institute of Astronomy
1179:
1093:
1049:
998:
952:
881:
812:
802:
439:
127:
1171:
1132:
990:
944:
873:
454:
328:
123:
94:
711:
541:'s contribution expanded the European understanding of astronomy by translating Ptolemy's
504:
447:
343:
939:, in Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R.; Bracher, Katherine (eds.),
715:
699:
480:
42:
483:
from the Turks, proposed that Peuerbach and Regiomontanus create a new translation of
427:
1346:
1242:
1191:
1144:
1010:
659:
538:
515:
395:
351:
301:
244:
61:
948:
877:
562:
335:
210:
667:
Tractatus Georgi Peurbachii super propositiones Ptolemaei de sinubus & chordis
1318:
936:
868:
Green, Daniel W. E. (2007). "Peurbach [Peuerbach, Purbach], Georg von".
590:
469:
464:
Peuerbach wrote various papers on practical mathematics and constructed various
292:
206:
188:
77:
514:
from Greek into Latin, a task which was completed and published by his student
589:
would remain the accepted view of the nature of the spheres until the time of
479:, while visiting Frederick's court seeking assistance in a crusade to reclaim
370:
366:
307:
Georg Peuerbach traveled through central and southern Europe, most notably in
53:
1333:
1183:
1097:
1002:
816:
1136:
606:
494:
project, and the final version containing 13 volumes was published in 1496.
266:
214:
115:
1073:"The Early Manuscripts of Georg von Peuerbach's Theoricae Novae Planetarum"
1306:
696:(in German), vol. 20, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 281–282
17:
801:. Dept. of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania.
511:
489:
346:, Johann Nihil, and took the position of court astrologer to the king of
1105:
1085:
1025:
1159:
484:
423:
347:
324:
312:
296:
50:
1175:
979:"Peurbach's Theoricae Novae Planetarum: A Translation with Commentary"
418:
written in 1454, and published by his disciple Regiomontanus in 1472.
338:. Peuerbach eventually followed the advice of the court astrologer to
796:
378:
261:
Peuerbach's life remains relatively unknown until he enrolled at the
145:
978:
798:
Peurbach's Theoricae novae planetarum, a translation with commentary
1241: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
994:
27:
Austrian astronomer, mathematician and instrument maker (1423-1461)
1293:
688:"Peu(e)rbach (auch Purbach), Georg von (eigentlich Georg Aunpekh)"
636:
619:
405:
316:
308:
119:
57:
327:, perhaps the leading astronomer at the time, and the Cardinal
398:, his successor, was able to continue his work.
521:
Expanded the Astronomy program at the University of Vienna.
503:
In February 1453, Georg Von Peuerbach was awarded with the
534:
mater, further expanding the understanding of astronomy.
1086:"The Collection of Orbs, Spheres and Globes in Florence"
68:
maker, best known for his streamlined presentation of
593:, who disproved the existence of solid spheres. The
240:
230:
220:
202:
177:
165:
157:
134:
108:
85:
937:"Peurbach [Peuerbach, Purbach], Georg von"
319:. During this time he also met Italian astronomer
655:(in Latin). Venezia: Malchiorre Sessa (1.). 1534.
390:, which is the position he held until his death.
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
855:Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
561:Ironically Nicolaus Copernicus work, and later
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
265:in 1446. He was born in the Austrian town of
8:
943:, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 897–898,
941:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
870:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
829:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1388:Academic staff of the University of Vienna
273:He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1448.
93:
82:
1283:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
678:
822:
365:In 1454 Peuerbach was appointed court
1378:Austrian scientific instrument makers
790:
414:Peuerbach is best-known for his work
101:Theoricarum novarum planetarum testus
49:; 30 May 1423 – 8 April 1461) was an
7:
1368:15th-century Austrian mathematicians
1257:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
844:
842:
840:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
665:Peurbach, Georg and Regiomontanus,
510:Peuerbach began the translation of
1119:Nothaft, Philipp (February 2019).
25:
1363:15th-century Austrian astronomers
1251:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
914:J. J. O'Connor; E. F. Robertson.
375:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
1305:
1236:
545:in a book that later influenced
377:. Ladislas resided primarily in
1164:Journal of Skyscape Archaeology
410:Page from Peurbach's sine table
1326:New International Encyclopedia
949:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1081
878:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_1081
628:built in 1971 in Upper Austria
277:University of Vienna entitled
1:
1393:15th-century Austrian writers
1338:Mathematics Genealogy Project
977:Aiton, E. J. (January 1987).
626:Georg von Peuerbach Gymnasium
617:written by the poet Manilius
1320:"Peuerbach, Georg von"
1050:"Georg Peurbach - Biography"
935:Green, Daniel W. E. (2007),
468:. Most notably, he computed
436:Theorica Planetarum Communis
1383:University of Vienna alumni
1158:Zotti, Georg (2019-04-23).
1024:Tietz, Tabea (2020-05-30).
477:Cardinal Johannes Bessarion
416:Theoricae Novae Planetarum,
74:Theoricae Novae Planetarum.
1409:
652:Theoricae novae planetarum
642:Theoricae novae planetarum
611:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
595:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
587:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
582:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
571:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
420:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
360:Theoricae Novae Planetarum
336:Aenaes Silvius Piccolomini
434:Peuerbach ideas replaced
250:
195:
92:
1373:Austrian Roman Catholics
1288:University of St Andrews
693:Neue Deutsche Biographie
466:astronomical instruments
1137:10.1111/1600-0498.12200
755:Encyclopædia Britannica
551:Epitome of the Almagest
422:presented a version of
291:Peuerbach observed the
1247:Fox, William (1913). "
849:Horst, Thomas (2019).
795:J., Aiton, E. (1987).
686:Hermann Haupt (2001),
645:
629:
411:
46:
1278:"Georg von Peuerbach"
1254:Catholic Encyclopedia
1084:Dekker, Elly (2005).
751:"Georg von Peuerbach"
712:"Georg von Peuerbach"
640:
623:
438:, a work credited to
409:
340:Emperor Friedrich III
279:Theoricae Planetarum.
99:Georg von Peuerbach:
1314:at Wikimedia Commons
1274:Robertson, Edmund F.
1249:George von Peuerbach
872:. pp. 897–898.
440:Gerardus Cremonensis
263:University of Vienna
235:Johannes von Gmunden
225:University of Vienna
170:University of Vienna
150:Archduchy of Austria
1334:Georg von Peuerbach
1312:Georg von Peuerbach
1272:O'Connor, John J.;
547:Nicolaus Copernicus
444:Nicolaus Copernicus
384:Astronomus caesaris
183:Ptolemaic astronomy
152:, Holy Roman Empire
87:Georg von Peuerbach
70:Ptolemaic astronomy
31:Georg von Peuerbach
1147:– via EBSCO.
646:
630:
575:Philip Melanchthon
512:Ptolemy's Almagest
459:Tabulae Eclipsium.
412:
321:Giovanni Bianchini
286:Johann von Gmünden
1310:Media related to
1176:10.1558/jsa.38829
1092:(51/52): 85–102.
958:978-0-387-30400-7
916:"Georg Peuerbach"
887:978-0-387-31022-0
660:Tabulae eclipsium
613:, as well as the
603:Tabulae Eclipsium
563:Sir Issac Newtons
556:De Revolutionibus
455:Alphonsine Tables
254:
253:
231:Academic advisors
197:Scientific career
128:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
1400:
1330:
1322:
1309:
1290:
1258:
1240:
1239:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
974:
968:
967:
966:
965:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
911:
892:
891:
865:
859:
858:
846:
835:
834:
828:
820:
792:
765:
764:
762:
761:
749:Shank, Michael.
746:
719:
709:
703:
700:full text online
697:
683:
656:
537:Peuerbach's and
424:Claudius Ptolemy
329:Nicholas of Cusa
241:Notable students
141:
124:Duchy of Austria
97:
83:
21:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1343:
1342:
1317:
1302:
1271:
1265:
1263:Further reading
1246:
1237:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1131:(1/2): 91–110.
1118:
1117:
1113:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
976:
975:
971:
963:
961:
959:
934:
933:
929:
920:
918:
913:
912:
895:
888:
867:
866:
862:
848:
847:
838:
821:
809:
794:
793:
768:
759:
757:
748:
747:
722:
710:
706:
685:
684:
680:
676:
649:
635:
531:
505:Magister Artium
500:
498:Accomplishments
448:Johannes Kepler
404:
259:
186:
172:
153:
143:
139:
130:
113:
104:
88:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1331:
1315:
1301:
1300:External links
1298:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1197:
1150:
1111:
1076:
1065:
1041:
1016:
995:10.1086/368660
969:
957:
927:
893:
886:
860:
836:
807:
766:
720:
716:Britannica.com
704:
677:
675:
672:
671:
670:
663:
657:
634:
631:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
519:
508:
499:
496:
481:Constantinople
403:
400:
344:Wiener-Nestadt
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
204:
200:
199:
193:
192:
179:
178:Known for
175:
174:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
144:
142:(aged 37)
136:
132:
131:
114:
110:
106:
105:
98:
90:
89:
86:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:public domain
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Globe Studies
1087:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1055:
1054:Maths History
1051:
1045:
1042:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
973:
970:
960:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
928:
917:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
894:
889:
883:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
856:
852:
845:
843:
841:
837:
832:
826:
818:
814:
810:
808:0-934235-08-2
804:
800:
799:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
767:
756:
752:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
705:
701:
695:
694:
689:
682:
679:
673:
668:
664:
661:
658:
654:
653:
648:
647:
643:
639:
632:
627:
622:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
578:
576:
572:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:Regiomontanus
535:
528:
523:
520:
517:
516:Regiomontanus
513:
509:
506:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
396:Regiomontanus
391:
389:
388:Frederick III
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
302:Regiomontanus
298:
294:
289:
287:
282:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
256:
249:
246:
245:Regiomontanus
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
184:
180:
176:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
111:
107:
102:
96:
91:
84:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:mathematician
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1324:
1281:
1252:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1170:(1): 95–98.
1167:
1163:
1153:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1089:
1079:
1068:
1057:. Retrieved
1053:
1044:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
1019:
986:
982:
972:
962:, retrieved
940:
930:
919:. Retrieved
869:
863:
854:
797:
758:. Retrieved
707:
698:; (
691:
681:
666:
651:
641:
615:Astronomicon
614:
610:
602:
599:
594:
586:
581:
580:Peuerbach’s
579:
570:
567:
560:
555:
550:
542:
536:
532:
488:
474:
463:
458:
452:
435:
433:
428:Bürgerschule
419:
415:
413:
392:
386:for Emperor
383:
364:
359:
356:
333:
306:
290:
283:
278:
275:
270:
260:
221:Institutions
211:trigonometry
196:
187:Introducing
173:(B.A., 1448)
140:(1461-04-08)
138:8 April 1461
103:, Paris 1515
100:
73:
38:
34:
30:
29:
1358:1461 deaths
1353:1423 births
1231:Attribution
1210:www.maa.org
591:Tycho Brahe
470:sine tables
293:occultation
207:Mathematics
189:sine tables
158:Nationality
112:30 May 1423
80:and beyond.
78:Renaissance
1347:Categories
1226:References
1215:2022-12-06
1059:2022-12-04
1035:2022-12-04
1030:SciHi Blog
964:2021-11-04
921:2014-03-09
760:2014-03-09
507:in Vienna.
371:Ladislas V
367:astrologer
352:astrologer
66:instrument
54:astronomer
47:Purbachius
18:Purbachius
1192:201890819
1184:2055-348X
1145:182722802
1125:Centaurus
1098:1684-7091
1011:144525057
1003:0369-7827
825:cite book
817:427988275
607:Nuremberg
475:In 1460,
267:Peuerbach
257:Biography
215:astronomy
191:to Europe
185:in Europe
181:Reviving
166:Education
116:Peuerbach
1106:23993598
989:: 4–43.
543:Almagest
518:in 1496.
490:Almagest
369:to King
161:Austrian
51:Austrian
39:Peurbach
1336:at the
1329:. 1905.
1245::
485:Ptolemy
348:Hungary
325:Ferrara
313:Bologna
297:Jupiter
72:in the
35:Purbach
1190:
1182:
1143:
1104:
1096:
1009:
1001:
983:Osiris
955:
884:
815:
805:
644:, 1534
529:Legacy
379:Prague
203:Fields
146:Vienna
33:(also
1188:S2CID
1141:S2CID
1102:JSTOR
1007:S2CID
674:Notes
633:Works
317:Padua
309:Italy
118:near
43:Latin
1180:ISSN
1094:ISSN
999:ISSN
953:ISBN
882:ISBN
831:link
813:OCLC
803:ISBN
624:The
569:His
446:and
402:Work
362:‘.
315:and
135:Died
120:Linz
109:Born
64:and
58:poet
1172:doi
1133:doi
991:doi
945:doi
874:doi
487:'s
342:in
323:of
295:of
213:),
1349::
1323:.
1286:,
1280:,
1276:,
1208:.
1186:.
1178:.
1166:.
1162:.
1139:.
1129:61
1127:.
1123:.
1100:.
1088:.
1052:.
1028:.
1005:.
997:.
985:.
981:.
951:,
896:^
880:.
853:.
839:^
827:}}
823:{{
811:.
769:^
753:.
723:^
714:.
690:,
558:.
450:.
354:.
148:,
126:,
122:,
60:,
56:,
45::
41:;
37:,
1218:.
1194:.
1174::
1168:5
1135::
1108:.
1062:.
1038:.
1013:.
993::
987:3
947::
924:.
890:.
876::
857:.
833:)
819:.
763:.
718:.
702:)
358:‘
271:.
209:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
