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government had demolished the town of
Qalladze and it is said that more than 132 children and students alone were killed during the attacks, with over 400 Kurds injured or missing. Although the exact number of victims is unclear, some estimate that over 350 people, including students and teachers died. Two days after the Iraqi government's first airstrike on the Kurds, attentions were turned to the town of Halabja – the second victim of Saddam Hussein's airstrikes.
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Qaladiza's history is a testament to the resilience and endurance of its people. From ancient times through periods of conflict and upheaval, the town has maintained its cultural identity and played a significant role in the
Kurdish struggle for autonomy. Today, Qaladiza is a symbol of reconstruction
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who led the
Kurdish revolution. More than 425 students and teachers re-located to Qalladze as a show of solidarity to Mustafa Barzani's decision which angered the Ba’athi government. Bomber planes, rockets and internationally prohibited cannon fires set alight the town of Qalladze, the Ba’athist
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At 9.15am on
Wednesday 24 April 1974, Qalladze fell victim to Saddam Hussein first airstrike against the Kurds. It was rumoured that the town attracted the eye of Saddam Hussein because the University of Slemani* had temporarily relocated to Qalladze on 1 April 1974 – under the command of leader
388:: During the medieval period, the region was often governed by Kurdish emirates, semi-autonomous principalities that paid tribute to larger Islamic empires. These emirates, such as the Shaddadid and Rawadid, played a significant role in the local governance of Kurdish regions.
430:: After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Qaladiza became part of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. This period was marked by significant political changes and the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq in 1932.
412:: Kurdish tribal structures remained strong, and tribal leaders continued to wield significant power within the Ottoman framework. The Ottomans employed a system of indirect rule, relying on these leaders to maintain order and collect taxes.
406:: Qaladiza fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. It was part of the larger Ottoman administrative structure, which often granted significant autonomy to local Kurdish leaders in exchange for loyalty and tribute.
382:: With the spread of Islam in the 7th century, Qaladiza, like much of the Kurdish region, came under Islamic rule. The town and its surrounding areas became part of various Islamic caliphates, including the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates.
497:: The town has benefited from the relative stability of the Kurdistan Region, experiencing economic growth and development. The presence of natural resources and investments in various sectors have contributed to this progress.
603:: The focus on sustainable development, including education, healthcare, and economic diversification, is key to Qaladiza's future. The town's potential for growth and prosperity hinges on continued stability and investment.
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On 10 February 2013, the council ministers of the
Kurdish Regional Government elected 24 April as the University Martyrs Day; a homage to the fallen martyrs of Sulaymaniyah University (now known as Salahaddin University).
364:: The area has been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence suggesting that it was part of various early civilizations in Mesopotamia. The region likely saw influence from the Sumerians, Akkadians and Assyrians.
590:: The rise of ISIS in 2014 posed a significant threat to the entire Kurdistan Region. Qaladiza, like other Kurdish towns, mobilized to defend against this threat, showcasing Kurdish resilience and unity.
517:: The establishment of the University of Raparin in Qaladiza has been a major development. It has become a center for higher education and research, contributing to the intellectual growth of the region.
628:. The people who have been moved, stayed there until the Kurdish uprising against Saddam Hussein's regime in 1991. Then they came back to their land. The town has continued to expand. A branch of the
485:: The 2003 US invasion of Iraq led to the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime. The Kurdistan Region, including Qaladiza, gained greater autonomy and stability under the protection of the US and its allies.
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and all residents were forced to leave the town and moved to
Bazzian and other parts of Iraqi Kurdistan, but mostly they were moved to some camps somewhere near Bazzian, a small town located west of
523:: Efforts to preserve and promote Kurdish culture, language, and traditions have been significant. Cultural festivals, literary events, and educational programs have reinforced Kurdish identity.
472:: The Ba'athist regime under Saddam Hussein launched the Anfal Campaign, a genocidal campaign against the Kurds. Qaladiza suffered mass destruction, and many residents were killed or displaced.
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Qaladiza is a town in the
Kurdistan Region of Iraq, known for its rich history and cultural significance. Below is a detailed overview of Qaladiza from its early history to the present day.
436:: The early 20th century saw the rise of Kurdish nationalism. The Kurds, including those in Qaladiza, sought greater autonomy and recognition of their cultural and political rights.
536:: Qaladiza is predominantly Kurdish, with a strong sense of cultural and ethnic identity. The social structure is influenced by traditional Kurdish customs and tribal affiliations.
454:: Qaladiza, like many Kurdish towns, was involved in the conflict between Kurdish forces and the Iraqi government. The town faced military actions and population displacements.
460:: A peace agreement in 1970 granted limited autonomy to the Kurdish region, including Qaladiza. However, the implementation was fraught with difficulties and mutual distrust.
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Qalladze means "Castle of Two Rivers" from the
Kurdish words Qala= castle, dw= two and ze= river. In the southwest of the city there is a castle between two rivers.
584:: Despite relative stability, Qaladiza faces challenges from regional tensions, including conflicts involving neighboring countries and internal political disputes.
491:: Since 2003, Qaladiza has seen significant reconstruction efforts. The KRG has invested in infrastructure, education, and healthcare to improve living conditions.
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566:: Residents of Qaladiza actively participate in the political process, contributing to the broader Kurdish struggle for autonomy and rights within Iraq.
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542:: While maintaining traditional elements, Qaladiza has also experienced modernization and urbanization, with improved infrastructure and services.
466:: Renewed conflict led to further instability and destruction. Qaladiza was significantly affected by the Iraqi government's military campaigns.
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560:: The PUK has been a dominant political force in Qaladiza. The town has been a stronghold of support for PUK and its leaders.
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and progress in the
Kurdistan Region, with a promising future shaped by its rich heritage and ongoing development efforts.
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with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Winter nights average below freezing and snow occasionally occurs.
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1129:"Qaladiza climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Qaladiza weather averages - Climate-Data.org"
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was established there in 1974, but the Iraqi government attacked it on 24 April 1974.
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1449:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1392:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
558:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
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1081:. BasNews English. 24 April 2017.
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88:Show map of Iraqi Kurdistan
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145:36.18333°N 45.12778°E
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201:Sulaymaniyah
26:
1115:bot.gov.krd
588:ISIS Threat
374:Islamic Era
309:, near the
305:, north of
248:Postal code
197:Governorate
148: /
1490:Categories
1353:Sharbazher
1318:Chamchamal
1011:References
608:Conclusion
225:Population
136:45°07′40″E
133:36°11′00″N
1386:Kurdistan
1361:(capital)
1313:Barzinjah
1193:Districts
321:Etymology
259:Area code
239:Time zone
217:Elevation
1343:Qaladiza
762:(102.7)
757:(102.7)
286:Qeladizê
207:District
36:Qaladiza
997:(29.8)
927:(53.6)
922:(36.7)
907:(66.7)
902:(74.8)
897:(75.0)
892:(68.7)
887:(58.6)
877:(41.5)
872:(34.9)
867:(33.1)
857:(65.0)
852:(45.1)
847:(56.7)
842:(70.2)
837:(81.0)
832:(88.7)
827:(88.9)
822:(82.2)
817:(71.1)
812:(60.4)
807:(50.9)
802:(43.5)
797:(41.2)
787:(76.4)
782:(53.8)
777:(66.9)
772:(83.3)
767:(95.2)
752:(95.7)
747:(83.7)
742:(70.9)
737:(60.4)
732:(52.2)
727:(49.3)
649:Climate
626:Slemani
329:History
278:قەڵادزێ
270:Qaladze
233:120,000
161:Country
42:قەڵادزە
39:قەڵادزێ
18:Qaladze
1328:Gelara
992:(4.1)
987:(2.8)
982:(0.3)
977:(0.0)
957:(1.6)
952:(3.3)
947:(5.1)
942:(6.9)
937:(5.7)
678:Month
291:Arabic
188:
170:
1441:This
1384:This
1348:Ranya
1338:Mawat
1333:Kalar
1294:(now
1047:Rudaw
917:(46)
912:(57)
882:(50)
717:Year
252:46016
243:UTC+3
1447:stub
1390:stub
972:(0)
967:(0)
962:(0)
925:12.0
905:19.3
900:23.8
895:23.9
890:20.4
885:14.8
855:18.3
845:13.7
840:21.2
835:27.2
830:31.5
825:31.6
820:27.9
815:21.7
810:15.8
805:10.5
785:24.7
780:12.1
775:19.4
770:28.5
765:35.1
760:39.3
755:39.3
750:35.4
745:28.7
740:21.6
735:15.8
730:11.2
714:Dec
711:Nov
708:Oct
705:Sep
702:Aug
699:Jul
696:Jun
693:May
690:Apr
687:Mar
684:Feb
681:Jan
303:Iraq
295:قلدز
263:+964
173:Iraq
49:city
995:756
990:104
945:129
940:174
935:144
920:2.6
875:5.3
870:1.6
865:0.6
850:7.3
800:6.4
795:5.1
725:9.6
659:Csa
1492::
1131:.
1113:.
1095:.
1063:.
1045:.
1027:.
985:70
955:41
950:85
910:14
880:10
317:.
301:,
293::
289:,
280:,
276::
1478:e
1471:t
1464:v
1453:.
1421:e
1414:t
1407:v
1396:.
1298:)
1178:e
1171:t
1164:v
1135:.
1117:.
1099:.
1067:.
1049:.
1031:.
980:8
975:1
970:0
965:0
960:0
915:8
657:(
272:(
20:)
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