160:. The former may also be a case of a manifestation of a movement of opinion within some ethnic, linguistic, religious, regional, or other identifiable groups whose members have expressed concern about their continued existence for historical or other reasons. Such philosophies and groups are diverse amongst themselves—being found in all segments and sectors of the political spectrum—and they usually represent, to varying extents, the diversity within their group. The manifestations of such movements and opinions include everything from comparatively high rates of in-group marriage being applauded and gently suggested, to more explicit calls for
455:", "behold, children are a gift of the Lord", and passages showing God acting to open and close the womb are interpreted as giving a basis for their views. Quiverfull adherents typically maintain that their philosophy is first about an open, accepting and obedient attitude toward the possibility of bearing children. Within the view, this attitude may result in many, few or even no children, because God Himself maintains sole provenance over conception and birth. The duty of the Quiverfull adherent is only to maintain an "open willingness" to joyfully receive and not thwart however many children God chooses to bestow.
558:"Behold, children are a gift of the Lord." (Psa. 127:3) Do we really believe that? If children are a gift from God, let's for the sake of argument ask ourselves what other gift or blessing from God we would reject. Money? Would we reject great wealth if God gave it? Not likely! How about good health? Many would say that a man's health is his most treasured possession. But children? Even children given by God? "That's different!" some will plead! All right, is it different? God states right here in no-nonsense language that children are gifts. Do we believe His Word to be true?
618:"Be fruitful and multiply"... is a command of God, indeed the first command to a married couple. Birth control obviously involves disobedience to this command, for birth control attempts to prevent being fruitful and multiplying. Therefore birth control is wrong, because it involves disobedience to the Word of God. Nowhere is this command done away with in the entire Bible; therefore it still remains valid for us today.
258:
924:. In a 2015 interview about their upbringing, Ettinger said that in Quiverfull families, "the parents are just as confused as the kids, and often are struggling with deep-set psychological issues and need as much therapy and compassion as the kids do to recover from the dehumanizing reality of trying to have a perfect Quiverfull family to please a demanding and holy God."
1031:, "a ministry to encourage women in their high calling as wives, mothers, and homemakers. Its purpose is to uphold and strengthen family life and to raise the standard of God's truth in the nation." Campbell's magazine has a worldwide circulation of over 160,000 and her daughters Serene and Pearl have launched a successful rebranding of Quiverfull values in their
534:
217:
provided that this is done in the light of
Christian principles". Primary materials on the contemporary debate indicate a wide variety of opinion on the matter. In the decades that followed, birth control became gradually accepted among many other mainline Protestants, even among some conservative evangelicals.
886:
Just because something is a gift from the Lord does not mean that it is wrong to be a steward of when or whether you will come into possession of it. It is wrong to reason that since A is good and a gift from the Lord, then we must pursue as much of A as possible. God has made this a world in which
562:
Quiverfull authors such as Pride, Provan, and Hess extend this idea to mean that if one child is a blessing, then each additional child is likewise a blessing and not something to be viewed as economically burdensome or unaffordable. When a couple seeks to control family size via birth control they
216:
issued a statement permitting birth control: "Where there is a clearly felt moral obligation to limit or avoid parenthood, complete abstinence is the primary and obvious method", but if there was morally sound reasoning for avoiding abstinence, "the
Conference agrees that other methods may be used,
934:, is advocating for New York to amend their mandated reporting laws to include clergy. CFCtoo argues that such laws are necessary to combat the Quiverfull movement's propensity for "incest, child sexual abuse, and systematic abuse coverups based on a twisted understanding of biblical forgiveness."
566:
Accordingly, Quiverfull theology opposes the general acceptance among mainline
Protestant Christians of deliberately limiting family size or spacing children through birth control. For example, Mary Pride argued, "God commanded that sex be at least potentially fruitful (that is, not deliberately
501:: "he Quiverfull mission is rooted in faith, the unseen," even if "its mandate to be fruitful and multiply has tangible results as well." Others remark that Quiverfull resembles other world-denying fundamentalist movements that grow through internal reproduction and membership retention such as
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Quiverfull adherents maintain that God "opens and closes the womb" of a woman on a case-by-case basis, and that any attempts to regulate fertility are usurpation of divine power. Thus, the defining practice of a
Quiverfull married couple is not to use any form of birth control and to maintain
887:
tradeoffs have to be made and we cannot do everything to the fullest extent. For kingdom purposes, it might be wise not to get married. And for kingdom purposes, it might be wise to regulate the size of one's family and to regulate when the new additions to the family will likely arrive. As
680:, and other problematic situations, such as disabling mental instability and serious marital disharmony. Owens additionally argues that birth control may be permissible for married couples who are called to a "higher moral purpose" than having children, such as caring long-term for many
660:
Some circles do accept medical interventions, since improving opportunities for pregnancy is not seen to guarantee it any more than with any healthy couple. Also, some reproductive health problems may be seen as symptomatic of other health problems which need to be addressed generally.
656:
and accordingly reject them. Adoption is viewed as a positive option through which couples can also rely on God's providence to send children. Biblical references to God's love for the orphan and the belief that people are saved through adoption into God's family are often noted.
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to share her own story and the stories of other women who had been harmed by the
Quiverfull lifestyle. The blog is now maintained by Suzanne Titkemeyer, another former Quiverfull adherent who describes her years in the movement as "disastrous."
545:
The principal
Quiverfull belief is that Christians should maintain a strongly welcoming attitude toward the possibility of bearing children. With minor exceptions, adherents reject birth control use as completely incompatible with this belief.
1152:
728:. This practice is irrespective of the time of the month during the menstrual cycle, and is considered by Quiverfull adherents to be the principal—if not the primary—aspect of their Christian calling in submission to the Lordship of
387:
Pride stated in her book: "The church's sin which has caused us to become unsavory salt incapable of uplifting the society around us is selfishness, lack of love, refusing to consider children an unmitigated blessing. In a word,
806:
and the children under the authority of both. Parents seek to largely shelter their children from aspects of culture deemed adversarial to their religious beliefs. Additionally, Quiverfull families strongly incline toward
277:, which promotes and glorifies stay-at-home mothers who have as many children as possible, in 1977. While Campbell is in measure responsible for formulating Quiverfull ideas, the movement sparked most fully after the 1985
691:
Despite some variances, all
Quiverfull families and authors agree that God's normative ideal for happy, healthy and prosperous married couples is to take no voluntary actions that will prevent them from having children.
327:. Pride wrote that such a lifestyle was generally biblically required of all married Christian women, but feminism had duped most Christian women without their awareness, especially in their acceptance of birth control.
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648:, referred to as an "empty quiver", as something to be accepted from God as His choice, which then becomes a matter of prayer in the hope that God may decide to miraculously intervene. Quiverfull adherents also see
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area. However, exceptions exist in substantial enough proportions that these latter two items are general and are often idealized correlations to
Quiverfull practices and not integral parts of them.
554:
Most
Quiverfull adherents regard children as unqualified blessings, gifts that should be received happily from God. Quiverfull authors Rick and Jan Hess argued for this belief in their 1990 book:
475:
to raise up many children as
Christians to advance the cause of the Christian religion. Its distinguishing viewpoint is to eagerly receive children as blessings from God, eschewing all forms of
2315:
1156:
779:. Mary Pride has more recently attempted to distance herself from the patriarchy movement and from a focus on the father's role in training daughters. In a column published in her magazine
630:
deceives Christian couples into using birth control so that children God otherwise willed to create are prevented from being born. In addition, a Quiverfull adherent was quoted in the 2001
987:
is routinely cited by Quiverfull adherents as providing an important theological justification for their movement. Provan was mentioned in a November 27, 2006, article about Quiverfull in
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maintains that, while children are indeed blessings, they are only one among a wide range of blessings God offers, and prayerfully choosing foci among them is part of prudent Christian
319:
in 1977) toward her discovery of happiness surrounding what she portrayed as the biblically mandated role of wives and mothers as bearers of children and workers in the home under the
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Likewise, some children who were raised in Quiverfull homes have grown up to speak out against the movement. In 2018, Eve Ettinger and Kieryn Darkwater started a podcast called
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expanded several years later, the informal networks gradually took on more organized forms as Quiverfull adherents developed numerous Quiverfull-oriented organizations, books,
116:
In addition, there are those who contend that Quiverfull's "internal growth" model is a manifestation of a broader trend which is reflected in the lifestyles of such groups as
1810:
2902:
787:, Pride clarified her position that it is primarily mothers, not fathers, who should teach girls about women's roles and duties. As Emily McGowin notes in her 2018 book
636:
as making this statement: "Children are made in God's image, and the enemy hates that image, so the more of them he can prevent from being born, the more he likes it."
438:
From their onset, Quiverfull ideas have sometimes had a polarizing effect among Christians who hold to them and Christians who are skeptical of or disagree with them.
342:
which (in her view) was promoted by "the feminist agenda" by which she had formerly lived. Pride's explanations then became a spearheading basis of Quiverfull.
95:, and elsewhere. One 2006 estimate put the number of families which subscribe to this philosophy as ranging from "the thousands to the low tens of thousands".
3042:
2194:
Biggar, R.J. & M. Melbye (1997). "Debating the Merits of Patriarchy: Discursive Disputes over Spousal Authority among Evangelicial Family Commentators".
1878:
1339:
Joe Woodward (Mar 31, 2001). "The godliness of fertility: A growing Protestant movement is rediscovering the sanctification available in large families".
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Quiverfull authors and adherents express their core motivation as a desire to obey God's commandments as stated in the Bible. Among these commandments, "
3057:
2512:
2370:
2323:
1829:
1579:
Ellison, Christopher G. & Patricia Goodson (1997). "Conservative Protestantism and Attitudes toward Family Planning in a Sample of Seminarians".
832:
484:
50:
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2583:
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advocates for reversals, saying that sterilized couples have "cut off children" and should devote themselves instead to "raising up godly seed".
567:
unfruitful). ... All forms of sex that shy away from marital fruitfulness are perverted." Adherents believe that God himself controls via
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spent 16 years living the Quiverfull lifestyle and had seven children before leaving her husband and ultimately becoming an atheist. She told
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1396:
1371:
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41:
is a Christian theological position that sees large families as a blessing from God. It encourages procreation, abstaining from all forms of
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how many and how often children are conceived and born, pointing to Bible verses that describe God acting to "open and close the womb" (see
2931:
2937:
McKeown, John. "US Protestant natalist reception of Old Testament "fruitful verses": a critique." Liverpool University PhD thesis, 2011.
246:
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that her health was negatively affected by so many births and that over time, her husband became "a tyrant." Garrison founded the blog
831:. The couple advocates for Quiverfull ideas while providing funding, physician referrals, and support to Christians wishing to undergo
338:. These included verses which she interpreted as perpetuating her advocacy of compulsory childbearing and her opposition to the use of
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in which they discuss their experiences of being raised Quiverfull and connect the ideology to current events such as the election of
836:
673:
591:). Hess and Hess state that couples "just need to trust God to provide them with the perfect number of children for their situation."
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Political Demography: identity, conflict and institutions ed. J. A. Goldstone, E. Kaufmann and M. Toft. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Press
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are thus "rejecting God's blessings" he might otherwise give and possibly breaking his commandment to "be fruitful and multiply."
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791:, however, " differentiates herself from these approaches without denying the underlying gender hierarchy and pronatalism."
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Samuel Owens considers the possibility that some aspects of a fallen universe may sometimes justify the option to use a
2536:"Ex-Christian Fellowship Center members call for clergy to be mandated child sexual abuse reporters in Potsdam protest"
1981:
113:
movements issued official statements against their use, citing their incompatibility with biblical beliefs and ideals.
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1038:
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Not all Quiverfull families and authors agree with each statement which was made by the movement's principal authors.
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Toft, Monica Duffy. 2011. "Wombfare: The Religious and Political Dimensions of Fertility and Demographic Change." in
416:
which were in accord with Pride's ideas and various small publications and a few Quiverfull-oriented books appeared.
794:
Quiverfull authors typically organize family governance to reflect an "umbrella of protection" with the mother as a
958:
595:
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has said, "it is okay to place less emphasis on some good activities in order to focus on other good activities."
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Old Colony Mennonites in Argentina and Bolivia: Nation Making, Religious Conflict and Imagination of the Future
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32:
24:
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Adams C, Leverland M (1986). "The effects of religious beliefs on the health care practices of the Amish".
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in Finland). Many are thriving as seculars and moderates have transitioned to below-replacement fertility.
3047:
873:
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Mesaros-Winckles, Christy (2010). "TLC and the Fundamentalist Family: A Televised Quiverfull of Babies".
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627:
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335:
320:
145:
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Goldschneider, Calvin & William D. Mosher (1988). "Religious Affiliation and Contraceptive Usage".
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Revised as book God's Babies: Natalism and Bible Interpretation in Modern America, OpenBook, 2014.
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in all its forms is seen as inconsistent with this attitude and is thus entirely avoided, as is
2845:. Audio files of Provan's complete book available by searching with his name at sermonaudio.com
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2279:"The Bible and Family Planning: An Answer to Charles Provan's "The Bible and Birth Control""
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127:3–5, where many children are metaphorically referred to as the arrows in a full quiver.
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Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth: Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century
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Some Quiverfull adherents base their rejection of birth control upon the belief that the
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As birth-control methods advanced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many
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Quiverfull's principal authors and its adherents also describe their motivation as a
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339:
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169:
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76:
42:
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127:3–5, where many children are metaphorically referred to as the arrows in a full
19:"Quiverful", "Quiver full", and "Full quiver" redirect here. For the container, see
2967:
1755:
1614:
Marcum, John P. (1981). "Explaining Fertility Differences among U.S. Protestants".
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Quivering Families: The Quiverfull Movement and Evangelical Theology of the Family
2146:
Quivering Families: The Quiverfull Movement and Evangelical Theology of the Family
882:'s Desiring God Ministries has published some comments that relate to Quiverfull:
292:
In her book, Pride chronicled her metaphorical journey away from what she labeled
257:
2938:
2842:
2754:
Love Your Husband/Love Yourself: Embracing God's Purpose for Passion in Marriage.
2099:"Homeschool World: Practical Homeschooling Articles: Patriarchy, Meet Matriarchy"
1865:
1447:
1027:, an author, speaker, and mother of 10 children. Nancy and her husband Colin run
900:
Some women who have left the Quiverfull movement are now vocally critical of it.
1348:
1081:
970:
763:
710:
649:
278:
197:
137:
133:
88:
3000:
2346:"The Women Fighting Back Against the Christian Cult that Forbids Birth Control"
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2584:"An insular 'Quiverfull' church in New York's North Country faces a reckoning"
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989:
950:
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2371:"What It's Like to Escape the Christian Fundamentalist 'Quiverfull' Movement"
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706:
301:
129:
84:
2903:
Women’s Liberation Through Submission: An Evangelical Anti-Feminism Is Born
2490:"Former 'Quiverfull' church members push the needle on New York's CARE Act"
2297:
2059:
676:. These aspects of a fallen universe include serious illnesses, inevitable
2959:
1560:
1496:
Allen, James E. (1976). "Family Planning Attitudes of Seminary Students".
1433:
1286:
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1021:. Sproul Jr. and his wife, Denise, had eight children before Denise died.
460:
420:
305:
293:
232:
161:
69:
2925:"Quivering Daughters: Hope and Healing for the Daughters of Patriarchy".
2394:
1461:
Campbell, Flann (Nov 1960). "Birth Control and the Christian Churches".
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in 2009, as well as in the afterword to the 25th-anniversary edition of
2215:
1635:
1600:
1552:
1517:
1482:
1153:"The Value of Children (11 July 2002 FamilyLife Today Radio Broadcast)"
997:
topics. Before Provan's death in 2007, he and his wife had 10 children.
803:
750:, so that the return of fertility after childbirth could be delayed by
533:
428:
324:
68:, while other sources have simply referred to it as a manifestation of
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2438:
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continual "openness to children," that is to say, engaging in routine
3001:"The Quiverfull: The evangelical Christians opposed to contraception"
1032:
858:
729:
681:
413:
409:
262:
80:
58:
54:
20:
2513:"New York debates whether clergy should be required to report abuse"
2207:
1627:
1592:
1544:
1509:
1474:
977:, and Quiverfull. Phillips and his wife, Beall, have seven children.
1189:
Be Fruitful and Multiply: What the Bible Says about Having Children
603:
2655:
816:
607:
532:
514:
256:
244:
201:
165:
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and other similar contraceptives as unacceptable abortifacients.
2924:
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2230:
2123:(25th anniversary ed.). Fenton, Missouri: Home Life Books.
772:
Quiverfull authors and adherents advocate for and seek to model
599:
495:
According to journalist Kathryn Joyce, writing in the magazine
930:, an advocacy group for survivors of the Quiverfull community
273:
began to emerge. Nancy Campbell began publishing her magazine
2985:
1734:
Goodman, Patricia (1997). "Protestants and Family Planning".
931:
1013:
and the son of the noted Reformed theologian and founder of
435:. The largely decentralized "Quiverfull" movement resulted.
1028:
1024:
2768:
A Full Quiver: Family Planning and the Lordship of Christ.
927:
1128:
A Full Quiver: Family Planning and the Lordship of Christ
539:
A Full Quiver: Family Planning and the Lordship of Christ
64:
Some sources have referred to the Quiverfull position as
1814:
1257:
Open Embrace: A Protestant Couple Rethinks Contraception
961:. From 1998 to 2013, Doug Phillips was the president of
330:
As the basis for her arguments, Pride selected numerous
261:
The Christian Quiverfull movement derives its name from
2770:
Wolgemuth & Hyatt Publishers, Brentwood, TN: 1990.
610:) are un-rescinded biblical commandments. For example,
1283:"Back to the Future: The Growing Movement of Natalism"
2713:(children's book). Monument Pub., Monument, CO: 2007.
851:
The movement has been criticized by journalists from
2910:
Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement
2866:
Books which advocate Quiverfull as a secondary focus
1653:
Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement
513:), and certain Christian denominations (such as the
2231:"Blessed Arrows: A Sterilization Reversal Ministry"
674:
non–potentially abortive birth control method
622:Quiverfull advocates such as Rick and Jan Hess and
374:but they shall speak with the enemies in the gate.
370:
Happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them:
735:Proponents of the Quiverfull movement also regard
602:Bible passages to "be fruitful and multiply" (see
2875:. B&H Publishing Group, Nashville, TN: 2002.
758:Family organization, homeschooling, homesteading
2813:The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality.
993:. He also authored books and articles on other
355:
345:The name of the Quiverfull movement comes from
2654:. Highlands Study Center. 2007. Archived from
2628:Bound for Glory: God's Promise for Your Family
2121:The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality
1866:http://www.jesus-passion.com/contraception.htm
1696:The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality
829:Blessed Arrows Sterilization Reversal Ministry
287:The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality
251:The Way Home: Beyond Feminism, Back to Reality
2395:"Raising an army for Christ | Andrew Purcell"
1574:
1572:
1570:
1254:Torode, Sam and Bethany; et al. (2002).
965:, a now-defunct organization which advocated
827:Quiverfull adherents Brad and Dawn Irons run
8:
2196:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
2075:"How can a wife help preserve her marriage?"
2026:"Contraceptive failure in the United States"
1581:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
724:with no attempt to limit the possibility of
269:In the 20th century, Quiverfull as a modern
128:) and certain Christians including Orthodox
2558:"The Quiverfull Families Next Door: Part 1"
2253:"Inside the world's most women-hating cult"
196:topics as part of its local variant of the
1982:"Quiverfull: More Children For God's Army"
1334:
1332:
896:Criticism from former Quiverfull adherents
366:As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man;
2049:
1843:
1841:
1387:Bottos, Lorenzo Cañás (31 January 2008).
253:(1985), promotes the Quiverfull movement.
2887:Sources which are critical of Quiverfull
2831:Zimmer Printing, Monongahela, PA: 1989.
2465:"What It Was Like to Grow Up Quiverfull"
1911:
1909:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
396:Consolidation and growth of the movement
364:and the fruit of the womb is his reward.
334:in order to lay out what she saw as the
192:with regard to contraception, and other
2947:Journal of Religion and Popular Culture
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1099:
742:Some Quiverfull adherents advocate for
2756:Prescott Publishing, Tyler, TX: 2010.
2704:Books advocating a Quiverfull position
2316:"Does the Bible permit birth control?"
2171:"What is an "umbrella of protection"?"
1723:. ABC News Nightline. January 3, 2006.
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
168:, to concerns which were expressed by
152:), some traditional Methodists of the
2892:Ettinger, Eve, and Kieryn Darkwater.
2742:Vision Forum, San Antonio, TX: 2003.
1864:. Quote and its chapter available at
1699:. Wheaton, IL: Good News Publishers.
358:Lo, children are an heritage of the L
53:. The movement derives its name from
7:
2934:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2018.
2718:The Family: God's Weapon for Victory
2006:. Pharmacists For Life International
1852:. Monongahela, PA: Zimmer Printing.
1364:Mennonite Women in Canada: A History
408:. Around this time, numerous church
404:, her ideas spread through informal
3043:Evangelicalism in the United States
2798:Crossway Books, Wheaton, IL: 1990.
2534:Grindon, Lucy (September 8, 2022).
2042:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.021
1297:(originally published by CBN News,
1130:. Brentwood, TN: Hyatt Publishers.
1087:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
861:and a demeaning approach to women.
208:Anglican allowance of birth control
27:. For the fictional character, see
2912:. Beacon Press, Boston, MA: 2009.
2815:Good News Pub, Wheaton, IL: 1985.
2175:Institute in Basic Life Principles
2079:Institute in Basic Life Principles
1980:Kathryn Joyce (30 November 2006).
1813:. London: Profile Books. Also see
1155:. FamilyLife Today. Archived from
837:Institute in Basic Life Principles
304:(within which she had lived as an
176:about a higher birth rate amongst
14:
3038:Conservatism in the United States
3028:Christian new religious movements
2854:Xulon Press, Longwood, FL: 2004.
2784:Xulon Press, Longwood, FL: 2006.
2582:Post, Kathryn (August 25, 2022).
2511:Post, Kathryn (3 February 2023).
1657:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp.
1227:Kathryn Joyce (9 November 2006).
715:Protestant views on contraception
400:After the publication of Pride's
3058:Religious views on birth control
2463:Mathieu, Jennifer (2015-05-27).
2251:Kate Graham (24 November 2015).
1426:10.1097/00006205-198603000-00008
1366:. University of Manitoba Press.
1062:Christian views on contraception
1041:, known for the reality TV show
2852:Birthing God's Mighty Warriors.
2608:. Vision Forum Ministries. 2006
2148:. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
1959:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.
1160:(Transcript of radio broadcast)
865:Criticism from other Christians
158:Laestadian Lutherans of Finland
16:Pro-natalist Christian movement
2369:Thompson, Tiffy (2016-07-16).
2344:Brethour, Dylan (2016-10-21).
2322:. Desiring God. Archived from
2144:McGowin, Emily Hunter (2018).
1918:Birthing God's Mighty Warriors
1736:Journal of Religion and Health
1287:Christian Broadcasting Network
1260:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
823:Sterilization reversal surgery
154:conservative holiness movement
23:. For the 1980 anthology, see
1:
2796:Letting God Plan Your Family.
2728: ; Sentinel Press 2002.
2720:. Winepress Publishing 1996.
2488:Post, Kathryn (17 May 2023).
1955:Owen, Jr., Samuel A. (1990).
1920:. Longwood, FL: Xulon Press.
1886:American Life League Magazine
1362:Epp, Marlene (15 July 2011).
857:for what they perceive to be
368:so are children of the youth.
164:such as is the case with the
79:but it also has adherents in
75:It is most widespread in the
2971:blog (originally created by
2829:The Bible and Birth Control.
2538:. North Country Public Radio
2004:"QuiverFull Pill Fact Sheet"
1957:Letting God Plan Your Family
1498:Review of Religious Research
1311:Brooks, David (2004-12-07).
431:, and digests, most notably
2314:Desiring God Staff (2006).
1888:. Sept.-Oct. Archived from
1850:The Bible and Birth Control
1848:Provan, Charles D. (1989).
1313:"The New Red-Diaper Babies"
1126:Hess, Rick and Jan (1990).
1039:Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar
985:The Bible and Birth Control
932:Christian Fellowship Center
3079:
2709:Adams, Shelly and Morgan.
2626:Sproul, R. C. Jr. (2003).
1942:"Enjoying YOUR Quiverfull"
1533:Studies in Family Planning
761:
704:
372:they shall not be ashamed,
230:
224:
102:
18:
2841:Chapter of Provan's book
2740:Be Fruitful and Multiply.
688:in a dangerous location.
652:as a usurpation of God's
491:Population and demography
249:Mary Pride's first book,
3018:Christian fundamentalism
3003:. BBC News. 17 May 2013.
2991:Video feeds of ABC News
2652:"Highlands Study Center"
2277:James B. Jordan (1993).
1879:"Blessings by the Dozen"
1877:Robben, Donetta (2006).
1187:Campbell, Nancy (2003).
701:Non-use of contraception
453:be fruitful and multiply
425:electronic mailing lists
317:evangelical Christianity
221:Early Quiverfull authors
105:History of birth control
2586:. Religion News Service
2492:. Religion News Service
2024:Trussell J (May 2011).
1748:10.1023/A:1027437310363
1649:Joyce, Kathryn (2009).
963:Vision Forum Ministries
955:U.S. Constitution Party
781:Practical Homeschooling
481:natural family planning
349:, which Pride cited in
150:Conservative Mennonites
47:natural family planning
33:Quiver (disambiguation)
25:A Quiver Full of Arrows
2927:Darklight Press, 2010.
1916:Scott, Rachel (2004).
1809:Kaufmann, Eric. 2011.
1151:Dennis Rainey (2002).
893:
752:lactational amenorrhea
650:infertility treatments
620:
560:
542:
537:The cover of the 1990
385:
336:biblical role of women
266:
254:
111:conservative Christian
51:sterilization reversal
31:. For other uses, see
3033:Christian terminology
2960:10.3138/jrpc.22.3.007
2794:Owen, Jr., Samuel A.
2606:"About the President"
2320:Questions and Answers
2233:. Brad and Dawn Irons
2229:Brad and Dawn Irons.
2119:Pride, Mary (2010) .
1791:Gen 20:18;29:31;30:22
1391:. BRILL. p. 81.
1281:Strand, Paul (2006).
1019:Robert Charles Sproul
884:
684:or serving as career
616:
556:
541:by Rick and Jan Hess.
536:
433:The Quiverfull Digest
260:
248:
146:Old Colony Mennonites
99:Historical background
2923:McFarland, Hillary.
2766:Hess, Rick and Jan.
2752:Flanders, Jennifer.
2169:admin (2011-10-11).
2073:admin (2011-10-08).
1721:The More the Holier?
1693:Pride, Mary (1985).
1229:"Arrows for the War"
1043:19 Kids and Counting
523:Laestadian Lutherans
184:which was issued by
3063:Social conservatism
3023:Christian movements
2968:No Longer Quivering
2873:A Mom Just Like You
2677:"Ministry Overview"
2439:"About the Podcast"
2419:No Longer Quivering
2002:Patrick McCrystal.
1301:September 24, 2008)
1015:Ligonier Ministries
967:biblical patriarchy
910:No Longer Quivering
777:biblical patriarchy
737:contraceptive pills
2895:Kitchen Table Cult
2826:Provan, Charles D.
2782:Family UNplanning.
2711:Arrows in His Hand
2630:. Crossway Books.
2443:Kitchen Table Cult
1984:. RH Reality Check
1832:2017-02-26 at the
1463:Population Studies
1162:on October 1, 2005
918:Kitchen Table Cult
835:reversal surgery.
789:Quivering Families
722:sexual intercourse
678:Caesarean sections
624:Rachel Giove Scott
543:
271:Christian movement
267:
255:
214:Lambeth Conference
2790:978-1-60034-851-8
2780:Houghton, Craig.
2738:Campbell, Nancy.
2716:Andrews, Robert.
2515:. Washington Post
2101:. Home-school.com
1769:Gen 1:22;8:17;9:1
1420:(3): 58, 63, 67.
1398:978-90-474-3063-6
1373:978-0-88755-410-0
1033:Trim Healthy Mama
1001:R. C. Sproul, Jr.
981:Charles D. Provan
938:Notable adherents
665:Minority doctrine
626:believe that the
612:Charles D. Provan
550:Majority doctrine
473:missionary effort
467:Missionary effort
188:'s government in
186:Nicolae Ceaușescu
29:Barchester Towers
3070:
3004:
2963:
2930:McGowin, Emily.
2908:Joyce, Kathryn.
2901:Joyce, Kathryn.
2871:Farris, Vickie.
2692:
2691:
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1123:
854:Glamour Magazine
596:Genesis creation
447:Obedience to God
383:
361:
174:Northern Ireland
3078:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2982:
2973:Vyckie Garrison
2943:
2889:
2868:
2850:Scott, Rachel.
2706:
2701:
2699:Further reading
2696:
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1834:Wayback Machine
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1510:10.2307/3509598
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1475:10.2307/2172010
1460:
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1448:"Contraception"
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959:Howard Phillips
953:and the son of
940:
902:Vyckie Garrison
898:
870:James B. Jordan
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703:
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644:Adherents view
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142:Old Order Amish
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66:providentialism
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3006:
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2997:
2988:
2986:QuiverFull.Com
2981:
2980:External links
2978:
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2843:available here
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2762:978-0982626900
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2303:on 2008-10-31.
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2016:
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585:1 Samuel 1:5-6
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225:Main article:
222:
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148:, and certain
136:, traditional
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971:creationism
874:stewardship
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640:Infertility
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308:before her
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