1067:, designs. Integrated designs are complicated by the different nozzle requirements of the boost and ramjet flight phases. Due to the booster's higher thrust levels, a differently shaped nozzle is required for optimum thrust compared to that required for the lower thrust ramjet sustainer. This is usually achieved via a separate nozzle, which is ejected after booster burnout. However, designs such as Meteor feature nozzleless boosters. This offers the advantages of elimination of the hazard to launch aircraft from the boost debris, simplicity, reliability, and reduced mass and cost, although this must be traded against the reduction in performance of a dedicated booster nozzle.
797:
1121:(range of flight conditions), such as low to high speeds and low to high altitudes, can force significant design compromises, and they tend to work best optimised for one designed speed and altitude (point designs). However, ramjets generally outperform gas turbine-based jet engine designs and work best at supersonic speeds (Mach 2–4). Although inefficient at slower speeds, they are more fuel-efficient than rockets over their entire useful working range up to at least Mach 6 (2,000 m/s; 7,400 km/h).
1383:
963:
505:
assessment described the
Kawasaki ram jet's centrifugal fuel disperser as the company's "most outstanding accomplishment ... eliminat a large amount of the fuel injection system normally employed." Because of excessive vibration, the engine was only intended for use in rocket, or catapult-launched pilotless aircraft. Preparations for flight testing ended with the Japanese surrender in August 1945.
1156:
40:
1148:
428:
695:
419:, but the proposal was rejected. After World War I, FonĂł returned to the subject. In May 1928 he described an "air-jet engine" which he described as suitable for high-altitude supersonic aircraft, in a German patent application. In an additional patent application, he adapted the engine for subsonic speed. The patent was granted in 1932 (German Patent No. 554,906, 1932-11-02).
1391:
1473:(epr) has fallen to one. The turbo afterburner then acts as a ramburner. The intake ram pressure is present at entry to the afterburner but is no longer augmented with a pressure rise from the turbomachinery. Further increase in speed introduces a pressure loss due to the presence of the turbomachinery as the epr drops below one.
555:
1124:
The performance of conventional ramjets falls off above Mach 6 due to dissociation and pressure loss caused by shock as the incoming air is slowed to subsonic velocities for combustion. In addition, the combustion chamber's inlet temperature increases to very high values, approaching the dissociation
1042:
A ramjet generates no static thrust and needs a booster to achieve a forward velocity high enough for efficient operation of the intake system. The first ramjet-powered missiles used external boosters, usually solid-propellant rockets, either in tandem, where the booster is mounted immediately aft of
1018:
In a liquid fuel ramjet (LFRJ), hydrocarbon fuel (typically) is injected into the combustor ahead of a flameholder. The flameholder stabilises the flame with the compressed air from the intake(s). A means of pressurizing and supplying the fuel to the ramcombustor is required, which can be complicated
989:
is extremely high, the engine/airframe combination tends to accelerate to higher and higher flight speeds, substantially increasing the air intake temperature. As this could damage the engine and/or airframe integrity, the fuel control system must reduce fuel flow to stabilize speed and, thereby, air
1093:
In a ducted rocket, a solid fuel gas generator produces a hot fuel-rich gas which is burnt in the ramcombustor with the compressed air supplied by the intake(s). The flow of gas improves the mixing of the fuel and air and increases total pressure recovery. In a throttleable ducted rocket, also known
1033:
designed an LFRJ where the fuel is forced into the injectors by an elastomer bladder that inflates progressively along the length of the fuel tank. Initially, the bladder forms a close-fitting sheath around the compressed air bottle from which it is inflated, which is mounted lengthwise in the tank.
1257:
in the air intake, simultaneously heating the fuel and cooling the incoming air. This cooling is critical to efficient operation. The hydrogen then continues through a second heat exchanger position after the combustion section, where the hot exhaust is used to further heat the hydrogen, turning it
1186:
are similar to ramjets, but the air flows through the combustor at supersonic speed. This increases the pressure recovered from the streaming air and improves net thrust. Thermal choking of the exhaust is avoided by having a relatively high supersonic air velocity at combustor entry. Fuel injection
1166:
and ramjet engines. The turboramjet is a hybrid engine that essentially consists of a turbojet mounted inside a ramjet. The turbojet core is mounted inside a duct that contains a combustion chamber downstream of the turbojet nozzle. The turboramjet can be run in turbojet mode at takeoff and during
935:
during turns. Other flame stabilization techniques make use of flame holders, which vary in design from combustor cans to flat plates, to shelter the flame and improve fuel mixing. Over-fuelling the combustor can cause the final (normal) shock in the diffuser to be pushed forward beyond the intake
504:
Several ram jets were designed, built, and ground-tested at the
Kawasaki Aircraft Company's facility in Gifu during the Second World War. Company officials claimed, in December 1945, that these domestic initiatives were uninfluenced by parallel German developments. One post-war U.S. intelligence
1480:
with an epr=0.9 at Mach 3.2. The thrust required, airflow and exhaust temperature, to reach this speed came from a standard method for increasing airflow through a compressor running at low corrected speeds, compressor bleed, and being able to increase the afterburner temperature as a result of
898:
For higher supersonic speeds the pressure loss through the shock wave becomes prohibitive and a protruding spike or cone is used to produce oblique shock waves in front of a final normal shock that occurs at the inlet entrance lip. The diffuser in this case consists of two parts, the supersonic
647:, which was equipped with hundreds of nuclear armed ramjet missiles with a range of several hundred miles. It was powered by the same engines as the AQM-60, but with improved materials to endure longer flight times. The system was withdrawn in the 1970s as the threat from bombers subsided.
993:
Due to the stoichiometric combustion temperature, efficiency is usually good at high speeds (around Mach 2 – Mach 3, 680–1,000 m/s, 2,500–3,700 km/h, 1,500–2,300 mph), whereas at low speeds the relatively low pressure means the ramjets are outperformed by
1315:
heated the air. The ramjet was predicted to be able to fly at supersonic speeds for months. Because the reactor was unshielded, it was dangerous to anyone in or around the vehicle flight path (although its exhaust wasn't radioactive). The project was ultimately cancelled because
902:
At higher speeds still, part of the supersonic diffusion has to take place internally, requiring external and internal oblique shock waves. The final normal shock has to occur in the vicinity of a minimum flow area known as the throat, which is followed by the subsonic diffuser.
1051:. The choice of booster arrangement is usually driven by the size of the launch platform. A tandem booster increases the length of the system, whereas wraparound boosters increase the diameter. Wraparound boosters typically generate higher drag than a tandem arrangement.
911:
As with other jet engines, the combustor raises the air temperature by burning fuel. This takes place with a small pressure loss. The air velocity entering the combustor has to be low enough such that continuous combustion can take place in sheltered zones provided by
887:
The diffuser converts the high velocity of the air approaching the intake into high (static) pressure required for combustion. High combustion pressures minimize wasted thermal energy that appears in the exhaust gases (by reducing entropy rise during heat addition).
1085:
In a solid fuel integrated rocket ramjet (SFIRR), the solid fuel is cast along the outer wall of the ramcombustor. In this case, fuel injection is through ablation of the propellant by the hot compressed air from the intake(s). An aft mixer may be used to improve
537:
of DFL proposed a ramjet engine with a high combustion chamber temperature. He constructed large ramjet pipes with 500 millimetres (20 in) and 1,000 millimetres (39 in) diameter and carried out combustion tests on lorries and on a special test rig on a
895:-type opening for the inlet. This is followed by a widening internal passage (subsonic diffuser) to achieve a lower subsonic velocity that is required at the combustor. At low supersonic speeds a normal (planar) shock wave forms in front of the inlet.
981:
Although ramjets have been run as slow as 45 metres per second (160 km/h; 100 mph), below about Mach 0.5 (170 m/s; 610 km/h; 380 mph) they give little thrust and are highly inefficient due to their low pressure ratios.
415:, comprising a gun-launched projectile united with a ramjet propulsion unit, thus giving a long range from relatively low muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. FonĂł submitted his invention to the
2528:
835:
The first part of a ramjet is its diffuser (compressor) in which the forward motion of the ramjet is used to raise the pressure of its working fluid (air) as required for combustion. Air is compressed, heated by combustion and expanded in a
931:. Normally, the combustor must be capable of operating over a wide range of throttle settings, matching flight speeds and altitudes. Usually, a sheltered pilot region enables combustion to continue when the vehicle intake undergoes high
1081:
A slight variation on the ramjet uses the supersonic exhaust from a rocket combustion process to compress and react with the incoming air in the main combustion chamber. This has the advantage of giving thrust even at zero speed.
1215:; also called oblique detonation wave engine; also called standing oblique detonation ramjet (sodramjet); or simply referred to as shock-ramjet engine) is a concept of air-breathing ramjet engine, proposed to be used for
458:, the R-3. He developed the first ramjet engine for use as an auxiliary motor of an aircraft, the DM-1. The world's first ramjet-powered airplane flight took place in December 1940, using two DM-2 engines on a modified
655:
In April 2020, the U.S. Department of
Defense and the Norwegian Ministry of Defense jointly announced their partnership to develop advanced technologies applicable to long range high-speed and hypersonic weapons. The
399:, who was granted a patent (FR290356) for his device. Attempts to build a prototype failed due to inadequate materials. His patent showed a piston internal combustion engine with added 'trumpets' as exhaust nozzles.
1090:. SFIRRs are preferred over LFRJs for some applications because of the simplicity of the fuel supply, but only when the throttling requirements are minimal, i.e. when variations in altitude or speed are limited.
1054:
Integrated boosters provide a more efficient packaging option, since the booster propellant is cast inside the otherwise empty combustor. This approach has been used on solid-fuel ramjets (SFRJ), for example
466:
PVRD fighter during World War II. In 1940, the
Kostikov-302 experimental plane was designed, powered by a liquid fuel rocket for take-off and ramjet engines for flight. That project was cancelled in 1944.
2640:
709:
project was supposed to equip the country with a long range ramjet powered air defense against bombers, but the system was cancelled. It was replaced by a shorter range ramjet missile system called the
1258:
into a high pressure gas. This gas is then passed through the tips of the fan to provide driving power to the fan at subsonic speeds. After mixing with the air, it is burned in the combustion chamber.
1159:
Recreated schematic of an air turboramjet, featuring; 1. compressor, 2. gearbox, 3. hydrogen and oxygen lines, 4. gas generator, 5. turbine, 6. ram burner fuel injector, 7. main combustor, 8. nozzle
447:, and was fueled with hydrogen. The GIRD-08 phosphorus-fueled ramjet was tested by firing it from an artillery cannon. These shells may have been the first jet-powered projectiles to break the
443:'s 3rd Brigade, carried out research. The first engine, the GIRD-04, was designed by I.A. Merkulov and tested in April 1933. To simulate supersonic flight, it was fed by air compressed to 200
874:. It produces thrust when stationary because the high-velocity air required to produce compressed air (i.e., ram air in a ramjet) is produced by the spinning rotor blades in the compressor.
1337:
On 1 March 2018 President
Vladimir Putin announced a nuclear-powered ramjet cruise missile capable of extended long range flight. It was designated 9M730 "Burevestnik" (Petrel) and has the
542:
Z at flight speeds of up to 200 metres per second (720 km/h). Later, as petrol became scarce in
Germany, tests were carried out with blocks of pressed coal dust as a fuel (see e.g.
299:
2243:
Procinsky, I.M., McHale, C.A., "Nozzleless
Boosters for Integral-Rocket-Ramjet Missile Systems, Paper 80-1277, AIAA/SAE/ASME 16th Joint Propulsion Conference, 30 June to 2 July 1980.
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oxygen produced by the sun through photochemistry. A concept was created by NASA for recombining this (thin) gas back to diatomic molecules at orbital speeds to power a ramjet.
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2034:
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shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel 35 km (22 mi). They have been used, though not efficiently, as
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1450:
occurs, which provides thrust to counter the drag created by the funnel and energy to power the magnetic field. The
Bussard ramjet can thus be seen as a ramjet variant of a
1918:
2626:
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as a variable flow ducted rocket, a valve allows the gas generator exhaust to be throttled allowing thrust control. Unlike an LFRJ, solid propellant ramjets cannot
2613:
725:. It had a range of 65–130 kilometres (40–80 mi) and a speed of Mach 3. It was used successfully in combat against multiple types of aircraft during the
2421:"Update from a source: Russia's Burevestnik nuclear-powered cruise missile has a NATO designator — SSC-X-9 SKYFALL. (USIC also calls this missile the KY30.)"
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292:
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482:, but powered by ramjet instead of rocket. In 1954, NPO Lavochkin and the Keldysh Institute began development of a Mach 3 ramjet-powered cruise missile,
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using an enormous funnel-shaped magnetic field (ranging from kilometers to many thousands of kilometers in diameter); the hydrogen is compressed until
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777:
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751:
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An afterburning turbojet or bypass engine can be described as transitioning from turbo to ramjet mode if it can attain a flight speed at which the
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at a range of about 105 kilometres (65 mi). It was also used as a surface-to-surface weapon and was modified to destroy land-based radars.
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Artist's conception of a
Bussard ramjet. A major component of an actual ramjet – a miles-wide electromagnetic field – is invisible.
285:
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1890:
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of less than 600 seconds) until the airspeed exceeds 1,000 kilometres per hour (280 m/s; 620 mph) due to low compression ratios.
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3019:
2450:
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863:, it has no moving parts, other than the fuel pump (liquid-fuel). Solid-fuel ramjets are simpler still with no need for a fuel system.
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2403:
Application of the MITEE Nuclear Ramjet for Ultra Long Range Flyer
Missions in the Atmospheres of Jupiter and the Other Giant Planets
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1954:
1847:
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462:. Merkulov designed a ramjet fighter "Samolet D" in 1941, which was never completed. Two of his DM-4 engines were installed on the
1935:, Allied Technical Intelligence Group, Report No.258, 10 December 1945, Reel No. A7341, U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency.
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A variant of the ramjet is the 'combined cycle' engine, intended to overcome the ramjet's limitations. One example of this is the
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2286:
1342:
643:
Using technology proven by the AQM-60, In the late 1950s and early 1960s the US produced a widespread defense system called the
603:. The engine was 2.1 metres (7 ft) long and 510 millimetres (20 in) in diameter and was positioned below the missile.
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cooling the duct and nozzle using the air taken from the compressor rather than the usual, much hotter, turbine exhaust gas.
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672:
demonstrated a ramjet with rotating detonation combustion. It is a turbine-based combined-cycle engine that incorporates a
3335:
596:
844:. It is then passed through a nozzle to accelerate it to supersonic speeds. This acceleration gives the ramjet forward
2972:
1518:
1350:
625:, which was a long range surface-to-air missile fired from ships. It successfully shot down enemy fighters during the
591:" using different propulsion mechanisms, including ramjet propulsion on the Gorgon IV. The ramjet Gorgon IVs, made by
1812:
629:, and was the first ship-launched missile to destroy an enemy aircraft in combat. On 23 May 1968, a Talos fired from
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3155:
2967:
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was a small experimental ramjet that achieved Mach 5 (1,700 m/s; 6,100 km/h) for 200 seconds on the
715:
714:. The system was designed as a second line of defense in case attackers were able to bypass the fleet of defending
611:
256:
132:
89:
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https://www.avialogs.com/engines-w/wright/item/7732-xrj55-w-1ramjetaircraftenginecharacteristicssummary-16july1956
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credited this book with conceiving the ramjet, and as the first fictional example of rocket-powered space flight.
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In the 1960s the Royal Navy developed and deployed a ramjet powered surface to air missile for ships called the
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2822:
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328: 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to Mach 6 (4,600 mph; 7,400 km/h).
2500:
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2698:
2600:
January 1949, Popular Mechanics article that covers the USAF first experiment with ramjets on a P-80 fighter
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Above this speed, given sufficient initial flight velocity, a ramjet is self-sustaining. Unless the vehicle
331:
Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a small, simple mechanism for high-speed, such as
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31:
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that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at
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SSC-X-9 "Skyfall". On 9 August 2019, an explosion and release of radioactive material was recorded at the
1273:
1239:
1098:. The ducted rocket sits somewhere between the simplicity of the SFRJ and LFRJ's unlimited speed control.
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2035:"Tactical High-speed Offensive Ramjet for Extended Range (THOR-ER) Team Completes Ramjet Vehicle Test"
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This offers a lower-cost approach than a regulated LFRJ requiring a pump system to supply the fuel.
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2133:
2050:"Breakthrough Hypersonic Dual-Mode Ramjet with Rotating Detonation Combustion | NextBigFuture.com"
1323:
This type of engine could be used for the exploration of planetary atmospheres such as Jupiter's.
1010:
Ramjets can be classified according to the type of fuel, either liquid or solid; and the booster.
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2144:(4). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. April 1976 – via Internet Archive.
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Ramjet diffusers slow the incoming air to a subsonic velocity before it enters the combustor.
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diffuser, with shock waves external to the inlet, followed by the internal subsonic diffuser.
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1047:, or wraparound where multiple boosters are attached around the outside of the ramjet, e.g.
1044:
962:
948:
is a critical part of a ramjet design, since it accelerates exhaust flow to produce thrust.
669:
566:
Stovepipe (flying/flaming/supersonic) was a popular name for the ramjet during the 1950s in
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455:
321:
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72:
599:. The ramjet was designed at the University of Southern California and manufactured by the
335:. The US, Canada, and UK adopted ramjet-powered missile defenses in the 1960s, such as the
3259:
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2526:, Robert B. Abernethy, "Recover Bleed Air Turbojet", published October 3, 1967
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JIANG, Zonglin; ZHANG, Zijian; LIU, Yunfeng; WANG, Chun; LUO, Changtong (1 March 2021).
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Preliminary survey of propulsion using chemical energy stored in the upper atmosphere
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engine developed in Japan is an experimental implementation of this concept. It uses
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In the late 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, the UK developed several ramjet missiles.
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In the Soviet Union, a theory of supersonic ramjet engines was presented in 1928 by
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2305:"Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification"
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low-speed flight but then switch to ramjet mode to accelerate to high Mach numbers.
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2225:"Aérospatiale studies low-cost ramjet", Flight International, 13–19 December 1995.
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engine, which uses a precooler, behind which is the ramjet and turbine machinery.
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1345:. Recovery efforts were underway to raise a test article that had landed in the
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ramjet modified for display purposes. Two Thor engines were used on the Bristol
626:
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518:
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62:
1303:, the United States designed and ground-tested a nuclear-powered ramjet called
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engine which employs relatively complex and expensive spinning turbomachinery.
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39:
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2304:
2234:"Hughes homes in on missile pact", Flight International, 11–17 September 1996.
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Research at Kawasaki Aircraft Co., Gifu, Japan, including Ram-Jet Type Engines
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The air turboramjet engine is a combined cycle engine that merges aspects of
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771:. The U.S. Navy would not allow Zwicky to publicly discuss his invention,
660:
program completed a solid fuel ramjet (SFRJ) vehicle test in August 2022.
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is often into a sheltered region below a step in the combustor wall. The
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The US Navy developed a series of air-to-air missiles under the name of "
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1727:
McNab, Chris; Keeter, Hunter (2008). "Death from a Distance Artillery".
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The upper atmosphere above about 100 kilometres (62 mi) contains
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fuel in a single-fan arrangement. The liquid fuel is pumped through a
782:
is for the Underwater Jet, a ram jet that performs in a fluid medium.
2877:
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999:
952:
856:
845:
1349:
during testing in 2018 when the nuclear power source of the missile
1548:, design, to use Wright J67 turbojet + RJ55-W-1 ramjet, never built
580:
The simplicity implied by the name came from a comparison with the
562:, the first production ramjet to enter service with the US military
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343:. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in
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2163:. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 2.
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Tactical High-speed Offensive Ramjet for Extended Range (THOR-ER)
2451:"Russian nuclear engineers buried after 'Skyfall nuclear' blast"
1780:
1635:
1630:
1317:
1106:
Ramjets generally give little or no thrust below about half the
927:
of the order of 2,400 K (2,130 °C; 3,860 °F) for
819:
reached Mach 2.19 (745 m/s; 2,680 km/h) in 1958.
440:
3144:
3140:
2622:
606:
In the early 1950s the US developed a Mach 4+ ramjet under the
812:
was one of the first ramjet-powered aircraft to fly, in 1949.
522:
2542:
https://www.afmc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2059217/
2134:"Propulsive Efficiency from an Energy Utilization Standpoint"
1988:"Propulsive Efficiency from an Energy Utilization Standpoint"
1494:, X-7 derived target vehicles using Marquardt XRJ43-MA ramjet
1019:
and expensive. This propulsion system was first perfected by
621:
In the late 1950s the US Navy introduced a system called the
1945:
Hirschel, Ernst-Heinrich; Horst Prem; Gero Madelung (2004).
936:
lip, resulting in a substantial drop in airflow and thrust.
2614:
Extensive overview on ramjets and scramjets by French ONERA
2116:"Does Iran harbour high-speed anti-ship-missile ambitions?"
2157:"On the thermodynamic spectrum of airbreathing propulsion"
375:(1657) was the first of three satirical novels written by
1211:
A shock-induced combustion ramjet engine (abbreviated as
855:
because it needs only an air intake, a combustor, and a
43:
Simple ramjet operation, with Mach numbers of flow shown
2193:"A Century of Ramjet Propulsion Technology Evolution",
2502:
SR-71 Propulsion System P&W J58 Engine (JT11D-20)
1311:, used no combustion; a high-temperature, unshielded
546:), which were not successful due to slow combustion.
395:
The ramjet was worked out in 1913 by French inventor
371:
Comical History of the States and Empires of the Moon
1476:
A notable example was the propulsion system for the
3102:
3076:
3043:
3000:
2945:
2924:
2915:
2815:
2747:
2677:
2663:
454:In 1939, Merkulov did further ramjet tests using a
369:
L'Autre Monde: ou les États et Empires de la Lune (
3025:Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system (EICAS)
2284:"USAF vehicle breaks record for hypersonic flight"
1919:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
1728:
745:and holds many patents in jet propulsion. Patents
698:Upper engine is a ramjet on the Bloodhound missile
3058:Full Authority Digital Engine/Electronics (FADEC)
2120:The International Institute for Strategic Studies
851:A ramjet is much less complex than a turbojet or
1199:Standing oblique detonation ramjets (Sodramjets)
951:Subsonic ramjets accelerate exhaust flow with a
923:fuel:air ratios. This implies a combustor exit
411:devised a solution for increasing the range of
3015:Electronic centralised aircraft monitor (ECAM)
1731:Tools of Violence: Guns, Tanks and Dirty Bombs
3156:
2634:
2566:Hallion, Richard P. "The Soviet Stovepipes".
2477:by Lionel V. Baldwin and Perry L. Blackshear.
293:
8:
2572:, No. 9, February–May 1979, pp. 55–60.
2353:"High Speed Vehicle Propulsion System Group"
2609:Design notes on a ramjet-powered helicopter
3163:
3149:
3141:
3020:Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS)
2921:
2674:
2641:
2627:
2619:
2197:, Vol. 20, No. 1, January – February 2004.
1883:"Albert Fono: A Pioneer of Jet Propulsion"
1151:Original schematic of a turboramjet design
891:Subsonic and low-supersonic ramjets use a
300:
286:
46:
2328:
1998:(6). Cornell University: 163. March 1951.
1838:Zucker, Robert D.; Oscar Biblarz (2002).
1172:Supersonic-combustion ramjets (scramjets)
955:. Supersonic flight typically requires a
919:A ramjet combustor can safely operate at
2265:"Boeing: History – Chronology 2002–2004"
2114:Barrie Unlike, Douglas (13 March 2020).
1459:Ramjet mode for an afterburning turbojet
1381:
1719:
174:
61:
54:
614:. Further development resulted in the
521:. Theoretical work was carried out at
1438:. A fast moving spacecraft scoops up
1409:Transport hydrogen beside the payload
1307:. This system, intended for use in a
1117:Even above the minimum speed, a wide
610:program. This was developed into the
517:constructed a test engine powered by
7:
2195:AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power
1891:International Astronautical Congress
1320:seemed to serve the purpose better.
1125:limit at some limiting Mach number.
1071:Integral rocket ramjet/ducted rocket
788:magazine reported on Zwicky's work.
573:Aviation Week & Space Technology
379:that are considered among the first
1817:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
3301:Timeline of heat engine technology
1351:detonated and killed 5 researchers
595:, were tested in 1948 and 1949 at
25:
2591:NASA ramjet information and model
2419:Ankit Panda (20 November 2018).
2383:from the original on 3 March 2012
1970:Aviation Week (6 February 1950).
1776:"Here Comes the Flying Stovepipe"
1141:Air turborocket § Air turboramjet
1063:, and ducted rocket, for example
808:were notable. Leduc's Model, the
488:. This project competed with the
27:Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
2888:Thrust specific fuel consumption
2048:Wang, Brian (14 December 2023).
1947:Aeronautical Research in Germany
1788:26 November 1965. Archived from
1374:This section is an excerpt from
1343:State Central Navy Testing Range
1204:This section is an excerpt from
1139:This section is an excerpt from
2355:. J. P. Sislian. Archived from
2253:11.6 Performance of Jet Engines
1596:Orbital Sciences GQM-163 Coyote
576:and other publications such as
439:. Yuri Pobedonostsev, chief of
2937:Propeller speed reduction unit
2309:Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
1949:. Springer. pp. 242–243.
1823:Public Library. Archived from
870:uses a compressor driven by a
1:
2604:The Boeing Logbook: 2002–2004
1515:(a ramjet-powered helicopter)
737:Eminent Swiss astrophysicist
496:, but was cancelled in 1957.
2207:David Berry (4 March 2024).
2155:Builder, C. (29 June 1964).
1881:Gyorgy, Nagy Istvan (1977).
1840:Fundamentals of gas dynamics
1110:, and they are inefficient (
597:Naval Air Station Point Mugu
431:Kh-31 missile ramjet exhaust
407:In 1915, Hungarian inventor
2848:Engine pressure ratio (EPR)
1813:"Savien Cyrano de Bergerac"
1651:North American SM-64 Navaho
1519:Leduc experimental aircraft
1430:is a theoretical method of
957:convergent–divergent nozzle
679:rotating detonation engine;
476:long-range antipodal bomber
3357:
3115:Auxiliary power unit (APU)
2739:Rotating detonation engine
2270:November 14, 2011, at the
1913:Dugger, Gordon L. (1969).
1674:Index of aviation articles
1462:
1394:Bussard ramjet in motion.
1373:
1330:
1292:
1231:
1203:
1175:
1138:
1074:
716:English Electric Lightning
612:Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher
601:Marquardt Aircraft Company
257:Rotating detonation engine
29:
3309:
3296:
3278:
3178:
2330:10.1016/j.cja.2020.11.001
2213:The Canadian Encyclopedia
2095:. Time Inc. 14 March 1949
1263:Reaction Engines Scimitar
741:was research director at
2823:Aircraft engine starting
2073:. Time Inc. 11 July 1955
1973:Aviation Week 1950-02-06
1656:Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet
1478:Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
1223:propulsion applications.
804:In France, the works of
133:External thermal engines
90:Internal thermal engines
2699:Pulse detonation engine
2289:April 10, 2016, at the
1842:. John Wiley and Sons.
1694:Liquid air cycle engine
1465:Pratt & Whitney J58
1278:Reaction Engines Skylon
977:Performance and control
636:shot down a Vietnamese
318:airbreathing jet engine
252:Pulse detonation engine
32:Ramjet (disambiguation)
2893:Thrust to weight ratio
2863:Overall pressure ratio
2858:Jet engine performance
2777:Centrifugal compressor
2694:Gluhareff Pressure Jet
1737:Oxford, United Kingdom
1689:Jet engine performance
1559:Missiles using ramjets
1508:Focke-Wulf TriebflĂĽgel
1498:Focke-Wulf Super Lorin
1485:Aircraft using ramjets
1424:
1387:
1284:Nuclear-powered ramjet
1274:Reaction Engines SABRE
1160:
1152:
1059:, liquid, for example
973:
925:stagnation temperature
832:
801:
699:
563:
432:
240:Gluhareff Pressure Jet
44:
3243:Steam (reciprocating)
3130:Ice protection system
2898:Variable cycle engine
2868:Propulsive efficiency
1931:Capt. J. H. Gilmore,
1471:engine pressure ratio
1432:spacecraft propulsion
1403:Collect and compress
1393:
1385:
1265:was proposed for the
1221:single-stage-to-orbit
1158:
1150:
1088:combustion efficiency
1025:Marquardt Corporation
965:
830:
799:
697:
578:The Cornell Engineer.
557:
430:
417:Austro-Hungarian Army
42:
3336:Hungarian inventions
3030:Flight data recorder
2787:Constant speed drive
2767:Afterburner (reheat)
1992:The Cornell Engineer
1827:on 14 February 2015.
1581:Bloodhound (missile)
1531:, 1950 test vehicles
1448:thermonuclear fusion
1413:Thermonuclear fusion
1234:Precooled jet engine
1077:Air-augmented rocket
990:intake temperature.
218:Air-augmented rocket
30:For other uses, see
3312:Thermodynamic cycle
3223:Pistonless (Rotary)
3213:Photo-Carnot engine
2597:"Riding The Ramjet"
2499:Law, Peter (2013).
2321:2021ChJAn..34c..94J
2138:Journal of Aircraft
1444:interstellar medium
1436:interstellar travel
1399:Interstellar medium
1339:NATO reporting name
1031:AĂ©rospatiale-Celerg
1023:during her work at
838:thermodynamic cycle
480:Sänger-Bredt bomber
56:Aircraft propulsion
50:Part of a series on
2932:Propeller governor
2169:10.2514/6.1964-243
2161:1st Annual Meeting
1811:Liukkonen, Petri.
1641:Bendix RIM-8 Talos
1425:
1388:
1357:Ionospheric ramjet
1272:airliner, and the
1161:
1153:
974:
971:Bloodhound missile
833:
802:
700:
564:
433:
377:Cyrano de Bergerac
364:Cyrano de Bergerac
235:Valveless pulsejet
45:
3318:
3317:
3138:
3137:
3010:Annunciator panel
2996:
2995:
2911:
2910:
2802:Propelling nozzle
2359:on 21 March 2012.
2014:Weaponsystems.net
1868:enginehistory.org
1741:Osprey Publishing
1541:Nord 1500 Griffon
1503:Focke-Wulf Ta 283
1492:AQM-60 Kingfisher
1333:9M730 Burevestnik
1228:Precooled engines
1043:the ramjet, e.g.
946:propelling nozzle
866:By comparison, a
817:Nord 1500 Griffon
560:AQM-60 Kingfisher
478:, similar to the
322:supersonic speeds
310:
309:
152:Electric aircraft
16:(Redirected from
3348:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3125:Hydraulic system
3120:Bleed air system
3110:Air-start system
2973:Counter-rotating
2922:
2903:Windmill restart
2873:Specific impulse
2843:Compressor stall
2772:Axial compressor
2675:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2300:
2294:
2281:
2275:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2093:"Underwater Jet"
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1910:
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1872:
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1854:
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1835:
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1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1734:
1724:
1709:b:Jet Propulsion
1535:NHI H-3 Kolibrie
1112:specific impulse
831:A typical ramjet
781:
780:
776:
769:ram accelerators
766:
765:
761:
755:
754:
750:
670:General Electric
664:Dual-mode ramjet
472:Mstislav Keldysh
456:two-stage rocket
302:
295:
288:
247:Aerospike engine
176:Reaction engines
47:
21:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3305:
3292:
3274:
3174:
3169:
3139:
3134:
3098:
3081:
3072:
3068:Thrust reversal
3045:Engine controls
3039:
3002:
2992:
2968:Contra-rotating
2941:
2907:
2811:
2757:Accessory drive
2749:
2743:
2685:Air turborocket
2667:
2659:
2647:
2587:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2371:"Project Pluto"
2369:
2368:
2364:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:Wayback Machine
2282:
2278:
2272:Wayback Machine
2263:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1926:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1792:on 8 April 2008
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1679:Aircraft engine
1670:
1665:
1601:Hsiung Feng III
1561:
1556:
1552:Ĺ koda-Kauba P14
1546:Republic XF-103
1487:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1423:
1379:
1371:
1359:
1335:
1329:
1313:nuclear reactor
1297:
1291:
1286:
1251:liquid hydrogen
1236:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1209:
1201:
1193:X-51A Waverider
1180:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1144:
1136:
1134:Air turboramjet
1131:
1129:Related engines
1119:flight envelope
1104:
1079:
1073:
1040:
1016:
1008:
979:
942:
909:
885:
880:
825:
794:
778:
772:
763:
757:
752:
746:
735:
692:
666:
653:
568:trade magazines
552:
515:Hellmuth Walter
511:
502:
460:Polikarpov I-15
425:
405:
393:
385:Arthur C Clarke
381:science fiction
366:
361:
351:on the ends of
306:
213:Air turborocket
146:Electric motors
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3354:
3352:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3331:Ramjet engines
3323:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3265:Thermoacoustic
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2988:Variable-pitch
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:Constant-speed
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2670:jet propulsion
2661:
2660:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2586:
2585:External links
2583:
2582:
2581:
2569:Air Enthusiast
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2545:
2534:
2515:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2442:
2411:
2401:IAC-03-Q.4.09
2394:
2362:
2344:
2295:
2276:
2257:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:"Yvonne Brill"
2199:
2186:
2174:
2147:
2125:
2106:
2084:
2071:"Missed Swiss"
2062:
2040:
2026:
2001:
1979:
1962:
1955:
1937:
1924:
1905:
1873:
1864:"Lorin Ramjet"
1855:
1848:
1830:
1803:
1767:
1754:978-1846032257
1753:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1463:Main article:
1460:
1457:
1428:Bussard ramjet
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1380:
1376:Bussard ramjet
1372:
1370:
1369:Bussard ramjet
1367:
1358:
1355:
1331:Main article:
1328:
1325:
1309:cruise missile
1293:Main article:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1255:heat exchanger
1232:Main article:
1229:
1226:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1108:speed of sound
1103:
1100:
1075:Main article:
1072:
1069:
1039:
1036:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1004:
978:
975:
941:
938:
921:stoichiometric
908:
905:
884:
881:
879:
876:
824:
821:
793:
790:
734:
731:
691:
690:United Kingdom
688:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
665:
662:
652:
649:
551:
548:
544:Lippisch P.13a
510:
507:
501:
498:
494:Sergei Korolev
449:speed of sound
437:Boris Stechkin
424:
421:
404:
401:
392:
389:
365:
362:
360:
357:
308:
307:
305:
304:
297:
290:
282:
279:
278:
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276:
275:
274:
269:
259:
254:
249:
244:
243:
242:
237:
227:
222:
221:
220:
215:
208:Rocket-powered
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
179:
178:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
156:
155:
154:
143:
142:
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130:
129:
128:
127:
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121:
110:
105:
104:
103:
84:
83:
59:
58:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3353:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3271:
3270:Manson engine
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:Steam turbine
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Carnot engine
3181:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:Other systems
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:and induction
3079:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3035:Glass cockpit
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2989:
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2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
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2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Brayton cycle
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2807:Turbine blade
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
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2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
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2549:
2546:
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2535:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2487:Article title
2483:
2480:
2476:
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2456:
2455:aljazeera.com
2452:
2446:
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2318:
2315:(3): 94–104.
2314:
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2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:Ramjet Primer
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2110:
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2085:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2015:
2011:
2010:"RIM-8 Talos"
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1976:. p. 22.
1975:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1956:3-540-40645-X
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1921:. p. 15.
1920:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
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1859:
1856:
1851:
1849:0-471-05967-6
1845:
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1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
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1807:
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1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:CIM-10 Bomarc
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Lockheed D-21
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:Hiller Hornet
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
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1482:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1452:fusion rocket
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:Engine nozzle
1416:
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1408:
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1348:
1344:
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1334:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Project Pluto
1302:
1296:
1295:Project Pluto
1289:United States
1288:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
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1179:
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1149:
1142:
1133:
1128:
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1120:
1115:
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1109:
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1005:
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960:
958:
954:
949:
947:
939:
937:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
914:flame holders
906:
904:
900:
896:
894:
889:
882:
877:
875:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
842:Brayton cycle
840:known as the
839:
829:
822:
820:
818:
813:
811:
807:
798:
791:
789:
787:
786:
775:
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760:
749:
744:
740:
732:
730:
728:
727:Falklands War
724:
719:
717:
713:
708:
703:
696:
689:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
673:
671:
663:
661:
659:
650:
648:
646:
645:CIM-10 Bomarc
641:
639:
635:
634:
628:
624:
619:
617:
616:Lockheed D-21
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
574:
569:
561:
556:
550:United States
549:
547:
545:
541:
540:Dornier Do 17
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
506:
499:
497:
495:
492:developed by
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
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438:
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388:
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382:
378:
374:
372:
363:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:CIM-10 Bomarc
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
316:is a form of
315:
303:
298:
296:
291:
289:
284:
283:
281:
280:
273:
270:
268:
265:
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199:
197:
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183:
182:
181:
180:
177:
173:
166:
165:Human-powered
163:
162:
160:
157:
153:
150:
149:
147:
144:
140:
137:
136:
134:
131:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Wankel engine
106:
102:
101:Diesel engine
99:
98:
97:
96:Piston engine
94:
93:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
63:Shaft engines
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3283:Beale number
3238:Split-single
3172:Heat engines
3089:Flame holder
3063:Thrust lever
3053:Autothrottle
2883:Thrust lapse
2838:Bypass ratio
2728:
2665:Gas turbines
2657:gas turbines
2596:
2567:
2561:Bibliography
2548:
2537:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2501:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2435:– via
2429:. Retrieved
2414:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2365:
2357:the original
2347:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2279:
2260:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2177:
2160:
2150:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2119:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2043:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1972:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1914:
1908:
1889:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1839:
1833:
1825:the original
1816:
1806:
1794:. Retrieved
1790:the original
1779:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1730:
1722:
1684:Jet aircraft
1621:P-270 Moskit
1537:(helicopter)
1529:Lockheed X-7
1475:
1468:
1420:Flue gas jet
1360:
1336:
1322:
1298:
1280:spaceplane.
1260:
1244:
1237:
1181:
1123:
1116:
1105:
1102:Flight speed
1092:
1084:
1080:
1053:
1041:
1029:
1021:Yvonne Brill
1017:
1009:
992:
984:
980:
967:Bristol Thor
950:
943:
918:
910:
901:
897:
890:
886:
878:Construction
865:
850:
834:
814:
803:
783:
739:Fritz Zwicky
736:
733:Fritz Zwicky
720:
704:
701:
676:gas turbine;
667:
657:
654:
642:
632:
620:
608:Lockheed X-7
605:
593:Glenn Martin
586:
577:
571:
565:
535:Eugen Sänger
512:
503:
483:
469:
453:
434:
423:Soviet Union
406:
394:
368:
367:
330:
313:
311:
261:
36:
3341:Jet engines
3288:West number
3208:Minto wheel
3193:Gas turbine
3003:instruments
2958:Blade pitch
2953:Autofeather
2797:Nose bullet
2650:Jet engines
2409:2003 Bremen
2055:16 December
1821:Kuusankoski
1819:. Finland:
1760:12 February
1626:P-800 Oniks
1616:MBDA Meteor
1299:During the
1189:Boeing X-43
1014:Liquid fuel
859:. Unlike a
627:Vietnam War
623:RIM-8 Talos
618:spy drone.
533:. In 1941,
519:natural gas
474:proposed a
409:Albert FonĂł
403:Albert FonĂł
139:Steam power
77:ducted fans
3325:Categories
3228:Rijke tube
2946:Principles
2925:Components
2917:Propellers
2816:Principles
2762:Air intake
2750:components
2748:Mechanical
2724:Turboshaft
2524:US 3344606
2508:18 January
2460:24 January
2431:24 January
1743:. p.
1715:References
1270:hypersonic
1217:hypersonic
861:jet engine
810:Leduc 0.10
806:René Leduc
774:US 2461797
759:US 4722261
748:US 5121670
718:fighters.
712:Bloodhound
707:Blue Envoy
633:Long Beach
397:René Lorin
391:René Lorin
353:helicopter
341:Bloodhound
124:Turboshaft
69:propellers
3253:Aeolipile
2978:Proprotor
2828:Bleed air
2782:Combustor
2719:Turboprop
2578:0143-5450
2339:1000-9361
2099:27 August
2077:27 August
1786:Time Inc.
1611:MBDA ASMP
1566:2K11 Krug
1442:from the
1363:monatomic
1347:White Sea
1213:shcramjet
1206:Shcramjet
1184:Scramjets
1096:flame out
1049:2K11 Krug
996:turbojets
933:yaw/pitch
907:Combustor
800:Leduc 010
685:scramjet.
668:In 2023,
513:In 1936,
470:In 1947,
413:artillery
383:stories.
345:artillery
272:Shcramjet
159:Clockwork
119:Turboprop
3260:Stirling
3188:Fluidyne
3094:Jet fuel
2983:Scimitar
2853:Flameout
2792:Impeller
2714:Turbojet
2709:Turbofan
2690:Pulsejet
2654:aircraft
2378:Archived
2287:Archived
2268:Archived
2019:20 April
1704:Turbojet
1699:Turbofan
1668:See also
1646:Sea Dart
1571:2K12 Kub
1440:hydrogen
1405:hydrogen
1301:Cold War
1276:for the
1178:Scramjet
1164:turbojet
1057:2K12 Kub
1045:Sea Dart
1038:Take-off
929:kerosene
883:Diffuser
868:turbojet
853:turbofan
767:are for
723:Sea Dart
582:turbojet
570:such as
490:R-7 ICBM
355:rotors.
349:tip jets
333:missiles
267:Scramjet
230:Pulsejet
225:Motorjet
196:Turbofan
191:Turbojet
185:Turbines
161:drives:
113:Turbines
81:propfans
67:driving
3198:Hot air
3082:systems
2704:Propfan
2489:p. 18-1
2437:Twitter
2387:5 March
2317:Bibcode
1915:Ramjets
1796:5 March
1586:BrahMos
1219:and/or
1006:Control
1000:rockets
940:Nozzles
872:turbine
743:Aerojet
682:ramjet;
651:THOR-ER
527:Junkers
509:Germany
359:History
324:around
201:Propfan
18:Ramjets
3233:Rocket
3218:Piston
3001:Engine
2878:Thrust
2734:Rocket
2729:Ramjet
2576:
2530:
2337:
1953:
1846:
1751:
1636:R-77ME
1631:R-77PD
1327:Russia
1267:LAPCAT
1065:Meteor
953:nozzle
857:nozzle
846:thrust
823:Design
792:France
779:
764:
753:
589:Gorgon
529:, and
314:ramjet
262:Ramjet
73:rotors
2678:Types
2425:Tweet
2381:(PDF)
2374:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1661:YJ-12
1606:Kh-31
1576:ASM-3
1318:ICBMs
1247:ATREX
1240:SABRE
893:pitot
500:Japan
485:Burya
464:Yak-7
3078:Fuel
2668:and
2652:and
2574:ISSN
2510:2020
2462:2023
2433:2023
2389:2024
2335:ISSN
2101:2017
2079:2017
2057:2023
2021:2024
1951:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1798:2024
1781:TIME
1762:2016
1749:ISBN
1434:for
1426:The
1261:The
1245:The
1061:ASMP
998:and
987:drag
944:The
815:The
785:Time
756:and
705:The
631:USS
441:GIRD
339:and
326:Mach
3203:Jet
2407:IAC
2325:doi
2165:doi
1900:IAA
1896:IAF
1745:145
638:MiG
558:An
531:DFL
523:BMW
445:bar
79:or
71:,
3327::
2453:.
2405:-
2376:.
2333:.
2323:.
2313:34
2311:.
2307:.
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2136:.
2118:.
2012:.
1996:16
1994:.
1990:.
1917:.
1894:.
1888:.
1866:.
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1778:.
1747:.
1739::
1735:.
1353:.
1195:.
1027:.
1002:.
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916:.
848:.
729:.
525:,
451:.
312:A
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75:,
3164:e
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2512:.
2464:.
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2427:)
2423:(
2391:.
2341:.
2327::
2319::
2293:.
2274:.
2255:.
2215:.
2184:.
2171:.
2167::
2122:.
2103:.
2081:.
2059:.
2037:.
2023:.
1959:.
1902:.
1898:/
1870:.
1852:.
1800:.
1764:.
1454:.
1378:.
1208:.
1143:.
373:)
301:e
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65::
34:.
20:)
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