1024:, which literally means search of truth from different points of view, is the application of the principle of equality of souls in the sphere of thought. It is a Jain philosophical standpoint just as there is the Advaitic standpoint of Sankara and the standpoint of the Middle Path of the Buddhists. This search leads to understanding and toleration of different and even conflicting views. When this happens, prejudices subside and the tendency to accommodate increases. The theory of
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790:
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771:
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1952:
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973:ā due to purification of attitude and improving leshya (the colour-code indicator of purity of soul) as was the case with Mrigaputra. Some individuals acquire jatismaran-jnana through outside influence and others in natural course due to kshayopasham (the process of extinction-cum-suppression) of karmas obstructing that knowledge.
1047:
provides Jainas with a systematic methodology to explore the real nature of reality and consider the problem in a non-violent way from different perspectives. This process ensures that each statement is expressed from seven different conditional and relative viewpoints or propositions, and thus it is
988:
Any of the above means may trigger the awareness of earlier births. This, in turn, reveals with certainty that what transmigrates from and to the said directions is none else but 'I' (the soul that is me). This awareness enhances the spontaneous feelings of right faith in dharma, samveg (yearning for
1319:
Right view and right knowledge are inter-dependent. For instance, when the clouds disappear, both the heat and the light of the sun are manifested simultaneously. Similarly, when right faith is attained by the soul owing to the subsidence, destruction or destruction-cum-subsidence of faith-deluding
1014:
A person who sees objects illuminated by coloured light may not be able to judge the true colour of the objects. However, the same person viewing these objects illuminated by sunlight will see the true nature of their colours, without difficulty. Similarly, proper knowledge is essential to provide
735:
Perfect release from all karmas is liberation. The path to liberation is the method by which it can be attained. The singular āpathā is used in order to indicate that all the three together constitute the path to liberation. This controverts the views that each of these singly constitutes a path.
1035:
which highlights that every view is relative to its view point. For example, an object may seem heavy when carried on planet earth, yet lightweight when carried on the moon, where gravity is different. It is a matter of our daily experience that the same object which gives pleasure to us under
909:
In the human state of existence, right faith acquired from destruction as well as from destruction-cum-subsidence. An intelligent conviction and profound faith in the essential nature of the soul, of matter, and of their mutual relationships, actions and reactions, is a necessary condition for
1328:
Right
Knowledge must be accompanied by Right conduct which is necessary for the destruction of karmic bonds. Without it there is no release from the cycle of transmigration, i.e., repeated births and deaths. Just like the light from millions of lamps is of no avail to a blind person, studying
1040:
is based on the premise that every proposition is only relatively true. It all depends on the particular aspect from which we approach that proposition. Jains therefore developed a logic that encompasses sevenfold predication so as to assist in the construction of proper judgement about any
901:
bases itself on one of the fundamental principles called "The
Principle of Invariant Light Speed". It takes it as given that light in vacuum propagates with the constant speed in terms of any system of inertial coordinates, regardless of the state of motion of the light source. These seven
1001:
Jain texts mention that knowledge is of five kinds ā sensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge, clairvoyance, telepathy, and omniscience. Out of these, sensory knowledge, scriptural knowledge and clairvoyance may also be erroneous knowledge. Most of our knowledge is sensory-based
1310:
The interesting aspect is that on this path there is a place for every one from the beginner to the most advanced seekers. Further, it encompasses all aspects of human life, namely social, personal, economic and spiritual leading to integrated development of the individual.
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This means, no model of reality is absolute including religious/spiritual/philosophical concepts. However, each model provides insight into the working of the universe that are useful within the bounds of its framework and therefore useful under certain
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5. The soul now begins to observe some of the rules of right conduct with a view to perfecting itself. With the discipline of introductory or minor vows, the soul starts on the process of climbing the spiritual
1377:
Awareness of reality with trust developed in the right view, combined with willingness to practice self-discipline. The soul may be able to subdue the four passions, namely anger, pride, deceit and greed.
1036:
certain circumstances becomes boring under different situations. Nonetheless relative truth is undoubtedly useful as it is a stepping stone to the ultimate realisation of reality. The theory of
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13. All inimical karma destroyed. Omniscience achieved and
Arihant stage reached. However the perfected soul is still trapped in the physical body (with right knowledge attained).
1413:
12. This is the point of no return. All passions as well as conduct-deluding karma are eliminated. Permanent internal peace achieved. No new bondage from this point onwards.
1399:
8. Closer to perfect self-control over actions, higher control over mind, thought and passions with the soul ready for reduction of the effects of conduct-deluding karma.
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Right conduct is the application of the knowledge developed, so as to exercise control over our inner desires and reach a stage where there is no attachment or aversion.
1320:
karmas, right sensory knowledge and right scriptural knowledge are attained by the soul at the same time by the removal of wrong sensory and wrong scriptural knowledge.
1355:. Jain literature describes these states in detail. The following provides a concise summary on the various statuses of soul on its journey to spiritual advancement.
2010:
1018:
The Jain theory of knowledge is a highly developed one based on comprehensive apprehension of reality in multitude of view points and relativity.
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Hence it must be understood that these threeā right faith, right knowledge and right conduct ā together constitute the direct path to liberation.
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6. Major vows taken up with firm resolve to control passions. There may be failures due to lack of full control over passions or carelessness.
678:(Correct Asceticism) as a fourth jewel, emphasizing belief in ascetic practices as the means to liberation (moksha). The four jewels are called
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Lowest stage with ignorance, delusion, and with intense attachments and aversions. This is the normal condition of all souls involved in the
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1010:). Jain philosophers also include knowledge acquired directly without any medium. This is achieved by removing the karmic veil on the soul.
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11. Suppressed passions and lingering conduct-deluding karma may rise to drag the soul to lower stages; fleeting experiences of equanimity.
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7. Intense practice of vows assisted in better self-control and virtually replaced carelessness with spiritual vigilance and vigor.
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Singh Ramjee Dr. Jaina
Perspective in Philosophy and Religion,Pujya Sohanalala Smaraka Parsvanatha Sodhapitha, Faridabad, 1992
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liberation), and vairagya bhavana (detachment from the mundane) and induces the knowledge of separation of soul and body (
643:) ā constitutes the path to liberation. These are known as the triple gems (or jewels) of Jainism and hence also known as
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launching upon the path of liberation. Jainism declares that a person with the right faith will have spiritual calmness (
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1006:) and based on recorded knowledge developed by our ancestors in the form of books, articles, papers and other medium (
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Acharya
Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya: Realization of the Pure Self, With Hindi and English Translation
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According to
Jainism, purification of soul and liberation can be achieved through the path of three jewels:
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Many disciplines of knowledge are developed based on certain fundamental givens, or axioms. For example,
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penalties for faults arising from inadvertence, or negligence, on account of which one loses equanimity,
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By listening to the discourses of arihant
Tirthankars or kevlis, accomplished sages possessing
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known as theory of conditioned predication. These seven propositions are described as follows:
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9. Higher control over removal of passions, and elimination of conduct-deluding karma begins.
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Right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct (together) constitute the path to liberation.
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Jainism acknowledges that the soul advances to its liberated stage in various steps, called
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881:(liberation) ā complete annihilation of all karmic matter (bound with any particular soul)
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14. This is the last stage on the Path, and is followed by the soul's destruction of the
674:(Correct Conduct), meaning behavior consistent with the Five vows. Jain texts often add
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952:, knowing the soul at experiential level and the ability to know about the past lives (
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6.SyÄd-asti-nÄsti-avaktavya ā "in some ways it is, it is not and it is indescribable"
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809:(1-2), which means "Belief in substances ascertained as they are is right faith."
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10. Complete elimination of all passions except for subtle degree of attachment.
897:("true statements given the axioms") are derived from a finite number of axioms.
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and become fully established in Right Faith, Right
Knowledge and Right Conduct.
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Jyoti Prasad Jain Dr. Essence of
Jainism, Shuchita Publications, Varanasi, 1981
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Indifference to reality with occasional vague memory of spiritual insight.
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the right guidance to the soul in its journey towards spiritual uplifting.
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Reality (English
Translation of Srimat Pujyapadacharya's Sarvarthasiddhi)
1265:
1067:
5.SyÄd-nÄsti-avaktavya ā "in some ways it is not and it is indescribable"
1044:
1037:
1032:
1025:
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Refraining from harmful occupations and activities (purposeless sins).
960:, at 4th Gunasthana. Some of the main causes of jatismaran-jnana are:
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33:
2020:
1988:
865:(stoppage) ā obstruction of the inflow of karmic matter into the soul.
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4.SyÄd-asti-avaktavya ā "in some ways it is and it is indescribable"
1329:
scriptures alone is of no use to a person who does not apply them.
914:), desire for liberation from the endless birth-life-death cycles (
2710:
2687:
2156:
1342:
1168:
769:
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181:
1955:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1918:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1877:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1806:
Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India
1282:
Limiting movement to certain places for a fixed period of time.
658:(Correct View), meaning faith, acceptance of the truth of soul (
1992:
16:
Jainism teaching of right faith, right knowledge, right conduct
1735:
1733:
1028:
is therefore a unique experiment of non-violence at the root.
956:) are important characteristics of a person who has attained
1546:
1544:
1374:
Fleeting moments of curiosity towards understanding reality.
902:
fundamental concepts, provide the metaphysical structure of
847:ā inflow of auspicious and evil karmic matter into the soul.
1507:
1505:
1561:
1559:
666:(Correct Knowledge), meaning undoubting knowledge of the
1468:
1466:
1061:
3.SyÄd-asti-nÄsti ā "in some ways it is and it is not"
1304:
Vow of offering food to the ascetic and needy people
1240:
Vow of limiting consumable and non-consumable things
1162:
Not to hurt any living being by actions and thoughts
1073:
7.SyÄd-avaktavya ā "in some ways it is indescribable"
873:ā gradual dissociation of karmic matter from the soul
1195:
Chastity / Celibacy in action, words & thoughts
682:. According to Jain texts, the liberated pure soul (
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3094:
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2916:
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2810:
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2597:
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2511:
2438:
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2235:
2059:
2031:
1368:, and is the starting point of spiritual evolution.
1229:Restriction on movement with regard to directions.
918:), without any attachment or aversion to anything (
793:
Chart showing Samyak Darsana as per Tattvarthasutra
1610:. Pujya Sohanalala Smaraka Parsvanatha Sodhapitha.
1031:A derivation of this principle is the doctrine of
1787:
1775:
1763:
1700:
1132:(five major vows) and seven supplementary vows.
930:(fundamental principles) described just above (
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709:
1640:
1638:
1271:Vow to meditate and concentrate periodically.
2004:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1712:
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1173:Not to lie or speak what is not commendable.
605:
8:
631:(triple gems of Jainism) ā the right faith (
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2241:
2011:
1997:
1989:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1565:
1535:
612:
598:
20:
1347:Fourteen stages on the Path to liberation
854:) ā mutual intermingling of the soul and
1393:Developing self discipline and knowledge
1135:
831:which is characterized by consciousness.
788:
1604:"Path of Arhat - A Religious Democracy"
1450:
1421:. Those who pass this stage are called
1058:2.SyÄd-nÄsti ā "in some ways it is not"
32:
1624:
1613:
942:As per the first Anga of Jainism, the
1523:
1511:
1496:
1472:
807:Tattvarthasraddhanam Samyak-darshanam
692:) and dwells there in eternal bliss.
686:) goes up to the summit of universe (
7:
1852:, The Central Jaina Publishing House
1484:
1407:Gaining absolute knowledge and bliss
1382:Developing right view and discipline
1211:Detachment from material property.
1184:Not to take anything if not given.
812:These seven substances also called
1826:Jainism: A Guide for the Perplexed
1055:1.SyÄd-asti ā "in some ways it is"
14:
1890:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvarthsūtra
1359:Awakening ā Developing right view
1324:Right Knowledge and Right Conduct
731:(translated by Prof. S. A. Jain):
3181:
2019:
1950:
1913:
1872:
1333:Stages on the Path to liberation
579:
40:
1315:Right Faith and Right Knowledge
1123:contemplation of one's own soul
984:, or the scholars of 14 purvas.
3117:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
1968:The Jaina Path of Purification
1293:Fasting at regular intervals.
1097:Five kinds of spiritual purity
1:
1965:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1998) ,
899:Special theory of relativity
3207:Jain philosophical concepts
2202:
1809:, Oxford University Press,
421:Uttaradhyayana (ÅvetÄmbara)
197:Aparigraha (non-possession)
3223:
1336:
407:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
386:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
3178:
1829:, Bloomsbury Publishing,
1255:
1215:
1149:
699:(aphorism) of the Sacred
1435:Three Jewels of Buddhism
1120:control of passions, and
1093:Right conduct includes:
561:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
414:Kalpa SÅ«tra (ÅvetÄmbara)
204:Anuvratas (further vows)
3081:Jain terms and concepts
2701:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
1928:Jain, Vijay K. (2012),
1887:Jain, Vijay K. (2011),
1803:Cort, John E. (2001a),
170:Mahavratas (major vows)
1623:Cite journal requires
1348:
794:
786:
762:
738:
719:
650:The Path to liberation
468:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
379:SamayasÄra (Digambara)
192:Brahmacarya (chastity)
3112:List of Jain ascetics
2917:Dynasties and empires
2706:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
1823:Fohr, Sherry (2015),
1788:Champat Rai Jain 1917
1776:Champat Rai Jain 1917
1764:Champat Rai Jain 1917
1701:Champat Rai Jain 1917
1346:
1247:anartha-dandaviramana
926:), and belief in the
792:
773:
748:
716:TattvÄrthasÅ«tra (1-1)
639:) and right conduct (
187:Asteya (non-stealing)
177:Ahiį¹sÄ (non-violence)
3107:List of Jain temples
1514:, pp. 148, 200.
1487:, pp. 9ā10, 37.
1236:bhogopabhogaparimana
949:Uttaradhyayana Sutra
635:), right knowledge (
346:Schools and Branches
3188:Religion portal
3122:Topics List (index)
2413:Mahamastakabhisheka
1973:Motilal Banarsidass
1866:(Second ed.),
1602:Mehta, T.U (1993).
1499:, pp. 141ā147.
778:, three dots above
586:Religion portal
276:The 24 Tirthankaras
3086:Sexual differences
1849:The Practical Path
1752:Vijay K. Jain 2012
1740:Vijay K. Jain 2012
1725:Vijay K. Jain 2012
1713:Vijay K. Jain 2012
1680:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1668:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1551:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1538:, p. 282ā283.
1458:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1349:
1260:Disciplinary vows
982:Manahparyay jnana
887:Euclidean geometry
795:
787:
763:
393:Agama (ÅvetÄmbara)
3194:
3193:
2876:
2875:
2655:Hampa Nagarajaiah
2548:Auspicious dreams
2476:Bhaktamara Stotra
2349:
2348:
1982:978-81-208-1578-0
1945:978-81-903639-4-5
1908:978-81-903639-2-1
1868:Jwalamalini Trust
1836:978-1-4742-2756-8
1816:978-0-19-513234-2
1308:
1307:
965:Uvasantmohanijjam
622:
621:
241:Micchami Dukkadam
236:Bhaktamara Stotra
165:Ethics of Jainism
3214:
3186:
3185:
3148:Monks & nuns
3045:Statue of Ahimsa
3002:PaƱca-Parameį¹£į¹hi
2726:
2640:Champat Rai Jain
2483:Tattvartha Sutra
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1893:(1st ed.),
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1844:Champat Rai Jain
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1655:"ÄcÄrÄį¹
ga SÅ«tra"
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1300:atihti samvibhag
1136:
1113:refraining from
971:Ajjhavasansuddhi
938:Jatismaran Jnana
891:axiomatic system
741:The Three Jewels
717:
705:Tattvartha sutra
627:emphasises that
614:
607:
600:
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583:
521:Shravanabelagola
428:CÄ«vaka CintÄmaį¹i
400:Tattvartha Sutra
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3039:Panch Kalyanaka
2973:
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2908:Non-creationism
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2717:
2669:
2650:Jeffery D. Long
2645:Padmanabh Jaini
2630:Virchand Gandhi
2610:Colette Caillat
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2118:Heavenly beings
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2017:
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1936:Vikalp Printers
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1899:Vikalp Printers
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1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1475:, pp. 6ā7.
1471:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1431:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1388:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1259:
1219:
1153:
1088:
999:
997:Right knowledge
954:jatismaran gyan
940:
904:Jain philosophy
893:, in which all
803:TattvÄrthasÅ«tra
801:has written in
768:
743:
728:SarvÄrthasiddhi
718:
715:
695:The very first
672:Samyak charitra
652:
641:Samyak Charitra
633:Samyak Darshana
618:
578:
571:
570:
536:
535:
526:
525:
493:
492:
483:
482:
458:
457:
448:
447:
373:
372:
370:Jain literature
361:
360:
343:
342:
333:
332:
271:
270:
261:
260:
251:į¹amÅkÄra mantra
231:
230:
221:
220:
162:
161:
152:
151:
82:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2863:Southeast Asia
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:Organisations
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2665:Jinendra Varni
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Hermann Jacobi
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Digambara monk
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2503:Uttaradhyayana
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2471:Namokar Mantra
2465:
2460:
2458:Shatkhandagama
2455:
2453:Pravachanasara
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2264:Kashtha Sangha
2261:
2259:Balatkara Gana
2250:
2248:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2103:Jain cosmology
2100:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2025:Jainism topics
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1962:
1944:
1925:
1907:
1884:
1854:
1840:
1835:
1820:
1815:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1790:, p. 121.
1780:
1778:, p. 119.
1768:
1766:, p. 182.
1756:
1744:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1646:
1634:
1625:|journal=
1591:
1579:
1570:
1555:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1462:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1419:aghÄtiÄ karmas
1409:
1408:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1337:Main article:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:Non-possession
1197:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:Observance of
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1029:
1019:
1016:
998:
995:
986:
985:
974:
968:
958:Samyak darshan
944:ÄcÄrÄį¹
ga SÅ«tra
939:
936:
883:
882:
874:
866:
858:
848:
840:
839:ā the non-soul
832:
767:
764:
761:(three jewels)
742:
739:
713:
656:Samyak darÅana
651:
648:
620:
619:
617:
616:
609:
602:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
573:
572:
569:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
533:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
494:
490:
489:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
459:
455:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
438:
435:Silappatikaram
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
374:
368:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
344:
340:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
293:
288:
283:
278:
272:
268:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
232:
228:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
200:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
173:
172:
163:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
83:
77:
76:
75:
72:
71:
70:
69:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3219:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:List of Jains
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3027:Jain calendar
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2868:United States
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2802:Uttar Pradesh
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Nalini Balbir
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Vegetarianism
2381:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:public domain
1947:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:public domain
1910:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1879:public domain
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:, p. 90.
1753:
1748:
1745:
1742:, p. 88.
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1727:, p. 68.
1726:
1721:
1718:
1715:, p. 61.
1714:
1709:
1706:
1703:, p. 57.
1702:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1682:, p. 13.
1681:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:(equanimity),
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1086:Right conduct
1085:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
992:
983:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
961:
959:
955:
951:
950:
945:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
922:), kindness (
921:
917:
913:
907:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
880:
879:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
820:
819:
817:
816:
810:
808:
804:
800:
791:
785:
781:
777:
772:
765:
760:
756:
752:
747:
740:
737:
732:
730:
729:
724:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
693:
691:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
649:
647:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
596:
595:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
576:
575:
574:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
530:
529:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
487:
486:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
452:
451:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:
425:
423:
422:
418:
416:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
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3043:
3022:Samavasarana
3012:ÅalÄkÄpuruį¹£a
2620:John E. Cort
2531:Ashtamangala
2526:Siddhachakra
2463:Kasayapahuda
2430:Pratikramana
2338:SthÄnakavÄsÄ«
2221:
2096:AnekÄntavÄda
2092:Jaina logic
2086:Kevala JƱÄna
2081:Epistemology
1967:
1949:
1930:
1912:
1889:
1871:
1862:
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1663:
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1191:Brahmacharya
1150:
1114:
1102:
1092:
1089:
1041:proposition.
1022:Anekantavada
1007:
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981:
978:Avadhi jnana
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664:Samyak jnana
663:
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636:
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628:
623:
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384:
377:
295:
256:Jai Jinendra
229:Jain prayers
203:
169:
117:Kevala Jnana
87:Anekantavada
18:
2964:Rashtrakuta
2881:Jainism and
2780:Maharashtra
2738:Bundelkhand
2625:Paul Dundas
2498:Kalpa SÅ«tra
2493:Aptamimamsa
2378:Monasticism
2309:Murtipujaka
2291:Kanji Panth
2271:Taran Panth
2254:Mula Sangha
2108:Siddhashila
2041:Tirthankara
1895:Uttarakhand
1858:Jain, S. A.
1220:Merit vows
1217:GuÅa vratas
1081:conditions.
782:represents
766:Right Faith
757:represents
755:Jain temple
753:(top) of a
689:Siddhashila
680:moksha marg
566:Topics list
491:Pilgrimages
442:Valayapathi
341:Major sects
328:Yashovijaya
132:Brahmacarya
3143:Literature
3032:Samvatsari
2797:Tamil Nadu
2722:Jainism in
2541:Nandavarta
2488:SamayasÄra
2440:Literature
2408:Kshamavani
2403:Paryushana
2366:Meditation
2361:Sallekhana
2301:ÅvetÄmbara
2222:Ratnatraya
2142:Gunasthana
2061:Philosophy
1524:Cort 2001a
1512:Jaini 1998
1497:Jaini 1998
1473:Cort 2001a
1441:References
1353:Gunasthana
1339:gunasthana
1202:Aparigraha
1130:Mahavratas
946:, and the
784:Ratnatraya
759:Ratnatraya
749:The three
725:writes in
676:samyak tap
645:Ratnatraya
629:ratnatraya
478:Samvatsari
473:Paryushana
356:ÅvetÄmbara
323:Haribhadra
313:Siddhasena
308:Kundakunda
216:Sallekhana
142:Gunasthana
137:Aparigraha
79:Philosophy
3061:Sculpture
2997:Ekendriya
2858:Singapore
2843:Hong Kong
2823:Australia
2792:Rajasthan
2763:Karnataka
2675:Community
2660:Bal Patil
2615:Chandabai
2584:Pattavali
2536:Shrivatsa
2521:Jain flag
2398:Festivals
2354:Practices
2342:Terapanth
2329:Tristutik
2319:Kharatara
2281:Terapanth
2276:Bispanthi
2246:Digambara
2069:Five Vows
2046:Ganadhara
1971:, Delhi:
1860:(1992) ,
1485:Fohr 2015
1446:Citations
1278:desavrata
1151:Five vows
1117:(injury),
991:bhed-gyan
850:bondage (
776:Jain flag
723:Pujyapada
701:Jain text
551:Jain flag
541:Ekendriya
516:Shikharji
456:Festivals
351:Digambara
303:Ganadhara
92:Cosmology
3201:Category
3153:Scholars
3131:Navboxes
2990:Timeline
2939:Ikshvaku
2924:Chalukya
2893:Hinduism
2888:Buddhism
2853:Pakistan
2811:Overseas
2598:Scholars
2579:Kshullak
2562:Ascetics
2553:Swastika
2371:SÄmÄyika
2286:Yapaniya
2237:Branches
1846:(1917),
1429:See also
1266:samayika
1225:digvrata
1145:Meaning
1104:SÄmÄyika
1045:Syadvada
1038:Syadvada
1033:Syadvada
1026:Anekanta
924:Anukampa
912:Prasanna
895:theorems
799:Umaswami
797:Acharya
780:swastika
714:ā
506:Palitana
291:Mahavira
281:Rishabha
211:SÄmÄyika
62:Timeline
26:a series
24:Part of
3163:America
3158:Temples
3007:Pratima
2985:History
2978:Related
2969:Santara
2949:Kalinga
2944:Kadamba
2934:Hoysala
2903:Sikhism
2828:Belgium
2758:Haryana
2753:Gujarat
2683:ÅrÄvaka
2589:Acharya
2513:Symbols
2467:Mantra
2420:Upadhan
2393:Rituals
2388:Fasting
2227:Kashaya
2217:Saį¹sÄra
2196:Nirjara
2191:Samvara
2162:Pudgala
2051:Arihant
1797:Sources
1387:ladder.
1366:samsara
928:tattvas
920:Nirveda
916:Samvega
870:Nirjara
862:Samvara
751:shikhar
721:ÄcÄrya
668:tattvas
625:Jainism
546:Temples
297:Arihant
147:Saį¹sÄra
57:History
34:Jainism
3168:Bengal
3076:Nigoda
3051:Temple
3017:Tirtha
2959:Pandya
2954:Maurya
2838:Europe
2833:Canada
2818:Africa
2785:Mumbai
2775:Kerala
2574:Aryika
2314:Gaccha
2186:Bandha
2181:Asrava
2176:Tattva
2167:Dharma
2147:Dravya
2135:Causes
2113:Naraka
2074:Ahimsa
1979:
1942:
1905:
1833:
1813:
1423:siddha
1180:Asteya
1158:Ahiį¹sÄ
932:Ästika
889:is an
878:Moksha
856:karmas
852:Bandha
844:Äsrava
827:ā the
818:are:ā
815:tattva
707:reads:
684:Siddha
670:; and
511:Girnar
463:Diwali
286:PÄrÅva
160:Ethics
127:Tattva
122:Dravya
107:Dharma
97:Ahimsa
3095:Lists
3056:Stupa
2929:Ganga
2898:Islam
2848:Japan
2768:North
2743:Delhi
2730:India
2711:JAINA
2693:Tamil
2688:Sarak
2448:Agama
2425:Tapas
2212:Death
2203:Mokį¹£a
2157:Ajiva
2130:Types
2125:Karma
1289:upvas
1169:Satya
1139:Head
1115:himsa
1008:sruta
836:ajīva
805:that
697:sloka
534:Other
496:Tirth
112:Mokį¹£a
102:Karma
67:Index
52:Jains
3138:Gods
2324:Tapa
2152:JÄ«va
2033:Gods
1977:ISBN
1940:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1629:help
1142:Vow
1004:mati
829:soul
824:jīva
660:jīva
3071:Law
3066:Art
2748:Goa
1298:12.
1287:11.
1276:10.
1263:9.
1245:8.
1234:7.
1223:6.
1200:5.
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980:or
934:).
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501:Abu
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1934:,
1911:,
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