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penalty points beyond a poor score for a given maneuver. Significant errors, such as going off pattern or using illegal equipment, will result in a "zero score". Under NRHA rules, horses with a zero score cannot earn a placing or advance in a multi-go event, though they may be eligible for a payout if there is a small number of horses in the entire competition. Some sanctioning organizations other than NRHA may allow a horse in a small class to earn an award for last place. Major mistakes, such as failure to present the horse for an equipment check, a rider with illegal equipment or one who abuses the animal in specified ways, result in a "no score," which prevents the horse from earning any award or payout, even if it is the only horse in the class.
679:. However, snaffles and hackamores ridden with both hands are usually limited only to special classes for horses between the ages of three and five years old. Most of the time, with the exception of "freestyle" classes, snaffle bit and hackamore horses do not compete directly against curb bit horses, though specific details vary depending on the particular sanctioning organization. In the last thirty years, the snaffle bit is the more common headgear used on younger horses, but in the past, the hackamore was more common. Some local or regional competitions offer a non-sanctioned "novice horse" division where horses of any age who have limited experience as reining horses can be ridden two-handed in a snaffle.
166:), or the gallop (the fastest of the horse gaits). Originating from working cattle, reining requires the horse to be responsive and in tune with its rider, whose aids should not be easily seen, and judges the horse on its ability to perform a set pattern of movements. The horse should be willingly guided or controlled with little or no apparent resistance and dictated to completely. A horse that pins his ears, conveys a threat to his rider, refuses to go forward, runs sideways, bounces his rear, wrings his tail in irritation, or displays an overall poor attitude is not being guided willingly, and is judged accordingly. If a horse jogs or breaks gait it is a 0.
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372:: beginning from a standstill, the horse spins 360 degrees or more (up to four and one-quarter full turns) in place around its stationary inside hind leg. The hind pivot foot remains in essentially the same location throughout the spin, though the horse will pick it up and put it down as it turns. Spins are judged on correctness, smoothness, and cadence. Speed adds to the difficulty and will improve the score of a correctly done spin. A pattern requires at least one set of spins in each direction. Horses must stop the spin in the designated place or be penalized for over or under spinning. The term
330:: the horse accelerates to a gallop and then suddenly comes to a complete halt, planting its hind feet in the footing and allowing its hind feet to slide several feet, while continuing to let its front feet "walk" forward. The back should be raised upward and hindquarters come well underneath. A particularly powerful stop may, depending on arena conditions, produce flying dirt and a cloud of dust. The movement should finish in a straight line, and the horse's position should not change. This movement is a crowd favorite, along with spins (see below).
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866:. Under NRHA rules, costumes are allowed, though not required; riders may ride with one, two or even no hands on any type of NRHA approved bit; props, within certain limits, are allowed; and the show management may allow special arena lighting. Freestyle reining competitions have no specific rules as to
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Individual divisions at a reining competition vary with the sanctioning organization. However, standard classes include those limited to junior or senior horses, to horses of a specific age (such as three-year-olds), classes for professional, "non-pro," or amateur riders (those who do not work with
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In addition to the scores for each maneuver, a large variety of penalties may be assessed for specific infractions. Penalties may range from a half-point to five points for each infraction, and in some cases a significant error may result in a zero score for the run. Certain misbehaviors may incur
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Each part of the pattern is judged on precision, smoothness, and finesse. The "degree of difficulty" for each maneuver, typically related to speed and agility, is also assessed. Increased speed increases the difficulty of most movements and the potential for a high score. For example, a perfectly
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mid-stride, during the suspension phase of the gait. The horse should not break gait nor change speed. It can be used for as turning and direction. While completing a change at speed can improve one's score, precision is the most important factor in judging: A horse taking more than one stride to
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needed a quick and nimble horse, one that could change directions quickly, stop "on a dime," and sprint after an errant cow. The horse needed to be controlled mostly by legs and weight, ridden with only one hand and a light touch on the reins, so that the cowboy's attention could also be on tasks
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are split into "junior horse" and "senior horse" divisions. Depending on the breed, Junior horses are either 3, 4 or 5 years old, and allowed to show in a snaffle or bosal. Senior horses who age out of the junior horse divisions at age six must be shown in a curb. The rules have changed over the
320:: the horse gallops or "runs" along the long side of the arena, at least 20 feet (6 m) from the fence or rail. A rundown is a required movement prior to a sliding stop and a rollback to the designated direction (either towards the judge or towards the nearest wall depending on the pattern).
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on the hind feet called slide plates. Slide plates have wider bar steel and are smoother than regular horseshoes, with even the nail heads filed to be flush with the shoe. When the horse plants its hind feet for a sliding stop, the shoes allow the hind legs to slide along the ground with less
297:. They should be perfectly round, with the rider dictating the pace of the horse. There should be an easily seen change of speed as the rider transitions from the large, fast to the small, slow circles. Most circles incorporate changes of direction that require a
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breeds are started under saddle at the age of two, they generally are not physically or mentally ready to be entered into any type of reining competition at that age and in some cases are prohibited from entering any performance class until at least
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Equestrian is a
Division 1 and Division 3 sport recognized by the NCAA. single discipline teams are in Division 3, only competing in English, and Division I teams consist of English and western, including reining, horsemanship, flat, and jumping.
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In individual nations where reining competitions are held, national organizations usually oversee the sport. Reining classes can be held at a stand-alone competition just for reiners, or as one category within many different classes offered at a
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executed fast spin will score higher than an equally perfectly executed slow one. A score below 70 reflects deductions for poorly performed movements or penalties, a score above 70 reflects that some or all movements were above average.
338:: the horse backs up quickly for at least 10 feet (3 m). The horse must back in a perfectly straight line, stop when asked and hesitate a moment before the next movement. It is judged on how quick, smooth and straight the line is.
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are also another form of protection that is used, this helps give support to the tendons and ligaments, and prevents bruising and irritation. These can be used on all four legs but if wrapped improperly can cause damage.
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Scoring is on the basis of 70 and it is an average score for a horse that made no errors but also did not perform maneuvers with a higher level of difficulty. Points for each maneuver are added or subtracted by
641:. Gloves are optional. There has historically been less difference between men's and women's attire in reining than in most western events, though women's clothing is more influenced by fashion trends from
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years to reduce the stress on young horses. Junior horse divisions at one time were limited to horses that were only 3 and, sometimes, 4 years old. Expansion to age five parallels the standards set by the
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horses for pay), youth riders of various ages, adult riders over age 40 or 50, as well as open events for all competitors. Classes may also be limited by the experience level of the horse or the rider.
783:, are the national organizations overseeing FEI and high performance competition in the USA, but also work with the NRHA in non-FEI open reining competition sanctioned by the USEF, and in individual
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resistance. Slide plates often have long trailers to help the horse's hind legs slide in a straight path as well as a rolled toe so that the front of the hoof does not accidentally catch the ground.
746:, and developed a worldwide membership as well as standardized rules and patterns that significantly influenced other organizations, including the AQHA and USEF. The sport of reining became an
235:(to rope cattle), opening a gate, or simply waving a hand, hat or rope to move along a reluctant herd animal. Informal demonstrations of these ideal characteristics amongst ranch cowboys and
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775:. For example, in the United States, the National Reining Horse Association (NRHA) creates patterns and develops judging standards, sanctioning events open to all breeds. However, the
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is essential, as the limbs and joints are often under considerable stress in competition. The horse must also have an excellent temperament to perform with both speed and precision.
390:: the horse is asked to stand still for a few seconds to "settle" between certain movements in the reining pattern, particularly after spins. Pauses are not judged as a movement
874:, which increases the difficulty of the movements. The rider must include a specified number of spins, stops and flying lead changes in a performance. Rollbacks, rein backs and
538:. Powerful hindquarters are required to hold position in a sliding stop or a rollback, excellent coordination is required for proper spins and flying lead changes. Correct leg
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A proper sliding stop requires a horse to keep its head down, back rounded, hindquarters well underneath the body, and to "walk" with the front legs as the hind legs slide.
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competitions, recognizing that the physical and mental development of most young horses is not considered complete until that time. Further, though many western
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competition, and thus women sometimes wear brighter colors, and are more apt to add a decorated jacket or vest, though usually not as flashy as in other
344:: the horse immediately, without hesitation, performs a 180-degree turn after halting from a sliding stop, and immediately goes forward again into a
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The reining pattern includes an average of eight to twelve movements which must be executed by the horse. Patterns require the following movements:
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Freestyle reining allows a horse and rider team to incorporate reining movements into a three and one-half minute musical routine, akin to the
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is sometimes used to describe a turn on the hindquarters of up to 360 degrees where the horse has to keep a rear pivot foot stationary. In
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where the riders guide the horses through a precise pattern of circles, spins, and stops. All work is done at the lope (a version of the
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complete the change, or a horse that changes early, late, or that changes only the front feet and not the hind feet will be penalized.
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competition, pivots of 90, 180, or 360 degrees are sometimes used in pattern classes to introduce youth riders to reining concepts.
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and protect the hoof and coronary band, are also usually seen, sometimes only on the front feet, other times on all four feet.
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was established to serve as the reining sport affiliate for the USEF and FEI competition structure in the United States.
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may be added and scored. Competitors are judged on technical merit and artistic impression. At some competitions, an
831:). Reining is growing in popularity around the world, including Europe and Australia. It was added as a part of the
750:-recognized discipline in 2000, and FEI-sanctioned reining competitions are held across the world, including at the
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A competitor performing the sliding stop, one of the signature and most crowd-pleasing moves of a reining horse
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534:, dominate the field. The reining horse must be agile, quick, and very responsive to the rider's
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665:. In most cases, riders with a horse in a curb must give all rein commands with only one hand.
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1090:, California Court of Appeals, 2003 WL 22512042, November 6, 2003, retrieved September 5, 2011
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436:-point increments for each of the 7 to 8 maneuvers in the designated pattern as follows:
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This article is about the sport. For the equipment used to guide and direct a horse, see
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FĂ©dĂ©ration Ăquestre
Internationale (FEI)/International Federation for Equestrian Sports
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is also allowed on "junior" horses. There are very strict rules about what types of
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Arena indoor or outdoor with dirt or similar footing suitable for the horse
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Other nations with traditions of herding livestock on vast areas, such as
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795:. Breed organizations that sanction their own shows, including those for
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Horses in most types of reining competition are required to perform in a
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evolved into the sport of reining, as well as the related events of
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well under, and the motion should be continuous with no hesitation.
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1058:, pg 36, FedaraciĂłn Ecuestre Mexicana, retrieved September 5, 2011
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The spin is one of the most difficult and crowd-pleasing maneuvers
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usually for three-year-old horses, which pay very large purses.
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is permitted by some organizations, though not commonly used.
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years old. Both the NRHA and many breed associations offer
309:: the horse changes its leading front and hind legs at the
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2011 USEF Rule Book, "Arabian Horse
Division" Rule AR 199
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2011 USEF Rule Book, "Reining Horse
Division" Rule RN 101
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2011 USEF Rule Book, "Reining Horse
Division" Rule RN 101
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2011 USEF Rule Book, "Morgan Horse
Division" Rule MO 176
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Riders may use both hands when a horse is ridden with a
348:. The horse must turn on its hindquarters, bringing its
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show reining competition governed by the USEF, such as
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998:. Colorado Springs, CO: Western Horseman. p. 8.
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1046:, pg 6, Equine Canada, retrieved September 5, 2011
1044:2011 Rules of Equine Canada, "Section K - Reining"
823:International competitions are regulated by the
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1019:
1017:
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730:Reining as a sport was first recognized by the
621:Reining horses are usually fitted with special
526:Reining may be performed by any horse, but the
1309:National Reining Horse Association Switzerland
950:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
847:A competitor in Freestyle reining, dressed as
825:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
226:or other means of holding the animals. A good
52:International Federation for Equestrian Sports
1329:
1214:2010 Appaloosa Horse Club Rule Book, rule 502
779:(USEF) and its reining discipline affiliate,
120:, including bit, spurs, chaps, and headstall.
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83:individual and team at international levels
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2082:Type of western horse riding competition
1249:Competing in Western Shows & Events.
994:Kinsey, Mike; Jennifer Denison (2008).
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637:. In most competitions, they also wear
629:Riders must wear a long-sleeved shirt,
1274:National Reined Cow Horse Association
974:National Reined Cow Horse Association
595:on their lower front legs as well as
285:: the horse must perform large, fast
162:more commonly known worldwide as the
7:
1155:2007 USEF Rulebook, Western division
1131:2007 USEF Rulebook, Western division
589:For protection, horses usually wear
1284:United States Equestrian Federation
956:United States Equestrian Federation
777:United States Equestrian Federation
736:United States Equestrian Federation
682:Sometimes reining classes at breed
206:from horseback. Cattle were moved,
1279:National Reining Horse Association
968:National Reining Horse Association
962:American Quarter Horse Association
740:National Reining Horse Association
732:American Quarter Horse Association
14:
742:(NRHA) was formed in 1966 in the
734:(AQHA) in 1949, and later by the
815:) also cooperate with the NRHA.
454:for an extremely poor execution
293:and smaller, slow circles at a
566:are western-styled, without a
277:Circles are performed at speed
231:that could include handling a
178:, dating back to the earliest
174:Throughout the history of the
1:
1078:) retrieved September 5, 2011
2105:Horse showing and exhibition
1407:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
1167:2011 AQHA handbook, rule 450
1105:2011 AQHA handbook, rule 443
649:events. Wearing a certified
1951:Western riding (horse show)
1497:List of horse racing venues
1205:retrieved September 5, 2011
1193:retrieved September 5, 2011
1181:retrieved September 5, 2011
878:type maneuvers such as the
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2110:FEI-recognized competition
1962:breed-specific disciplines
1031:November 13, 2012, at the
182:settlers in what today is
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2066:List of historical horses
1487:Thoroughbred horse racing
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1143:2007 NRHA handbook, p. 33
1117:2007 NRHA handbook, p. 68
858:Freestyle competition in
530:breeds, particularly the
247:as well as several other
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2010:Competitive trail riding
1492:Films about horse racing
1074:August 15, 2011, at the
609:, which wrap around the
210:, doctored, sorted, and
1833:Cowboy mounted shooting
1230:March 19, 2006, at the
1224:Freestyle reining rules
657:Bit and Hackamore rules
218:without the benefit of
20:. For the surname, see
2071:Women in equestrianism
1874:exhibition disciplines
1294:British Reining Online
1247:Strickland, Charlene.
1056:Reglamento Para Rienda
1026:NRHA rules for judging
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833:World Equestrian Games
752:World Equestrian Games
532:American Quarter Horse
473:0 for correct with no
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1530:Equestrian drill team
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835:, beginning in 2002.
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2100:Western-style riding
2035:Mounted orienteering
1984:Icelandic equitation
1720:Working stock sports
546:Equipment and attire
475:degree of difficulty
1969:Camargue equitation
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726:Reining competition
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1989:Working equitation
1936:Trail (horse show)
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996:Backcountry Basics
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615:Exercise bandages
570:or cavesson. The
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245:working cow horse
202:needed to manage
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22:Reining (surname)
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1607:Equine agility
1604:
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1477:Point-to-point
1474:
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1467:Harness racing
1464:
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1263:External links
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940:Western riding
937:
932:
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900:
897:
884:applause meter
864:figure skating
840:
837:
820:
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797:Quarter Horses
767:
764:
727:
724:
658:
655:
601:on their hind
592:brushing boots
552:western saddle
547:
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510:
493:
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477:
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339:
335:Back or Backup
331:
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267:
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152:western riding
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114:western saddle
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2030:Hunter pacing
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Cross-country
2013:
2011:
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1792:Ranch sorting
1790:
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1762:Chilean rodeo
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1696:Horse pulling
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1671:Ban'ei racing
1669:
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1587:Barrel racing
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1399:
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1383:
1381:
1378:disciplines,
1377:
1373:
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1362:
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1358:Equestrianism
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1257:1-58017-031-5
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1005:0-911647-84-8
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930:Ranch sorting
928:
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923:
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902:
898:
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891:
890:College Level
887:
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869:
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826:
819:International
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786:
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749:
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744:United States
741:
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733:
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723:
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719:
698:
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678:
675:
671:
666:
664:
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636:
632:
627:
624:
619:
616:
612:
608:
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594:
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587:
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581:
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573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
515:
509:for excellent
494:
491:
478:
476:
472:
459:
456:
439:
438:
437:
405:
398:
393:
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
363:
358:
351:
347:
343:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
326:
325:
324:
319:
316:
312:
308:
307:
303:
300:
299:flying change
296:
292:
288:
284:
281:
280:
275:
271:
265:
263:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:United States
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
140:
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
65:
62:United States
61:
57:
53:
50:
48:
43:
36:
31:
23:
19:
2045:Trail riding
2020:Field hunter
1998:Field sports
1979:Doma vaquera
1960:Regional and
1931:Stunt riding
1860:Pig sticking
1807:Team penning
1752:Campdrafting
1742:Bronc riding
1691:Fine harness
1647:Sinjska alka
1637:Pole bending
1622:Keyhole race
1571:Team chasing
1482:Steeplechase
1454:Horse racing
1434:Tent pegging
1428:
1398:Show jumping
1363:
1355:
1248:
1219:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1112:
1083:
1063:
1051:
1039:
995:
989:
935:Team penning
910:Campdrafting
893:
889:
888:
855:
853:
822:
807:(ApHC), and
769:
760:
729:
716:snaffle bit
715:
681:
667:
660:
635:cowboy boots
628:
620:
596:
590:
588:
549:
540:conformation
525:
516:
512:
410:
391:
387:
383:
373:
369:
365:
341:
333:
328:Sliding Stop
327:
323:
317:
304:
282:
269:
253:
190:, including
173:
147:
146:
116:and related
80:Team members
59:First played
2025:Fox hunting
1916:Show hunter
1906:Saddle seat
1812:Team roping
1747:Calf roping
1642:Potato race
1602:Dzhigitovka
1525:Cowboy polo
1513:Team sports
1502:by capacity
1462:Flat racing
1289:USA Reining
785:horse breed
781:USA Reining
756:USA Reining
754:. In 2011,
697:stock horse
670:snaffle bit
586:are legal.
528:Stock horse
422:-, 1-, and
370:Turnarounds
214:, often on
2089:Categories
1926:Sidesaddle
1870:Horse show
1782:Goat tying
1566:Polocrosse
1365:Equitation
981:References
849:Miss Piggy
805:Appaloosas
773:horse show
718:futurities
647:horse show
623:horseshoes
607:Bell boots
598:skid boots
289:at a near-
249:horse show
216:open range
196:California
160:horse gait
118:horse tack
2005:Cavalcade
1911:Show hack
1901:Hunt seat
1757:CharrerĂa
1652:Skijoring
1632:O-Mok-See
1424:Horseball
1419:Endurance
1299:EURO Rein
880:half-pass
839:Freestyle
693:endurance
677:hackamore
576:hackamore
562:are not.
522:The horse
266:Movements
260:Argentina
256:Australia
251:classes.
141:Worldwide
106:Equipment
89:Mixed-sex
1848:Yabusame
1838:Jousting
1826:Weaponry
1706:Roadster
1617:Gymkhana
1612:Er Enish
1540:Fantasia
1520:Buzkashi
1439:Vaulting
1393:Eventing
1388:Dressage
1228:Archived
1072:Archived
1029:Archived
899:See also
876:dressage
860:Dressage
793:Arabians
766:National
663:curb bit
603:fetlocks
568:noseband
536:commands
470:for poor
388:Hesitate
342:Rollback
301:of lead.
237:vaqueros
200:ranchers
176:Americas
133:Presence
45:Highest
2095:Reining
2059:Related
1772:Cutting
1662:Driving
1627:Kyz kuu
1547:(cirit)
1429:Reining
1380:Olympic
1242:Sources
976:(NRCHA)
789:Morgans
709:⁄
691:and in
611:pastern
564:Bridles
504:⁄
484:⁄
465:⁄
449:⁄
431:⁄
417:⁄
399:Scoring
318:Rundown
287:circles
283:Circles
241:cutting
208:branded
180:Spanish
170:Origins
148:Reining
72:Contact
28:Reining
1855:Pasola
1664:sports
1545:Jereed
1255:
1002:
970:(NRHA)
964:(AQHA)
958:(USEF)
920:Cowboy
872:bridle
868:saddle
633:, and
584:bosals
574:style
392:per se
291:gallop
233:lariat
228:cowboy
220:fences
212:herded
204:cattle
184:Mexico
164:canter
156:horses
1797:Rodeo
1767:Coleo
1472:Palio
952:(FEI)
925:Ranch
905:Horse
684:shows
674:bosal
672:or a
639:chaps
631:jeans
572:bosal
560:whips
556:Spurs
384:Pause
374:Pivot
366:Spins
350:hocks
224:barns
192:Texas
150:is a
125:Venue
110:horse
54:(FEI)
18:reins
2050:TREC
1561:Polo
1556:Pato
1551:Mata
1253:ISBN
1000:ISBN
813:APHA
801:AQHA
582:and
580:bits
346:lope
311:lope
295:lope
258:and
243:and
194:and
98:Type
1872:and
1376:FEI
856:KUR
829:FEI
803:),
791:or
748:FEI
689:FEI
386:or
378:4-H
368:or
93:yes
2091::
1226:.
1123:^
1095:^
1014:^
605:.
554:.
222:,
198:,
112:,
75:no
1337:e
1330:t
1323:v
1234:.
1169:.
1145:.
1133:.
1107:.
1070:(
1008:.
827:(
811:(
799:(
720:,
711:2
707:1
704:+
702:2
506:2
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499:+
497:1
495:+
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451:2
447:1
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426:+
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