400:
Mexico, which in 2006 was among the first countries in the world to introduce rotavirus vaccine, the diarrheal disease death rates from rotavirus dropped by more than 65% among children age two and under during the 2009 rotavirus season. In
Nicaragua, which in 2006 became the first developing country to introduce the rotavirus vaccine, investigators recorded a substantial impact, with rotavirus vaccine preventing 60% of cases against severe rotavirus and cutting emergency room visits in half. In the United States, vaccination has reduced rotavirus-related hospitalizations by as much as 86% since 2006. In April 2016, the World Health Organization released statistics for the period of 2000–2013, which showed developing countries that have introduced rotavirus vaccines experienced significant decreases in deaths and hospitalizations from rotavirus diarrhea after introduction.
538:
infants. The excess risk was estimated between one case in 5,000 to 10,000 vaccinees. Based on these data, the
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) withdraw recommendation to use the vaccine, and the manufacturer of the vaccine withdrew it from the market in 1999. There then followed eight years of delay until rival manufacturers were able to introduce new vaccines that were shown to be more safe and effective in children: Rotarix by
3491:
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Committee (VRBPAC). On 6 May 2010, the FDA announced its decision to revoke the suspension, stating that porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 pose no safety risks in humans and concluded that health risks involved did not offset the benefits of the vaccination. In May 2010 the suspension of the
Rotarix vaccine was lifted.
399:
Rotavirus vaccines are licensed in more than 100 countries, and more than 80 countries have introduced routine rotavirus vaccination. The incidence and severity of rotavirus infections has declined significantly in countries that have acted on the recommendation to introduce the rotavirus vaccine. In
454:
A parent strains of the reassortants were isolated from human and bovine hosts. Four reassortant rotaviruses express one of the outer capsid, VP7, proteins (serotypes G1, G2, G3, or G4) from the human rotavirus parent strain and the attachment protein VP4 (type P7) from the bovine rotavirus parent
433:
Rotarix is a monovalent, human, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine containing one rotavirus strain of G1P specificity. Rotarix is indicated for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by G1 and non-G1 types (G3, G4, and G9) when administered as a 2-dose series in infants and children. It
2088:
Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Assess the
Efficacy and Safety of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine (BRV-PV) Against Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Infants in Niger NCT02145000\Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Assess the
583:
types 1 and 2 within
Rotateq and Rotarix prompted the FDA to suspend the use of rotavirus vaccines while conducting an investigation the finding of DNA from porcine circovirus-1 (PCV1) in the vaccine in collaboration with the 12 members of the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory
537:
and her colleagues at the
Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kramarz et al., found that Infants who received the vaccine were 30 times more likely to develop a severe form of bowel obstruction, called intussusception, during 3 to 7 days after the first dose than unvaccinated
403:
Additionally, the vaccines may also prevent illness in non-vaccinated children by limiting exposure through the number of circulating infections. A 2014 review of available clinical trial data from countries routinely using rotavirus vaccines in their national immunization programs found that
563:
A 2009 review estimated that vaccination against rotavirus would prevent about 45% of deaths due to rotavirus gastroenteritis, or about 228,000 deaths annually worldwide. At US$ 5 per dose, the estimated cost per life saved was $ 3,015, $ 9,951 and $ 11,296 in low-, lower-middle-, and
504:
pentavalent vaccine licensed for use in India in 2018. It contain human bovine reassortant strains of rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9. This is world's first thermostable vaccine which can be stored without refrigeration at or below 25 °C. Rotasiil is manufactured by the
549:
The World Health
Organization recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in all national immunization schedules because the risk of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination remains very low compared with the benefits of preventing the impact of severe and deadly diarrhoea.
463:
approved
Rotateq for use in Canada. Merck worked with a range of partners including governmental and non-governmental organisations to develop and implement mechanisms for providing access to this vaccine in the developing world, an effort which was slated to come to an end in 2020.
455:
strain. The fifth reassortant virus expresses the attachment protein VP4, (type P1A), from the human rotavirus parent strain and the outer capsid protein VP7 (serotype G6) from the bovine rotavirus parent strain. In
February 2006, the US
476:. It is a live attenuated, monovalent vaccine containing a G9P human strain isolated from an Indian child. It is given by mouth in a three-dose series, four weeks apart, beginning at six weeks of age up until eight months of age.
3546:
2122:
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Safety and efficacy trials in Africa and Asia found that the vaccines dramatically reduced severe disease among infants in developing countries, where a majority of rotavirus-related deaths occur. A 2021
1194:
Patel M, Pedreira C, De
Oliveira LH, Tate J, Orozco M, Mercado J, et al. (June 2009). "Association between pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and severe rotavirus diarrhea among children in Nicaragua".
344:
and 37–96% of the risk of death among young children due to severe diarrhea. Immunizing babies decreases rates of disease among older people and those who have not been immunized.
1530:
2193:
492:
Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine was licensed for use in China in 2000, and is manufactured by the Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products. It contains a G10P lamb rotavirus strain.
484:
Rotavin-M1 was licensed for use in Vietnam in 2007, and is manufactured by the Center for Research and Production of Vaccines. The vaccine contains a G1P human rotavirus strain.
160:
1106:"Summary of effectiveness and impact of rotavirus vaccination with the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: a systematic review of the experience in industrialized countries"
657:
627:
307:
3382:
1500:
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1847:
Kramarz P, France EK, Destefano F, Black SB, Shinefield H, Ward JI, et al. (April 2001). "Population-based study of rotavirus vaccination and intussusception".
1601:
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systematic review concluded that Rotavac, Rotateq, and Rotarix vaccines are safe and are effective at preventing diarrhea that is related to a rotavirus infection.
2525:
2106:
2414:
2042:
1411:
84:
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Naik SP, Zade JK, Sabale RN, Pisal SS, Menon R, Bankar SG, et al. (May 2017). "Stability of heat stable, live attenuated Rotavirus vaccine (ROTASIIL®)".
2565:
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (September 2004). "Suspension of rotavirus vaccine after reports of intussusception--United States, 1999".
1623:
2308:
2274:
3526:
2152:
1724:
2327:
1074:
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A, and researchers had detected no statistically significant serious adverse effects. However post-licensure studies conducted in the United States by
2962:
2222:"Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)"
2575:
3433:
3361:
1537:
1450:
918:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
891:
375:
2967:
2064:
1478:
1359:
2175:
756:
2072:
2999:
2677:
2530:
1153:
Richardson V, Hernandez-Pichardo J, Quintanar-Solares M, Esparza-Aguilar M, Johnson B, Gomez-Altamirano CM, et al. (January 2010).
1025:
Bergman H, Henschke N, Hungerford D, Pitan F, Ndwandwe D, Cunliffe N, et al. (Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (November 2021).
723:
690:
3409:
2746:
2716:
2349:
2821:
2278:
3388:
2358:
2972:
649:
619:
595:(MSF) developed a heat-stable version named BRV-PV. Phase 3 of the clinical trials were completed in Niger on 31 December 2020.
3009:
2977:
2801:
2751:
2089:
Efficacy and Safety of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine (BRV-PV) Against Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Infants in Niger
200:
116:
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1749:
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1238:
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2037:
1683:
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rotavirus vaccines have reduced rotavirus hospitalizations by 49–92% and all-cause diarrhea hospitalizations by 17–55%.
3450:
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1508:
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1389:
135:
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1653:
941:
913:
750:
717:
684:
348:
3541:
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2957:
2952:
2947:
2321:
1631:
599:
506:
2144:
1746:
WHO—Prequalification of Medical Products (IVDs, Medicines, Vaccines and Immunization Devices, Vector Control)
1715:
3536:
3438:
3371:
3352:
3148:
3120:
3082:
3077:
3057:
2580:
1082:
592:
146:
1989:"Economic costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries"
3516:
3419:
3348:
2342:
412:
The World Health Organization recommends the first dose of vaccine be given right after six weeks of age.
393:
1104:
Giaquinto C, Dominiak-Felden G, Van Damme P, Myint TT, Maldonado YA, Spoulou V, et al. (July 2011).
3414:
3248:
3243:
2694:
2640:
2550:
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More than 80 countries have introduced routine rotavirus vaccination, almost half with the support of
3521:
3297:
3238:
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2667:
2545:
2496:
2463:
2397:
2302:
543:
352:
355:
programs, especially in areas where the disease is common. This should be done along with promoting
3220:
3186:
3072:
2838:
2833:
2779:
2610:
2478:
2450:
2402:
1806:
Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, Nelson DB, Jumaan AO, Okoro CA, et al. (February 2001).
887:
360:
242:
153:
94:
3253:
3087:
2828:
2789:
2774:
2650:
2620:
2540:
2458:
2180:
2093:
1872:
1593:
1329:
1135:
866:
580:
368:
62:
1466:
1347:
745:
363:
and requires two or three doses. The vaccines are safe. This includes their use in people with
3531:
3376:
3343:
3322:
3176:
3017:
2796:
2657:
2482:
2445:
2335:
2317:
2236:
2185:
2114:
2087:
2010:
1969:
1934:
1899:
1864:
1829:
1788:
1585:
1446:
1438:
1321:
1283:
1212:
1176:
1127:
1056:
1007:
858:
814:
215:
74:
620:"Rotarix- rotavirus vaccine, live, oral kit; Rotarix- rotavirus vaccine, live, oral solution"
446:
Rotateq is a live, oral pentavalent vaccine that contains five rotavirus strains produced by
3302:
3287:
3143:
3004:
2917:
2000:
1961:
1926:
1856:
1819:
1780:
1665:
1577:
1313:
1273:
1204:
1166:
1117:
1046:
1038:
997:
987:
953:
921:
848:
806:
712:
679:
341:
251:
3483:
3307:
3105:
2912:
2870:
2736:
2706:
2689:
2615:
2605:
2535:
2474:
2470:
2419:
1987:
Rheingans RD, Antil L, Dreibelbis R, Podewils LJ, Bresee JS, Parashar UD (November 2009).
976:"Health Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination in Developing Countries: Progress and Way Forward"
539:
529:
had found it to be 80 to 100% effective at preventing severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus
434:
was approved in the European Union in 2006, and by the US FDA in April 2008. It is taken
2268:
1002:
975:
3495:
3444:
3171:
3062:
3022:
2902:
2723:
2662:
2264:
1051:
1026:
473:
1581:
3505:
3327:
3312:
3282:
3277:
3132:
2895:
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2885:
2880:
2784:
2630:
2429:
1860:
1434:
568:
460:
356:
108:
1876:
1333:
1139:
974:
Parashar UD, Johnson H, Steele AD, Tate JE (May 2016). Parashar UD, Tate JE (eds.).
3404:
3047:
2942:
2875:
2816:
2811:
2635:
2491:
2382:
2362:
1597:
1231:"WHO | Estimated rotavirus deaths for children under 5 years of age: 2013, 215 000"
1042:
870:
521:) was licensed for use in the United States. Clinical trials in the United States,
447:
183:
178:
173:
168:
1784:
1741:
340:
among young children. The vaccines prevent 15–34% of severe diarrhea in the
33:
853:
836:
3191:
3181:
3042:
2848:
2843:
2756:
2731:
2699:
2625:
2487:
2378:
2370:
1824:
1807:
1304:
O'Ryan M (February 2007). "Rotarix (RIX4414): an oral human rotavirus vaccine".
835:
Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD (January 2011).
501:
102:
1930:
3317:
3292:
2982:
2932:
374:
The vaccine first became available in the United States in 2006. It is on the
262:
2221:
2189:
2118:
1687:
3366:
2937:
2805:
2374:
1317:
1155:"Effect of rotavirus vaccination on death from childhood diarrhea in Mexico"
526:
333:
88:
50:
2240:
2014:
1973:
1938:
1903:
1868:
1833:
1792:
1589:
1325:
1287:
1216:
1180:
1131:
1060:
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862:
818:
1208:
1171:
1154:
992:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3166:
2922:
2858:
2853:
1278:
1261:
1122:
1105:
1075:"Rotavirus Deaths & Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction Maps—ROTA Council"
435:
364:
337:
130:
1965:
1917:
Matson DO (October 2006). "The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, Rotateq".
1669:
1656:(2014). "Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 11-12 June 2014".
957:
926:
810:
2927:
2684:
2366:
522:
329:
57:
40:
17:
3490:
2107:"Rotavirus vaccine could save lives of almost 500,000 children a year"
472:
Rotavac was licensed for use in India in 2014, and is manufactured by
3230:
3215:
2501:
459:(FDA) approved Rotateq for use in the United States. In August 2006,
1952:"Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 11–12 December 2013".
1536:(Press release). Merck Frosst Canada. 23 August 2006. Archived from
2005:
1988:
425:
294:
287:
3225:
3110:
2711:
2645:
2263:
Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, Morelli V, Schillie S, eds. (2021).
518:
2520:
351:(WHO) recommends that rotavirus vaccine be included in national
278:
221:
2331:
1808:"Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine"
209:
125:
2145:"Rotavirus vaccination tied to lower rates of type 1 diabetes"
1027:"Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use"
650:"Rotateq- rotavirus vaccine, live, oral, pentavalent solution"
2033:"Update on Recommendations for the Use of Rotavirus Vaccines"
359:, handwashing, clean water, and good sanitation. It is given
2270:
Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
797:"Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013".
546:. Both are taken orally and contain disabled live virus.
3547:
World Health Organization essential medicines (vaccines)
2176:"Rotavirus Vaccine May Protect Against Type 1 Diabetes"
376:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
314:
1624:"Merck Ends Delivery of Lifesaving Vaccines to Africa"
3467:
890:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
598:
The vaccine has been associated with lower rates of
27:
Vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections
3397:
3336:
3268:
3159:
3131:
3098:
2767:
2598:
2591:
2510:
2438:
2390:
1717:
Rotavirus: Common, Severe, Devastating, Preventable
277:
261:
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236:
199:
194:
159:
145:
115:
101:
83:
73:
68:
56:
46:
39:
1563:
944:(December 2009). "Rotavirus vaccines: an update".
336:infections, which are the leading cause of severe
3383:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
1630:. Ozymandias.com. 2 November 2018. Archived from
1565:"Project seeks to "fast track" rotavirus vaccine"
1441:. In Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA (eds.).
1299:
1297:
250:
378:. The vaccine is available in many countries.
2343:
564:upper-middle-income countries, respectively.
517:In 1998, a rotavirus vaccine (RotaShield, by
8:
2026:
2024:
1626:. The Presidential Daily Brief: Intriguing.
837:"Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination"
134:
32:
1892:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1709:
1707:
1705:
1031:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
229:In general: â„ž (Prescription only)
2595:
2350:
2336:
2328:
2309:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2275:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
882:
880:
2320:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2303:"Rotavirus Vaccine Information Statement"
2220:Cortese MM, Parashar UD (February 2009).
2004:
1919:Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
1823:
1277:
1170:
1121:
1050:
1001:
991:
925:
852:
830:
828:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
579:In March 2010, the detection of DNA from
1849:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
841:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
424:
3474:
2273:(14th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S.
1507:(FDA). 25 February 2009. Archived from
1445:. Elsevier Saunders. pp. 669–687.
611:
429:Rotarix vaccine for oral administration
107:
1730:from the original on 8 September 2017.
1260:Tate JE, Parashar UD (November 2014).
660:from the original on 12 September 2023
31:
2281:from the original on 30 December 2016
2196:from the original on 12 February 2019
2155:from the original on 10 February 2019
1362:from the original on 14 February 2024
969:
967:
920:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
894:from the original on 22 December 2015
93:
7:
2250:from the original on 17 October 2020
1388:(FDA). 13 April 2009. Archived from
693:from the original on 1 December 2023
630:from the original on 1 December 2023
474:Bharat Biotech International Limited
182:
172:
2065:"Rotarix Vaccine Suspension Lifted"
2031:U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
1954:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
1812:The New England Journal of Medicine
1604:from the original on 29 August 2021
1262:"Rotavirus vaccines in routine use"
1159:The New England Journal of Medicine
799:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
759:from the original on 1 October 2022
293:
286:
3527:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
3410:Eradication of infectious diseases
3167:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
2125:from the original on 23 March 2017
1993:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
25:
3000:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
2229:MMWR. Recommendations and Reports
2045:from the original on 19 June 2012
1752:from the original on 27 July 2022
1416:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
3489:
3477:
3389:Alternative vaccination schedule
2359:Artificial induction of immunity
1861:10.1097/00006454-200104000-00008
1481:from the original on 17 May 2024
1531:"Rotateq Is Approved In Canada"
726:from the original on 2 May 2024
3221:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
1418:. 3 April 2008. Archived from
1043:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub6
575:Temporary suspension in the US
1:
2752:Group B streptococcal disease
2571:Vaccines for Children Program
2174:Bakalar N (30 January 2019).
1785:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.025
1658:Weekly Epidemiological Record
1582:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12549-4
946:Weekly Epidemiological Record
888:"Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral"
367:. The vaccines are made from
2069:FDA's MedWatch Safety Alerts
2038:Food and Drug Administration
1562:McCarthy M (February 2003).
1505:Food and Drug Administration
1473:Food and Drug Administration
1386:Food and Drug Administration
1354:Food and Drug Administration
1266:Clinical Infectious Diseases
980:Clinical Infectious Diseases
854:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f
457:Food and Drug Administration
1960:(7): 53–60. February 2014.
1825:10.1056/NEJM200102223440804
805:(5): 49–64. February 2013.
3563:
2071:. May 2010. Archived from
1931:10.1053/j.spid.2006.08.005
930:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
569:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
3428:
2105:Hodal K (22 March 2017).
1654:World Health Organization
1412:"Approval Letter—Rotarix"
1306:Expert Review of Vaccines
942:World Health Organization
914:World Health Organization
751:European Medicines Agency
718:European Medicines Agency
685:European Medicines Agency
349:World Health Organization
304:
2747:Clostridioides difficile
2322:Medical Subject Headings
1684:"ROTAVAC—Bharat Biotech"
1439:"30. Rotavirus Vaccines"
507:Serum Institute of India
332:used to protect against
79:Rotarix, Rotateq, others
3010:Tick-borne encephalitis
2265:"Chapter 19: Rotavirus"
1318:10.1586/14760584.6.1.11
593:Doctors Without Borders
3420:List of vaccine topics
2415:Mathematical modelling
2085:Clinical trial number
1437:, Parashar UD (2013).
430:
3415:Vaccinate Your Family
2866:Japanese encephalitis
1714:Rota Council (2016).
1209:10.1001/jama.2009.756
1172:10.1056/NEJMoa0905211
428:
3298:John Franklin Enders
1999:(Suppl 1): S16–S27.
1422:on 29 November 2014.
1123:10.4161/hv.7.7.15511
986:(Suppl 2): S91–S95.
689:. 21 February 2006.
353:routine vaccinations
2479:Virus-like particle
2403:Vaccine ingredients
2151:. 22 January 2019.
1358:. 4 November 2022.
993:10.1093/cid/civ1015
626:. 24 January 2024.
554:Society and culture
41:Vaccine description
36:
3455:Never to phase III
3254:Hexavalent vaccine
3068:Epstein–Barr virus
2963:Oxford–AstraZeneca
2651:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
2318:Rotavirus Vaccines
2181:The New York Times
2094:ClinicalTrials.gov
2075:on 24 August 2010.
1634:on 2 November 2018
1477:. 14 August 2020.
1279:10.1093/cid/ciu564
847:(1 Suppl): S1–S5.
581:porcine circovirus
431:
369:weakened rotavirus
3465:
3464:
3377:Vaccines and SIDS
3264:
3263:
3038:Hepatitis A and B
3014:Varicella zoster
2471:Subunit/component
1779:(22): 2962–2969.
1543:on 2 October 2008
1452:978-1-4557-0090-5
1203:(21): 2243–2251.
952:(51–52): 533–37.
746:"Rotashield EPAR"
326:rotavirus vaccine
322:
321:
225:
213:
128:
34:Rotavirus vaccine
16:(Redirected from
3554:
3512:Gastroenterology
3494:
3493:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3356:MMR autism fraud
3303:Maurice Hilleman
3288:Hilary Koprowski
2596:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2314:
2313:. 27 April 2023.
2290:
2288:
2286:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2226:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2102:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2008:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:. 17 July 2020.
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1686:. Archived from
1680:
1674:
1673:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1567:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1272:(9): 1291–1301.
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1237:. Archived from
1227:
1221:
1220:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1125:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1081:. Archived from
1071:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1037:(11): CD008521.
1022:
1016:
1015:
1005:
995:
971:
962:
961:
938:
932:
931:
929:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
884:
875:
874:
856:
832:
823:
822:
794:
769:
768:
766:
764:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
722:. 27 June 2006.
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
656:. 7 March 2023.
646:
640:
639:
637:
635:
616:
532:
453:
342:developing world
318:
317:
310:
297:
290:
254:
223:
220:
211:
208:
186:
176:
138:
127:
124:
111:
97:
37:
35:
21:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3542:Withdrawn drugs
3502:
3501:
3500:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3445:Clinical trials
3424:
3393:
3332:
3308:Stanley Plotkin
3270:
3260:
3172:Cancer vaccines
3155:
3149:Schistosomiasis
3127:
3121:Trypanosomiasis
3094:
3058:Cytomegalovirus
2968:Pfizer–BioNTech
2763:
2587:
2536:Vaccine wastage
2506:
2434:
2386:
2356:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2282:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2213:Further reading
2210:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2084:
2080:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2030:
2029:
2022:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1898:(34): 786–789.
1889:
1888:
1884:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1511:on 22 July 2017
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1392:on 22 July 2017
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1241:on 2 April 2014
1229:
1228:
1224:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1085:on 12 July 2016
1079:rotacouncil.org
1073:
1072:
1068:
1024:
1023:
1019:
973:
972:
965:
940:
939:
935:
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
886:
885:
878:
834:
833:
826:
796:
795:
772:
762:
760:
755:. 7 June 2001.
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
678:
677:
673:
663:
661:
648:
647:
643:
633:
631:
618:
617:
613:
608:
600:type 1 diabetes
590:
577:
561:
556:
542:and Rotateq by
540:GlaxoSmithKline
530:
515:
498:
490:
482:
470:
451:
450:. The rotavirus
444:
423:
418:
410:
389:
384:
313:
311:
308:(what is this?)
305:
300:
273:
257:
232:
190:
148:
141:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3537:Viral diseases
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3323:Katalin KarikĂł
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3078:Herpes simplex
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Sinopharm BIBP
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:Bharat Biotech
2925:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2551:Vaccine injury
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2511:Administration
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2297:
2296:External links
2294:
2292:
2291:
2260:
2235:(RR-2): 1–25.
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2166:
2136:
2097:
2078:
2056:
2020:
2006:10.1086/605026
1979:
1944:
1925:(4): 195–199.
1909:
1882:
1855:(4): 410–416.
1839:
1818:(8): 564–572.
1798:
1763:
1733:
1701:
1690:on 7 June 2019
1675:
1664:(29): 321–36.
1645:
1615:
1554:
1522:
1492:
1458:
1451:
1425:
1403:
1373:
1339:
1293:
1252:
1222:
1186:
1165:(4): 299–305.
1145:
1116:(7): 734–748.
1110:Human Vaccines
1096:
1066:
1017:
963:
933:
905:
876:
824:
770:
737:
704:
680:"Rotarix EPAR"
671:
641:
610:
609:
607:
604:
589:
586:
576:
573:
560:
557:
555:
552:
514:
511:
500:Rotasiil is a
497:
494:
489:
486:
481:
478:
469:
466:
443:
440:
422:
419:
417:
414:
409:
406:
388:
385:
383:
380:
320:
319:
302:
301:
299:
298:
291:
283:
281:
275:
274:
272:
271:
267:
265:
259:
258:
256:
255:
247:
245:
239:
238:
234:
233:
231:
230:
227:
218:
205:
203:
197:
196:
192:
191:
189:
188:
165:
163:
157:
156:
151:
149:administration
143:
142:
140:
139:
121:
119:
113:
112:
105:
99:
98:
91:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:Live vaccines
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3475:
3471:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:Drew Weissman
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:H. Fred Clark
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3283:Louis Pasteur
3281:
3279:
3278:Edward Jenner
3276:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:DTwP-HepB-Hib
3247:
3245:
3244:DTaP-IPV-HepB
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:combination:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3133:Helminthiasis
3130:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:combination:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
2730:
2729:
2728:combination:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2641:Meningococcus
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Leptospirosis
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Vaccine court
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:GAVI Alliance
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1726:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:(9357): 582.
1575:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1555:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
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2695:Tuberculosis
2668:Pneumococcal
2636:Lyme disease
2464:Heterologous
2363:Immunization
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201:Legal status
195:Legal status
117:License data
58:Vaccine type
29:
3522:Rotaviruses
3441:from market
3337:Controversy
3271:researchers
3187:Hepatitis B
3073:Hepatitis C
3018:Chicken pox
2844:Hepatitis E
2839:Hepatitis B
2834:Hepatitis A
2780:Chikungunya
2757:Shigellosis
2611:Brucellosis
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2391:Development
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2371:Vaccination
2285:17 February
2200:10 February
2159:10 February
1547:29 February
898:14 December
502:lyophilized
252:889856-77-3
237:Identifiers
103:MedlinePlus
75:Trade names
3506:Categories
3372:Thiomersal
3318:Paul Offit
3293:Jonas Salk
3269:Inventors/
3140:research:
3117:research:
3054:research:
2983:Skycovione
2973:Sanofi–GSK
2918:SARS-CoV-2
2829:Hantavirus
2790:rVSV-ZEBOV
2775:Adenovirus
2743:research:
2621:Diphtheria
2459:Attenuated
1742:"ROTASIIL"
1694:29 October
1638:2 November
1608:2 November
1433:Clark HF,
606:References
480:Rotavin-M1
263:ChemSpider
243:CAS Number
63:Attenuated
3451:Phase III
3439:Withdrawn
3367:Pox party
3177:ALVAC-CEA
3099:Protozoan
2988:Sputnik V
2938:CoronaVac
2908:Rotavirus
2806:Pandemrix
2658:Pertussis
2599:Bacterial
2483:Synthetic
2446:Conjugate
2398:Adjuvants
2375:Infection
2254:6 January
2190:0362-4331
2119:0261-3077
1501:"Rotateq"
1467:"Rotateq"
1382:"Rotarix"
1348:"Rotarix"
713:"Rotateq"
559:Economics
527:Venezuela
334:rotavirus
147:Routes of
136:Rotavirus
95:Monograph
89:Drugs.com
51:Rotavirus
3532:Vaccines
3484:Medicine
3209:Prostvac
3202:Gardasil
3197:Cervarix
3144:Hookworm
3023:Shingles
3005:Smallpox
2923:Corbevax
2859:Gardasil
2854:Cervarix
2592:Vaccines
2546:Schedule
2517:Global:
2425:Timeline
2367:Vaccines
2279:Archived
2245:Archived
2241:19194371
2194:Archived
2153:Archived
2129:24 March
2123:Archived
2043:Archived
2015:19817595
1974:24707510
1939:17055370
1904:15343145
1877:23664999
1869:11332666
1834:11207352
1793:28434688
1756:30 March
1750:Archived
1725:Archived
1602:Archived
1590:12598149
1479:Archived
1443:Vaccines
1435:Offit PA
1360:Archived
1334:40193617
1326:17280473
1288:25048849
1245:30 March
1217:19491186
1181:20107215
1140:23996836
1132:21734466
1061:34788488
1012:27059361
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916:(2023).
892:Archived
863:21183833
819:23424730
757:Archived
724:Archived
691:Archived
658:Archived
654:DailyMed
628:Archived
624:DailyMed
588:Research
496:Rotasiil
436:by mouth
408:Schedule
394:Cochrane
365:HIV/AIDS
361:by mouth
338:diarrhea
315:(verify)
161:ATC code
154:By mouth
131:DailyMed
3496:Viruses
3470:Portals
3398:Related
3344:General
3106:Malaria
2993:Valneva
2958:Novavax
2953:Moderna
2948:Janssen
2933:CanSino
2913:Rubella
2871:Measles
2737:Td/Tdap
2707:Typhoid
2690:Tetanus
2685:Q fever
2616:Cholera
2606:Anthrax
2475:Peptide
2439:Classes
2420:Storage
2277:(CDC).
2149:Reuters
2049:13 July
1773:Vaccine
1598:5347100
1503:. U.S.
1384:. U.S.
1089:29 July
1052:8597890
871:1893099
523:Finland
513:History
468:Rotavac
442:Rotateq
421:Rotarix
330:vaccine
181: (
179:J07BH02
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3216:NicVAX
3063:Dengue
2903:Rabies
2724:Typhus
2663:Plague
2541:Policy
2502:Toxoid
2430:Trials
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3226:TA-CD
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2891:Sabin
2886:Polio
2881:Mumps
2785:Ebola
2768:Viral
2717:ViCPS
2712:Ty21a
2646:MeNZB
2576:VAERS
2526:NITAG
2455:Live
2311:(CDC)
2307:U.S.
2248:(PDF)
2225:(PDF)
1873:S2CID
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1721:(PDF)
1594:S2CID
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1534:(PDF)
1475:(FDA)
1471:U.S.
1356:(FDA)
1352:U.S.
1330:S2CID
1136:S2CID
867:S2CID
753:(EMA)
720:(EMA)
687:(EMA)
544:Merck
519:Wyeth
416:Types
328:is a
3088:Zika
3048:MMRV
2896:Salk
2876:Mpox
2822:LAIV
2817:H5N8
2812:H5N1
2802:H1N1
2678:PPSV
2561:ACIP
2557:US:
2531:SAGE
2492:mRNA
2408:list
2287:2023
2256:2020
2237:PMID
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