Indonesian rupiah - Knowledge (XXG)

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57 billion reserves in October defending the currency. Despite this, the rupiah slipped below Rp10,000 on 23 October for the first time since 2005, and then below Rp11,000 on 2 November, a mark last reached in 2001. On 13 November, BI introduced new regulations requiring foreign currency purchases over US$ 100,000 a month to be backed by documentation of an underlying transaction and a tax number. The rupiah closed below Rp12,000 for the first time since 1998 on 20 October, with intraday lows below Rp13,000. Subsequently, however, the cut in the Federal Reserve rate to 0–0.25% and BI support for the currency, had the rupiah strengthen slightly to a range around Rp11,000.

1834:, both introduced rival currencies in 1946 with the Dutch printing a new gulden, and the Indonesians issuing the first version of the rupiah on 3 October 1946. Between 1946 and 1950 a large number of currencies circulated in Indonesia, with the Japanese gulden still remaining prevalent alongside the two new currencies and various local variants. This situation ended when the federal government, now in complete control following the Dutch recognition of its independence, initiated currency reforms between 1950 and 1951. The rupiah was declared the sole legal currency, with other currencies being exchanged for rupiah at rates which were often unfavourable to the holders. 2301:

later in 2001 but ended 2001 at Rp10,505. March 2002 had the currency break below Rp10,000, from which point the currency maintained a rate in the Rp8,000s and Rp9,000s until August 2005, and in the latter half of that year, the trading range extended towards Rp11,000, but ending the year just below Rp10,000. In 2006 and 2007, the currency trade was in a relatively narrow range against the US dollar (which itself was depreciating against other currencies), of Rp8,500–9,900. This trend continued into 2008, with the currency trading between Rp9,000 and Rp9,500.

5454: 5418: 1035: 954: 947: 882: 875: 810: 803: 2289: 2158:. During the month, the rupiah fluctuated in the Rp3,300–3,650 range. IMF's response was announced on 1 November 1997. Sixteen small and insolvent banks, holding a market share of 2.5%, would be closed. Private banks would be subject to improved monitoring, and some state banks would be merged. Deposits would be underwritten up to Rp20 million (about US$ 5,500). About 90% of all depositors held less than this amount in their bank accounts. 2265: 2254: 2245: 1407: 1400: 1042: 2042: 2026: 40: 1696: 1367: 1360: 1328: 1321: 1289: 1282: 2227:, the closure of 38 banks, recapitalisation of nine, and takeover of seven more in March 1999. By this point, the total bank capital had reached a negative 245 trillion rupiah. Twenty-three further banks were recapitalised in May, and in October 1999, Bank Mandiri itself was recapitalised. Interest rates fell steadily in 1999, to an SBI of 13.1% in October. The rupiah finished the year at Rp7,900 to the US dollar. 1674: 1249: 1242: 1209: 1202: 1169: 1162: 1652: 1630: 2274: 1608: 1584: 1530: 308: 5430: 1689: 288: 5466: 1667: 1645: 1623: 5442: 1601: 1577: 1523: 1985: 1965: 1944:, his team of US-educated neoclassical economists. The policy began to be set out in November 1966, following the reaching of agreement with Indonesia's creditors in October 1966 on debt relief and loan restructuring. Economic policies were put in place to require adequate bank reserves, ending subsidies on consumer goods, end import restrictions, and to devalue the rupiah. 2216:, to power on 21 May 1998. Little action was seen immediately, and by 17 June, the rupiah had bottomed out at Rp16,800 per dollar. On 25 June 1998, the fourth letter of intent was signed with the IMF, which was refusing to provide aid due to breaches of its original agreement. The IMF agreed to provide an immediate US$ 5 billion of aid to cover basic necessities. 984: 1729: 912: 840: 763: 720: 2190:

Rp. 7,225 per dollar on 15 January. However, as it became clear Suharto had no intention of fulfilling the agreement, the rupiah plummeted by more than 50%, bottoming out at Rp14,800 per dollar on 23 January. By now, the government had issued more than Rp60 trillion, causing money supply increases and worsening inflation.

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Rp1,000, with that denomination fully replaced by the equivalent coin. After a long delay, this proposal was revised so that the Rp2,000 banknotes were launched by Bank Indonesia (BI) on 9 July 2009, with the banknotes circulating as legal tender from 10 July 2009, but without withdrawing the 1,000-rupiah note.

1102:(the commemorative Rp75,000 denomination issued 2020). Notes issued in 1998–1999 ceased to be legal tender since 31 December 2008 and were exchangeable until 30 December 2018 at Bank Indonesia. Earlier notes are also no longer legal tender, due to the lack of security features and association with the 2150:

The government response to the crisis sent mixed messages, with falling interest rates doing nothing to support confidence in the rupiah, and the rupiah continued to be sold, as companies that had been borrowing heavily in dollars had to meet their obligation. By 4 October, the currency had collapsed

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peg at ฿25 to US$ 1. By 2 July 1997, Thailand abandoned its defence of the baht, allowing it to float freely. Indonesia, which had massive foreign reserves and was seen as having a strong economy, responded on 11 July 1997, by widening its exchange rate band from 8 to 12%. Indonesia had taken similar

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of the rupiah against major world currencies was just over twice as high as it was in 1995 (prior to the Asian economic crisis, and free fall of the rupiah), i.e. the rupiah was highly overvalued at this point. By March 1983, the managed float had brought only an 11% fall in three and a half years to

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The ending of what amounted to an export tariff severely damaged government revenues, and as of 4 February 1952, the rupiah was officially devalued to Rp11.4, with export tariffs of 15–25% on commodities in which Indonesia was strong. Weaker commodities were not subject to tariffs, and from 1955 were

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At this stage, the crisis was a limited one; while the currency had fallen, the extent of the fall did not appear catastrophic. The government announced its response in September, calling for the restructuring of the banking sector, cancellation of government projects, and supporting some banks with

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In response to Sumatra and Sulawesi refusing to hand over their foreign exchange, in June 1957, a new system for foreign exchange was introduced; exporters received export certificates (BE) representing the foreign currency earned and could sell them to importers on the free market (but subject to a

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soon fell below the selling rate (i.e. outside the 12% exchange rate band). BI attempted to intervene but eventually abandoned the managed float on 14 August 1997, leaving the rupiah to float freely. The rupiah–dollar rate was at Rp2,436 to one dollar on 11 July. It fell to Rp2,663 by 14 August and

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According to research, despite an official seven-currency exchange basket, empirical evidence suggests that the rupiah was controlled by BI against the US$ alone, and indeed since the 1986 devaluation, the currency maintained near-constant purchasing power against the dollar until the 1997 crisis,

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By September 1986, the currency had been allowed to steadily fall to 1,134 rupiah, a rate which had largely maintained purchasing power over the period. Despite this, the currency was devalued 30% on 12 September 1986 to 1,664 rupiah to US$ 1. As in 1983, this had been intended to boost the balance

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had fallen by over 90%. Inflation in 1965 was 635%. In late 1965, the 'new rupiah' was brought in, at 1 new rupiah to 1,000 old rupiah. The official exchange rate was set initially at Rp0.25 to US$ 1 as of 13 December 1965, a rate that did not represent reality, as the multiple exchange-rate system

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the rupiah has yet to receive formal legislative consideration. Since 2010, Bank Indonesia, as the monetary authority of Indonesia, has repeatedly urged the elimination of the final three zeroes of the currency to facilitate transaction handling, saying the move would not affect its value. In 2015,

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The rupiah declined from its relatively strengthened position at the end of the financial crisis, with the rupiah seeing the start of 2000 at Rp7,050 to the US dollar, but declining to Rp9,725 by the end of 2000, and reaching a low of Rp12,069 on 27 April 2001. The currency strengthened to Rp8,500

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The government announced a rescue package on 26 January, ensuring that it would guarantee all existing deposits. The Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency was set up with the goal of merging, closing, or recapitalising (before sale) banks. Four state and 50 private banks, representing nearly 40% of

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The President and his family were opposed to the reforms, with Bambang Trihatmodjo beginning legal action against the government to keep his bank, particularly as directors of the insolvent banks were, if culpable, to be added to a Disgraced person's List, ineligible to work in the banking sector.

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The currency devaluation of large notes in 1959 had the official exchange rate devalued to Rp45 as of August 1959. Despite this, the fundamental issues with the fixed-exchange-rate system and severe import controls (which had cotton mills running at only 11% of capacity due to lack of imported raw

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The exchange rate determined upon the international recognition of Indonesia's independence in 1949 was Rp3.8 to US$ 1. Lembaga Alat-Alat Pembayaran Luar Negeri Publication No. 26 on 11 March 1950 (effective 13 March 1950) established the Foreign Exchange Certificate System (FECS). By the trade-in

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Currently circulating Indonesian banknotes date from 2000 (Rp1,000), 2001 (Rp5,000), 2004 (Rp20,000 and Rp100,000), 2005 (Rp10,000 and Rp50,000), 2009 (the new denomination of Rp2.000), 2010 (revised version of the Rp10,000), 2011 (revised versions of the Rp20,000, Rp50,000 and Rp100,000) and 2020

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coins dated between 1999, 2003, and 2010, and a new series of coins featuring Indonesia's national heroes were issued in 2016. These come in denominations of Rp100, Rp200, Rp500, and Rp1,000. Coins in circulation are mostly Rp500 and Rp1,000, whereas the smaller-denominated coins (Rp100 and Rp200)

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Cronyism and corruption of Indonesia clearly were winning over IMF reforms. The rupiah fell from Rp4,085 to Rp5,650 per dollar in the space of a single week. By the middle of the month, 154 banks, comprising half of the banking system, had suffered bank runs. By Christmas Eve, the rupiah stood at

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After the 1959 devaluation, inflation, which had been running at 25% per annum 1953–1959, grew exponentially, with rates over 100% in 1962, 1963, and 1964, and 600% in 1965. Despite the official Rp45 to US$ 1 rate, two further export certificate trading systems, of March 1962 – May 1963, and then

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Further foreign-exchange restrictions were introduced over 1953–1954, with April 1953, the foreign-exchange downpayment was increased to 75%, except for raw materials at 50%. Foreign companies and their workers were placed under restrictions as to the amount of foreign exchange that could be sent

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The FECS was scrapped on 4 January 1952, by which time the government had been able to reduce its deficit by 5.3 billion rupiah through the exchange differential. The system was scrapped because domestic prices were being determined by the import rate, which were hurting profits from exports

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Bank Indonesia introduced a new family of banknotes on 18 August 2022. Officially they were retroactively issued as legal tender on 17 August 2022 to commemorate the 77th Independence Day of Indonesia. Similar to the 2016 series, the Indonesian dances and national heroes are still featured on the

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Indonesian government began to take more drastic action, doubling its SBI rates to 45% (increasing the cost of its lending), and in April, has signed a third letter of intent with the IMF, the IBRA took over the major private banks, twinning the banks with state banks, and suspending the owners'

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After this announcement, the rupiah immediately gained almost 10%, to around Rp3,300 per dollar. Soon after, however, confidence began to fall. The IMF response had only been published in summary form from the government and BI, the choice of the 16 banks being closed appeared arbitrary, and the

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put the Indonesian economy under pressure, with exports uncompetitive as a result of the overvalued currency, and oil contributing less as a result of lower global prices. On 1 June 1983, 'Pakjun 1983' brought deregulation of the banking system, and the end of the meaningless 6% official deposit

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As the smallest current note is worth approximately US$ 0.067, even small transactions such as bus fares are typically conducted with notes and the Rp1,000 coin is far more common than the Rp1,000 note. The government initially announced that this would change, with a Rp2,000 note to replace the

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The rupiah steadily weakened from the middle of November, standing at Rp3,700 per dollar at the end of the month. In December, the crisis turned into a disaster. Much of the Indonesian economy was controlled by relatives of President Suharto, and of the 16 banks to be liquidated, 25% of PT Bank

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The official Rp11.4 rate, which massively overvalued the rupiah, was a major incentive to black-market traders, and also contributed to anti-Java feeling, given that those producing raw materials on the large material-rich outer islands were not receiving fair value from their goods due to the

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The New Year had the rupiah begin at Rp5,447 per dollar. On 15 January, the second letter of intent was signed with the IMF, agreeing an accelerated reform package in return for US$ 43 billion of aid. The rupiah had strengthened from an all-time low of Rp9,100 per dollar on 23 January to

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To control foreign exchange, the government brought in a number of measures. About 40% of the foreign-exchange requirements of importers were required to be paid to the government from April 1952, while as from September 1952, the government decided to provide only a limited amount of foreign

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The rupiah immediately fell 7%, with foreign money quickly leaving the country. The investor confidence in Indonesia was shaken, and due to previous deregulations, much of the Indonesian stock market was owned by foreign investors. Local confidence in the currency was also undermined as the

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hit the country in March 2020, it fell even further to nearly Rp. 16,650, nearly reaching the 1998 crisis value, although it recovered as the year progressed. In April 2024, the rupiah fell again to Rp 16,000 level. It is one of the least valued currency units in the world, after the

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with the collapse in the commodities market had the US$ gain strongly against currencies backed by weakening commodities exports. With palm oil and rubber prices falling from their peak by more than half, the rupiah came under pressure, Bank Indonesia spent US$ 7 billion of its US$

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Despite the fixed exchange rate, the failure of the rice crop in 1972, exacerbated by high world rice prices and underordering by the government rice cartel, along with rising commodity prices, caused inflation to rise above 20% in 1972, peaking at over 40% in 1974. The M1

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the steady fall of the rupiah against the dollar essentially representing the difference between Indonesian inflation and US inflation; hence, by June 1997, the rupiah had fallen from its post-evaluation rate of Rp1,664 to Rp2,350, an annualized decline slightly over 3%.

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details of the 34 others subject to special measures were not announced. The deposit guarantee was seen as inadequate, and funds were moved from private to state banks, exchanged for dollars, or transferred offshore, as confidence in the plan began to evaporate.

1449:, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta (who were also featured in the Rp100,000 note). In 2022, the BI predicts that banknotes of this series will cease to be legal tender in 2025 or 2026, with all circulating 2016-series banknotes replaced by newer 2022-series banknotes. 1955:

Despite the liberalisation efforts, Indonesia still had multiple exchange rates. A more realistic exchange rate was finally established of 378 (new) rupiah to US$ 1 as of April 1970. In August 1971, the exchange rate was devalued slightly, to Rp415 to US$ 1.

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exchange, made available every four months. These foreign-exchange restrictions, designed to provide the government with much-needed reserves, meant that some companies were operating at as low as 20% of capacity, due to lack of needed imported materials.

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currency, it is still regarded as a risky currency to hold. As of September 2018, the rupiah had fallen to its weakest position since the 1998 crisis with one US dollar being worth roughly Rp14,880, peaking at Rp. 15,009 on 4 September. By the time

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20% tax). This effectively created a freely floating rupiah. The price of the certificates quickly reached 332% of face value by April 1958, i.e. Rp38, a rate at which the government chose to end the free market, fixing the price at 332% of face value.

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The government abandoned the fixed exchange rate, and altered economic policy to a form of a managed float. The exchange rate was published each day. At the point of devaluation (November 1978), the trade-weighted real (local price adjusted)

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The rupiah has been subject to high inflation for most of its existence (which as an internationally recognised currency should be dated to 1950). Various attempts have been made to maintain the value of the currency, but all were abandoned.

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Although the bank had violated its BMPK (credit limit), Bambang was given permission by BI to buy Bank Alfa, another bank, seen by many as a reward for withdrawing his lawsuit. In effect, the failed bank was reopened under a different name.

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Despite the fall of the currency of about 70% from June 1997 to December 1998, inflation of 60–70% in 1998 (which caused riots and the end of the Suharto regime after 30 years in power) meant that the real exchange rate fell only slightly.

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By 1978, the combination of a fall in oil prices and a decrease in foreign reserves meant that the rupiah was devalued 33% to Rp. 625 to US$ 1 on 16 November 1978 (although prices had increased nearly fourfold over the period).

1749:. and is believed to increase the durability of the banknotes. In 2014, Bank Indonesia planned to use this material, but in the 2016 series, decided to print using paper which was also used to print banknotes from previous editions. 2070:

The continued overvaluation of the rupiah meant that Indonesia was beginning to suffer a trade deficit, as well as falling foreign exchange reserves. The government responded by devaluing the currency on 30 March by 28% to Rp970.

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Although the devaluations of 1978, 1983, and 1986 had each successfully boosted the competitiveness of exports, devaluations have a destabilising effect, and the September 1986 devaluation was the last carried out by Indonesia.

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The current rupiah consists of coins from Rp50 up to Rp1,000 (Rp1 coins officially remain legal tender but are effectively worthless and are not encountered in circulation) and banknotes of Rp1,000 up to Rp100,000. With

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An increasingly complex set of tariffs on imports was unified in September 1955 with a set of extra import duties, requiring down payments to the government of 50, 100, 200, or 400% of the value of the goods.

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The 1966–1970 stabilisation program was a great success, resulting in higher economic growth, boosting legal exports (which grew 70% in US$ terms over the period), and increasing output (for instance the

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rings, rainbow printing designed to change colour when viewed from different angles and tactile features for blind people and those with visual difficulties to recognise the different denominations of the

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The exchange rate of 415 rupiah to the US dollar, which had been established in August 1971, was maintained by government intervention in the currency market, buying and selling currency as needed.

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The last demonetisation of rupiah notes occurred in late 1965 when inflation was ravaging the economy: exports had dropped 24% in 1959–1965, real GDP growth was below population growth, and the

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Watermark and electrotype are made by controlling the gap of density of the fibres, which create certain images for the banknotes. This is done to raise the aesthetic quality of the notes.

2223:, exceeding 55%. Further audits showed that the other banks were also fundamentally weak. Banking reform continued throughout 1999, with the merger of four state banks in July 1999 into 2086:

Thus, in the period from 1978 to 1986, the real exchange rate of the Indonesian rupiah fell by more than 50%, providing significant boosts to the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports.

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In present-day Indonesia, when mentioning an amount of money in everyday life, the currency name is rarely used, and instead replaced by the words "thousand", "million", and "billion".

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exchange rate, diverting funds to the government in Java. The black-market rate at the end of 1956 was Rp31 to US$ 1, falling to Rp49 at the end of 1957, and Rp90 by the end of 1958.

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Despite the high inflation of the period, the exchange rate, which had essentially been preserved using the country's oil exports, was maintained at Rp415 until 15 November 1978.

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Historically, currencies of Indonesia have been influenced by the spread of Indian and Chinese cultures. During colonial times, the currency used in what is now Indonesia was the

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Indonesia Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy – Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistic

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their own liquidity. The SBI rate was reduced three times in September to around 20%. As of 24 September, the exchange rate still lingered at Rp. 2,990 per dollar.

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from April 1964 onwards, showed premiums of 2,678% July 1962 (an effective rate of Rp1,205), 5,100% August 1965 (Rp2,295) and 11,100% in November 1965 (Rp4,995).

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On 17 August 2020, Bank Indonesia officially introduced a Rp75,000 banknote to commemorate the 75th Independence Day of Indonesia. The note featured the

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In the period from October 1946 to March 1950, Indonesian currency had no international recognition. Its value was determined on the black market.

605:. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. The 3051: 2079:

rate, with a more market-based financial system. Credit ceilings were removed. Interest rates, initially 18%, remained above 15% over the period.

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The 2010 and 2011 revised-2004/2005 note series of Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000 and Rp100,000 introduced several new security features: use of

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Following the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 31 of 5 September 2016, BI introduced seven new banknote designs featuring national heroes:

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Intaglio printing is used for the denomination numbers in the banknote, to help blind people recognise genuine notes and their denomination.

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a further 19%, falling to Rp3,690 per dollar. It had now lost a third of its value, and now a full-blown 'crisis' existed in Indonesia.

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The catastrophic damage to the rupiah caused in 1997–1998 severely damaged confidence in the currency. Though the rupiah is a freely

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the government submitted a rupiah redenomination bill to the House of Representatives, but it has not yet been deliberated. In 2017,

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regime (especially 1993 and 1995 note of the 50,000 rupiah), but could be exchanged in Bank Indonesia offices until 20 August 2010.

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materials) were not addressed, and smuggling grew, often backed by the army, while assets were moved offshore by over-invoicing.

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The government maintained price controls over goods and raw materials, with the official oil price unchanged from 1950 to 1965.

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rose 250 times when the 1950 prices were abandoned, incentivising new exploration). By 1971, inflation had fallen to just 2%.

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Rp2,955 by 15 August – a 122% fall. Government debt (Bank Indonesia Certificates or SBI) rose from 12% to 30%, and overnight

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the sector, were placed under IBRA supervision in February 1998, resulting in the rupiah strengthening to 7,400 per dollar.

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reiterated the call, saying that if redenomination started immediately, the process could be complete by 2024 or 2025.

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Despite the improvements, political instability quickly increased. The currency fell to around Rp10,000 per dollar.

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increased sharply over the period due to lax credit controls, which was channelled towards favoured groups, such as

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and vertical lines are shown from top to bottom. The threads can be varied in materials, size, colour and design.

725: 594: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 1890:%. As of November 1954, exporters were required to sell 15% of their foreign exchange earned to the government. 1830:, which remained in use until March 1946. The Netherlands authorities and the Indonesian nationalists, who were 5250: 4894: 4409: 4122: 2868: 5362: 4824: 4429: 4087: 1222: 1080: 482:

is no longer in practical use. However, financial reports and bank statements do record monetary amounts in

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Bank Indonesia says Suharto banknotes invalid from Aug. 21 | Asian Economic News | Find Articles at BNET

2174:, the President's half-brother and 8% of PT Bank Industri was owned by the President's second daughter, 1937: 3736: 3683:

He Starts Court Action After Reform Effort Shuts His Bank – Suharto's Son Sues Government – NYTimes.com

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On 8 October with the rupiah at Rp3,640 per dollar, the government decided to seek the support of the

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actions in the years leading up to the crisis, in December 1995 from 2 to 3%, in response to the

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Designs of Rp100,000 banknotes since 1999. Clockwise from top left: 1999, 2004, 2022, and 2016.

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control. The rupiah, which had strengthened to around Rp8,000, depreciated in the wake of the

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1 worth Rp15,107.5 as of 3 May 2023, the largest Indonesian banknote is worth about US$ 6.62.

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of trade: oil prices, US$ 29 in 1983, fell by 50% in 1986 alone, to below US$ 9 per barrel.

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earned at the lower rate. Hence, the effective Rp7.6/11.4 exchange rate reverted to Rp3.8.

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Currently used (2016 new-format banknotes), formerly used (2000–2015 old-format banknotes)

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began in Thailand in May 1997, where the government found it harder to maintain the

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These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the

1688: 89:

The language(s) of this currency do(es) not have a morphological plural distinction.

5446: 5338: 5311: 5191: 5061: 5056: 5046: 4977: 4858: 4740: 4668: 4362: 4304: 3935:. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. 2327: 2224: 2171: 2005: 1949: 1860:

certificates an export rate of Rp7.6 and an import rate of Rp11.4 was established.

1738: 1666: 1644: 1622: 1589: 1260: 1214: 606: 602: 400: 368: 326: 5465: 3385:"Omnibus Law Keuangan Hari Ini Disahkan, Indonesia Kini Punya Uang Rupiah Digital" 1760:, Irisafe, iridescent stripes, clear windows, metameric windows and gold patches. 1600: 1576: 1522: 3950: 5422: 5066: 5051: 4982: 4567: 4522: 4434: 4414: 4117: 2821:"Setelah Reformasi, Uang Bergambar Soeharto Pun Ditolak Pedagang... Halaman all" 2554: 1993: 1989: 1555: 1437: 1269: 1227: 1186: 1023: 616: 611: 557: 3078:"Bank Indonesia dan Pemerintah Meluncurkan Uang Rupiah Kertas Tahun Emisi 2022" 3052:"4 Tahun ke Depan, Uang Rupiah 2016 Diprediksi Bakal Menghilang dari Peredaran" 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 5201: 5108: 5041: 5002: 4944: 4889: 4626: 4527: 4497: 4399: 1977: 1792:

Bank Indonesia initiated the Garuda Project, a project to develop Indonesia's

1753: 313: 1097:(Thomas Matulessy) is featured in the old Rp1,000 banknote from 2000 to 2015. 5293: 5273: 5157: 5135: 5117: 5022: 4998: 4877: 4051: 2130: 2117: 2046: 1973: 1757: 1094: 865: 529: 293: 3231:"Ini alasan BI watermark Cut Meutia ada di uang baru Rp1.000 & Rp5.000" 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 983: 2994: 1797: 1728: 911: 839: 762: 5214: 4657: 4278: 3713: 2220: 1969: 1742: 1391: 1273: 1265: 1019: 537: 521: 69: 50: 5077: 719: 5354: 4848: 4542: 3025:"BI: Dalam 3 Tahun, Uang Kertas Lama akan Tergantikan dengan yang Baru" 2010: 1930: 1420: 1103: 937: 17: 4020: 2721:"Fenomena Tragis Uang Logam Rp 100 dan Rp 200, Apa Kamu Merasakannya?" 2643:"22 Tahun Pisah dari RI, Mengapa Timor Leste Setia Gunakan Dollar AS?" 5392: 5286: 5018: 4994: 4964: 4578: 4557: 2935:"Lebih Dekat Kenali Uang Baru Indonesia yang Usung Teknologi Canggih" 2443: 1429: 1383: 1006: 671: 541: 2759:"Uang Baru vs Uang Lama: Ini Bedanya Rupiah Baru dengan Rupiah Lama" 1933:, who as of 11 March 1966, acquired executive control of Indonesia. 1732:

Collection of Rp50,000 notes clearly displaying the security threads

2888:

Siaran Pers No.11/ 19 /PSHM/Humas – Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia

5255: 5218: 4940: 4562: 4537: 4517: 4283: 3528:

Post-War Borneo, 1945–1950: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building

2965:"HUT RI Ke-75, Bank Indonesia Keluarkan Pecahan Uang kertas 75000" 2584:"Pengamat Minta BI Hilangkan Uang Logam Pecahan Rp 200 dan Rp 100" 2040: 2024: 1983: 1963: 1727: 1084: 570:) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 231:

Rp1,000, Rp2,000, Rp5,000, Rp10,000, Rp20,000, Rp50,000, Rp100,000

3170:"Potensi Ekonomi 'Pohon Dolar' dari Talaud | Sulawesi Bisnis.com" 5344: 5236: 4958: 3602: 2908:"BI to Issue New Print Banknotes, Mint Coins with Heroes Images" 2293: 5081: 4582: 4251: 4024: 2170:, the second son of Suharto, PT Bank Jakarta was part-owned by 1745:, which is naturally plentiful in Indonesia, especially in the 3873: 3603:"Time Series Studies on Indonesian Rupiah/USD Rate: 1995-2005" 1800:. through a white paper on its development. By passage of the 675:

are rarely used, except in shops whose pricing requires them.

670:

Presently, two series of coins are circulating: aluminum, and

44:

The latest currency issued by Bank Indonesia as of August 2022

585:

The rupiah was introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists

4113:

Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies

2933:

Riviyastuti, Asiska; Yustiningsih, Rini (19 December 2016).

2219:

Audits of the banks that had been taken over showed massive

3324:"BI Luncurkan Proyek Garuda Rupiah Digital di Depan Jokowi" 2790:"BI Tarik 4 Uang Kertas Emisi 1998 dan 1999 dari Peredaran" 1804:, the digital rupiah is legalised as a form of the rupiah. 1752:

The minimum security features visible to the naked eye are

345: 2129:

population followed suit, selling rupiah for dollars. The

413: 381: 3951:"Political dimensions of the currency question 1945–1947" 1936:

Suharto quickly made economic changes, establishing his "

1868:

actually given a premium of 5–25% to boost their export.

3848:"Rupiah Anjlok Tembus Rp 16 Ribu Akibat Data Inflasi AS" 3685:. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 3293:"Desain Baru Pecahan Rp20.000, Rp50.000, dan Rp100.000" 2701:

It is time for rupiah redenomination, central bank says

1876:

home, with the amounts allowed out subject to fees of

545: 5406: 3566:

Sjafruddin Prawiranegara Lebih Takut Kepada Allah SWT

3354:"Proyek Garuda: Menavigasi Arsitektur Digital Rupiah" 3200:"BI Ingin Bahan Baku Uang Kertas Pakai Batang Pisang" 2878:. Jawaban.Com (3 March 2008). Retrieved 28 July 2011. 1766:

Security threads are inserted into the note so that

1464:

Rupiah notes '2022' series, Printed by Perum Peruri

5272: 5200: 5134: 5116: 4911: 4801: 4718: 4702: 4650: 4614: 4490: 4474: 4458: 4355: 4292: 4229: 4208: 4136: 4075: 4059: 3822:"Duh! Rupiah ke Rp 17.000/US$ , Cuma Masalah Waktu" 2212:The end of Suharto's rule brought a new president, 2090:

October 1986 – June 1997: US$ real exchange parity

2014:, as well as corrupt government-linked businesses. 453: 441: 431: 426: 406: 394: 374: 362: 338: 324: 319: 299: 279: 274: 264: 254: 245: 235: 225: 216: 191: 184: 168: 152: 136: 120: 113: 106: 93: 85: 80: 68: 56: 49: 3415: 3976:Daily rupiah exchange rates from other currencies 3737:/ Currencies – Rupiah plunges after forex changes 2897:. Bi.go.id (9 July 2009). Retrieved 28 July 2011. 2108:First stage of the crisis – limited initial falls 3418:2013 Standard Catalog of World Coins – 1901–2000 2045:1992 Rp10,000 banknote (reverse), depicting the 1968:1975 Rp10,000 banknote (obverse), depicting the 561: 206: 174: 158: 142: 126: 3874:"Top 15 Lowest Currencies in the World in 2020" 2103:Asian financial crisis (and response) 1997–1999 3761:"Govt calls on public, investors to stay calm" 3704:. Library.findlaw.com. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 3596: 3594: 1988:1975 Rp10,000 banknote (reverse), depicting a 551: 5093: 4594: 4263: 4036: 3989:Historical and current banknotes of Indonesia 3906:Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). 3750:. (13 November 2008). Retrieved 28 July 2011. 8: 2670:"How the world's currencies got their names" 2186:5,915 per dollar, a fall of 60% since July. 2029:1992 Rp10,000 banknote (obverse), depicting 32: 2859:. Findarticles.com. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 2606:"Explaining the New Currency of East Timor" 5100: 5086: 5078: 4601: 4587: 4579: 4270: 4256: 4248: 4043: 4029: 4021: 2339: 3662: 3453:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 109. 3414:Cuhaj, George S; Michael, Thomas (2013). 3993: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3108:"INFOGRAFIS: Uang Baru Tahun Emisi 2022" 2296:in Indonesian rupiah's (from 2005). 2287: 1737:The basic materials of the banknotes is 1460: 1447:proclamators of Indonesia's Independence 1120: 677: 5413: 3962:Katalog Uang Kertas Indonesia 1782–2005 3820:Putu Agus Pransuamitra (2 April 2020). 3681:Richardson, Michael. (6 November 1997) 3262:"Perbedaan Uang Rp10.000 Lama dan Baru" 3050:Mediatama, Grahanusa (19 August 2022). 2575: 1940:", with the economic policy set by the 1855:1949–1965 foreign exchange restrictions 609:and the Indonesian half of New Guinea ( 469: 3913:(18th ed.). Krause Publications. 3642:Siregar, Reza Yamora (December 1999). 3588:. Photius.com. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 3291:Aco, Hasanudin; Simanjuntak, Johnson. 3229:Perdana, Hana Adi (21 December 2016). 3118:from the original on 22 September 2022 2995:"Uang Peringatan Kemerdekaan (UPK) 75" 1929:This was followed by the emergence of 1926:remained in place for the time being. 31: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3931:Standard Catalog of World Paper Money 3771:from the original on 12 February 2019 3695:The Indonesian Bank Guarantee Program 3568:. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. p. 250. 3395:from the original on 17 December 2022 3241:from the original on 22 December 2016 2769:from the original on 2 September 2021 2682:from the original on 16 February 2020 2235:Rupiah since 1999: relative stability 1540: 597:which had been introduced during the 7: 5261:United States Minor Outlying Islands 3601:Hardiyanto, A.V. (11 January 2007). 3364:from the original on 9 December 2022 3180:from the original on 27 October 2020 3088:from the original on 4 November 2022 3005:from the original on 7 December 2022 2975:from the original on 28 October 2020 2914:from the original on 3 November 2016 2831:from the original on 24 October 2020 2800:from the original on 23 October 2020 3607:Tinbergen Instituut Research Series 3506:from the original on 17 August 2018 3303:from the original on 1 October 2022 3210:from the original on 8 January 2021 2205:, and in particular the run on the 3964:. P.T. Sugiya Abadi Sentosa. 2005. 3957:31 (April 1981), pp. 113–136. 3531:. Routledge. p. prologue 18. 3450:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia 3272:from the original on 4 August 2021 3168:Sudarwan, Ilman (14 August 2019). 2765:(in Indonesian). 30 October 2017. 2641:Idris, Muhammad (15 August 2021). 2622:from the original on 31 March 2019 1917:1966–1971 stabilisation and growth 1458:notes, with some notable changes. 25: 3801:from the original on 8 March 2021 3114:(in Indonesian). 18 August 2022. 3084:(in Indonesian). 18 August 2022. 2971:(in Indonesian). 17 August 2020. 2788:Nordiansyah, Eko (25 June 2018). 1089:Rupiah banknotes usually feature 490:uses comma as decimal separator). 5464: 5452: 5440: 5428: 5416: 4098:Dutch East India Company coinage 4067:History of the Indonesian rupiah 3884:from the original on 5 June 2020 3828:from the original on 7 June 2022 3727:. Forex. Retrieved 13 June 2008. 3623:from the original on 23 May 2022 3609:. Erasmus University Rotterdam. 3545:from the original on 4 July 2023 3467:from the original on 4 July 2023 3334:from the original on 4 July 2023 3149:from the original on 6 June 2019 2649:from the original on 13 May 2022 2272: 2263: 2252: 2243: 1814:History of the Indonesian rupiah 1694: 1687: 1672: 1665: 1650: 1643: 1628: 1621: 1606: 1599: 1582: 1575: 1528: 1521: 1405: 1398: 1365: 1358: 1326: 1319: 1287: 1280: 1247: 1240: 1207: 1200: 1167: 1160: 1040: 1033: 982: 952: 945: 910: 880: 873: 838: 808: 801: 761: 718: 306: 286: 38: 3909:Standard Catalog of World Coins 3651:Journal of Economic Development 3422:. Krause Publications. p. 2941:(in Indonesian). Archived from 1826:by Japan, which began printing 1016:Garuda Pancasila and coin value 536:. Its name is derived from the 5242:Federated States of Micronesia 4789:British Indian Ocean Territory 4768:British Indian Ocean Territory 3791:"XE Currency Table: IDR – USD" 3714:Indonesian rupiah rates charts 2668:Lockie, Alex (18 March 2016). 2550:Netherlands New Guinean gulden 2142:Response to the falls – crisis 2114:Asian financial crisis of 1997 2021:Managed float period 1978–1997 1847:1946–1949 revolutionary period 528:) is the official currency of 27:Official currency of Indonesia 1: 5517:Currencies introduced in 1946 5487:Currencies with ISO 4217 code 3260:Adhi, Robert (20 July 2010). 2306:financial crisis of 2007–2008 1828:its own version of the gulden 1794:central bank digital currency 560:also informally use the word 1992:pattern supposedly taken at 1714:banknote specification table 1124:Indonesian rupiah banknotes 4237:Indonesian numismatic charm 2819:Galih, Bayu (21 May 2018). 2710:, Jakarta Post, 30 May 2017 2156:International Monetary Fund 1960:Fixed rate period 1971–1978 1838:Exchange rate and inflation 1028:High (mintage 719 million) 631:A long-running proposal to 546: 532:, issued and controlled by 5543: 4425:Netherlands Indian roepiah 2343:Current IDR exchange rates 1811: 1710: 1463: 1123: 1091:Indonesian national heroes 1078: 680: 663: 4395:German East African rupie 4373:Japanese occupation rupee 4108:Netherlands Indies gulden 2706:20 September 2020 at the 2645:(in Indonesian). Kompas. 2545:Netherlands Indies gulden 2342: 2203:Jakarta riots of May 1998 2138:reached 81% (per annum). 1923:foreign exchange reserves 1832:fighting for independence 1820:Netherlands Indies gulden 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1550: 1547: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1230:dance, Sianok Canyon and 1194: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1005: 988: 981: 916: 909: 844: 837: 795: 767: 760: 741: 724: 717: 685: 595:Netherlands Indies gulden 587:fighting for independence 552: 465: 37: 5251:Northern Mariana Islands 4410:Italian Somaliland rupia 4123:Dutch New Guinean gulden 3700:18 February 2009 at the 2874:24 February 2009 at the 2123:Mexican financial crisis 681:Indonesian rupiah coins 241:Rp75,000 (commemorative) 5522:Currencies of Indonesia 5363:Pitcairn Islands dollar 4825:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4430:Portuguese Indian rupia 4088:Cash coins in Indonesia 3742:1 December 2008 at the 2893:18 October 2015 at the 2855:18 October 2015 at the 2166:Andromeda was owned by 2064:effective exchange rate 1223:Mohammad Hoesni Thamrin 1081:Banknotes of the rupiah 638:Bank Indonesia Governor 591:Japanese-issued version 5502:Circulating currencies 5187:Solomon Islands dollar 5182:Papua New Guinean kina 3985:(Bank Indonesia rates) 3525:Gin, Ooi Keat (2013). 3447:Kahin, Audrey (2015). 2297: 2053:1978–1986 devaluations 2049: 2038: 1997: 1981: 1733: 1558:(Minister of Finance) 1307:Wakatobi National Park 1098: 940:flower and coin value 903:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo 579: 562: 207: 175: 159: 143: 127: 5507:Currencies of Oceania 4083:Early Nusantara coins 4005:Currency of Indonesia 4000:No modern predecessor 3928:Pick, Albert (1994). 3564:Rosidi, Ajib (2011). 2910:. 15 September 2016. 2291: 2044: 2028: 1987: 1967: 1731: 1561:3 letters, 6 numbers 1556:Sri Mulyani Indrawati 1088: 977:and Garuda Pancasila 905:and Garuda Pancasila 833:and Garuda Pancasila 4508:History of the rupee 4390:French Indian roupie 4221:Economy of Indonesia 3981:10 June 2014 at the 3797:. 7 September 2018. 2540:Economy of Indonesia 2176:Siti Hediati Prabowo 1796:on 30 November 2022 1780:EURion constellation 1388:Komodo National Park 1379:Djuanda Kartawidjaja 1065:and Garuda Pancasila 868:bird and coin value 647:Current legal tender 5327:Cook Islands dollar 4637:Turkmenistani manat 4513:History of the taka 4380:Danish Indian rupee 3719:16 May 2008 at the 3584:18 May 2008 at the 3496:"Indonesian Rupiah" 2586:. 18 September 2016 2168:Bambang Trihatmodjo 1351:Coelogyne pandurata 1063:I Gusti Ketut Pudja 793:bird and coin value 753:bird and coin value 666:Coins of the rupiah 599:Japanese occupation 486:(e.g. Rp1.234,56 – 60:IDR (numeric: 34: 5497:Currencies of Asia 5333:New Zealand dollar 4988:Israeli new shekel 4736:Bhutanese ngultrum 4632:Tajikistani somoni 4609:Currencies of Asia 4385:East African rupee 4300:Bhutanese ngultrum 3878:lowestcurrency.com 3824:. CNBC Indonesia. 3498:. Currency Facts. 3322:Rachman, Arrijal. 2945:on 26 October 2020 2324:Venezuelan bolivar 2298: 2074:At this time, the 2050: 2039: 1998: 1982: 1822:. The country was 1734: 1434:Raja Ampat Islands 1312:Magnolia vrieseana 1233:Mangnolia champaca 1099: 751:Black-naped oriole 589:. It replaced the 301:Unofficial user(s) 270:Rp50, Rp100, Rp200 266: Rarely used 237: Rarely used 5512:Indonesian rupiah 5404: 5403: 5397: 5359: 5322: 5308: 5304:Wallis and Futuna 5290: 5282:Australian dollar 5265: 5222: 5210:Australian dollar 5177:Indonesian rupiah 5168: 5154: 5144:Australian dollar 5126:Australian dollar 5075: 5074: 4924:Azerbaijani manat 4864:Philippine peso ( 4854:Malaysian ringgit 4844:Indonesian rupiah 4809:Australian dollar 4746:Maldivian rufiyaa 4694:New Taiwan dollar 4622:Kazakhstani tenge 4576: 4575: 4503:Indian rupee sign 4445:West Irian rupiah 4342:Seychellois rupee 4322:Maldivian rufiyaa 4317:Indonesian rupiah 4245: 4244: 4144:Indonesian rupiah 4128:West Irian rupiah 4019: 4018: 3383:Suryani, Bhekti. 3330:(in Indonesian). 3299:(in Indonesian). 3268:(in Indonesian). 3206:(in Indonesian). 3145:(in Indonesian). 2827:(in Indonesian). 2796:(in Indonesian). 2675:Independent.co.uk 2615:. February 2000. 2560:West Irian rupiah 2531: 2530: 2319:COVID-19 pandemic 2207:Bank Central Asia 2031:Hamengkubuwono IX 1724:Security features 1721: 1720: 1717: 1706:151 × 65 mm 1682:146 × 65 mm 1660:141 × 65 mm 1638:136 × 65 mm 1616:131 × 65 mm 1594:126 × 65 mm 1538:121 × 65 mm 1443: 1442: 1195:19 December 2016 1072: 1071: 641:Agus Martowardojo 621:West Irian rupiah 506: 505: 256: Freq. used 227: Freq. used 212:(cents, obsolete) 33:Indonesian rupiah 16:(Redirected from 5534: 5527:Currency symbols 5469: 5468: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5421: 5420: 5412: 5385: 5351:Pitcairn Islands 5335: 5314: 5300:French Polynesia 5296: 5284: 5246:Marshall Islands 5233: 5212: 5160: 5146: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5079: 5025: 5005: 4967: 4947: 4897: 4873:Singapore dollar 4828: 4819: 4816:Christmas Island 4792: 4777:Sri Lankan rupee 4771: 4731:Bangladeshi taka 4689:Mongolian tögrög 4679:South Korean won 4674:North Korean won 4664:Hong Kong dollar 4603: 4596: 4589: 4580: 4440:Travancore rupee 4405:Hyderabadi rupee 4347:Sri Lankan rupee 4272: 4265: 4258: 4249: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4022: 3994: 3965: 3946: 3933:: General Issues 3924: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3880:. 1 April 2020. 3870: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3765:The Jakarta Post 3757: 3751: 3734: 3728: 3711: 3705: 3692: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3667:. Archived from 3666: 3648: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3598: 3589: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3492: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3421: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3137:Yuwono, Hanang. 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3112:CNNIndonesia.com 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3031:. 18 August 2022 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2898: 2885: 2879: 2866: 2860: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2755: 2749: 2748:. Bank Indonesia 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2717: 2711: 2698: 2692: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2621: 2610: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2580: 2340: 2292:The cost of one 2276: 2267: 2256: 2247: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1711: 1698: 1691: 1676: 1669: 1654: 1647: 1632: 1625: 1610: 1603: 1586: 1579: 1532: 1525: 1461: 1409: 1402: 1369: 1362: 1330: 1323: 1305:Pakarena dance, 1291: 1284: 1251: 1244: 1211: 1204: 1171: 1164: 1121: 1044: 1037: 986: 975:T. B. Simatupang 956: 949: 934:Garuda Pancasila 914: 884: 877: 862:Garuda Pancasila 842: 812: 805: 786:Garuda Pancasila 765: 746:Garuda Pancasila 722: 678: 565: 555: 554: 549: 491: 474: 456: 444: 422: 419: 417: 415: 409: 390: 387: 385: 383: 377: 358: 355: 353: 351: 349: 347: 341: 329: 312: 310: 309: 302: 292: 290: 289: 282: 281:Official user(s) 267: 257: 238: 228: 210: 203: 202: 201: 197: 178: 171: 162: 155: 146: 139: 130: 123: 101: 76: 63: 42: 35: 21: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5415: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5378:Tuvaluan dollar 5268: 5226:Kiribati dollar 5196: 5130: 5112: 5106: 5076: 5071: 5017: 5012:Jordanian dinar 4993: 4963: 4939: 4907: 4903:Vietnamese đồng 4887: 4822: 4813: 4797: 4786: 4765: 4756:Pakistani rupee 4714: 4698: 4684:Macanese pataca 4646: 4642:Uzbekistani sum 4610: 4607: 4577: 4572: 4486: 4470: 4454: 4450:Zanzibari rupee 4351: 4337:Pakistani rupee 4327:Mauritian rupee 4288: 4276: 4246: 4241: 4225: 4204: 4132: 4103:Sumatran dollar 4093:Palembang pitis 4071: 4055: 4049: 4012: 4007: 3998: 3983:Wayback Machine 3972: 3960: 3949:Cribb, Robert, 3943: 3927: 3921: 3905: 3902: 3900:General sources 3897: 3887: 3885: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3854:. 12 April 2024 3846: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3748:Financial Times 3744:Wayback Machine 3735: 3731: 3721:Wayback Machine 3712: 3708: 3702:Wayback Machine 3693: 3689: 3680: 3676: 3671:on 28 May 2008. 3664:10.1.1.601.6528 3646: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3586:Wayback Machine 3577: 3573: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3539: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3494: 3493: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3461: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3389:Harianjogja.com 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3058:(in Indonesian) 3049: 3048: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2895:Wayback Machine 2886: 2882: 2876:Wayback Machine 2867: 2863: 2857:Wayback Machine 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2803: 2801: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2746:Instrumen Tunai 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2727:(in Indonesian) 2725:Tribun-bali.com 2719: 2718: 2714: 2708:Wayback Machine 2699: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2536: 2332:Vietnamese đồng 2286: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2269: 2268: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2237: 2144: 2110: 2105: 2092: 2055: 2033:and a group of 2023: 1962: 1919: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1857: 1849: 1840: 1824:invaded in 1942 1816: 1810: 1790: 1726: 1567:17 August 2022 1541:As 2016 issue ( 1455: 1346:Derawan Islands 1191:Cooktown Orchid 1181:Cut Nyak Meutia 1116: 1083: 1077: 831:Herman Johannes 668: 662: 649: 629: 502: 496: 495: 494: 475: 471: 454: 442: 412: 407: 380: 375: 344: 339: 325: 307: 305: 300: 287: 285: 280: 265: 255: 236: 226: 211: 199: 195: 194: 192: 179: 169: 163: 153: 147: 137: 131: 121: 99: 74: 61: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5540: 5538: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5425: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5389:American Samoa 5380: 5375: 5373:Tongan paʻanga 5370: 5365: 5360: 5330: 5323: 5309: 5291: 5278: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5228: 5223: 5206: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5155: 5150:Norfolk Island 5140: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5128: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5082: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:Lebanese pound 5034: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5009: 5008: 5007: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4956: 4954:Emirati dirham 4951: 4950: 4949: 4934:Egyptian pound 4931: 4929:Bahraini dinar 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4839:Cambodian riel 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4820: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4779: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4761:Pound sterling 4758: 4753: 4751:Nepalese rupee 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4726:Afghan afghani 4722: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4654: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4420:Mombasan rupee 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4332:Nepalese rupee 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4302: 4296: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4277: 4275: 4274: 4267: 4260: 4252: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4216:Bank Indonesia 4212: 4210: 4209:Related topics 4206: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4025: 4017: 4016: 4009: 4002: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3971: 3970:External links 3968: 3967: 3966: 3958: 3947: 3941: 3925: 3919: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3865: 3852:katadata.co.id 3839: 3812: 3782: 3752: 3729: 3706: 3687: 3674: 3634: 3615: 3590: 3571: 3556: 3537: 3517: 3478: 3459: 3439: 3432: 3406: 3375: 3345: 3328:CNBC Indonesia 3314: 3297:Tribunnews.com 3283: 3252: 3221: 3191: 3160: 3129: 3099: 3069: 3042: 3016: 2986: 2956: 2925: 2899: 2880: 2861: 2842: 2811: 2780: 2750: 2738: 2712: 2693: 2660: 2633: 2597: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2447: 2439: 2438: 2400: 2397:Yahoo! Finance 2392: 2391: 2353: 2350:Google Finance 2345: 2344: 2281: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2251: 2250: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2143: 2140: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2091: 2088: 2076:1980s oil glut 2054: 2051: 2022: 2019: 1961: 1958: 1942:Berkeley Mafia 1918: 1915: 1856: 1853: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1836: 1812:Main article: 1809: 1806: 1789: 1788:Digital rupiah 1786: 1785: 1784: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1764: 1750: 1747:Talaud Islands 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1692: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1549: 1548:As in Obverse 1546: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1454: 1451: 1441: 1440: 1432:Betawi dance, 1427: 1425:Mohammad Hatta 1418: 1415: 1410: 1403: 1395: 1394: 1381: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1363: 1355: 1354: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1303: 1301:Frans Kaisiepo 1298: 1295: 1292: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1263: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1245: 1237: 1236: 1225: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1205: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1183: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1165: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1141:Date of issue 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1115: 1112: 1079:Main article: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1038: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1017: 1014: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 987: 979: 978: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 950: 942: 941: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 915: 907: 906: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 878: 870: 869: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 843: 835: 834: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 806: 798: 797: 794: 788: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 766: 758: 757: 754: 748: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 723: 715: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 683: 682: 664:Main article: 661: 658: 648: 645: 628: 627:Redenomination 625: 556:). Sometimes, 534:Bank Indonesia 504: 503: 501: 500: 493: 492: 468: 467: 466: 463: 462: 457: 451: 450: 445: 439: 438: 435: 429: 428: 424: 423: 410: 408: Website 404: 403: 398: 392: 391: 378: 376: Website 372: 371: 366: 360: 359: 342: 340: Website 336: 335: 333:Bank Indonesia 330: 322: 321: 317: 316: 303: 297: 296: 283: 277: 276: 272: 271: 268: 262: 261: 258: 252: 251: 249: 243: 242: 239: 233: 232: 229: 223: 222: 220: 214: 213: 204: 189: 188: 186: 182: 181: 172: 166: 165: 156: 150: 149: 140: 134: 133: 124: 118: 117: 115: 111: 110: 104: 103: 97: 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 78: 77: 72: 66: 65: 58: 54: 53: 47: 46: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5539: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5318:Easter Island 5313: 5310: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5172:Fijian dollar 5170: 5166: 5165: 5164:New Caledonia 5159: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5096: 5091: 5089: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5032:Kuwaiti dinar 5030: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4973:Georgian lari 4971: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4919:Armenian dram 4917: 4916: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4834:Brunei dollar 4832: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4710:Russian ruble 4708: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4604: 4599: 4597: 4592: 4590: 4585: 4584: 4581: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4368:Burmese rupee 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4310:Digital rupee 4308: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4268: 4266: 4261: 4259: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4039: 4034: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4015: 4011:Succeeded by: 4008:1945 – 4006: 4001: 3995: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3942:0-87341-207-9 3938: 3934: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3912: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3853: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3813: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3622: 3618: 3616:9789051700336 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3575: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3557: 3544: 3540: 3538:9781134058037 3534: 3530: 3529: 3521: 3518: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3466: 3462: 3460:9780810874565 3456: 3452: 3451: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3433:9781440229626 3429: 3425: 3420: 3419: 3410: 3407: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3376: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3318: 3315: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3284: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3222: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3130: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3100: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3043: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2926: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2815: 2812: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2781: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2739: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2664: 2661: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 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