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1759:. Although the Soviet Red Army outnumbered the Japanese by three to one, they advanced only slowly due to strong Japanese resistance. It was not until the 113th Rifle Brigade and the 365th Independent Naval Infantry Rifle Battalion from Sovetskaya Gavan landed on Tōro, a seashore village of western Karafuto, on August 16 that the Soviets broke the Japanese defense line. Japanese resistance grew weaker after this landing. Actual fighting continued until August 21. From August 22 to August 23, most remaining Japanese units agreed to a ceasefire. The Soviets completed the conquest of Karafuto on August 25, 1945, by occupying the capital of
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1885:. Nearly two-thirds of Sakhalin is mountainous. Two parallel ranges of mountains traverse it from north to south, reaching 600–1,500 m (2,000–4,900 ft). The Western Sakhalin Mountains peak in Mount Ichara, 1,481 m (4,859 ft), while the Eastern Sakhalin Mountains's highest peak, Mount Lopatin 1,609 m (5,279 ft), is also the island's highest mountain. Tym-Poronaiskaya Valley separates the two ranges. Susuanaisky and Tonino-Anivsky ranges traverse the island in the south, while the swampy Northern-Sakhalin plain occupies most of its north.
195:
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78:
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Takahashi Jidayú and
Nakamura Koichiró only confirmed earlier observations: Sakhalin and Sóya Ainu traded foreign goods at trading posts, and because of the pressure to meet quotas, they fell into debt. These goods, the officials confirmed, originated at Qing posts, where continental traders acquired them during tributary ceremonies. The information contained in these types of reports turned out to be a serious blow to the future of Matsumae's trade monopoly in Ezo.
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rerouted the pipeline to avoid the whale migration. After a doubling in the projected cost, the
Russian government threatened to halt the project for environmental reasons. There have been suggestions that the Russian government is using the environmental issues as a pretext for obtaining a greater share of revenues from the project and/or forcing involvement by the state-controlled
1808:
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1231:, to handle fur from the lower Amur and Sakhalin. Tribute was supposed to be brought to regional offices, but the lower Amur and Sakhalin were considered too remote, so the Qing sent officials directly to these regions every year to collect tribute and to present awards. By the 1730s, the Qing had appointed senior figures among the indigenous communities as "clan chief" (
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1213:(at the time equivalent to Chinese aristocrats) by marrying an official's adopted daughter. Further, the tribute payers were allowed to engage in trade with officials and merchants at the tribute location. By these policies, the Qing dynasty brought political stability to the region and established the basis for commerce and economic development.
4615:’, Memoirs of the Research Department of Toyo Bunko, no. 10, 1938, pp. 40‒102) (Shina no kisai ni arawaretaru Kokuryuko karyuiki no dojin 支那の記載に現はれたる黒龍江下流域の土人( The natives on the lower reaches of the Amur river as represented in Chinese records), Tõagaku 5, vol . 1, Sept. 1939.) Wada, ‘Natives of the Lower Reaches of the Amur River’, p. 82.
3623:
1981:. Moneron, the only land mass in the Tatar strait, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) long and 5.6 km (3.5 mi) wide, is about 24 nautical miles (44 km) west from the nearest coast of Sakhalin and 41 nmi (76 km) from the port city of Nevelsk. Ush Island is an island off of the northern coast of Sakhalin.
1918:, folded by subsequent upheavals, are found in many parts of the island. The clays, which contain layers of good coal and abundant fossilized vegetation, show that during the Miocene period, Sakhalin formed part of a continent which comprised north Asia, Alaska, and Japan, and enjoyed a comparatively warm climate. The
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Sakhalin II has come under fire from environmental groups, namely
Sakhalin Environment Watch, for dumping dredging material in Aniva Bay. These groups were also worried about the offshore pipelines interfering with the migration of whales off the island. The consortium has (as of January 2006)
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Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
4834:
Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique, et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la
Tartarie chinoise, enrichie des cartes générales et particulieres de ces pays, de la carte générale et des cartes particulieres du Thibet, & de la Corée; & ornée d'un grand nombre de
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Precipitation is heavy, owing to the strong onshore winds in summer and the high frequency of North
Pacific storms affecting the island in the autumn. It ranges from around 500 millimetres (20 in) on the northwest coast to over 1,200 millimetres (47 in) in southern mountainous regions. In
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A second consortium, Sakhalin Energy
Investment Company Ltd (Sakhalin Energy), is managing the Sakhalin II project. It has completed the first production-sharing agreement (PSA) with the Russian Federation. Sakhalin Energy will build two 800-km pipelines running from the northeast of the island to
1320:
on the Ainu of southern
Sakhalin increased significantly. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Japanese economic zone extended midway up the east coast, to Taraika. With the exception of the Nayoro Ainu located on the west coast in close proximity to China, most Ainu stopped paying tribute to
1172:
estuary and demanded that the residents, including the
Sakhalin Ainu, pay tribute. This was followed by several further visits to the island as part of the Qing effort to map the area. To enforce its influence, the Qing sent soldiers and mandarins across Sakhalin, reaching most parts of the island
782:
The Qing dynasty called
Sakhalin ‘Kuyedao’ (‘the island of Ainu’) and the indigenous people paid tribute to the Chinese empire. However, there was no formalized border around the island. The Qing dynasty was a pre- modern or ‘world empire’ which did not place emphasis on demarcating borders in the
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Mogami's interest in the Sakhalin trade intensified when he learned that Yaenkoroaino, the above-mentioned elder from Nayoro, possessed a memorandum written in Manchurian, which stated that the Ainu elder was an official of the Qing state. Later surveys on Sakhalin by shogunal officials such as
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was loose for the most part. Sakhalin was later claimed by both Russia and Japan over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. These disputes sometimes involved military conflicts and divisions of the island between the two powers. In 1875, Japan ceded its claims to Russia in exchange for the
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The Jesuits did not have a chance to visit the island, and the geographical information provided by the Nanai people and Manchus who had been to the island was insufficient to allow them to identify it as the land visited by de Vries in 1643. As a result, many 17th-century maps showed a rather
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currently administered by Russia were not subject to this renunciation. Japan granted mutual exchange visas for Japanese and Ainu families divided by the change in status. Recently, economic and political cooperation has gradually improved between the two nations despite disagreements.
2011:
4720:(Shiro Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities Between the Russian and Chinese Empires’, Senri Ethnological Studies, vol. 92, 2016, pp. 161‒193.) Sasaki, ‘A History of the Far East Indigenous Peoples’ Transborder Activities’, p. 173.
1094:, these posts, like the position of headman, were hereditary and passed down the patrilineal line. During these tributary missions, the headmen would bring their sons, who later inherited their titles. In return for tribute, the Ming awarded them with silk uniforms.
1251:, and 148 households were registered as tribute bearers in Sakhalin. Manchu officials gave tribute missions rice, salt, other necessities, and gifts during the duration of their mission. Tribute missions occurred during the summer months. During the reign of the
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railway network. It was claimed that construction work could begin as early as 2001. The idea was received skeptically by the Japanese government and appears to have been shelved, probably permanently, after the cost was estimated at as much as $ 50 billion.
1024:, the Nivkh name for Ainu) from Sakhalin invaded and fought with the Jilimi (Nivkh people) every year. On 30 November 1264, the Mongols attacked the Ainu. The Ainu resisted the Mongol invasions but by 1308 had been subdued. They paid tribute to the Mongol
1874:. Sakhalin is the largest island in Russia, being 948 km (589 mi) long, and 25 to 170 km (16 to 106 mi) wide, with an area of 72,492 km (27,989 sq mi). It lies at similar latitudes to England, Wales and Ireland.
1548:, which declared that nationals of both countries could inhabit the island: Russians in the north, and Japanese in the south, without a clearly defined boundary between. Russia also agreed to dismantle its military base at Ootomari. Following the
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21 billion on the two projects; costs had almost doubled to $ 37 billion as of September 2006, triggering Russian governmental opposition. The cost will include an estimated US$ 1 billion to upgrade the island's infrastructure: roads, bridges,
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In 2000, the oil-and-gas industry accounted for 57.5% of Sakhalin's industrial output. By 2006 it is expected to account for 80% of the island's industrial output. Sakhalin's economy is growing rapidly thanks to its oil-and-gas industry.
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3755:. In 2000, the Russian government revived the idea, adding a suggestion that a 40-km (25 mile) long bridge could be constructed between Sakhalin and the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, providing Japan with a direct connection to the
1999:
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118:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
4025:, completed a production-sharing agreement (PSA) between the Sakhalin I consortium, the Russian Federation, and the Sakhalin government. Russia is in the process of building a 220 km (140 mi) pipeline across the
1468:
strangely shaped Sakhalin, which included only the northern half of the island (with Cape Patience), while Cape Aniva, discovered by de Vries, and the "Black Cape" (Cape Crillon) were thought to form part of the mainland.
1289:
in Hokkaidō, sent Satō Kamoemon and Kakizaki Kuroudo on an expedition to Sakhalin. One of the Matsumae explorers, Kodō Shōzaemon, stayed in the island in the winter of 1636 and sailed along the east coast to Taraika (now
1440:
captain, however, was unaware that it was an island, and 17th-century maps usually showed these points (and often Hokkaido as well) as part of the mainland. As part of a nationwide Sino-French cartographic program,
3505:
For the 2016 summer season, this route will be served by a highspeed catamaran ferry from Singapore named Penguin 33. The ferry is owned by Penguin International Limited and operated by Sakhalin Shipping Company.
1389:
2070:, with the non-indigenous people living mainly from agriculture, or being convicts or exiles. The majority of Nivkh, Ainu and Japanese lived from fishing or hunting, whereas the Oroks lived mainly by livestock (
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recorded the existence and navigability of the strait later given his name, and Russian settlers began establishing coal mines, administration facilities, schools, and churches on the island. In 1853–54,
1177:
The Qing dynasty ruled these regions by imposing upon them a fur tribute system, just as had the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Residents who were required to pay tributes had to register according to their
801:
Ainu) presence in the area otherwise dominated by the Gilemi or Jilimi (Nivkh and other Amur peoples)." Related names were in widespread use in the region, for example the Kuril Ainu called themselves
3423:, for which the waters off of Sakhalin are their only known feeding ground, thus being a vitally important region for their population's longevity. Other cetaceans known to occur in this area are the
1262:
Local native Sakhalin chiefs had their daughters taken as wives by Manchu officials as sanctioned by the Qing dynasty when the Qing exercised jurisdiction in Sakhalin and took tribute from them.
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between Sakhalin and the Russian mainland was first put forward in the 1930s. In the 1940s, an abortive attempt was made to link the island via a 10-kilometre-long (6 mi) undersea
1827:. The Soviet Union claimed it was a spy plane; however, commanders on the ground realized it was a commercial aircraft. All 269 passengers and crew died, including a U.S. Congressman,
4731:
Nich-Ro kankei to Saharintō : Bakumatsu Meiji shonen no ryōdo mondai (Japanese–Russian Relations and Sakhalin Island: Territorial Dispute in the Bakumatsu and First Meiji Years)
797:, the name given to the Sakhalin Ainu by their Nivkh and Nanai neighbors." When the Ainu migrated onto the mainland, the Chinese described a "strong Kui (or Kuwei, Kuwu, Kuye, Kugi,
1933:, 330 km (205 mi) long and navigable by rafts and light boats for 80 km (50 mi), flows north and northeast with numerous rapids and shallows, and enters the
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1209:), which were the gowns of the mandarin. Those who offered especially large fur tributes were granted the right to create a familial relationship with officials of the Manchu
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On the basis of its belief that it was an extension of Hokkaido, both geographically and culturally, Japan again proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island (as well as the
1357:, and enhanced Matsumae prestige as exotic items. Eventually the Tokugawa government, realizing that they could not depend on the Matsumae, took control of Sakhalin in 1807.
2172:
4914:
Voyage de Lapérouse, rédigé d'après ses manuscrits, suivi d'un appendice renfermant tout ce que l'on a découvert depuis le naufrage, et enrichi de notes par m. de Lesseps
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Trekhsviatskyi, Anatolii (2007). "At the far edge of the Chinese Oikoumene: Mutual relations of the indigenous population of Sakhalin with the Yuan and Ming dynasties".
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visited the penal colony on Sakhalin. He spent three months there interviewing thousands of convicts and settlers for a census and published a memoir of his journey.
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From the Nivkh perspective, their surrender to the Mongols essentially established a military alliance against the Ainu who had invaded their lands. According to the
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1088:
pelts as tribute to the Wuliehe post. In 1437, four other assistant commanders (Zhaluha, Sanchiha, Tuolingha, and Alingge) also presented tribute. According to the
1325:
was nominally in charge of Sakhalin, but they neither protected nor governed the Ainu there. Instead they extorted the Ainu for Chinese silk, which they sold in
5223:
1734:
1193:, village), and a designated chief of each unit was put in charge of district security as well as the annual collection and delivery of fur. By 1750, fifty-six
3114:, but makes the winters much snowier and a few degrees warmer than in interior East Asian cities at the same latitude. Summers are foggy with little sunshine.
2078:
lived almost exclusively in the southern part of the island. Since 1925, many Poles fled Soviet Russian persecution in the north to the then Japanese south.
4049:. The cost overruns (at least partly due to Shell's response to environmental concerns), are reducing the share of profits flowing to the Russian treasury.
4033:
on the Russian mainland. From De-Kastri, the resource will be loaded onto tankers for transport to East Asian markets, namely Japan, South Korea and China.
6231:
3626:). During the last years of its service, it gradually deteriorated; the service was terminated in December 2006, and the line was dismantled in 2007–2008.
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4056:
As of 18 April 2007, Gazprom had taken a 50% plus one share interest in Sakhalin II by purchasing 50% of Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi's shares.
3118:
contrast to interior east Asia with its pronounced summer maximum, onshore winds ensure Sakhalin has year-round precipitation with a peak in the autumn.
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Besides the main network run by the Russian Railways, until December 2006 the local oil company (Sakhalinmorneftegaz) operated a corporate narrow-gauge
4009:, signed contracts to explore for oil and gas off the northeast coast of the island. The two consortia's pre-project estimate of costs were a combined
1987:
5777:
4945:[Study of South Sakhalin Started under Lieutenant Nikolay Vasilievich Rudanovsky] (in Russian). President Library of Russia. October 18, 1853
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told him that the island was called "Tchoka" (or at least that is how he recorded the name in French), and "Tchoka" appears on some maps thereafter.
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to work in the coal mines. Most of the population lives in the southern half of the island, centered mainly around Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and two ports,
1400:
in 1709, asserts the existence of Sakhalin – but only assigns to it the northern half of the island and its northeastern coast (with
121:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The peoples of Northeast Asia through time : precolonial ethnic and cultural processes along the coast between Hokkaido and the Bering Strait
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during the war were deported following the invasion of the southern portion of the island by the Soviet Union in 1945 at the end of World War II.
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1922:
deposits contain a mollusc fauna more Arctic than that which exists at the present time, indicating that the connection between the Pacific and
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sites, airports, railways, communications systems, and ports. In addition, Sakhalin-III-through-VI are in various early stages of development.
1393:
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called it "Sagaliyan ula angga hada" (Island at the Mouth of the Black River). The Qing first asserted influence over Sakhalin after the 1689
488:, with an area of 72,492 square kilometres (27,989 sq mi). The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of whom are
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1823:, a South Korean civilian airliner, flew over Sakhalin and was shot down by the Soviet Union, just west of Sakhalin Island, near the smaller
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4893:("Fishskin Tatars") living on the Ussuri and the Amur upstream from the mouth of the Dondon. The two groups might thus be ancestral of the
4213:
3435:, the latter two generally preferring icy waters and colder conditions to the north. All are potential prey species for the highly social
1740:
6048:
Trading Brokers and Partners with China, Russia, and Japan, In W. W. Fitzhugh and C. O. Dubreuil (eds.) Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People
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in great numbers, as well as polished stone hatchets similar to European examples, primitive pottery with decorations like those of the
558:, Japan invaded the northern parts of Sakhalin, and ruled the entire island from 1918 to 1925. Russia has held all of the island since
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cubic feet) of gas and are being developed under production-sharing agreement contracts involving international oil- companies like
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1747:. The Soviet attack started on August 11, 1945, a few days before the surrender of Japan. The Soviet 56th Rifle Corps, part of the
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3771:, along with the required regauging of the island's railways to Russian standard gauge, at an estimated cost of 300–330 billion
1773:
While the vast majority of Sakhalin Japanese and Koreans were gradually repatriated between 1946 and 1950, tens of thousands of
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and 2,398 households were registered as fur tribute payers, – those who paid with fur were rewarded mainly with Nishiki silk
1047:
on the Siberian mainland, which continued operating until the mid-1430s. There is some evidence that the Ming eunuch Admiral
923:, and stone weights used with fishing nets. A later population familiar with bronze left traces in earthen walls and kitchen-
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dynasties and accepted official appointments from them. Sometimes the relationship was forced but control from dynasties in
5939:[The Ainu and Ainu culture from historical records of the Yuan and Ming]. In Katō, Hirofumi; Suzuki, Kenji (eds.).
3106:) in the centre and north. The maritime influence makes summers much cooler than in similar-latitude inland cities such as
1766:
Of the approximately 400,000 people – mostly Japanese and Korean – who lived on South Sakhalin in 1944, about 100,000 were
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Transport, especially by sea, is an important segment of the economy. Nearly all the cargo arriving for Sakhalin (and the
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women in Sakhalin married Han Chinese Ming officials when the Ming took tribute from Sakhalin and the Amur river region.
546:. In 1897 more than half of the population were Russians and other European and Asian minorities. In 1905, following the
4037:
Prigorodnoye (Prigorodnoe) in Aniva Bay at the southern end. The consortium will also build, at Prigorodnoye, the first
1957:
1051:
reached Sakhalin in 1413 during one of his expeditions to the lower Amur, and granted Ming titles to a local chieftain.
978:
969:
5611:[President of Russia wants to join Sakhalin Island to the mainland] (in Russian). PrimaMedia. November 19, 2008
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name, Sahaliyan Ula, "the Black River"), in 1709, and learned of the existence of the nearby offshore island from the
61:"Sakhalien" and "Saghalien" redirect here. For cities in China sometimes historically referred to this in Manchu, see
4955:"I made my trips around Sakhalin Island in autumn and winter ...": reports of Lieutenant N. V. Rudanovskiy. 1853–1854
3844:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Sakhalin's main shipping company is Sakhalin Shipping Company, headquartered in Kholmsk on the island's west coast.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Foreign Policy > Others > Japanese Territory > Northern Territories
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4634:"Indigenous Diplomacy: Sakhalin Ainu (Enchiw) in the Shaping of Modern East Asia (Part 1: Traders and Travellers)"
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About 30% of all inland transport volume is carried by the island's railways, most of which are organized as the
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did the island began to resemble something of its true shape on European maps. Though unable to pass through its
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La Perouse charted most of the southwestern coast of Sakhalin (or "Tchoka", as he heard natives call it) in 1787
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shipments often go through other ports. In 1999, a ferry service was opened between the ports of Korsakov and
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as Matsumae's special product. To obtain Chinese silk, the Ainu fell into debt, owing much fur to the Santan (
941:(1643) mapped Sakhalin's eastern promontories without realising that he had visited an island (map from 1682).
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Ivlev, A. M. Soils of Sakhalin. New Delhi: Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre, 1974. Pages 9–28.
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manner of the modern ‘national empires’ of the nineteenth and early twentieth century (Yamamuro 2003: 90–97).
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3447:, both hunted to extinction, formerly ranged from Japan's coastline to Sakhalin, Korea, Kamchatka, and the
1854:). Total damage was $ 64.1–300 million, with 1,989 deaths and 750 injured. The settlement was not rebuilt.
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This article is about the Russian geographical island. For the federal subject the island is part of, see
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3790:, which could potentially create a continuous rail corridor between Europe and Japan. In 2018, president
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Display of Sakhalin on maps varied throughout the 18th century. This map from a 1773 atlas, based on the
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5383:[Sakhalin is an island of twins?] (in Russian). Восток Медиа . February 13, 2009. Archived from
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The island was also called "Kuye Fiyaka". The word "Kuye" used by the Qing is "most probably related to
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1717:, on the northeastern side of the island, during a fog. All hands were saved as well as 300 barrels of
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According to the 1897 census, Sakhalin had a population of 28,113, of which 56.2% were Russians, 8.4%
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in 1945, as well as all of the Kurils. Japan no longer claims any of Sakhalin, although it does still
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chain) in 1845, in the face of competing claims from Russia. In 1849, however, the Russian navigator
1201:, and every year the dynasty supplied the chief of each clan and village with official silk clothes (
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5909:[Several questions around "the Mongol attack from the north"]. In Kikuchi, Toshihiko (ed.).
5244:. Oxford Regional Environments. Vol. 3. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 428–429.
4943:"Началось исследование Южного Сахалина под руководством лейтенанта Николая Васильевича Рудановского"
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to Kholmsk. The ports of Korsakov and Kholmsk are the largest and handle all kinds of goods, while
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during the last days of the war. The remaining 300,000 stayed behind, some for several more years.
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or Shichiro Bay, on the southeastern coast. Three other small streams enter the wide semicircular
1755:, the 2nd Rifle Brigade, the 5th Rifle Brigade and the 214 Armored Brigade, attacked the Japanese
1635:, Japan again occupied the northern part of the island, returning it to the Soviet Union in 1925.
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In June 2021, it was announced that Russia aims to make Sakhalin Island carbon neutral by 2025.
1784:. Japan renounced its claims of sovereignty over southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the
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Karafuto 1945: An examination of the Japanese under Soviet rule and their subsequent expulsion
5346:
Winiarz, Adam (1994). "Książka polska w koloniach polskich na Dalekim Wschodzie (1897–1949)".
5245:
5237:
5174:
5147:
5109:
5019:
4981:
4912:
4808:
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4580:
4574:
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4372:
4368:
4361:
4325:
4298:
3752:
3724:
3440:
3377:
3306:
3099:
2136:
2082:
1953:
1863:
1812:
1657:
1545:
1533:
1480:
836:
817:
622:
570:. Most Ainu on Sakhalin moved to Hokkaido, 43 kilometres (27 mi) to the south across the
551:
341:
133:
5940:
6984:
6914:
6791:
6507:
6457:
6412:
6080:
6002:
A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things, Pristine Places, and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule
5572:
5465:
5461:
4015:
3937:
3700:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3456:
3301:
3284:
3205:
2140:
2101:
2071:
1942:
1774:
1744:
1714:
1549:
1484:
1476:
1282:
1252:
1173:
except the southern tip. The Qing imposed a fur-tribute system on the region's inhabitants.
896:
444:
394:
228:
5822:
3126:
1881:
and geological structure are imperfectly known. One theory is that Sakhalin arose from the
7092:
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6687:
6682:
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6512:
6502:
6442:
6392:
6372:
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6265:
6220:
5983:
Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia
5781:
5718:
5584:
5445:
5173:. Law in Eastern Europe No. 25. The Hague: Martinis Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 320–325.
4971:
4101:
4041:(LNG) plant to be built in Russia. The oil and gas are also bound for East Asian markets.
3768:
3764:
3748:
3720:
3541:
3273:
3235:
3222:
3159:
2152:
2067:
1802:
1664:
1610:
1581:, on Sakhalin. The island remained under shared sovereignty until the signing of the 1875
1553:
1457:
1298:
1286:
1145:
1006:
869:
700:
668:
607:
593:
512:
481:
453:
331:
31:
5194:
1780:
No final peace treaty has been signed and the status of four neighboring islands remains
1373:
1274:
6225:
1631:
reverted to Japan, while Russia retained the northern three-fifths. In 1920, during the
1353:. As dynastic uniforms, the silk was of considerably higher quality than that traded at
1255:(r. 1735–95), a trade post existed at Delen, upstream of Kiji (Kizi) Lake, according to
7110:
7014:
7004:
6919:
6850:
6497:
6447:
6437:
6387:
6377:
6352:
6337:
6321:
5874:
5128:
4911:
La Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup, comte de (1831). de Lesseps, Jean Baptiste (ed.).
4491:
4142:
4091:
4022:
3961:
3791:
3779:
3265:
3175:
1974:
1934:
1930:
1828:
1824:
1165:
497:
473:
449:
386:
38:
5492:
3865:
3376:
population is made-up of mostly the common eastern Siberian forms, but there are some
824:), are unclear and multiple competing explanations have been proposed. These include:
748:, the word that has been borrowed in the form of "Sakhalin", means "black" in Manchu,
7126:
6974:
6786:
6765:
6667:
6477:
6175:
4155:
4128:
4078:
3983:
3479:
3428:
2047:
1967:
1691:
1680:
1586:
1529:
1433:
1401:
1345:) given to them by the Qing, which made up the majority of what the Japanese knew as
1322:
1302:
1210:
1054:
The Ming recruited headmen from Sakhalin for administrative posts such as commander (
989:. In response, the Mongols established an administration post at Nurgan (present-day
853:
686:
543:
151:
5416:
3087:
The Sea of Okhotsk ensures that Sakhalin has a cold and humid climate, ranging from
6909:
6894:
6811:
6801:
6698:
6647:
6637:
6632:
6582:
6467:
6432:
6342:
5974:
4886:
4184:
4107:
4026:
3619:
3436:
3432:
3311:
3227:
2144:
2125:
2043:
2031:
1961:
1923:
1561:
1461:
1409:
1256:
1117:
1097:
1032:
1025:
986:
982:
563:
534:
530:
526:
505:
477:
469:
378:
66:
5106:
History of the American Whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the year 1876
3134:
2155:(population about 40,000 each). In 2008 there were 6,416 births and 7,572 deaths.
2096:
In 2010, the island's population was recorded at 497,973, 83% of whom were ethnic
1585:, in which Japan surrendered its claims in Sakhalin to Russia. In 1890 the author
6122:
6077:
The Ainu of Tsugaru : the indigenous history and shamanism of northern Japan
6000:
5954:
5168:
5141:
4975:
4901:
people known to latter ethnologists; or, the "Ke tcheng" might in fact be Nivkhs.
2139:, a city of about 175,000, has a large Korean minority, typically referred to as
7068:
6964:
6949:
6672:
6607:
6462:
6422:
6382:
6124:
The Conquest of Ainu Lands: Ecology and Culture in Japanese Expansion, 1590–1800
5935:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2012). "Gen-Mindai no shiryō kara mieru Ainu to Ainu bunka"
5224:
Japan and Russia want to finally end World War II, agree it is 'abnormal' not to
4898:
4894:
4006:
3929:
3925:
3807:
3676:
3618:) line extending for 228 kilometers (142 mi) from Nogliki further north to
3544:
in the south. Sakhalin's railway has a connection with the rest of Russia via a
3452:
3337:
2129:
2105:
2086:
2055:
1743:, the Soviet Union invaded southern Sakhalin, an action planned secretly at the
1437:
1330:
1228:
1044:
998:
990:
949:
901:
382:
181:
4633:
934:
846:, meaning "Chinese person", from the presence of Chinese traders on the island.
452:. Its north coast lies 6.5 km (4.0 mi) off the southeastern coast of
7080:
6884:
6840:
6750:
6657:
6537:
6487:
4613:
The Natives of the Lower reaches of the Amur as Represented in Chinese Records
4118:
4068:
4002:
3991:
3672:
3502:, Japan, and operated through the autumn of 2015, when service was suspended.
3448:
3420:
3416:
3321:
3289:
2109:
2039:
1978:
1889:
1807:
1695:
1565:
1453:
775:
414:
6161:
6105:
5023:
4885:
Tatars") lived, according to the Jesuits, on the Amur below the mouth of the
3482:) is delivered by cargo boats, or by ferries, in railway wagons, through the
3288:) make their appearance. The underwoods abound in berry-bearing plants (e.g.
259:
246:
7098:
7074:
6844:
5960:
5750:
5285:
4136:
3995:
3957:
3921:
3444:
3297:
3293:
3144:
1946:
1907:
1892:
1878:
1718:
1560:(1860), under which China lost to Russia all claims to territories north of
1291:
928:
908:
406:
6944:
5606:
3786:
bridge to link Sakhalin with the Russian mainland. He also again suggested
1619:
Japanese forces invaded and occupied Sakhalin in the closing stages of the
1297:
In an early colonization attempt, a Japanese settlement was established at
5905:
Nakamura, Kazuyuki (2010). "Kita kara no mōko shūrai wo meguru shōmondai"
5143:
A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1990
4999:
The Russians had established a penal colony in northern Sakhalin in 1857 .
2645:
1597:
7009:
6879:
6869:
6796:
6662:
6617:
6602:
6527:
6472:
6417:
6367:
5438:
5384:
5050:, of New Bedford, Aug. 30–Sep. 5, 1902, G. W. Blunt White Library (GBWL).
3933:
3708:
3684:
3499:
3412:
3361:
3357:
3345:
2097:
1919:
1900:
1896:
1867:
1789:
1760:
1653:
1354:
1333:), who lived near the Qing office. The Ainu also sold the silk uniforms (
1224:
879:, an earlier name for the island now superseded by the transcription 사할린
489:
465:
374:
17:
6113:
3695:, South Korea. There are also charter flights to the Japanese cities of
6874:
6770:
6612:
6567:
6562:
6542:
6084:
5959:, Voices from the Shifting Russo-Japanese Border: Karafuto / Sakhalin,
5801:"Sakhalin II: Laying the Base for Future Arctic Developments in Russia"
5536:
4942:
4755:
4046:
3832: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3783:
3756:
3732:
3704:
3639:
3589:) gauge began in 2004 and was completed in 2019. The original Japanese
3553:
3537:
3329:
3315:
3213:
3155:
3111:
2148:
2075:
2063:
1938:
1777:(and a number of their Japanese spouses) remained in the Soviet Union.
1577:
1198:
1153:
1048:
1035:(1368–1644) placed Sakhalin under its "system for subjugated peoples" (
975:
920:
916:
912:
713:
140:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
5942:
Atarashii Ainu shi no kōchiku : senshi hen, kodai hen, chūsei hen
4269:
3967:
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent
2180:
2162:
2132:. The Nivkhs in the north support themselves by fishing and hunting.
1259:. There were 500–600 people at the market during Mamiya's stay there.
6994:
6979:
6954:
6775:
6755:
6532:
6482:
6427:
6402:
6309:
4882:
3953:
3772:
3744:
3716:
3712:
3668:
3495:
3404:
3243:
3151:
3107:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2051:
1683:
1569:
1326:
1310:
1129:
1085:
957:
924:
652:
457:
5803:(Press release). Sakhalin Energy. September 27, 2006. Archived from
5657:"Russia Threatens To Halt Sakhalin-2 Project Unless Shell Cleans Up"
4980:. Vol. 23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
4217:
3972:
5129:
16th Army, 2nd Far Eastern Front, Soviet Far East Command, 09.08,45
4804:
Ocean of Destiny: A concise History of the North Pacific, 1500–1978
4579:. Seattle, Wash: University of Washington Press. pp. 158–161.
3182:) are the chief trees; on the upper parts of the mountains are the
1120:, which came to power in China in 1644, called Sakhalin "Kuyedao" (
849:
A derivation from dialect words meaning "prawns" or "many herring".
6989:
6816:
6452:
6316:
5778:"CEO delivers message at Sakhalin's first major energy conference"
5062:, of Fairhaven, Aug. 4–6, 1848, Old Dartmouth Historical Society;
3975:
with extensive petroleum-exploration and mining by most large oil
3945:
3903:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3341:
3251:
3247:
3195:
3133:
3125:
2059:
2026:
1862:
Sakhalin is separated from the mainland by the narrow and shallow
1806:
1687:
1596:
1519:
1516:, Russia. It is the house where he stayed in Sakhalin during 1890.
1507:
1499:
1419:
1383:
1269:
1107:
953:
933:
895:
574:, when Japanese civilians were displaced from the island in 1949.
538:
501:
461:
460:, while its southern tip lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of
62:
5046:, of Stonington, Aug. 10–31, 1848, Nicholson Whaling Collection;
1305:
drew a map of the island and called it "Kita-Ezo" (Northern Ezo,
6806:
6652:
3491:
3400:
3373:
3369:
3353:
1915:
1911:
1169:
1039:). From 1409 to 1411 the Ming established an outpost called the
994:
418:
115:
7029:
6702:
6280:
6224:
1949:
or Higashifushimi Bay at the southern extremity of the island.
1866:, which often freezes in winter in its narrower part, and from
5305:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
5199:
5082:, of New Bedford, June 13, 1855, Nicholson Whaling Collection.
4729:秋月俊幸『日露関係とサハリン島：幕末明治初年の領土問題』筑摩書房、1994年、34頁（Akizuki Toshiyuki,
4346:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.
3949:
3941:
3801:
3365:
3352:, a subspecies of Siberian musk deer. Smaller mammals include
3348:
in the north); rarely seen, but still present, is the elusive
3255:
3217:
1306:
1001:
rivers in 1263, and forced the submission of the two peoples.
71:
6214:
Globetrotting for Love and Other Stories from Sakhalin Island
5333:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
5319:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г
4420:
4418:
1372:
Japan proclaimed sovereignty over Sakhalin in 1807; in 1809,
5845:"Russia aims to make Sakhalin island carbon neutral by 2025"
5427:
5406:
Sakhalin Hydrometeorological Service, accessed 19 April 2011
5307:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
4677:
4675:
4348:(in Russian). Vol. LXXVII. 1904. pp. 34–37, 56–63.
3979:. The oil and natural- gas reserves contain an estimated 14
2085:
inhabitants of Sakhalin (including the Japanized indigenous
1112:
French map from 1821 showing Sakhalin as part of Qing Empire
5608:Президент России хочет остров Сахалин соединить с материком
3794:
ordered a feasibility study for a mainland bridge project.
1396:, who in his turn made use of the information collected by
5405:
5146:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 354.
5094:(Vol. IV, No. 9, September 29, 1855, pp. 68, 72, Honolulu)
4692:
4690:
1660:). A large number of migrants were brought in from Korea.
5012:"Chekhov's trip to Sakhalin puts lockdown in perspective"
4405:
4403:
4390:
4388:
3767:
announced government support for the construction of the
3559:
The process of converting the railways from the Japanese
2124:. The native inhabitants currently consist of some 2,000
1301:
on Sakhalin's southern end in 1679. Cartographers of the
1084:). In 1431, one such assistant commander, Alige, brought
4556:
4554:
4435:
4433:
3912:
production plant built as part of the Sakhalin-2 project
1895:, containing an abundant and specific fauna of gigantic
1788:(1951), but maintains that the four offshore islands of
5879:
Ruins of identity: ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands
5195:
Sakhalin memories: Japanese stranded by war in the USSR
3525:), which is one of the 17 territorial divisions of the
1504:
1823 Japanese map of Karafuto and the mouth of the Amur
1436:
and Cape Aniva on the island's east coast in 1643. The
1408:
in 1643). Cape Aniva, also discovered by de Vries, and
4838:. Vol. 1. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. p. xxxviii
4266:"The Sakhalin Regional Museum: The Indigenous Peoples"
1479:
due to contrary winds, La Perouse charted most of the
811:
616:
5948:(in Japanese). Hokkaido University. pp. 138–145.
5368:" (2015). Honors Theses. Western Michigan University.
4867:. Vol. 4. La Haye: H. Scheurleer. pp. 14–16
3246:
are mixed with the conifers; while farther south the
1973:
Sakhalin has two smaller islands associated with it,
1575:
In 1857, the Russians established a penal colony, or
1309:
being the old Japanese name for the islands north of
630:
6127:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
5525:
Bolashenko, Serguei (Болашенко, С.) (July 6, 2006).
5272:
5270:
5268:
4179:
4177:
3778:
In July 2013, Russian Far East development minister
1601:
Sakhalin Island with Karafuto Prefecture highlighted
1416:) are, however, thought to form part of the mainland
1168:. In the following year the Qing sent forces to the
755:
749:
743:
717:
694:
662:
111:
44:"Sakhalin Island" redirects here. For the book, see
6860:
6736:
2143:, who were forcibly brought by the Japanese during
1627:of 1905, the southern part of the island below the
1524:
Settler's way of life. Near church at holiday. 1903
911:Stone Age. Flint implements such as those found in
525:). The Ainu people of Sakhalin paid tribute to the
405:
400:
369:
361:
353:
348:
337:
325:
311:
301:
293:
283:
275:
238:
224:
219:
5711:
4490:
4360:
802:
680:
6025:Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria
5631:"Minister Proposes 7km Bridge to Sakhalin Island"
5417:https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8099/50345475
4864:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4835:figures & de vignettes gravées en tailledouce
4493:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
4200:
4198:
3683:has regularly scheduled international flights to
1663:The northern, Russian, half of the island formed
5920:] (in Japanese). Hokkaido University Press.
4733:, (Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo Publishers Ltd), p. 34.
1144:'island of the Ainu') or "Kuye Fiyaka" (
480:to its southwest. It is administered as part of
4321:Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750
1428:The first European known to visit Sakhalin was
1359:
1175:
780:
6262:– Proposed Sakhalin–Hokkaidō Friendship Tunnel
6079:(Thesis). The University of British Columbia.
5348:Czasopismo Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich
5066:, of Fairhaven, July 26 – Aug. 29, 1852, NWC;
4877:The people whose name the Jesuits recorded as
4363:The Shaman's Coat: A Native History of Siberia
3380:or near-endemic breeding species, notably the
3150:The whole of the island is covered with dense
1645:
810:The origins of the traditional Japanese name,
136:accompanying your translation by providing an
102:Click for important translation instructions.
89:expand this article with text translated from
7041:
6714:
6292:
6202:(London, 1903). (quoted in EB1911, see below)
5531:[Okha-Nogliki narrow-gauge railway].
3657:outside the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Railway Station
3593:were used by the Soviet Railways until 1979.
1888:Crystalline rocks crop out at several capes;
1735:Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
508:, who are now present in very small numbers.
434:
8:
6393:Chyornye Bratya (Chirpoy and Brat Chirpoyev)
5754:. London. September 22, 2006. Archived from
5684:"Russia Halts Pipeline, Citing River Damage"
5557:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4927:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4576:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
3667:Sakhalin is connected by regular flights to
1638:South Sakhalin was administered by Japan as
1483:, and islanders he encountered near today's
1316:In the 1780s, the influence of the Japanese
1074:), and "official charged with subjugation" (
723:
704:
672:
520:
174:
6235:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). p. 54.
5489:"Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin Island"
4424:
4367:. New York: Walker & Company. pp.
3986:(2.2 km) of oil and 2,700 km (96
1139:
1028:at posts in Wuliehe, Nanghar, and Boluohe.
7048:
7034:
7026:
6721:
6707:
6699:
6299:
6285:
6277:
5528:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
5491:. International Steam Page. Archived from
5242:The Physical Geography of Northern Eurasia
4632:Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (November 15, 2020).
3751:. The project was abandoned under Premier
3624:Узкоколейная железная дорога Оха – Ноглики
1277:described Sakhalin as an island in his map
1223:The Qing dynasty established an office in
562:the Japanese portion in the final days of
180:
173:
3908:At the ceremony marking the opening of a
3892:Learn how and when to remove this message
2135:The administrative center of the oblast,
1964:is the southernmost point of the island.
1452:joined a Chinese team visiting the lower
5918:A history and cultures of Northeast Asia
5682:Kramer, Andrew E. (September 19, 2006).
5070:, of New Bedford, July 8–10, 1874, GBWL.
4545:
4517:
4497:. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc.
4409:
4394:
4241:"Russia's Far East opens up to visitors"
3069:Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
2623:Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
6271:Maps of Ezo, Sakhalin and Kuril Islands
5985:, New York: Columbia University Press,
5294:. (In Russian, retrieved 21 June 2020.)
4521:
4185:"Sakhalin Island | island, Russia"
4173:
3628:
3459:can be spotted around Sakhalin Island.
1983:
1842:shook the former Russian settlement of
1164:as the border between the Qing and the
604:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
279:72,492 km (27,989 sq mi)
6254:Map of the Sakhalin Hydrocarbon Region
5726:from the original on December 10, 2022
5577:"Railway a Gauge of Sakhalin's Future"
5550:
5380:Сахалин становится островом близнецов?
4920:
4788:
4776:
4708:
4696:
4681:
4560:
4533:
4451:
4439:
4158:– a geological formation on the island
3788:a bridge between Sakhalin and Hokkaidō
1952:The northernmost point of Sakhalin is
1899:, occur at Dui on the west coast; and
1739:In August 1945, after repudiating the
737:Island at the Mouth of the Black River
511:The island's name is derived from the
4654:
4638:Japan Focus: The Asia-Pacific Journal
4162:Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia
1926:was probably broader than it is now.
1544:In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the
1266:Japanese exploration and colonization
1185:, the clan of the father's side) and
615:Sakhalin has several names including
443:
7:
6739:(38,610 sq mi) and greater
6029:University of British Columbia Press
5784:. September 27, 2006. Archived from
4977:The Correspondence of Charles Darwin
3830:adding citations to reliable sources
3763:In November 2008, Russian president
3719:. The island was formerly served by
2104:(5.5%). Smaller minorities were the
5335:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 36–37.
5321:. Vol. LXXVII. pp. 64–65.
4666:
4294:A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture
4216:. February 18, 1998. Archived from
4021:The Sakhalin I project, managed by
3415:visit the sea coast, including the
2074:) breeding. The Ainu, Japanese and
1041:Nurgan Regional Military Commission
6266:Steam and the Railways of Sakhalin
6146:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
6075:Tanaka, Sakurako (Sherry) (2000).
5226:, CSMonitor.com. April 29, 2013.
4214:United Nations Environment Program
3971:, Sakhalin has experienced an oil
1552:, Russia forced China to sign the
25:
7056:Chinese historical placenames in
5821:. Sakhalin Energy. Archived from
5637:. The Moscow Times. July 19, 2013
5236:Ivanov, Andrey (March 27, 2003).
1471:Only with the 1787 expedition of
1010:, a group of people known as the
774:is the proper Manchu name of the
6843:
6315:
6308:
6243:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.
5900:, Harvard University Asia Center
5352:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
5240:. In Shahgedanova, Maria (ed.).
4135:
4121:
3806:
3646:
3631:
3130:Western Gray whale near Sakhalin
2010:
1998:
1986:
1541:surveyed and mapped the island.
979:conquered the Jin dynasty (1234)
907:Humans lived on Sakhalin in the
868:The Japanese form 樺太 equates to
584:
568:claim the southern Kuril Islands
201:
200:
193:
76:
7158:Islands of the Russian Far East
6925:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
6558:Ptichy Island (Shantar Islands)
5911:Hokutō Ajia no rekishi to bunka
5881:. University of Hawai'i Press.
5170:The Citizenship Law of the USSR
4752:"Time Table of Sakhalin Island"
4573:Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2002) .
4239:Ros, Miquel (January 2, 2019).
3817:needs additional citations for
1870:, Japan, by the Soya Strait or
1741:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
1690:off Sakhalin. They cruised for
1376:claimed that it was an island.
956:in the central region, and the
550:, the island was divided, with
6863:(7,722–38,610 sq mi)
6553:Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai)
6223:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
5999:Schlesinger, Jonathan (2017),
5722:. London. September 26, 2006.
4001:In 1996, two large consortia,
3198:, both Siberian silver birch (
3077:Precipitation totals in inches
1993:Sakhalin and its surroundings.
1134:
1125:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1020:
1015:
657:
648:
640:
146:You may also add the template
1:
7163:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6628:Spafaryev, Ryabokon and Talan
6322:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
6256:– at Blackbourn Geoconsulting
5945:新しいアイヌ史の構築 : 先史編・古代編・中世編
5428:Penguin International Limited
3964:averages less than 100 days.
3918:primary sector of the economy
3707:and to the Chinese cities of
1941:flows south-southeast to the
1607:Japanese invasion of Sakhalin
981:, they suffered raids by the
832:, meaning "distant fortress".
7153:Islands of the Pacific Ocean
6221:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
5956:Japanese Society on Karafuto
5535:(in Russian). Archived from
5104:Starbuck, Alexander (1878).
3679:and other cities of Russia.
3344:are fairly numerous (as are
2034:children in Sakhalin c. 1903
1593:Division along 50th parallel
1227:, situated midway along the
970:Mongol invasions of Sakhalin
756:
750:
744:
718:
695:
681:
663:
27:Island in the Sea of Okhotsk
7143:Geography of Northeast Asia
6060:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
6023:Smith, Norman, ed. (2017),
4324:. Basic Books. p. 11.
3523:Сахалинская железная дорога
3439:, or orca. The once-common
2636:Source: Weather Underground
2100:, followed by about 30,000
2089:) who had not already been
1473:Jean-François de La Pérouse
1464:natives of the lower Amur.
915:have been found at Dui and
812:
631:
617:
297:1,609 m (5279 ft)
7194:
7148:Islands of Sakhalin Oblast
5350:(in Polish). Vol. 5.
5167:Ginsburgs, George (1983).
4889:, and were related to the
4268:. Sakh.com. Archived from
4063:International partnerships
3977:multinational corporations
3486:from the mainland port of
3484:Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry
3471:
3073:
3065:
2648:
2635:
2631:Precipitation totals in mm
2627:
2619:
1800:
1731:Invasion of South Sakhalin
1728:
1705:On June 7, 1855, the ship
1604:
1583:Treaty of Saint Petersburg
967:
952:in the southern half, the
857:
724:
705:
690:
673:
554:going to Japan. After the
521:
110:Machine translation, like
60:
43:
36:
29:
7064:
6838:
6328:
6216:(Times Group Books, 2017)
6209:(Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 2006)
6121:Walker, Brett L. (2006).
6007:Stanford University Press
5953:Nakayama, Taisho (2015),
5439:Sakhalin Shipping Company
5291:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
4489:Gall, Timothy L. (1998).
4151:List of islands of Russia
3960:grow there, although the
3681:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Airport
3474:Sakhalin Shipping Company
3425:North Pacific right whale
3399:). The rivers swarm with
3372:) nearly everywhere. The
3190:) and the Kurile bamboo (
1834:On 27 May 1995, the 7.0 M
1669:Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1646:
1623:. In accordance with the
1456:(known to them under its
1450:Xavier Ehrenbert Fridelli
1294:) in the spring of 1637.
1055:
993:) at the junction of the
964:Yuan and Ming tributaries
900:Historical extent of the
873:
840:
828:A borrowing of Mongolian
821:
626:
435:
316:
188:
179:
148:{{Translated|ru|Сахалин}}
91:the corresponding article
7178:Former Japanese colonies
6638:Trety, Krayny and Vtoroy
6142:Zgusta, Richard (2015).
6094:Journal of Asian History
5944:
5936:
5913:
5906:
5896:Kim, Loretta E. (2019),
5798:Citations for the date:
5607:
5527:
5379:
5140:Forsyth, James (1994) .
4598:Link is to partial text.
4297:. Springer. p. 24.
4029:from Sakhalin Island to
3940:. Limited quantities of
3565:3 ft 6 in
3403:, especially species of
3397:Phylloscopus borealoides
1514:Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky
1512:Anton Chekhov museum in
1064:), assistant commander (
948:of Sakhalin include the
864:) "strait made by gods".
719:Sahaliyan ula angga hada
344: (pop. 174,203)
37:Not to be confused with
7173:Physiographic provinces
7168:Pacific Coast of Russia
6730:World's largest islands
6232:Encyclopædia Britannica
4858:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4829:Du Halde, Jean-Baptiste
4189:Encyclopedia Britannica
3969:economic liberalization
3916:Sakhalin is a classic "
3743:The idea of building a
3567:) gauge to the Russian
3258:, as also the Japanese
1786:Treaty of San Francisco
1702:to the east and south.
1679:Between 1848 and 1902,
1652:), with the capital at
1430:Martin Gerritz de Vries
1285:, the second daimyō of
803:
472:, Sakhalin divides the
157:For more guidance, see
6970:Prince of Wales Island
6056:Stephan, John (1971).
6045:Sasaki, Shiro (1999),
5533:САЙТ О ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГЕ
5464:. 2007. Archived from
5444:July 29, 2016, at the
4801:Lower, Arthur (1978).
4469:wetherall.sakura.ne.jp
4291:Gan, Chunsong (2019).
4206:"Islands by Land Area"
3913:
3304:), red-berried elder (
3270:Phellodendron amurense
3147:
3140:Anaphalis margaritacea
3131:
2035:
2017:Zhdanko Mountain Ridge
2005:Velikan Cape, Sakhalin
1816:
1757:88th Infantry Division
1667:, with the capital at
1602:
1525:
1517:
1505:
1496:Russo-Japanese rivalry
1448:, Pierre Jartoux, and
1425:
1417:
1370:
1321:the Qing dynasty. The
1278:
1235:) or "village chief" (
1221:
1113:
1091:Ming Veritable Records
942:
904:
791:
592:This article contains
496:of the island are the
401:Additional information
294:Highest elevation
233:Northern Pacific Ocean
6861:20,000–99,999 km
6348:Baydukov and Belyakov
6200:In the Uttermost East
6180:A Journey to Sakhalin
5981:Narangoa, Li (2014),
5819:"Media Archives 2006"
5713:"Cynical in Sakhalin"
4039:liquefied natural gas
3910:liquefied natural gas
3907:
3638:A passenger train in
3591:D51 steam locomotives
3536:network extends from
3393:Sakhalin leaf warbler
3385:Nordmann's greenshank
3261:Kalopanax septemlobus
3137:
3129:
2030:
1840:Neftegorsk earthquake
1821:Korean Air Flight 007
1819:On 1 September 1983,
1810:
1633:Siberian Intervention
1600:
1523:
1511:
1503:
1477:northern "bottleneck"
1423:
1387:
1273:
1111:
937:
899:
556:Siberian intervention
476:to its east from the
159:Knowledge:Translation
130:copyright attribution
5937:元・明代の史料にみえるアイヌとアイヌ文化
5807:on December 14, 2011
5663:. September 26, 2006
5661:Agence France-Presse
5587:on September 9, 2012
5495:on February 17, 2008
5462:JSC Russian Railways
5288:– an article in the
4968:Burkhardt, Frederick
4318:Westad, Odd (2012).
4220:on February 20, 2018
4094:18th Century to 1875
3826:improve this article
3655:D51 steam locomotive
3326:Eurasian river otter
3279:Euonymus macropterus
1751:, consisting of the
1625:Treaty of Portsmouth
1558:Convention of Peking
1380:European exploration
1160:, which defined the
365:6/km (16/sq mi)
51:. For the film, see
7105:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
6930:Axel Heiberg Island
6260:TransGlobal Highway
6241:Sakhalin: A History
6182:(1895), including:
6058:Sakhalin: a history
5788:on November 1, 2007
5758:on February 9, 2007
5458:"Sakhalin Railways"
5193:Sandford, Daniel, "
4917:. pp. 259–266.
4807:. UBC. p. 75.
4791:, pp. 149–150.
4684:, pp. 134–135.
4359:Reid, Anna (2003).
3920:" area, relying on
3184:Siberian dwarf pine
3172:Abies sachalinensis
3162:(or Yeddo) spruce (
2649:Imperial conversion
1883:Sakhalin Island Arc
1753:79th Rifle Division
1640:Karafuto Prefecture
1629:50th parallel north
1615:Karafuto Prefecture
1446:Jean-Baptiste Régis
1158:Treaty of Nerchinsk
852:An aphetic form of
645:traditional Chinese
484:and is the largest
468:. An island of the
445:[səxɐˈlʲin]
256: /
176:
6940:Southampton Island
6212:Ajay Kamalakaran,
6207:Sakhalin Unplugged
6205:Ajay Kamalakaran,
6085:10.14288/1.0076926
5746:"A deal is a deal"
5689:The New York Times
5539:on August 11, 2014
5468:on October 4, 2011
5364:Carson, Cameron, "
4758:on October 3, 2015
4098:Tokugawa Shogunate
4031:De-Kastri terminal
3914:
3548:operating between
3350:Sakhalin musk deer
3201:Betula platyphylla
3148:
3132:
3098:) in the south to
2166:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
2036:
1848:Mercalli intensity
1817:
1768:evacuated to Japan
1621:Russo-Japanese War
1603:
1539:Nikolay Rudanovsky
1526:
1518:
1506:
1426:
1418:
1318:Tokugawa Shogunate
1279:
1162:Stanovoy Mountains
1114:
1043:near the ruins of
943:
905:
835:A modification of
754:means "river" and
637:simplified Chinese
548:Russo-Japanese War
494:indigenous peoples
448:) is an island in
338:Largest settlement
302:Highest point
138:interlanguage link
7120:
7119:
7023:
7022:
6696:
6695:
6593:Sakharnaya Golova
6239:John J. Stephan,
6186:Saghalien Island
5970:978-1-315-75268-6
5907:「北からの蒙古襲来」をめぐる諸問題
5780:(Press release).
5251:978-0-19-823384-8
5238:"18 The Far East"
5048:Charles W. Morgan
4699:, pp. 87–89.
4272:on March 17, 2009
3902:
3901:
3894:
3876:
3753:Nikita Khrushchev
3441:Japanese sea lion
3307:Sambucus racemosa
3145:peacock butterfly
3089:humid continental
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
2640:
2639:
2137:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1958:Schmidt Peninsula
1954:Cape of Elisabeth
1929:Main rivers: The
1872:La Pérouse Strait
1864:Strait of Tartary
1813:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1713:, was wrecked on
1698:to the north and
1658:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
1546:Treaty of Shimoda
1534:Gennady Nevelskoy
1481:Strait of Tartary
1142:
946:Indigenous people
600:rendering support
572:La Pérouse Strait
552:Southern Sakhalin
428:
427:
342:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
170:
169:
103:
99:
16:(Redirected from
7185:
7113:(Waixing'anling)
7050:
7043:
7036:
7027:
6985:Vancouver Island
6915:Alexander Island
6853:
6848:
6847:
6792:Ellesmere Island
6723:
6716:
6709:
6700:
6458:Khalpili Islands
6320:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6278:
6236:
6228:
6226:"Sakhalin"
6165:
6138:
6117:
6088:
6071:
6052:
6041:
6019:
5995:
5977:
5949:
5931:
5901:
5898:Ethnic Chrysalis
5892:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5825:on July 15, 2011
5816:
5814:
5812:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5715:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5583:. Archived from
5575:(July 7, 2008).
5573:The Moscow Times
5569:
5563:
5562:
5556:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5522:
5516:
5514:Gauge conversion
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5487:Dickinson, Rob.
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5454:
5448:
5436:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5387:on July 17, 2011
5375:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5343:
5337:
5336:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5301:
5295:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5210:
5204:
5203:, 3 August 2011.
5191:
5185:
5184:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5137:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5071:
5057:
5051:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4972:Secord, James A.
4964:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4918:
4908:
4902:
4879:Ke tcheng ta tse
4876:
4874:
4872:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4754:. Archived from
4748:
4742:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4685:
4679:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4629:
4616:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4496:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4428:
4425:Schlesinger 2017
4422:
4413:
4407:
4398:
4392:
4383:
4382:
4366:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4210:Island Directory
4202:
4193:
4192:
4191:. July 23, 2024.
4181:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4016:waste management
3897:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3834:
3810:
3802:
3650:
3635:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3599:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3540:in the north to
3534:Sakhalin Railway
3527:Russian Railways
3519:Sakhalin Railway
3457:Steller sea lion
3419:Western Pacific
3302:red whortleberry
3285:Vitis thunbergii
3282:) and the vine (
3076:
3068:
3059:
3054:
3043:
3028:
3023:
3012:
2997:
2992:
2981:
2966:
2961:
2950:
2935:
2930:
2919:
2904:
2899:
2888:
2873:
2868:
2857:
2842:
2837:
2826:
2811:
2806:
2795:
2780:
2775:
2764:
2749:
2744:
2733:
2718:
2713:
2702:
2646:
2630:
2622:
2613:
2608:
2597:
2582:
2577:
2566:
2551:
2546:
2535:
2520:
2515:
2504:
2489:
2484:
2473:
2458:
2453:
2442:
2427:
2422:
2411:
2396:
2391:
2380:
2365:
2360:
2349:
2334:
2329:
2318:
2303:
2298:
2287:
2272:
2267:
2256:
2181:
2163:
2141:Sakhalin Koreans
2014:
2002:
1990:
1943:Gulf of Patience
1811:Central part of
1775:Sakhalin Koreans
1745:Yalta Conference
1725:Second World War
1715:Cape Levenshtern
1651:
1649:
1648:
1550:Second Opium War
1485:Nevelskoy Strait
1404:, discovered by
1368:
1283:Matsumae Kinhiro
1253:Qianlong Emperor
1219:
1192:
1184:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1022:
1017:
875:
859:
842:
823:
815:
806:
789:
773:
770:
767:
764:
759:
753:
747:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
730:
721:
708:
707:
698:
692:
684:
678:
677:
676:
666:
659:
650:
642:
634:
628:
620:
606: instead of
588:
587:
524:
523:
486:island of Russia
447:
442:
438:
437:
395:Sakhalin Koreans
271:
270:
268:
267:
266:
261:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
229:Russian Far East
204:
203:
197:
184:
177:
149:
143:
116:Google Translate
101:
97:
80:
79:
72:
21:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7093:Sakhalin Island
7087:Blagoveshchensk
7077:(Shuangchengzi)
7060:
7058:Outer Manchuria
7054:
7024:
7019:
7000:Somerset Island
6935:Melville Island
6862:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6836:
6781:Victoria Island
6738:
6737:100,000 km
6732:
6727:
6697:
6692:
6598:Shantar Islands
6573:Rechnaya Matuga
6513:Morskaya Matuga
6443:Kamen Opasnosti
6373:Chastye Islands
6363:Bolshoy Shantar
6324:
6314:
6307:
6305:
6250:
6219:
6172:
6170:Further reading
6154:
6141:
6135:
6120:
6091:
6074:
6068:
6055:
6044:
6039:
6022:
6017:
5998:
5993:
5980:
5971:
5952:
5946:
5938:
5934:
5928:
5915:
5908:
5904:
5895:
5889:
5875:Hudson, Mark J.
5873:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5854:
5852:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5810:
5808:
5799:
5791:
5789:
5782:Sakhalin Energy
5776:
5775:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5719:Financial Times
5710:
5709:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5659:. Terra Daily.
5655:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5581:The RZD-Partner
5571:
5570:
5566:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5529:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5508:
5498:
5496:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5446:Wayback Machine
5437:
5433:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5411:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5363:
5359:
5345:
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5340:
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5330:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5303:
5302:
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5284:
5280:
5275:
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5230:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5207:
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5166:
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5161:
5154:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5123:
5116:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5086:
5078:
5074:
5058:
5054:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5010:
5009:
5005:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4974:, eds. (2015).
4966:
4965:
4961:
4948:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4919:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4870:
4868:
4856:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4707:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4631:
4630:
4619:
4606:
4602:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4559:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4520:, p. 415;
4516:
4512:
4505:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4416:
4408:
4401:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4102:Empire of Japan
4088:
4075:, United States
4065:
3898:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3835:
3833:
3823:
3811:
3800:
3769:Sakhalin Tunnel
3765:Dmitry Medvedev
3741:
3721:Alaska Airlines
3665:
3658:
3651:
3642:
3636:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3602:2 ft
3601:
3597:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:4 ft
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3515:
3476:
3470:
3465:
3389:Tringa guttifer
3242:), and several
3240:Taxus cuspidata
3223:Ulmus laciniata
3192:Sasa kurilensis
3164:Picea jezoensis
3124:
3122:Flora and fauna
3074:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
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3021:
3019:
3016:
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3008:
3005:
2999:
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2236:
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2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2171:Climate chart (
2161:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1991:
1860:
1846:with a maximum
1837:
1805:
1803:Sakhalin Oblast
1799:
1737:
1727:
1709:(396 tons), of
1677:
1665:Sakhalin Oblast
1643:
1617:
1611:Sakhalin Oblast
1595:
1556:(1858) and the
1554:Treaty of Aigun
1498:
1493:
1382:
1369:
1367:Brett L. Walker
1366:
1287:Matsumae Domain
1268:
1220:
1217:
1190:
1182:
1166:Russian Empires
1148:
1146:
1106:
1007:History of Yuan
972:
966:
894:
889:
862:kamoi kara buto
790:
787:
771:
768:
765:
762:
760:
739:
736:
733:
728:
726:
722:
674:
613:
612:
611:
608:Manchu alphabet
598:Without proper
589:
585:
580:
482:Sakhalin Oblast
454:Khabarovsk Krai
440:
424:
332:Sakhalin Oblast
327:Federal subject
321:
264:
262:
258:
255:
250:
247:
245:
243:
242:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
205:
166:
165:
164:
147:
141:
104:
81:
77:
70:
59:
54:Sakhalin Island
47:Sakhalin Island
42:
35:
32:Sakhalin Oblast
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7191:
7189:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7138:Ainu geography
7135:
7125:
7124:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7114:
7111:Stanovoy Range
7108:
7102:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7030:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7005:Kotelny Island
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6920:Severny Island
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6864:
6858:
6857:
6855:
6854:
6851:Islands portal
6839:
6837:
6835:
6834:
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6789:
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6758:
6753:
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6703:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6623:Sivuch'i Rocks
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6523:Nedorazumeniya
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6438:Kamen-Mukdykyn
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6378:Chetyre Paltsa
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6249:
6248:External links
6246:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6192:Across Siberia
6189:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6152:
6139:
6133:
6118:
6100:(2): 131–155.
6089:
6072:
6066:
6053:
6042:
6037:
6020:
6015:
5996:
5991:
5978:
5969:
5950:
5932:
5926:
5902:
5893:
5887:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5851:. June 2, 2021
5836:
5769:
5737:
5703:
5692:. p. C.11
5674:
5648:
5622:
5598:
5564:
5517:
5506:
5479:
5449:
5431:
5420:
5409:
5398:
5370:
5357:
5338:
5324:
5310:
5296:
5278:
5264:
5250:
5228:
5216:
5205:
5186:
5179:
5159:
5152:
5132:
5121:
5114:
5096:
5084:
5072:
5052:
5044:Mary and Susan
5036:
5003:
4986:
4959:
4934:
4903:
4849:
4820:
4813:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4743:
4722:
4713:
4701:
4686:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4617:
4600:
4585:
4565:
4563:, p. 133.
4550:
4548:, p. 415.
4538:
4526:
4510:
4503:
4481:
4456:
4444:
4442:, p. 226.
4429:
4427:, p. 135.
4414:
4399:
4397:, p. 295.
4384:
4377:
4351:
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4283:
4257:
4231:
4194:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4143:Islands portal
4132:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4095:
4092:Russian Empire
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4076:
4064:
4061:
4023:Exxon Neftegas
3962:growing season
3900:
3899:
3814:
3812:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3792:Vladimir Putin
3780:Viktor Ishayev
3740:
3737:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3630:
3514:
3511:
3472:Main article:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3455:and the giant
3360:, and various
3334:eaurasian lynx
3266:Amur cork tree
3180:Larix gmelinii
3176:Dahurian larch
3123:
3120:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3062:
3056:
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3048:
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3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
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2823:
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2817:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2688:
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2676:
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2501:
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2250:
2247:
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2242:
2239:
2237:
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2229:
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2222:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1985:
1975:Moneron Island
1935:Sea of Okhotsk
1859:
1856:
1835:
1829:Larry McDonald
1825:Moneron Island
1801:Main article:
1798:
1797:Recent history
1795:
1726:
1723:
1676:
1673:
1594:
1591:
1568:) and east of
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1381:
1378:
1364:
1267:
1264:
1243:). In 1732, 6
1215:
1105:
1104:Qing tributary
1102:
1071:zhǐhuī qiānshì
968:Main article:
965:
962:
960:in the north.
893:
890:
888:
885:
866:
865:
850:
847:
833:
785:
602:, you may see
590:
583:
582:
581:
579:
576:
474:Sea of Okhotsk
450:Northeast Asia
433:(Russian:
426:
425:
423:
422:
411:
409:
403:
402:
398:
397:
371:
367:
366:
363:
359:
358:
357:489,638 (2019)
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
339:
335:
334:
329:
323:
322:
317:
314:
313:
312:Administration
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
281:
280:
277:
273:
272:
240:
236:
235:
226:
222:
221:
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207:
206:
199:
198:
192:
191:
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168:
167:
163:
162:
155:
144:
122:
119:
108:
105:
86:
85:
84:
82:
75:
39:Sacalin Island
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7190:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
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7059:
7051:
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7044:
7039:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6975:Yuzhny Island
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
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6898:
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6893:
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6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6859:
6852:
6846:
6841:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6787:Great Britain
6785:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6766:Baffin Island
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6719:
6717:
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6705:
6704:
6701:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
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6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
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6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
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6591:
6589:
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6584:
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6579:
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6569:
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6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6478:Kuril Islands
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
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6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6358:Bolshoy Chome
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6311:
6302:
6297:
6295:
6290:
6288:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6227:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6198:C. H. Hawes,
6197:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6176:Anton Chekhov
6174:
6173:
6169:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6153:9789004300439
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6134:0-520-24834-1
6130:
6126:
6125:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6067:9780198215509
6063:
6059:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6038:9780774832908
6034:
6030:
6026:
6021:
6018:
6016:9781503600683
6012:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5992:9780231160704
5988:
5984:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5933:
5929:
5927:9784832967342
5923:
5919:
5912:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5888:9780824864194
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5824:
5820:
5806:
5802:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5770:
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5752:
5747:
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5725:
5721:
5720:
5714:
5707:
5704:
5691:
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5685:
5678:
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5658:
5652:
5649:
5636:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5610:
5602:
5599:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5480:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5402:
5399:
5386:
5382:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5354:. p. 66.
5353:
5349:
5342:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5253:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5187:
5182:
5180:90-247-2863-0
5176:
5172:
5171:
5163:
5160:
5155:
5153:0-521-47771-9
5149:
5145:
5144:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5125:
5122:
5117:
5115:1-55521-537-8
5111:
5107:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5040:
5037:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5016:The Economist
5013:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4989:
4987:9781316473184
4983:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4814:9780774843522
4810:
4806:
4805:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4785:
4782:
4779:, p. 88.
4778:
4773:
4770:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4711:, p. 87.
4710:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4669:, p. 81.
4668:
4663:
4660:
4657:, p. 83.
4656:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4588:
4586:0-295-98124-5
4582:
4578:
4577:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4546:Nakamura 2010
4542:
4539:
4536:, p. 96.
4535:
4530:
4527:
4524:, p. 21.
4523:
4519:
4518:Nakamura 2010
4514:
4511:
4506:
4504:0-7876-0552-2
4500:
4495:
4494:
4485:
4482:
4474:September 24,
4470:
4466:
4465:"Yosha Bunko"
4460:
4457:
4454:, p. 64.
4453:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4412:, p. 20.
4411:
4410:Nakayama 2015
4406:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4395:Narangoa 2014
4391:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4378:0-8027-1399-8
4374:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4331:9780465029365
4327:
4323:
4322:
4314:
4311:
4306:
4304:9789811388675
4300:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4284:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4232:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4156:Ryugase Group
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4133:
4130:
4129:Russia portal
4119:
4114:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4081:, South Korea
4080:
4079:Jeju Province
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3893:
3885:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843: –
3842:
3838:
3837:Find sources:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3815:This section
3813:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:Petropavlovsk
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:, Japan, and
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3594:
3592:
3569:1,520 mm
3561:1,067 mm
3557:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3480:Kuril Islands
3475:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:and Japanese
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3429:bowhead whale
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:Erman's birch
3203:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3072:
3064:
3032:
3001:
2970:
2939:
2908:
2877:
2846:
2815:
2784:
2753:
2722:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2586:
2555:
2524:
2493:
2462:
2431:
2400:
2369:
2338:
2307:
2276:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:Cape Khalpili
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1924:Arctic Oceans
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:conglomerates
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1642:(Karafuto-chō
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1587:Anton Chekhov
1584:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1530:Kuril Islands
1522:
1515:
1510:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:Cape Patience
1432:, who mapped
1431:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:Cape Patience
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:Matsumae clan
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Matsumae clan
1300:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1214:
1212:
1211:Eight Banners
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
987:Udege peoples
984:
980:
977:
971:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
936:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
903:
898:
892:Early history
891:
886:
884:
882:
878:
871:
863:
855:
851:
848:
845:
838:
834:
831:
827:
826:
825:
819:
814:
808:
805:
800:
796:
784:
779:
777:
758:
757:sahaliyan ula
752:
746:
720:
715:
710:
702:
697:
688:
683:
670:
665:
660:
654:
646:
638:
633:
624:
619:
609:
605:
601:
597:
595:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:Kuril Islands
540:
536:
532:
528:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
432:
420:
416:
413:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:Ethnic groups
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
310:
307:
306:Mount Lopatin
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
218:
196:
187:
183:
178:
172:
160:
156:
153:
145:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
107:
106:
100:
94:
92:
87:You can help
83:
74:
73:
68:
64:
57:
55:
50:
48:
40:
33:
19:
7071:(Haishenwai)
6910:Devon Island
6895:Banks Island
6889:
6822:Newfoundland
6812:North Island
6802:South Island
6587:
6583:Rovny Island
6493:Maly Shantar
6433:Ivyinichaman
6343:Banka Zotova
6240:
6230:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6191:
6185:
6179:
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6123:
6097:
6093:
6076:
6057:
6047:
6024:
6001:
5982:
5975:Google Books
5973:– via
5955:
5941:
5917:
5910:
5897:
5878:
5853:. Retrieved
5848:
5839:
5827:. Retrieved
5823:the original
5809:. Retrieved
5805:the original
5790:. Retrieved
5786:the original
5772:
5760:. Retrieved
5756:the original
5749:
5740:
5728:. Retrieved
5717:
5706:
5694:. Retrieved
5687:
5677:
5665:. Retrieved
5651:
5639:. Retrieved
5634:
5625:
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5601:
5589:. Retrieved
5585:the original
5580:
5567:
5541:. Retrieved
5537:the original
5532:
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5509:
5497:. Retrieved
5493:the original
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5466:the original
5452:
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5412:
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5385:the original
5373:
5360:
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5341:
5332:
5327:
5318:
5313:
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5281:
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5241:
5231:
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5189:
5169:
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5091:
5087:
5080:William Wirt
5079:
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5015:
5006:
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4991:. Retrieved
4976:
4962:
4954:
4947:. Retrieved
4937:
4913:
4906:
4890:
4887:Dondon River
4878:
4869:. Retrieved
4862:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4833:
4823:
4803:
4796:
4784:
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4760:. Retrieved
4756:the original
4746:
4730:
4725:
4716:
4704:
4662:
4650:
4641:
4637:
4603:
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4575:
4568:
4541:
4529:
4522:Stephan 1971
4513:
4492:
4484:
4472:. Retrieved
4468:
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4340:
4320:
4313:
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4274:. Retrieved
4270:the original
4260:
4248:. Retrieved
4244:
4234:
4222:. Retrieved
4218:the original
4209:
4188:
4108:Qing dynasty
4058:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:Tatar Strait
4020:
4000:
3966:
3915:
3888:
3879:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3836:
3824:Please help
3819:verification
3816:
3777:
3762:
3742:
3666:
3595:
3558:
3531:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3477:
3453:ringed seals
3437:killer whale
3433:beluga whale
3411:). Numerous
3409:Oncorhynchus
3408:
3396:
3388:
3320:
3305:
3283:
3277:
3269:
3259:
3239:
3236:Japanese yew
3232:Prunus padus
3231:
3221:
3209:
3199:
3191:
3188:Pinus pumila
3187:
3179:
3171:
3168:Sakhalin fir
3163:
3149:
3138:
3116:
3103:
3095:
3086:
2145:World War II
2134:
2095:
2081:The 400,000
2080:
2037:
2023:Demographics
1972:
1965:
1962:Cape Crillon
1951:
1928:
1887:
1876:
1861:
1851:
1833:
1818:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1738:
1706:
1704:
1700:right whales
1678:
1662:
1637:
1618:
1576:
1574:
1562:Heilongjiang
1543:
1527:
1491:19th century
1470:
1466:
1427:
1413:
1410:Cape Crillon
1390:earlier work
1374:Mamiya Rinzō
1371:
1360:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1315:
1296:
1280:
1275:Mamiya Rinzō
1261:
1257:Rinzo Mamiya
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1218:Shiro Sasaki
1206:
1202:
1194:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1133:
1118:Qing dynasty
1115:
1096:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1053:
1036:
1033:Ming dynasty
1031:The Chinese
1030:
1026:Yuan dynasty
1019:
1011:
1005:
1003:
973:
944:
906:
880:
876:
867:
861:
843:
829:
809:
798:
794:
792:
781:
711:
656:
614:
591:
564:World War II
516:
510:
478:Sea of Japan
470:West Pacific
430:
429:
362:Pop. density
349:Demographics
318:
171:
134:edit summary
125:
98:(March 2022)
96:
88:
67:Heilongjiang
53:
46:
7089:(Hailanpao)
7069:Vladivostok
6965:New Britain
6950:Spitsbergen
6678:Yengalychev
6673:Yam Islands
6608:Shiashkotan
6463:Kharimkotan
6398:Dobrzhansky
6383:Chirinkotan
6188:(1891–1895)
5914:北東アジアの歴史と文化
5868:Works cited
5635:RIA Novosti
5060:Eliza Adams
4949:October 31,
4891:Yupi ta tse
4789:Walker 2006
4777:Sasaki 1999
4709:Sasaki 1999
4697:Sasaki 1999
4682:Walker 2006
4561:Walker 2006
4534:Zgusta 2015
4452:Zgusta 2015
4440:Hudson 1999
4110:, 1636–1872
4007:Sakhalin-II
3930:coal mining
3882:August 2022
3782:proposed a
3739:Fixed links
3677:Vladivostok
3653:A Japanese
3598:750 mm
3546:train ferry
3364:(including
3338:leopard cat
3228:bird cherry
2173:explanation
1696:gray whales
1331:Ulch people
1229:Mudan River
1116:The Manchu
1037:ximin tizhi
991:Tyr, Russia
902:Ainu people
788:T. Nakayama
769:Black River
263: /
239:Coordinates
7127:Categories
7081:Khabarovsk
6885:Hispaniola
6761:Madagascar
6751:New Guinea
6548:Prokofyeva
6538:Paramushir
6488:Makanrushi
6408:Feklistova
6333:Antsiferov
5730:October 2,
5108:. Castle.
5092:The Friend
5068:Sea Breeze
4993:October 3,
4762:August 16,
4739:4480856684
4655:Smith 2017
4250:January 6,
4245:CNN Travel
4086:Claimed by
4073:Washington
4069:Gig Harbor
4003:Sakhalin-I
3992:ExxonMobil
3958:vegetables
3852:newspapers
3841:"Sakhalin"
3745:fixed link
3673:Khabarovsk
3449:Yellow Sea
3431:, and the
3421:gray whale
3417:endangered
3391:) and the
3382:endangered
3322:Brown bear
3290:cloudberry
3210:B. ermanii
3174:) and the
3156:coniferous
2110:Ukrainians
2040:Ukrainians
1979:Ush Island
1966:See also:
1908:sandstones
1893:limestones
1890:Cretaceous
1844:Neftegorsk
1729:See also:
1711:New London
1684:whaleships
1605:See also:
1414:Black Cape
974:After the
776:Amur River
716:called it
691:Бугата на̄
354:Population
260:51°N 143°E
93:in Russian
7107:(Miaojie)
7101:(Nibuchu)
7099:Nerchinsk
7095:(Kuyedao)
7075:Ussuriysk
6900:Sri Lanka
6746:Greenland
6508:Menshikov
6413:Glinyanyy
6273:from 1854
6162:912504787
6106:0021-910X
5961:Routledge
5751:The Times
5641:March 29,
5029:March 28,
5024:0013-0613
4923:cite book
4168:Citations
4104:1840–1875
3928:exports,
3725:Anchorage
3463:Transport
3445:sea otter
3413:cetaceans
3358:squirrels
3312:raspberry
3298:crowberry
3294:cranberry
3154:, mostly
3100:subarctic
2091:evacuated
1947:Aniva Bay
1897:ammonites
1879:orography
1858:Geography
1749:16th Army
1719:whale oil
1707:Jefferson
1656:(today's
1394:d'Anville
1292:Poronaysk
1281:In 1635,
1233:hala-i-da
1081:wèizhènfǔ
1061:zhǐhuīshǐ
929:Aniva Bay
909:Neolithic
877:Hwangt'ae
858:カモイ・カラ・ブト
830:karahoton
761:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
745:Sahaliyan
725:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
682:Bugata nā
675:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
664:Sahaliyan
578:Etymology
542:northern
522:ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
517:Sahaliyan
415:UTC+11:00
407:Time zone
373:majority
285:Area rank
220:Geography
152:talk page
18:Sakhalian
7133:Sakhalin
7010:Sardinia
6905:Tasmania
6890:Sakhalin
6880:Hokkaido
6870:Mindanao
6797:Sulawesi
6783:(Canada)
6688:Zubchaty
6683:Zavyalov
6663:Ushishir
6618:Simushir
6603:Shelikan
6588:Sakhalin
6528:Onekotan
6518:Nansikan
6503:Medvezhy
6473:Kunashir
6418:Hokkaido
6368:Broutona
6114:41933457
5877:(1999).
5829:June 17,
5811:June 17,
5792:June 17,
5762:June 17,
5724:Archived
5696:June 17,
5667:June 17,
5615:June 17,
5591:June 17,
5553:cite web
5543:June 17,
5499:June 16,
5472:June 17,
5442:Archived
5391:June 16,
5257:July 16,
4871:June 16,
4860:(1736).
4842:June 16,
4831:(1736).
4667:Kim 2019
4609:Sei Wada
4592:June 16,
4276:June 16,
4224:June 16,
4115:See also
3988:trillion
3934:forestry
3757:Eurasian
3709:Shanghai
3685:Hakodate
3616: in
3587: in
3542:Korsakov
3500:Wakkanai
3346:reindeer
3310:), wild
2153:Korsakov
2128:and 750
2098:Russians
2083:Japanese
2072:reindeer
2068:Japanese
2066:, 0.81%
2062:, 0.95%
2058:, 2.82%
1960:, while
1920:Pliocene
1901:Tertiary
1868:Hokkaido
1838:
1790:Hokkaido
1782:disputed
1761:Toyohara
1681:American
1654:Toyohara
1406:de Vries
1365:—
1355:Nagasaki
1241:mokun-da
1237:gasan-da
1225:Ningguta
1216:—
1135:Kùyè dǎo
939:De Vries
881:Sahallin
844:Karahito
837:Japanese
818:Japanese
813:Karafuto
786:—
727:ᡠᠯᠠ ᠠᠩᡤᠠ
623:Japanese
618:Karafuto
490:Russians
466:Hokkaido
436:Сахали́н
431:Sakhalin
391:Japanese
375:Russians
225:Location
208:Sakhalin
175:Sakhalin
128:provide
7015:Bananal
6875:Ireland
6832:Iceland
6771:Sumatra
6643:Tyuleny
6613:Shumshu
6578:Reyneke
6568:Rasshua
6563:Raikoke
6543:Pilamif
6448:Kekurny
6388:Chkalov
6353:Belichy
6338:Atlasov
5855:June 3,
5849:Reuters
4369:148–150
4047:Gazprom
3984:barrels
3981:billion
3938:fishing
3866:scholar
3798:Economy
3784:railway
3773:roubles
3733:Magadan
3705:Sapporo
3701:Niigata
3640:Nogliki
3611:⁄
3582:⁄
3554:Kholmsk
3538:Nogliki
3378:endemic
3362:rodents
3330:red fox
3316:Spiraea
3274:spindle
3272:), the
3244:willows
3196:Birches
3166:), the
3152:forests
3112:Irkutsk
2159:Climate
2149:Kholmsk
2102:Koreans
2076:Koreans
2064:Germans
2054:, 5.1%
2050:, 5.4%
2046:, 5.8%
2042:, 7.0%
1956:on the
1939:Poronay
1852:Violent
1850:of IX (
1692:bowhead
1686:hunted
1675:Whaling
1578:katorga
1443:Jesuits
1398:Jesuits
1351:jittoku
1347:nishiki
1335:mangpao
1299:Ōtomari
1207:duanpao
1203:mangpao
1199:brocade
1154:Manchus
1152:). The
1122:Chinese
1049:Yishiha
976:Mongols
925:middens
921:Olonets
917:Kusunai
913:Siberia
887:History
714:Manchus
658:Kùyèdǎo
560:seizing
377:, some
265:51; 143
150:to the
132:in the
95:.
7083:(Boli)
6995:Sicily
6980:Hainan
6960:Taiwan
6955:Kyushu
6945:Marajó
6776:Honshu
6756:Borneo
6668:Utichy
6533:Oremif
6483:Kusova
6428:Iturup
6403:Ekarma
6160:
6150:
6131:
6112:
6104:
6064:
6035:
6013:
5989:
5967:
5924:
5885:
5248:
5177:
5150:
5112:
5022:
4984:
4883:Hezhen
4811:
4737:
4583:
4501:
4375:
4328:
4301:
3954:barley
3936:, and
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3749:tunnel
3731:, and
3717:Harbin
3713:Dalian
3703:, and
3669:Moscow
3550:Vanino
3496:timber
3488:Vanino
3427:, the
3405:salmon
3314:, and
3264:, the
3214:poplar
3204:) and
3158:. The
3108:Harbin
3093:Köppen
3049:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3018:
3015:
3007:
3004:
2987:
2984:
2976:
2973:
2956:
2953:
2945:
2942:
2925:
2922:
2914:
2911:
2894:
2891:
2883:
2880:
2863:
2860:
2852:
2849:
2832:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2801:
2798:
2790:
2787:
2770:
2767:
2759:
2756:
2739:
2736:
2728:
2725:
2708:
2705:
2697:
2694:
2603:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2572:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2541:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2510:
2507:
2499:
2496:
2479:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2448:
2445:
2437:
2434:
2417:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2386:
2383:
2375:
2372:
2355:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2324:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2293:
2290:
2282:
2279:
2262:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2126:Nivkhs
2122:Evenks
2118:Sakhas
2114:Tatars
2052:Tatars
1937:. The
1914:, and
1815:, 2009
1688:whales
1613:, and
1570:Ussuri
1458:Manchu
1343:chaofu
1341:, and
1327:Honshu
1311:Honshu
1249:gasban
1187:gashan
1149:ᡶᡳᠶᠠᡴᠠ
1132::
1130:pinyin
1124::
1086:marten
958:Nivkhs
870:Korean
804:koushi
706:Ых-миф
696:Yh-mif
671::
669:Manchu
655::
653:pinyin
647::
639::
594:Manchu
533:, and
513:Manchu
506:Nivkhs
504:, and
492:. The
458:Russia
393:&
319:Russia
56:(film)
49:(book)
6990:Timor
6817:Luzon
6648:Umara
6633:Telan
6498:Matua
6468:Konus
6453:Ketoy
6110:JSTOR
5916:[
4899:Nanai
4644:(22).
3996:Shell
3946:wheat
3873:JSTOR
3859:books
3723:from
3697:Tokyo
3693:Busan
3689:Seoul
3342:sable
3252:rowan
3248:maple
3143:with
2130:Oroks
2060:Oroks
2048:Poles
2044:Nivkh
2032:Nivkh
1916:clays
1912:marls
1462:Nanai
1438:Dutch
1247:, 18
1191:ᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
1098:Nivkh
1021:Gǔwéi
1012:Guwei
999:Amgun
983:Nivkh
954:Oroks
701:Nivkh
596:text.
539:China
515:word
502:Oroks
462:Japan
379:Nivkh
251:143°E
112:DeepL
63:Heihe
6827:Cuba
6807:Java
6653:Urup
6423:Iony
6158:OCLC
6148:ISBN
6129:ISBN
6102:ISSN
6062:ISBN
6033:ISBN
6011:ISBN
5987:ISBN
5965:ISBN
5922:ISBN
5883:ISBN
5857:2021
5831:2010
5813:2010
5794:2010
5764:2010
5732:2006
5698:2010
5669:2010
5643:2014
5617:2010
5593:2010
5559:link
5545:2010
5501:2010
5474:2010
5393:2010
5286:Тымь
5259:2008
5246:ISBN
5175:ISBN
5148:ISBN
5110:ISBN
5064:Erie
5031:2024
5020:ISSN
4995:2020
4982:ISBN
4951:2021
4929:link
4897:and
4895:Ulch
4873:2010
4844:2010
4809:ISBN
4764:2015
4735:ISBN
4594:2010
4581:ISBN
4499:ISBN
4476:2024
4373:ISBN
4326:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4278:2010
4252:2019
4226:2010
4011:US$
4005:and
3994:and
3973:boom
3956:and
3950:oats
3924:and
3845:news
3715:and
3691:and
3620:Okha
3552:and
3532:The
3513:Rail
3494:and
3492:coal
3401:fish
3374:bird
3370:mice
3368:and
3366:rats
3354:hare
3340:and
3254:and
3160:Yezo
2151:and
2120:and
2106:Ainu
2087:Ainu
2056:Ainu
1977:and
1877:Its
1733:and
1694:and
1566:Amur
1454:Amur
1349:and
1339:bufu
1245:hala
1195:hala
1183:ᡥᠠᠯᠠ
1179:hala
1170:Amur
1147:ᡴᡠᠶᡝ
1141:lit.
1066:指揮僉事
997:and
995:Amur
985:and
950:Ainu
854:Ainu
799:i.e.
795:kuyi
729:ᡥᠠᡩᠠ
712:The
693:),
687:Orok
632:Kuye
535:Qing
531:Ming
527:Yuan
498:Ainu
441:IPA:
419:MAGT
387:Ainu
383:Orok
289:23rd
276:Area
248:51°N
126:must
124:You
65:and
6658:Ush
6081:doi
5200:BBC
5197:",
4611:, ‘
3942:rye
3926:gas
3922:oil
3828:by
3663:Air
3468:Sea
3256:oak
3234:),
3226:),
3218:elm
3212:),
3194:).
3110:or
3104:Dfc
3096:Dfb
3042:2.5
3011:3.2
2980:3.9
2949:4.2
2918:4.1
2887:3.4
2856:2.1
2825:2.7
2794:2.2
2763:1.7
2732:1.7
2701:1.9
2612:−17
2503:107
2472:105
2333:−13
2302:−19
2271:−18
1931:Tym
1647:樺太庁
1392:by
1313:).
1307:Ezo
1239:or
1126:库页岛
1076:衛鎮撫
1056:指揮使
1045:Tyr
927:on
763:ᡠᠯᠠ
751:ula
709:).
679:),
661:),
649:庫頁島
641:库页岛
629:),
464:'s
456:in
114:or
7129::
6229:.
6178:,
6156:.
6108:.
6098:41
6096:.
6031:,
6027:,
6009:,
6005:,
5963:,
5847:.
5748:.
5716:.
5686:.
5633:.
5579:.
5555:}}
5551:{{
5460:.
5267:^
5018:.
5014:.
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4970:;
4953:.
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4921:{{
4881:("
4689:^
4674:^
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4640:.
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4467:.
4432:^
4417:^
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