347:
different system for cloth backings, with the weight of the backing rated J, X, Y, T, and M, from lightest to heaviest. A flexible backing allows sandpaper to follow irregular contours of a workpiece; relatively inflexible backing is optimal for regular rounded or flat surfaces. Sandpaper backings may be glued to the paper or form a separate support structure for moving sandpaper, such as used in sanding belts and discs. Stronger paper or backing increases the ease of sanding wood. The harder the backing material, the faster the sanding, the faster the wear of the paper and the rougher the sanded surface.
876:. Approximately 90% to 95% of the surface is covered with abrasive grains with a closed coat. Closed coat sandpaper is good for hand sanding or working with harder materials. In comparison, 50% to 70% of the surface is covered with abrasive grains with open coat sandpaper. The separation between particles makes the sandpaper more flexible, which prevents the sandpaper from clogging. However, the gaps in grit coverage limits the sandpaper's ability to perform even polishing jobs. Open coat sandpaper is better for softer materials.
74:
1089:
462:
450:
3728:
992:
893:
764:
389:
258:
626:
356:
141:
3738:
3748:
32:
319:
1097:
the average grit size, but also the allowable variation from the average. The two most common are the United States CAMI (Coated
Abrasive Manufacturers Institute, now part of the Unified Abrasives Manufacturer's Association) and the European FEPA (Federation of European Producers of Abrasives) "P" grade. The FEPA system is the same as the
689:
By the successive use of progressively finer mesh emery paper, near-mirror finishes can be obtained. Water or oil is often used as a lubricant and to float the abrasive debris and worn abrasive away from the work, preventing the build-up of debris in the emery paper. The paper will lose effectiveness
1096:
Grit size refers to the size of the particles of abrading materials embedded in the sandpaper. These measurements are determined by the amount of the abrasive material that can fit through a square inch filter. Several standards have been established for grit size. These standards establish not only
104:
substance glued to one face. In the modern manufacture of these products, sand and glass have been replaced by other abrasives such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide. It is common to use the name of the abrasive when describing the paper, e.g. "aluminium oxide paper", or "silicon carbide paper".
749:
Abrasive papers and cloths with a waterproof backing allow the use of a lubricant, typically water, which can both decapitate rough surfaces when used dry and produce a semi-polished satin type finish when wet. Super-fine grades can produce a "key" adhesion surface appropriate for spray painting in
653:
work and the final adjustment of steel parts for a perfect fit. It had the advantage that, unlike harder abrasives, it was not considered to embed abrasive traces in the polished components afterwards. Emery was also used for cleaning, as a means of removing rust from polished steel components.
346:
fibre is a strong backing material consisting of many layers of polymer impregnated paper. The weight of the backing is usually designated by a letter. For paper backings, the weight ratings range from "A" to "F", with A designating the lightest and F the heaviest. Letter nomenclature follows a
641:
backing. It is used for hand metalworking. It may be sold in sheets or in narrow rolls, typically 25 or 50 mm wide, often described as "emery tape". The cloth backing makes emery cloth stronger in tension than paper, but still allows a sheet to be conveniently torn to size. Emery (largely
740:
particles rather than with bound grains of abrasive. It is intended for final metal and gemstone finishing and is available in various grades (particle sizes). Federal
Specification P-C-458 described this material in detail, although the specification was cancelled in 1989.
681:
Emery is rated on the average grit size, glued to the backing. Common sizes are, from coarse to fine: 40, 46, 54, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 180, 220, 320, F, and FF. A 46 or 54 grade cloth is used on roughly filed work, while 220 to 320 grit cloth will give a good
661:
stores, but have been largely supplanted by the increased use of machine grinding to precision size, which has minimized or eliminated the need for hand-fitting; the widespread availability of powered hand tools employing sanding and grinding accessories such as
127:). The grit size of sandpaper is usually stated as a number that is inversely related to the particle size. A small number such as 20 or 40 indicates a coarse grit, while a large number such as 1500 indicates a fine grit.
224:
has sharp-edged particles and cuts well whereas sand grains are smoothed down and do not work well as an abrasive. Cheap sandpaper was often passed off as glass paper; Stalker and Parker cautioned against it in
864:
is still used, but this glue often cannot withstand the heat generated during machine sanding and is not waterproof. Waterproof sandpapers or wet/dry sandpapers use a resin bond and a waterproof backing.
1105:(JIS), the micron grade (generally used for very fine grits). Cheaper sandpapers may sometimes only use descriptive nomenclature such as "coarse", "medium" and "fine" without referring to any standard.
497:
are coated abrasives for hand use, usually non-precision. Other coated abrasive forms include sanding cords, pads, belts, and discs. Variants are available for use by hand or as components for
713:, and more durable with less tendency to fracture than corundum. The use of natural emery papers is rare today generally being replaced with silicon carbide or pure aluminium oxide papers.
642:
displaced by improved products such as aluminium oxide and silicon carbide) is used for scrubbing highly abraded and rough surfaces to a smooth and shiny finish, notably in watchmaking.
244:. This allowed use with water, which would serve as a lubricant to carry away particles that would otherwise clog the grit. Its first application was in automotive paint refinishing.
3621:
363:
A quick-change system is commonly used with disc-type coated abrasives. A plastic or metal hub is bonded to one of the faces, which is threaded. This then mates directly to the
1598:
967:
Disk: made to fit different models of disc and random orbit sanders. May be perforated for some models of sanders. Attachment includes pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) and "
4210:
375:. The advantage is that the disc can be quickly replaced when needed. Quick-change discs are available in sizes of about 50 millimetres (2.0 in) and larger.
4172:
3611:
1379:
3784:
1591:
2044:
1102:
342:, "fibre", and rubber. Cloth backing is used for sandpaper discs and belts, while PET film is used as backing for extremely fine grits. Fibre or
4203:
2054:
53:
40:
2103:
1456:
1301:
1253:
111:
Sandpaper is produced in a range of grit sizes and is used to remove material from surfaces, whether to make them smoother (for example, in
108:
There are many varieties of sandpaper, with variations in the paper or backing, the material used for the grit, grit size, and the bond.
4228:
3596:
2019:
1584:
1307:
1259:
4278:
594:" where a dry lubricant is loaded to the abrasive. Stearated papers are useful in sanding coats of finish and paint as the stearate "
4196:
4165:
3741:
3626:
1542:
1358:
1075:
940:
847:
551:: The most common in modern use, with the widest variety of grits, lowest unit cost; can be used on metal (i.e. body shops) or wood.
436:
305:
879:
Wet and dry sandpaper is more effective used wet because clogging is reduced by particles washing away from the grinding surface.
3601:
4469:
3606:
1489:
1013:
918:
785:
716:
Emery cloth has the abrasives bonded to a fabric instead of a paper. The cloth is more tear resistant, flexible, and costly.
710:
414:
283:
158:. Please do not remove this message until the described events are arranged in an unambiguous forward-chronological sequence.
4341:
3616:
3326:
2344:
339:
4248:
4158:
3777:
2953:
1783:
1407:
1056:
828:
4781:
4391:
4316:
1322:
1028:
800:
112:
4791:
4632:
2803:
1009:
914:
781:
410:
279:
736:
Crocus cloth is an abrasive sheet similar to sandpaper or emery cloth but covered with a layer of very fine loose
4474:
4331:
3631:
2769:
2096:
2059:
1035:
807:
4464:
1668:
1643:
903:
683:
399:
268:
583:
4786:
4750:
4554:
4539:
4479:
4441:
3796:
3770:
2983:
2131:
2126:
2024:
2014:
2009:
1349:
1002:
922:
907:
774:
418:
403:
287:
272:
45:
3751:
1042:
814:
4584:
4564:
4459:
3708:
2789:
2759:
2754:
2460:
2049:
2039:
968:
486:
20:
4683:
4544:
4243:
4021:
3924:
3835:
3830:
2774:
2623:
2485:
2397:
2029:
217:
1432:
1024:
796:
73:
4668:
4574:
4273:
3731:
3636:
3520:
3411:
2905:
2585:
2565:
2505:
2089:
2069:
2064:
220:, whose company had developed new adhesive techniques and processes, enabling mass production. Glass
586:: Used in high pressure applications, used in both coated abrasives, as well as in bonded abrasives.
4597:
4524:
4376:
3361:
3356:
2890:
2875:
2855:
2850:
2726:
2608:
2034:
1653:
650:
567:
478:
4776:
4688:
4494:
4451:
4356:
4219:
3419:
2929:
2865:
2490:
2445:
2217:
2177:
601:
The harder the grit material, the easier the sanding of harder surfaces like hardwoods such as
557:: Available in very coarse grits all the way through to microgrits, common in wet applications.
4725:
4720:
4258:
4016:
3825:
3713:
3570:
3550:
3401:
3381:
2968:
2711:
2435:
2277:
1538:
1485:
1354:
1297:
1289:
1249:
1224:
1212:
1167:
1155:
206:
1243:
4673:
4436:
4426:
4401:
4396:
4381:
4263:
4238:
3939:
3371:
3346:
3321:
3291:
2948:
2530:
2425:
2192:
1985:
1950:
1788:
1088:
725:
671:
1551:. Fox Chapel Publishing. ISBN Hardcover:978-1-56523-548-9. ISBN Paperback:978-1-56523-566-3
1186:
461:
4371:
4306:
4301:
4124:
3703:
3316:
3252:
3026:
2746:
2716:
2676:
2590:
2292:
1673:
706:
675:
667:
561:
554:
548:
542:
237:
4647:
4607:
4529:
4406:
4139:
3820:
3682:
3672:
3580:
3540:
3336:
3331:
3296:
3247:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3016:
2779:
2475:
2297:
2282:
2267:
2202:
2167:
1945:
1803:
1768:
1728:
1505:
1134:
1049:
821:
720:
have applications similar to emery paper or cloth. It also has a use in modelling. For
658:
449:
194:
116:
4770:
4663:
4627:
4612:
4431:
4386:
4366:
4361:
4114:
4000:
3985:
3954:
3944:
3929:
3886:
3870:
3652:
3545:
3515:
3217:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3119:
2973:
2958:
2920:
2870:
2860:
2613:
2570:
2327:
2252:
2162:
2157:
1995:
1980:
1938:
1743:
1678:
1129:
368:
343:
77:
Sheets of sandpaper with different grit sizes (40 (coarse), 80, 150, 240, 600 (fine))
4642:
4622:
4509:
4181:
4119:
4093:
3964:
3901:
3465:
3396:
3351:
3341:
3306:
3237:
3232:
3192:
3164:
3099:
3084:
3021:
2993:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2595:
2575:
2312:
2287:
2272:
2232:
2197:
1933:
1928:
1873:
1868:
1853:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1773:
1733:
1718:
1683:
1393:
1119:
634:
591:
957:
Sheet: usually 9 by 11 inches (23 by 28 cm), but other sizes may be available
209:
plant is used in Japan as a traditional polishing material, finer than sandpaper.
4592:
4519:
4411:
4321:
4129:
4083:
3896:
3850:
3845:
3687:
3677:
3565:
3391:
3376:
3242:
3227:
3177:
3124:
3089:
3031:
2978:
2910:
2651:
2367:
2317:
2112:
1970:
1833:
1818:
1758:
1708:
1703:
1688:
1663:
1638:
1124:
991:
961:
892:
763:
717:
643:
536:
510:
506:
494:
388:
355:
257:
184:
1347:
Oberg, Erik; Jones, Franklin D.; Horton, Holbrook L.; Ryffel, Henry H. (2000).
123:), or sometimes to make the surface rougher (for example, as a preparation for
4745:
4740:
4617:
4534:
4326:
4088:
3934:
3916:
3865:
3575:
3530:
3311:
3257:
3207:
3197:
3149:
3139:
3094:
3036:
3001:
2941:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2545:
2500:
2349:
2262:
2227:
1990:
1960:
1878:
1793:
1748:
1114:
737:
625:
571:
498:
482:
198:
1576:
1411:
1228:
1171:
690:
if too much debris builds up, a condition known as "clogging", or "loading".
4735:
4730:
4698:
4693:
4514:
4504:
4489:
4296:
4057:
4052:
4026:
3860:
3855:
3510:
3480:
3475:
3366:
3301:
3144:
3129:
3104:
2895:
2840:
2830:
2764:
2736:
2671:
2307:
2242:
2187:
2182:
2172:
1903:
1763:
1698:
1693:
1648:
1549:
Understanding Wood
Finishing — How to Select and Apply the Right Finish
861:
663:
331:
1566:
1290:"The Major Manufacturers: From Food and Forest Products to High Technology"
31:
4484:
4351:
4311:
4286:
4098:
4078:
4062:
4047:
3995:
3980:
3959:
3949:
3906:
3840:
3490:
3470:
3460:
3114:
3079:
2815:
2691:
2618:
2560:
2525:
2520:
2417:
2336:
2247:
2212:
2207:
1975:
1920:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1863:
1611:
1098:
721:
702:
698:
490:
454:
124:
101:
318:
4755:
4715:
4637:
4569:
4499:
4416:
3667:
3662:
3555:
3525:
3485:
3429:
3283:
3262:
3154:
3109:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3041:
3011:
3006:
2880:
2784:
2721:
2666:
2555:
2510:
2465:
2387:
2377:
2362:
2257:
2237:
1965:
1915:
1888:
1883:
1858:
1778:
1753:
1607:
1571:
1016: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
788: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
724:
modelling, the fine grades of emery paper can have the appearance of a
646:, more commonly seen, has a paper backing and is usually a finer grit.
614:
602:
577:
474:
202:
960:
Belt: usually cloth backed, comes in different sizes to fit different
4602:
4559:
4549:
4253:
3990:
3891:
3815:
3657:
3386:
3134:
2885:
2835:
2731:
2701:
2641:
2515:
2440:
2402:
2355:
2222:
2140:
1838:
1723:
1658:
1294:
Minnesota in a
Century of Change: The State And Its People Since 1900
750:
critical decorative applications such as automotive bodywork repair.
709:(SiC) is often substituted for emery, silicon carbide being slightly
694:
532:
502:
364:
327:
213:
598:" prevents clogging and increases the useful life of the sandpaper.
477:
films and come in grit sizes range from very coarse (~2 mm) to
693:
Originally, emery paper was made from milled emery rock, bonded or
580:: Used for finishing and polishing hard metals, ceramics and glass.
4678:
4291:
3793:
3535:
3444:
3439:
3424:
2845:
2636:
2629:
2600:
2580:
2550:
2535:
2495:
2480:
2470:
2455:
2450:
2430:
2407:
2382:
2302:
1955:
1828:
1738:
1633:
1087:
638:
624:
610:
606:
526:
520:
470:
460:
448:
372:
354:
335:
317:
190:
176:
150:
chronological order is ambiguous, backward, or otherwise incorrect
120:
97:
93:
72:
3762:
197:) has also been used as an abrasive, and the rough scales of the
4042:
3434:
2963:
2900:
2825:
2706:
2661:
2656:
2392:
2136:
1823:
1713:
1623:
1561:
1457:"What is the Difference Between Open and Closed Coat Abrasives?"
860:
Different adhesives are used to bond the abrasive to the paper.
595:
221:
180:
4192:
4154:
4150:
3766:
2085:
1580:
1376:
Minerals and Metals; Their
Natural History and Uses in the Arts
1353:(26th ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc. p. 1440.
3810:
3560:
3051:
2820:
2646:
2540:
2372:
2081:
1848:
1628:
985:
886:
757:
382:
359:
Examples of sanding discs using a quick-change mounting system
251:
134:
25:
371:
or to a mandrel that can be mounted in a sander, grinder, or
175:
The first recorded instance of sandpaper was in 13th-century
19:"Sanding" redirects here. For the fish known as sanding, see
326:
In addition to paper, backing for sandpaper includes cloth (
155:
953:
Sandpaper comes in a number of different shapes and sizes:
233:
657:
Both emery cloth and paper are still sold in hardware and
1323:"What is Difference Between Emery Paper and Sandpaper?"
1101:
standard. Other systems used in sandpaper include the
322:
320 grit silicon carbide sandpaper, with close-up view
3622:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
240:
grit and a waterproof adhesive and backing, known as
16:
Abrasive material used for smoothing softer materials
4656:
4583:
4450:
4340:
4272:
4227:
4107:
4071:
4035:
4009:
3973:
3915:
3879:
3803:
3696:
3645:
3589:
3503:
3453:
3410:
3282:
3275:
3163:
3050:
2992:
2802:
2745:
2416:
2335:
2326:
2150:
2119:
1296:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 234.
92:, is a type of material that consists of sheets of
1156:"PS guide to sandpaper and other coated abrasives"
666:; and a shift to other forms of abrasive, such as
633:Emery cloth is a type of coated abrasive that has
974:Rolls: known as "shag rolls" by many contractors
201:are used for the same purpose by the natives of
1484:. Cincinnati, Ohio: Popular Woodworking Books.
564:alloy), used for machine grinding applications.
119:), to remove a layer of material (such as old
4204:
4166:
3778:
2097:
1592:
1562:Federation of European Producers of Abrasives
649:Emery was considered a suitable abrasive for
8:
921:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
545:: Commonly used to abrade or polish metals.
417:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
286:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4211:
4197:
4189:
4173:
4159:
4151:
3785:
3771:
3763:
3279:
2808:
2332:
2104:
2090:
2082:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1245:Living Fossil: The Story of the Coelacanth
1380:Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
1213:"How to choose the right coated abrasive"
1076:Learn how and when to remove this message
941:Learn how and when to remove this message
848:Learn how and when to remove this message
437:Learn how and when to remove this message
306:Learn how and when to remove this message
3612:Building and Wood Workers' International
154:Relevant discussion may be found on the
56:of all important aspects of the article.
1572:Conversion Chart Abrasives - Grit Sizes
1146:
1103:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
705:are used in place of natural glues and
1374:Parker, John W.; Strand, West (1835).
1248:. W. W. Norton & Company Limited.
570:: Used in extremely fine micron grit (
560:Alumina-zirconia: (An aluminium oxide–
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
1275:A Treatise of Japaning and Varnishing
516:Types of abrasive materials include:
227:A Treatise of Japaning and Varnishing
7:
3747:
1014:adding citations to reliable sources
919:adding citations to reliable sources
786:adding citations to reliable sources
415:adding citations to reliable sources
284:adding citations to reliable sources
3737:
3597:American Association of Woodturners
1292:. In Clark, Clifford Edward (ed.).
1187:"Know How: Sandpapers and Sanding"
613:. The grit material for polishing
453:Emery cloth sheet whose component
14:
3627:National Wood Carvers Association
1394:"P-C-458 C Cloth Abrasive Crocus"
3746:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3602:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1310:from the original on 2014-06-27.
1262:from the original on 2014-06-27.
990:
891:
762:
387:
256:
212:Glass paper was manufactured in
179:when crushed shells, seeds, and
148:This section lists events whose
139:
30:
1321:Dwivedi, Kamal (17 June 2021).
1242:Thomson, Keith Stewart (1992).
1001:needs additional citations for
773:needs additional citations for
473:, cloth, vulcanized fiber, and
183:were bonded to parchment using
44:may be too short to adequately
4470:Electrical discharge machining
4259:Numerical control (NC and CNC)
3607:British Woodworking Federation
1273:Stalker & Parker (1971) .
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
3617:Caricature Carvers of America
701:for water resistance. Today,
617:must be harder than granite.
1433:"Abrasive Wet and Dry Paper"
1211:Parker, Jerry (April 1962),
4317:List of drill and tap sizes
4808:
4633:Magnetic switchable device
1533:Dresdner, Michael (1992).
1185:Casey, Don (May 3, 2016).
529:: No longer commonly used.
523:: No longer commonly used.
236:invented a sandpaper with
18:
4711:
4475:Electrochemical machining
4188:
3722:
3632:Society of Wood Engravers
2811:
2004:
1619:
1408:"3M™ Wetordry™ Sandpaper"
465:Assorted coated abrasives
2045:Machine and metalworking
977:Sponge: for tight places
868:Sandpaper can be either
489:for coated abrasives is
205:. Boiled and dried, the
4555:Rotary transfer machine
4540:Photochemical machining
4480:Electron-beam machining
4442:Tool and cutter grinder
2055:Measuring and alignment
1154:Hill, Ray (July 1977),
697:to paper often with an
584:Ceramic aluminium oxide
3709:Frameless construction
2790:Wood-plastic composite
1784:Oxy-fuel cutting torch
1567:sizes.com on sandpaper
1535:The Woodfinishing Book
1288:Jeffrey, Kirk (1989).
1093:
971:" (similar to Velcro).
630:
487:international standard
469:Common substrates are
466:
458:
360:
323:
78:
21:Pseudaphritis urvillii
4751:Tools and terminology
3925:Continuous stationery
3836:Corrugated fiberboard
1547:Flexner, Bob (2005).
1091:
628:
464:
452:
358:
321:
76:
4669:Machining vibrations
4575:Ultrasonic machining
3637:Timber Framers Guild
2491:Australian Blackwood
2020:Cutting and abrasive
1350:Machinery's Handbook
1010:improve this article
915:improve this section
782:improve this article
629:320 grit emery cloth
411:improve this section
280:improve this section
4689:Tool and die making
4377:Cylindrical grinder
3357:Hammer-headed tenon
2876:Janka hardness test
1654:Ceramic tile cutter
1480:Stack, Jim (2006).
1461:Red Label Abrasives
703:synthetic adhesives
568:Chromium(III) oxide
535:: Commonly used in
229:published in 1688.
4782:Chinese inventions
4357:Abrasive machining
2218:Japanese carpentry
1437:The Polishing Shop
1094:
745:Wet and dry papers
672:aluminium zirconia
631:
590:Sandpaper may be "
467:
459:
457:is aluminium oxide
361:
324:
79:
4792:Surface finishing
4764:
4763:
4707:
4706:
4148:
4147:
4017:Ingrain wallpaper
3826:Coffee cup sleeve
3760:
3759:
3714:Green woodworking
3571:Wood preservation
3499:
3498:
3402:Tongue and groove
3382:Mortise and tenon
3271:
3270:
2969:Warrington hammer
2798:
2797:
2486:African Blackwood
2278:Segmented turning
2079:
2078:
1537:. Taunton Press.
1303:978-0-87351-238-1
1255:978-0-393-30868-6
1086:
1085:
1078:
1060:
951:
950:
943:
858:
857:
850:
832:
447:
446:
439:
316:
315:
308:
173:
172:
71:
70:
4799:
4674:Speeds and feeds
4427:Sharpening stone
4402:Grinding machine
4397:Grinding dresser
4264:Stewart platform
4213:
4206:
4199:
4190:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4152:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3764:
3750:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3280:
2949:Thickness planer
2809:
2603:(lime, basswood)
2333:
2193:Chainsaw carving
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
1986:Water jet cutter
1951:Sharpening stone
1789:Pencil sharpener
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1510:Empire Abrasives
1506:"Sandpaper Grit"
1502:
1496:
1495:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1410:. Archived from
1404:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1151:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1018:
994:
986:
946:
939:
935:
932:
926:
895:
887:
853:
846:
842:
839:
833:
831:
790:
766:
758:
493:. Sandpaper and
442:
435:
431:
428:
422:
391:
383:
311:
304:
300:
297:
291:
260:
252:
168:
165:
159:
143:
142:
135:
84:, also known as
66:
63:
57:
34:
26:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4703:
4652:
4579:
4446:
4437:Surface grinder
4372:Coated abrasive
4343:
4336:
4307:Drill bit sizes
4302:Drill bit shank
4277:
4268:
4230:
4223:
4217:
4184:
4179:
4149:
4144:
4103:
4067:
4031:
4005:
3969:
3911:
3875:
3799:
3791:
3761:
3756:
3718:
3704:Frame and panel
3692:
3641:
3585:
3495:
3454:Surface piecing
3449:
3406:
3327:Crown of thorns
3267:
3253:Smoothing plane
3159:
3046:
2988:
2891:Milling machine
2794:
2755:Cross-laminated
2741:
2412:
2322:
2293:Spindle turning
2283:Shingle weaving
2253:Pallet crafting
2146:
2115:
2110:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2000:
1674:Diagonal pliers
1615:
1605:
1558:
1530:
1528:Further reading
1525:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1217:Popular Science
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1160:Popular Science
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1111:
1082:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1019:
1017:
1007:
995:
984:
947:
936:
930:
927:
912:
896:
885:
854:
843:
837:
834:
791:
789:
779:
767:
756:
747:
734:
707:silicon carbide
676:silicon carbide
668:aluminium oxide
623:
562:zirconium oxide
555:Silicon carbide
549:Aluminium oxide
443:
432:
426:
423:
408:
392:
381:
353:
312:
301:
295:
292:
277:
261:
250:
238:silicon carbide
207:rough horsetail
169:
163:
160:
153:
144:
140:
133:
90:coated abrasive
67:
61:
58:
51:
39:This article's
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4805:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4787:Paper products
4784:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4530:Milling cutter
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Grinding wheel
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4229:Computer-aided
4225:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4140:Security paper
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3831:Corrugated box
3828:
3823:
3821:Cigarette pack
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3744:
3734:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3683:Quarter sawing
3680:
3675:
3673:Wood splitting
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3581:Wood finishing
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Paint stripper
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Shoulder plane
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Moulding plane
3220:
3215:
3213:Japanese plane
3210:
3205:
3203:Grooving plane
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Flooring clamp
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Winding sticks
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:Timber-framing
2951:
2946:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2780:Particle board
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Glue laminated
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2298:Timber framing
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:Relief carving
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Bush carpentry
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Types of tools
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Sharpening jig
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Milling cutter
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Grinding wheel
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1556:External links
1554:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1497:
1490:
1472:
1448:
1424:
1399:
1385:
1382:. p. 208.
1366:
1359:
1339:
1313:
1302:
1280:
1265:
1254:
1234:
1203:
1177:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:Steel abrasive
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1084:
1083:
1066:September 2022
998:
996:
989:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:
972:
965:
958:
949:
948:
899:
897:
890:
884:
881:
856:
855:
838:September 2022
770:
768:
761:
755:
752:
746:
743:
733:
730:
659:do it yourself
622:
619:
588:
587:
581:
575:
574:level) papers.
565:
558:
552:
546:
540:
530:
524:
445:
444:
395:
393:
386:
380:
377:
352:
349:
314:
313:
264:
262:
255:
249:
246:
195:placoid scales
171:
170:
147:
145:
138:
132:
129:
117:wood finishing
69:
68:
48:the key points
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4804:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:Cutting fluid
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:Machine taper
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Indexing head
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4585:Machine tools
4582:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Spark testing
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4387:Flick grinder
4385:
4383:
4382:Diamond plate
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4367:Bench grinder
4365:
4363:
4362:Angle grinder
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4226:
4222:and computing
4221:
4214:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Drink coaster
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4002:
4001:Visiting card
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:Business card
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Postage stamp
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3945:Manila folder
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Greeting card
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Facial tissue
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3871:Shipping tube
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3788:
3783:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3753:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Chainsaw mill
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:Organizations
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Steam bending
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:French polish
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Rabbet/Rebate
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Mason's mitre
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Jointer plane
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:Compass plane
3186:
3184:
3183:Chamfer plane
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3173:Bedrock plane
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Veneer hammer
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Impact driver
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Red Quebracho
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:Bow and arrow
2161:
2159:
2158:Boat building
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:Wire stripper
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Utility knife
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Plasma cutter
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Diamond blade
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:1-56158-037-6
1540:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1414:on 2022-09-05
1413:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1360:0-8311-2635-3
1356:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1192:
1191:Sail Magazine
1188:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Sanding block
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1077:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027: –
1026:
1022:
1021:Find sources:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1004:
999:This section
997:
993:
988:
987:
981:
976:
973:
970:
969:hook-and-loop
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
945:
942:
934:
924:
920:
916:
910:
909:
905:
900:This section
898:
894:
889:
888:
882:
880:
877:
875:
871:
866:
863:
852:
849:
841:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
806:
802:
799: –
798:
794:
793:Find sources:
787:
783:
777:
776:
771:This section
769:
765:
760:
759:
753:
751:
744:
742:
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
687:
685:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
655:
652:
647:
645:
640:
636:
627:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
563:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
463:
456:
451:
441:
438:
430:
420:
416:
412:
406:
405:
401:
396:This section
394:
390:
385:
384:
378:
376:
374:
370:
369:angle grinder
366:
357:
350:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
320:
310:
307:
299:
289:
285:
281:
275:
274:
270:
265:This section
263:
259:
254:
253:
247:
245:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:
182:
178:
167:
164:December 2023
157:
151:
146:
137:
136:
130:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
75:
65:
62:December 2023
55:
49:
47:
42:
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
4643:Rotary table
4623:Lathe center
4510:Machine tool
4421:
4342:Grinding and
4182:Metalworking
4134:
4120:Filter paper
4094:Playing card
3965:Post-it note
3902:Toilet paper
3521:Heat bending
3466:Edge banding
3238:Router plane
3233:Rebate plane
3193:Finger plane
2924:
2915:
2628:
2622:
2602:
2596:Lignum vitae
2354:
2348:
2313:Wood carving
2288:Shipbuilding
2273:Root carving
2233:Log building
2198:Chip carving
1874:Concrete saw
1869:Circular saw
1854:Abrasive saw
1843:
1814:Pocket knife
1799:Pizza cutter
1774:Nail clipper
1734:Honing steel
1719:Glass cutter
1684:Diamond tool
1669:Cutting tool
1548:
1534:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:
1500:
1481:
1475:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1402:
1388:
1375:
1369:
1348:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1316:
1293:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1244:
1237:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1180:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1120:Lapping film
1095:
1072:
1063:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1020:
1008:Please help
1003:verification
1000:
962:belt sanders
952:
937:
928:
913:Please help
901:
878:
873:
869:
867:
859:
844:
835:
825:
818:
811:
804:
792:
780:Please help
775:verification
772:
748:
735:
718:Emery boards
715:
692:
688:
680:
656:
648:
632:
600:
589:
515:
511:belt sanders
507:die grinders
468:
433:
424:
409:Please help
397:
362:
325:
302:
293:
278:Please help
266:
241:
231:
226:
211:
189:
174:
161:
149:
110:
107:
89:
85:
81:
80:
59:
43:
41:lead section
4721:Fabrication
4657:Terminology
4593:Angle plate
4520:Metal lathe
4412:Jig grinder
4322:Tap and die
4231:engineering
4130:Paper model
4084:Paper craft
4010:Decorations
3897:Paper towel
3851:Oyster pail
3846:Molded pulp
3742:WikiProject
3688:Rift sawing
3678:Flat sawing
3566:Wood drying
3243:Scrub plane
3228:Razee plane
3178:Block plane
3032:Mitre clamp
2979:Wood scribe
2930:Combination
2672:Purpleheart
2368:Douglas fir
2318:Woodturning
2151:Occupations
2113:Woodworking
2070:Woodworking
1971:Switchblade
1834:Razor strop
1819:Putty knife
1759:Meat slicer
1704:Emery cloth
1689:Disc cutter
1664:Countersink
1639:Bolt cutter
1125:Rotary tool
1025:"Sandpaper"
870:closed coat
797:"Sandpaper"
699:animal glue
644:Emery paper
637:glued to a
537:woodworking
499:power tools
495:emery cloth
242:Wet and dry
216:in 1833 by
185:natural gum
4771:Categories
4741:Metallurgy
4535:Pantograph
4327:Tap wrench
4089:Paper toys
4072:Recreation
3935:Index card
3917:Stationery
3866:Paperboard
3804:Containers
3697:Techniques
3646:Conversion
3576:Wood stain
3504:Treatments
3292:Birdsmouth
3258:Spokeshave
3208:Jack plane
3198:Fore plane
3037:Pipe clamp
3002:Band clamp
2926:Carpenters
2747:Engineered
2697:Rubberwood
2546:Eucalyptus
2350:Calocedrus
2263:Pyrography
2228:Kohlrosing
1991:Wire brush
1961:Steel wool
1879:Coping saw
1794:Pipecutter
1749:Lawn mower
1491:1558709436
1482:Box by box
1466:2020-07-07
1442:2023-03-10
1418:2022-09-05
1333:2023-03-10
1277:. Tiranti.
1223:(4): 159,
1196:1 February
1166:(1): 106,
1141:References
1115:Grain size
1092:Grit sizes
1036:newspapers
982:Grit sizes
931:April 2022
808:newspapers
738:iron oxide
664:flapwheels
572:micrometre
483:micrometre
427:April 2022
344:vulcanized
296:April 2022
218:John Oakey
199:Coelacanth
86:glasspaper
4777:Abrasives
4736:Machining
4731:Jewellery
4699:Workpiece
4694:Tramp oil
4684:Tolerance
4515:Machining
4505:Jig borer
4490:Engraving
4465:Broaching
4452:Machining
4332:Threading
4297:Drill bit
4279:threading
4220:Machining
4135:Sandpaper
4058:Newsprint
4053:Newspaper
4027:Wallpaper
3974:Financial
3861:Paper cup
3856:Paper bag
3486:Parquetry
3481:Oystering
3476:Marquetry
3317:Butterfly
2984:Workbench
2916:Sandpaper
2896:Mitre box
2841:Drawknife
2831:Burnisher
2816:Abrasives
2765:Hardboard
2426:Afromosia
2308:Whittling
2258:Parquetry
2243:Marquetry
2188:Certosina
2183:Carpentry
2173:Cabinetry
2120:Overviews
1904:Miter saw
1844:Sandpaper
1764:Mezzaluna
1699:Drill bit
1694:Drawknife
1649:Burnisher
1229:0161-7370
1172:0161-7370
902:does not
874:open coat
862:Hide glue
728:surface.
592:stearated
479:ultrafine
398:does not
379:Abrasives
332:polyester
267:does not
232:In 1921,
156:talk page
82:Sandpaper
46:summarize
4746:Smithing
4485:End mill
4392:Grinding
4352:Abrasive
4312:Drilling
4287:Die head
4274:Drilling
4099:Quilling
4079:Confetti
4063:Pamphlet
4048:Magazine
3996:Passbook
3981:Banknote
3960:Postcard
3950:Notebook
3907:Wet wipe
3841:Envelope
3797:products
3732:Category
3511:Adhesive
3491:Purfling
3471:Intarsia
3412:Profiles
3337:Dovetail
3276:Geometry
3115:Hand saw
3100:Crosscut
3085:Circular
3080:Chainsaw
3027:Holdfast
2692:Rosewood
2624:American
2619:Mahogany
2591:Jelutong
2561:Hornbeam
2526:Cocobolo
2521:Chestnut
2436:Andiroba
2248:Millwork
2213:Intarsia
2208:Fretwork
2203:Ébéniste
2132:Glossary
2025:Forestry
2015:Cleaning
1976:Tool bit
1925:Scraper
1921:Scissors
1909:Wire saw
1899:Hole saw
1894:Hand saw
1864:Chainsaw
1612:abrasive
1515:13 April
1329:. (blog)
1327:Mechical
1308:Archived
1260:Archived
1109:See also
1099:ISO 6344
722:00 scale
501:such as
491:ISO 6344
455:abrasive
340:PET film
113:painting
102:abrasive
100:with an
4756:Welding
4726:Forming
4716:Casting
4648:Wiggler
4638:Mandrel
4608:Fixture
4570:Turning
4565:Skiving
4525:Milling
4500:Hobbing
4422:Sanding
4417:Lapping
4344:lapping
3880:Hygiene
3752:Commons
3668:Whipsaw
3663:Sawmill
3556:Varnish
3551:Thermal
3526:Lacquer
3461:Binding
3430:Chamfer
3297:Biscuit
3263:Surform
3155:Whipsaw
3125:Keyhole
3110:Fretsaw
3090:Compass
3075:Bucksaw
3065:Bandsaw
3060:Backsaw
3042:Sawbuck
3012:F-clamp
3007:C-clamp
2881:Jointer
2785:Plywood
2737:Zebrano
2677:Ovankol
2642:Meranti
2630:African
2601:Linden
2556:Hickory
2511:Cedrela
2506:Camphor
2501:Bubinga
2496:Boxwood
2476:Bilinga
2461:Avodire
2378:Juniper
2363:Cypress
2238:Luthier
2127:History
2050:Masonry
2040:Kitchen
1966:Surform
1916:Scalpel
1889:Hacksaw
1884:Fretsaw
1859:Bandsaw
1779:Nibbler
1754:Machete
1608:Cutting
1050:scholar
923:removed
908:sources
822:scholar
651:fitting
615:granite
603:hickory
578:Diamond
503:sanders
485:). The
475:plastic
419:removed
404:sources
351:Fitting
288:removed
273:sources
248:Backing
203:Comoros
131:History
4603:Collet
4560:Shaper
4550:Reamer
4545:Planer
4495:Facing
4460:Boring
4254:G-code
3991:Coupon
3940:Letter
3892:Napkin
3816:Carton
3658:Hewing
3397:Splice
3352:Halved
3347:Groove
3342:Finger
3322:Coping
3307:Bridle
3284:Joints
3165:Planes
3150:Veneer
3140:Scroll
3135:Ripsaw
3120:Jigsaw
3095:Coping
2994:Clamps
2921:Square
2911:Shaper
2906:Router
2886:Mallet
2861:Gimlet
2836:Chisel
2732:Willow
2722:Walnut
2712:Totara
2702:Sapele
2667:Poplar
2652:Padauk
2614:Merbau
2586:Jarrah
2571:Imbuia
2566:Idigbo
2531:Cumaru
2516:Cherry
2441:Anigre
2403:Spruce
2356:Cedrus
2223:Khatam
2178:Caning
2141:lumber
2060:Mining
2030:Garden
1839:Reamer
1724:Grater
1659:Chisel
1644:Broach
1541:
1488:
1357:
1300:
1252:
1227:
1170:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1023:
883:Shapes
824:
817:
810:
803:
795:
732:Crocus
726:tarmac
711:harder
684:polish
533:Garnet
365:sander
328:cotton
214:London
193:skin (
125:gluing
88:or as
4679:Swarf
4598:Chuck
4292:Drill
4108:Other
4036:Media
3794:Paper
3536:Paint
3445:Ovolo
3440:Ogive
3425:Bevel
3392:Scarf
3377:Miter
3145:Table
3130:Miter
3105:Frame
3022:Gripe
2938:Speed
2934:Miter
2866:Gauge
2856:Float
2851:Fence
2846:Drill
2804:Tools
2727:Wenge
2717:Utile
2682:Ramin
2637:Maple
2609:Lovoa
2581:Iroko
2551:Hazel
2536:Ebony
2481:Birch
2471:Beech
2466:Balsa
2456:Aspen
2451:Apple
2431:Alder
2388:Kauri
2383:Larch
2345:Cedar
2328:Woods
2303:Treen
2065:Power
1956:Snips
1939:Paint
1829:Razor
1809:Plane
1744:Laser
1739:Knife
1634:Blade
1614:tools
1057:JSTOR
1043:books
829:JSTOR
815:books
754:Bonds
695:sized
639:cloth
635:emery
621:Emery
611:wenge
609:, or
607:pecan
543:Emery
527:Flint
521:Glass
471:paper
373:drill
336:rayon
191:Shark
177:China
121:paint
98:cloth
94:paper
4239:2.5D
4125:Form
4043:Book
3435:Ogee
3420:Bead
3362:Knee
3332:Dado
3312:Butt
3052:Saws
2964:Vise
2901:Rasp
2826:Adze
2707:Teak
2662:Plum
2657:Pear
2418:Hard
2398:Rimu
2393:Pine
2337:Soft
2137:Wood
2035:Hand
1934:Hand
1929:Card
1824:Rasp
1714:Froe
1709:File
1624:Adze
1610:and
1539:ISBN
1517:2020
1486:ISBN
1355:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1225:ISSN
1198:2019
1168:ISSN
1029:news
906:any
904:cite
801:news
674:and
596:soap
509:and
481:(sub
402:any
400:cite
271:any
269:cite
222:frit
181:sand
115:and
4618:Jig
4276:and
4249:CAM
4244:CAD
4022:Mat
3811:Box
3561:Wax
3531:Oil
3367:Lap
3302:Box
3070:Bow
2942:Try
2821:Axe
2775:OSB
2770:MDF
2647:Oak
2576:Ipê
2541:Elm
2446:Ash
2408:Yew
2373:Fir
1849:Saw
1629:Axe
1221:180
1164:211
1012:by
917:by
872:or
784:by
413:by
367:or
338:),
282:by
96:or
4773::
2940:,
2936:,
2932:,
2928:,
2627:,
2353:,
1508:.
1459:.
1435:.
1378:.
1325:.
1306:.
1258:.
1219:,
1215:,
1189:.
1162:,
1158:,
686:.
678:.
670:,
605:,
513:.
505:,
334:,
330:,
234:3M
187:.
4212:e
4205:t
4198:v
4174:e
4167:t
4160:v
3786:e
3779:t
3772:v
2945:)
2923:(
2633:)
2621:(
2359:)
2347:(
2143:)
2139:(
2105:e
2098:t
2091:v
1600:e
1593:t
1586:v
1519:.
1494:.
1469:.
1445:.
1421:.
1396:.
1363:.
1336:.
1232:.
1200:.
1175:.
1079:)
1073:(
1068:)
1064:(
1054:·
1047:·
1040:·
1033:·
1006:.
964:.
944:)
938:(
933:)
929:(
925:.
911:.
851:)
845:(
840:)
836:(
826:·
819:·
812:·
805:·
778:.
539:.
440:)
434:(
429:)
425:(
421:.
407:.
309:)
303:(
298:)
294:(
290:.
276:.
166:)
162:(
152:.
64:)
60:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
