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columns and pilasters in the
Anteroom at Syon House are made out of marble not scagliola as it is widely perceived (a beautiful and rare, predominantly green marble that was quarried in Larissa of Greece since antiquity). These columns are not solid. Round sections of marble were painstakingly cut as
76:
and natural pigments, imitating marble and other hard stones. The material may be veined with colors and applied to a core, or desired pattern may be carved into a previously prepared scagliola matrix. The pattern's indentations are then filled with the colored, plaster-like scagliola composite, and
303:
You bid me get you two scagliola tables, but don't mention the size or any other particulars. The man who made yours is no longer in
Florence. Here is a scholar of his , but vastly inferior to him, and so slow in working that he has been almost three years about a pair for a Mr Leson , and requires
321:
The great triumph of the saloon, however, is the use of scagliola, including the richly coloured and figured Sienna shafts of the eight fluted
Corinthian columns...and the urns, entablature and balustrade to the second-floor landing which gives access to four plaster-vaulted ante rooms serving the
294:
Your scagliola table is finished, though I have not got it home. The nasty priest will have 25 zecchins besides many thanks, for the preference given to me, for some simple
English have been tampering with him and offered 30 to get it, though it is by no means such a fine performance. The priest
312:
I am glad your scagliola tables please. You must make the greater account of them, as it is impossible to get any more of the same man , nor indeed of his disciple here , who is a priest too, and has been four years about a pair I bespoke of him, which he tells me plainly he cannot finish in less
430:
material and an inexpensive alternative to natural stone. However, it has eventually come to be recognised as an exceptional example of the plasterer's craft and is now prized for its historic value as well as being used in new construction because of its benefits as a plastic material suited to
248:
remarked that scagliola had been popular in Dublin fifty years before. This would explain one at 86, Stephen's Green, clearly an 18th. Century chimneypiece, which has been later embellished in the mid 19th. Century for
Crofton Vanderleur, formerly at 4, Parnell Square. A later firm, Sharpe &
236:
In 1766 he went into partnership with
Johannes Richter, possibly from Dresden, who may have brought a young Pietro Bossi with him. The name Bossi is associated with a family of Northern Italian scagliolisti. Bartoli supplied table tops to Ireland and one chimneypiece at Belvedere House in Dublin
178:
It is typically used without the addition of animal glues. Marezzo scagliola is often called
American scagliola because of its widespread use in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Slabs of Marezzo scagliola may be used as table tops. When set, scagliola is hard
174:
or hide glue. 'Marezzo scagliola' is worked with the pigmented batches of plaster in a liquid state and relies mainly on the use of Keene's cement, a unique gypsum plaster product in which plaster of Paris was steeped in alum or borate, then burned in a kiln and ground to a fine powder; invented
232:
In 1761, a scagliolista, Domenico
Bartoli, from Livorno arrived in London and was employed by William Constable of Burton Constable in Yorkshire. Here he produced two chimneypieces in white marble inlaid with the scagliola embellishments directly into cut matrices in the marble. Apart from the
276:
Your scagliola table was near finished when behold the stone on which the stuff is put, opened of itself so that all that was done, to his great mortification is spoilt. He would have been off for beginning again on account of his eyes etc., but I have begged he will do it and he is about
240:
Pietro Bossi arrived in Dublin in 1784 and probably died there in 1798. He produced a number of chimneypieces in Dublin of very good quality. Scagliola inlay proved to be desirable in
Ireland and there appears to be a continuation long after it became unfashionable in England.
446:
On closer inspection the viewer can see the joints of the various sections. The discerning eye will soon realise that they are looking at verd antique veneered marble and not verd antique scagliola. The 3.6 metre high verd antique scagliola columns that can be seen at
260:
describes the process of obtaining a prized scagliola table top. Having received his first top from the
Irishman Friar Ferdinando Henrico Hugford (1695–1771) around 1740 Walpole had asked his friend Mann to acquire some more... (one of these tables is at
434:
Scagliola columns are not generally built of the solid material. Instead scagliola is trowelled onto a canvas which is wrapped around the column's core, and the canvas peeled away when semi-hardened. The scagliola is then surfaced in place.
615:
EwaGlos. European Illustrated Glossary Of Conservation Terms For Wall Paintings And Architectural Surfaces. English Definitions with translations into Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish and
611:
Weyer, Angela; Roig Picazo, Pilar; Pop, Daniel; Cassar, JoAnn; Özköse, Aysun; Jean-Marc, Vallet; Srša, Ivan (Ed.) (2015). Weyer, Angela; Roig Picazo, Pilar; Pop, Daniel; Cassar, JoAnn; Özköse, Aysun; Vallet, Jean-Marc; Srša, Ivan (eds.).
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still six months more. I will endeavour to get somebody to write to the first friar and to engage him to make two tables in his convent and send them to Florence, of which I hope to be able to give you an account by next post.
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Your scagliola table is almost finished (you remember the first he undertook broke when near done) and is very handsome, but even in this commission my success is not complete, for I cannot persuade the padre to make its
451:, Buckinghamshire, are based on the colours and design of this historical work at Syon House. Both research and execution of these new columns were undertaken recently by the contemporary scagliolist Michael Koumbouzis.
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229:, Surrey, which was brought from Italy along with the window sill in the reign of Charles II. This employs the use of a scagliola background which was then cut into to lay in the design.
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for brightness, and wax for protection. The combination of materials and technique provides a complex texture, and richness of color not available in natural veined marbles.
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and his first wife Catherine Shorter, who died 20 August 1737. He married Maria Skerret in early 1738, thus The Vyne's table could seem have been ordered before c1736-37).
155:
was sometimes used for this purpose. Because the colours are integral to the plaster, the pattern is more resistant to scratching than with other techniques, such as
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a veneer of an approximate thickness of 5–6 mm and then glued onto a column core that is hollow and was probably made out of plaster.
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265:. That table has the arms of Walpole (with his post 1726 Garter Knight embellishments) impaling Shorter - for Prime Minister Sir
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Emery, Pearce St., Dublin produce a number of examples in the neo-classical Bossi style, sometimes using original chimneypieces.
136:
on several layers of translucent renders and randomly cutting back to a previous layer to achieve colour differential similar to
237:
could be attributed to Richter. Their styles are very different. There is little evidence that either of them came to Ireland.
53:. The scagliola technique came into fashion in 17th-century Tuscany as an effective substitute for costly marble inlays, the
45:. The same term identifies the technique for producing columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements that resemble
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790:
743:
Staehli, Alfred M. (1984). "Scagliola: Restoration of an Antique Plaster Finish in the Portland City Hall, Oregon".
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Prudon, Theodore H. M. (1989). "Simulating Stone, 1860–1940: Artificial Marble, Artificial Stone, and Cast Stone".
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main bedrooms. All this scagliola was produced by Richard Feroze, England's leading contemporary scagliola-maker.
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are worked to a stiff, dough-like consistency. The plaster is modified with the addition of animal glues such as
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are applied to molds, armatures and pre-plastered wall planes in a manner that accurately mimics natural stone,
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scagliola was popular in the 19th and 20th centuries. Important US buildings featuring scagliola include the
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wishes I would not take it, as he would make a present of it to the Pope. He leaves Florence for good
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There are two scagliola techniques: in traditional 'Bavarian scagliola' coloured batches of
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in St. Louis, Missouri, prominently features scagliola in its magnificent Grand Hall, the
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until the 19th century. Superb altar frontals using this technique are to be found at the
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protective edges of altars at Padula this seems to be the first use of this technique.
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in Helena, MT, Congregation Shearith Israel in New York City, Milwaukee Public Library
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smooth, then buffed with a linen cloth impregnated with Tripoli (a siliceous
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and marble. In one technique, veining is created by drawing strands of raw
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John E. Ruch, "Regency Coade: A Study of the Coade Record Books, 1813–21"
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extended their practice to include scagliola; their scagliola was used by
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saturated in pigment through the plaster mix. Another technique involves
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Patrick Pilkington: The Chimneypiece in Ireland in the 18th. Century,
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is a synonym, but scagliola and terrazzo should not be confused with
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Italian plasterworkers produced scagliola columns and pilasters for
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Donald Cameron, Scagliola Inlay Work: the problems of attribution,
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421:, French Lick, IN which recently underwent a major restoration.
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Practical building conservation. Mortars, plasters and renders
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Scagliola altar in the Cappella di Sant'Aquilino, Milan, Italy
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than two more. They work for diversion and won't be hurried.
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In a letter dated 26 November 1741 Mann writes to Walpole:
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buildings in the 17th century, and was imitated throughout
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An early use of scagliola in England is in a fireplace at
401:, and in the Navarro County Courthouse in Corsicana, TX.
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Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
151:) and charcoal; finally it was buffed with oiled felt;
642:. Farnham/Burlington: Ashgate Publishing. p. 607.
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around 1840, it sets to an exceptionally hard state.
23:
Italian scagliola top, second half of the 18th century
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architecture, scagliola decoration became popular in
65:. The use of scagliola declined in the 20th century.
37:, meaning "chips") is a type of fine plaster used in
338:(notably the pilasters in the Saloon). In 1816 the
203:While there is evidence of scagliola decoration in
424:Scagliola has historically been considered an
179:enough to be turned on a lathe to form vases,
334:(notably the columns in the Anteroom) and at
68:Scagliola is a composite substance made from
8:
317:In modern times—Tusmore House, Oxfordshire:
120:Batches of pigmented plaster, modified with
638:Henry, Alison; Stewart, John, eds. (2011).
619:. Petersberg: Michael Imhof. p. 116.
588:Ireland's Antiques & Period Properties
541:John Fleming, "The Hugfords of Florence",
581:The Journal of the Irish Georgian Society
550:The Journal of the Irish Georgian Society
18:
599:
458:
733:(1968, pp. 34–56, 106–107) pp. 35, 39.
590:, Vol. 5, no.2, 2008-9 pp. 78–82.
557:Scagliola. L'arte della pietra di luna
470:Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
7:
583:, Vol. VII, 2004, pp. 140 – 155
379:El Paso County Courthouse (Colorado)
548:Conor O'Neill, In Search of Bossi,
340:Coade Ornamental Stone Manufactory
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222:in the Campania, Southern Italy.
552:, Vol. I, 1998, pp. 146–175
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481:
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361:in Jackson, Mississippi (1903),
256:in Florence Sir Horace Mann and
244:In 1911, Herbert Cescinsky, in
143:When dry, the damp surface was
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658:www.thehistoryofscagliola.com
560:it:Bianco Bianchi (artigiano)
395:Shea's Performing Arts Center
252:The correspondence between
96:, which is one ingredient.
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431:molding in ornate shapes.
419:French Lick Resort Casino
417:in Milwaukee, WI and the
359:Mississippi State Capitol
84:A comparable material is
713:John Martin Robinson in
308:and on 10 October 1749:
290:and on 30 October 1742:
574:Fane-Stanhope scagliola
411:Cathedral of St. Helena
403:St. Louis Union Station
363:Allen County Courthouse
110:Allen County Courthouse
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195:Scagliola work at the
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57:works created for the
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728:Architectural History
407:Rialto Square Theatre
375:Newport, Rhode Island
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281:and on 15 July 1742:
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625:10.5165/hawk-hhg/233
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387:Kansas State Capitol
16:Type of fine plaster
717:, December 8, 2005.
490:St. Lorenz Basilica
367:Fort Wayne, Indiana
344:Benjamin Dean Wyatt
77:then polished with
811:Italian inventions
791:Building materials
555:A. M. Massinelli,
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118:
25:
494:Kempten im Allgäu
488:Scagliola in the
468:Scagliola in the
399:Buffalo, New York
246:English Furniture
220:Certosa di Padula
197:Certosa di Padula
108:Scagliola in the
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168:plaster of Paris
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267:Robert Walpole
258:Horace Walpole
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525:Marbleizing
520:Coade stone
328:Robert Adam
149:rottenstone
122:animal glue
116:Indiana USA
55:pietra dura
801:Plastering
780:Categories
663:2019-10-20
607:Scagliola.
536:References
350:, London.
332:Syon House
134:trowelling
114:Fort Wayne
30:(from the
496:, Germany
476:, Germany
385:, in the
286:companion
227:Ham House
181:balusters
172:isinglass
90:Marmorino
43:sculpture
28:Scagliola
654:"Home -"
514:See also
263:The Vyne
157:painting
86:terrazzo
79:flax oil
63:Florence
767:1494001
701:1504299
616:Turkish
455:Gallery
353:In the
212:Baroque
209:Italian
199:, Italy
187:History
153:beeswax
145:pumiced
126:breccia
35:scaglia
32:Italian
765:
699:
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427:Ersatz
216:Europe
138:jasper
100:Method
51:marble
47:inlays
763:JSTOR
697:JSTOR
595:Notes
472:near
393:, in
609:In:
564:ISBN
438:The
161:wood
130:silk
74:glue
41:and
755:doi
689:doi
621:doi
492:in
397:in
389:in
381:in
373:in
365:in
346:at
330:at
159:on
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61:in
49:in
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