378:, experience significantly more first-rank symptoms than patients with schizophrenia though patients with DID lack the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and normally do not mistake hallucinations for reality. Differentiating between dissociative identity disorder and psychotic disorders is not done by listing first-rank symptoms as these conditions have a considerable overlap yet a different overall clinical picture and treatment approach.
239:, was noted as one of the first applications of phenomenological philosophy to psychiatry. His most historically significant publication, "Clinical Psychopathology" was originally published in 1946, but it was later titled "Beiträge zur Psychiatrie". In its third edition, it was titled "Klinische Psychopathologie", before its final edition, which was translated into English as "Clinical Psychopathology".
462:
called 'amoral' psychopaths. It has been described as remarkable that
Schneider criticized Kraepelin and others for basing their personality diagnoses on moral judgments, yet appeared to do so himself. For example, Schneider admitted that the 'suffering of society' was a 'totally subjective' and
441:
in the DSM-V and ICD-11. Nevertheless, Schneider is considered to not exactly have succeeded in his attempted and claimed production of a value-free non-judgmental diagnostic system. In fact, Schneider's mixing of the medical and the moral has been described as the most noteworthy aspect of this
234:
Schneider also wrote and published many books and articles; his first book on psychopathic personalities in 1923 ran to nine editions and discussed the psychological differences between two sorts of depressive conditions – melancholic and reactive. Schneider’s publication, “First Rank
Symptoms,”
405:
Schneider sought to put psychopathy diagnoses on a morally neutral and scientific footing. He defined abnormal personality as a statistical deviation from the norm, vaguely conceptualised. He thought very creative or intelligent people had abnormal personalities by definition, but defined the
235:
remains one of his most notable contributions to the field of psychiatry and outlined the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Even though he published “First Rank
Symptoms” in 1939, the work remained unnoticed until much later, primarily due to the Second World War. His paper,
467:’ criterion for defining psychopathic personalities, but said that in 'scientific studies' this could be avoided by operating by the broader statistical category of abnormal personalities, which he believed were always congenital and therefore largely hereditary. The attempt to
421:
Schneider's unsystematic typology was based on his clinical views. He proposed 10 psychopathic personalities: those showing abnormal mood/activity; the insecure sensitive and insecure anankastic (drifting, feckless); fanatics; self-assertive; emotionally unstable; explosive;
171:
in philosophy. Scheler served as
Schneider’s supervisor for his postgraduate degree in philosophy in 1921. Schneider applied Scheler’s theory of emotions to his studies and this theory was the topic of his first major publications.
370:
The reliability of using first-rank symptoms for the diagnosis of schizophrenia has since been questioned, although the terms might still be used descriptively by mental health professionals who do not use them as diagnostic aids.
1015:
406:
psychopathic personality as those who suffered from their abnormal personality or caused suffering to society because of it. He did not see these as mental illnesses as such - thus adding to a divide, contrary to
402:. He published the influential 'The Psychopathic Personalities' in 1923. This was based in part on his earlier 1921 work 'The Personality and Fate of Registered Prostitutes' where he outlined 12 character types.
363:: beliefs arising suddenly ‘out of a clear blue sky’ from a normal perception which would seem commonplace and unrelated to others but which nevertheless generates an unshakable delusional conviction.
356:
The experience that actions, sensations, bodily movements, emotions or thought processes are generated by an outside agency that takes over the will of the subject (passivity experiences).
247:
Schneider was concerned with improving the method of diagnosis in psychiatry. He contributed to diagnostic procedures and the definition of disorders in the following areas of psychiatry:
163:; however, his training was interrupted by the first World War, in which he served on the Western Front. When his post-war career began, Schneider was influenced and mentored by
1054:
1215:
1180:
1195:
1205:
1175:
936:(2011. Note that delusional perception is NOT another term for primary delusions, as previously stated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 25.
1225:
488:
1230:
1088:
285:, Schneider particularly championed diagnoses based on the form, rather than the content of a sign or symptom. For example, he argued that a
349:
The experience of being deprived of thought as a result of the removal of the subject's thoughts from the mind by some person or influence (
342:
The experience that the subject's thinking is no longer confined within their own mind but is shared by or is accessible to other people (
437:
Schneider's work in this respect is said to have influenced all future descriptive typologies, including the current classifications of
206:
policies were appointed to serve in, and rebuild
Germany's medical institutions. Schneider was appointed Dean of the Medical School at
1220:
176:
941:
335:
The experience of intrusion of unusual ideas or thoughts into the subject's mind as a result of the action of some external agency (
1185:
1210:
399:
38:
1200:
663:
Janzarik, Werner; Viviani, R.; Berrios, G.E. (June 1998). "Jaspers, Kurt
Schneider and the Heidelberg school of psychiatry".
612:
Cutting, John; Mouratidou, Maria; Fuchs, Thomas; Owen, Gareth (September 2016). "Max
Scheler's influence on Kurt Schneider".
561:
Cutting, John; Mouratidou, Maria; Fuchs, Thomas; Owen, Gareth (September 2016). "Max
Scheler's influence on Kurt Schneider".
510:
Cutting, John; Mouratidou, Maria; Fuchs, Thomas; Owen, Gareth (September 2016). "Max
Scheler's influence on Kurt Schneider".
375:
1014:
Spiegel, D.; Loewenstein, R. J.; Lewis-Fernández, R.; Sar, V.; Simeon, D.; Vermetten, E.; Cardeña, E.; Dell, P. F. (2011).
1190:
431:
96:
725:
Janzarik, Werner; Viviani, R.; Berrios, G.E. (1998). "Jaspers, Kurt
Schneider and the Heidelberg school of psychiatry".
300:, by listing the psychotic symptoms that are particularly characteristic of schizophrenia. These have become known as
1130:
Henning Sass & Alan Felthous (2008) Chapter 1: History and Conceptual Development of Psychopathic Disorders in
168:
1131:
451:
100:
73:
324:
Auditory hallucinations discussing the subject or arguing about them and referring to them in the third person.
276:
395:
957:
315:
438:
257:
207:
140:
971:
Bertelsen A (2002). "Schizophrenia and related disorders: experience with current diagnostic systems".
321:
Auditory hallucinations taking the form of a voice or voices repeating the subject's thoughts out loud.
1170:
1165:
1076:
391:
343:
263:
1071:
Cardena E, Gleaves DH (2007). "Dissociative Disorders". In Hersen M, Turner SM, Beidel DC (eds.).
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996:
899:
758:
696:
645:
594:
543:
350:
829:"Psychiatry's contribution to the public stereotype of schizophrenia: Historical considerations"
778:"Psychiatry's contribution to the public stereotype of schizophrenia: Historical considerations"
366:
Delusional perception - the belief that a normal perception has special significance or meaning.
289:
should not be diagnosed by the content of the belief, but by the way in which a belief is held.
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Auditory hallucinations taking the form of a commentary on the subject's thoughts or behavior.
132:
195:, Schneider left the institute, but did serve as a doctor for the German armed forces during
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980:
891:
850:
840:
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789:
734:
672:
621:
570:
519:
1143:
443:
930:
Johnstone, E.C.; Humphreys, M.S.; Lang, F.H.; Lawrie, S.M.; Sandler, R. (21 July 2011).
855:
828:
804:
777:
447:
261:, derived from Emil Kraepelin's use of the adjective to mean biological in origin, and
184:
31:
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903:
459:
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136:
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762:
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415:
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196:
144:
128:
423:
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Auditory hallucinations discussing the patient's thoughts as or before they occur.
1147:
931:
455:
387:
164:
738:
676:
471:
the problem of value judgments has been described as 'clearly unsatisfactory'.
880:"Die Schichtung des emotionalen Lebens und der Aufbau der Depressionszustände"
223:
192:
156:
69:
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684:
633:
625:
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574:
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523:
458:
it lived on in Schneider's 'gemütlos' (compassionless) psychopaths, or what
411:
360:
297:
17:
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1042:
992:
864:
813:
754:
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641:
590:
539:
237:
The Stratification of Emotional Life and the Structure of Depressive States
468:
427:
286:
188:
895:
160:
159:, Kingdom of Württemberg in 1887. He began his psychiatric training in
984:
845:
794:
714:
The Mind-body Problem Explained: The Biocognitive Model for Psychiatry
1034:
489:"Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained A Challenge"
180:
879:
1148:
Inventing the criminal: a history of German criminology, 1880-1945
1132:
International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law
386:
Schneider also played a key role in developing concepts of
167:, a philosophy professor and one of the co-founders of the
442:
work, which has been linked back to German reception of
202:
After the war, academics who had not taken part in the
884:
Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie
374:
Individuals with complex dissociative disorders, like
127:(7 January 1887 – 27 October 1967) was a German
454:) in to psychiatric terms as a 'moral defect'. After
114:
106:
92:
80:
55:
48:
187:. Disgusted by the developing tide of psychiatric
210:and remained there until his retirement in 1955.
933:Schizophrenia: Concepts and Clinical Management
446:'s theory of the 'born criminal', redefined by
267:, more usually seen in outpatients, in 1920.
8:
118:Diagnosis and understanding of schizophrenia
292:He was also concerned with differentiating
37:For other people named Kurt Schneider, see
958:"Delusional perception - Oxford Reference"
833:Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
782:Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
45:
1181:German military personnel of World War II
854:
844:
803:
793:
1196:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
1134:. Edited by Alan Felthous, Henning Sass
491:. Scientific American Mind (March 2013)
479:
1216:People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
410:for example, between those considered
920:. New York: Grune and Stratton. 1959.
177:German Psychiatric Research Institute
131:known largely for his writing on the
7:
1206:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1176:German Army personnel of World War I
1073:Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis
394:or particularly the connotation of
175:In 1931 he became director of the
25:
1016:"Dissociative disorders in DSM-5"
827:Katschnig, Heinz (October 2018).
776:Katschnig, Heinz (October 2018).
390:, used in a broad sense to mean
304:or simply, first-rank symptoms.
302:Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms
400:antisocial personality disorder
214:Heidelberg School of Psychiatry
39:Kurt Schneider (disambiguation)
1231:Max Planck Institute directors
376:dissociative identity disorder
1:
1226:University of Tübingen alumni
97:Humboldt University of Berlin
255:Schneider coined the terms
243:Contributions to psychiatry
1247:
1106:Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi
739:10.1177/0957154x9800903406
677:10.1177/0957154X9800903406
382:Psychopathic personalities
274:
36:
29:
1221:Schizophrenia researchers
1104:Shibayama, M (2011). "".
277:Timeline of schizophrenia
169:phenomenological movement
918:Clinical Psychopathology
878:Schneider, Kurt (1920).
626:10.1177/0957154X16649304
575:10.1177/0957154X16649304
524:10.1177/0957154X16649304
30:Not to be confused with
1186:German military doctors
316:Auditory hallucinations
183:, which was founded by
1211:People from Crailsheim
1023:Depression and Anxiety
226:school of psychiatry.
155:Schneider was born in
101:University of Tübingen
74:Kingdom of Württemberg
1201:History of psychiatry
1077:John Wiley & Sons
727:History of Psychiatry
665:History of Psychiatry
614:History of Psychiatry
563:History of Psychiatry
512:History of Psychiatry
450:and others (see also
439:personality disorders
414:and those considered
396:Gemütlose psychopathy
258:endogenous depression
208:Heidelberg University
141:personality disorders
135:and understanding of
1191:German psychiatrists
392:personality disorder
344:thought broadcasting
296:from other forms of
308:First-rank symptoms
264:reactive depression
27:German psychologist
896:10.1007/BF02901090
351:thought withdrawal
191:championed by the
1090:978-0-471-74584-6
985:10.1159/000065125
846:10.1111/jep.13011
795:10.1111/jep.13011
337:thought insertion
122:
121:
16:(Redirected from
1238:
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1150:pg 148 & 297
1141:
1135:
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1101:
1095:
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1068:
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1053:. Archived from
1035:10.1002/da.20874
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1004:
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948:
947:
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839:(5): 1093–1100.
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788:(5): 1093–1100.
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733:(34): 241–252.
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444:Cesare Lombroso
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147:personalities.
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93:Alma mater
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84:27 October 1967
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1136:
1123:
1096:
1089:
1063:
1060:on 1 May 2013.
1029:(9): 824–852.
1006:
979:(2–3): 89–93.
963:
949:
942:
922:
916:Schneider, K.
909:
870:
819:
768:
717:
706:
655:
620:(3): 336–344.
604:
569:(3): 336–344.
553:
518:(3): 336–344.
502:
487:Yuhas, Daisy.
478:
476:
473:
448:Emil Kraepelin
383:
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251:Mood disorders
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218:Schneider and
215:
212:
185:Emil Kraepelin
152:
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143:then known as
125:Kurt Schneider
120:
119:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
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94:
90:
89:
88:(aged 80)
82:
78:
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68:
66:7 January 1887
57:
53:
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50:Kurt Schneider
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32:Carl Schneider
26:
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1115:
1112:(9): 906–11.
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460:Karl Birnbaum
457:
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408:Eugen Bleuler
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294:schizophrenia
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271:Schizophrenia
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204:Nazi eugenics
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139:, as well as
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137:schizophrenia
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1055:the original
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493:. Retrieved
482:
465:teleological
436:
420:
416:psychopathic
404:
385:
373:
369:
311:
301:
291:
283:Karl Jaspers
280:
262:
256:
254:
246:
236:
233:
230:Publications
222:founded the
220:Karl Jaspers
217:
201:
197:World War II
174:
154:
145:psychopathic
129:psychiatrist
124:
123:
110:Psychiatrist
86:(1967-10-27)
43:
18:Schneiderian
1171:1967 deaths
1166:1887 births
1079:. pp.
456:World War I
388:psychopathy
165:Max Scheler
1160:Categories
890:: 281–86.
475:References
275:See also:
224:Heidelberg
193:Nazi Party
157:Crailsheim
107:Occupation
70:Crailsheim
62:1887-01-07
904:143498731
747:0957-154X
685:0957-154X
634:0957-154X
583:0957-154X
532:0957-154X
424:Gemütlose
412:psychotic
361:delusions
298:psychosis
151:Biography
133:diagnosis
1118:22117396
1051:46518635
1043:21910187
1001:41076230
993:12145490
865:30112785
814:30112785
763:35423791
755:11620106
701:35423791
693:11620106
650:30866217
642:27194114
599:30866217
591:27194114
548:30866217
540:27194114
432:asthenic
428:Haltlose
359:Primary
287:delusion
189:eugenics
1146:(2000)
1081:473–503
856:6174929
805:6174929
495:2 March
469:finesse
161:Cologne
1116:
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181:Munich
1058:(PDF)
1047:S2CID
1019:(PDF)
997:S2CID
900:S2CID
759:S2CID
697:S2CID
646:S2CID
595:S2CID
544:S2CID
398:with
281:Like
1114:PMID
1085:ISBN
1039:PMID
989:PMID
938:ISBN
861:PMID
810:PMID
751:PMID
743:ISSN
689:PMID
681:ISSN
638:PMID
630:ISSN
587:PMID
579:ISSN
536:PMID
528:ISSN
497:2013
452:Koch
430:and
81:Died
56:Born
1110:113
1031:doi
981:doi
892:doi
851:PMC
841:doi
800:PMC
790:doi
735:doi
673:doi
622:doi
571:doi
520:doi
179:in
1162::
1108:.
1083:.
1075:.
1045:.
1037:.
1027:28
1025:.
1021:.
995:.
987:.
977:35
975:.
898:.
888:59
886:.
882:.
859:.
849:.
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835:.
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798:.
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784:.
780:.
757:.
749:.
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729:.
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636:.
628:.
618:27
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542:.
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526:.
516:27
514:.
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