470:, which lasted from 1947 to 1948. Though the charismatic and brilliant union spokesman, Ibrahima Bakayoko, is the most central figure, the novel has no true hero except the community itself. The people band together in the face of hardship and oppression to assert their rights. Accordingly, the novel features nearly fifty characters in both Senegal and neighboring
2686:
Crossing the geographical and national borders of his native
Senegal, Ousmane Sembene's literary and cinematographic output places him today as the "father" of African films and as one of the most prolific "French-speaking" African writers in this first century of "creative" writing in francophone
831:(FEPACI), described Sembène as "a luminary that lit the torch for ordinary people to walk the path of light...a voice that spoke without hesitation, a man with an impeccable talent who unwaveringly held on to his artistic principles and did that with great integrity and dignity."
638:
As an author concerned with social change, Sembène wished to touch a wide audience. He realized that his written works would reach only the cultural elites, but that films were "the people's night school" and could reach a much broader
African audience.
551:), Sembène's emphasis began to shift. Just as he had once attacked the racial and economic oppression conducted by the French colonial government, with these works, he turned his attention to the corrupt African elites who followed during independence.
823:
Ousmane Sembène died on 9 June 2007, at the age of 84. He had been ill since
December 2006, and died at his home in Dakar, Senegal, where he was buried in a shroud adorned with Quranic verses. Sembène was survived by three sons from two marriages.
838:, Minister of Arts and Culture, went further in eulogizing Sembène as "a well rounded intellectual and an exceptionally cultured humanist...an informed social critic provided the world with an alternative knowledge of Africa."
1743:
430:
with a new white wife and ideas for modernizing the area's agricultural practices. Oumar struggles against both the French colonial government and the village social order, and he is eventually murdered.
414:
mode, as was much of his subsequent fiction. His debut marked the beginning of Sembène's literary reputation. The success of this novel provided enough financial return so that he could continue writing.
622:. Samba Gadjigo notes that his influence reached audiences beyond Africa, "Of Sembène's ten published literary works, seven have been translated into English". By contrast, the Nigerian pioneer writers
2856:
I interviewed Sembène
Ousmane on July 25, 2006. We were supposed to meet again to continue the discussion and talk about other elements of his Cinema but he passed away at the beginning of June 2007.
385:. Diaw writes a novel, which is later stolen by a white woman and published under her name. When he confronts her, he accidentally kills her. He is tried and executed in scenes highly reminiscent of
589:. Only after losing most of his money and reputation does he discover he was cursed by the beggar who lives outside his offices, whom he had wronged in the course of acquiring his fortune.
709:, ostensibly for a problem with Sembène's paperwork, though some critics suggest that this censorship had more to do with the government's interpretation of what could be considered
660:, based on one of his own short stories; it was the first feature film ever released by a sub-Saharan African director. Though only 60 minutes long, the French-language film won the
1751:
281:
boys, and a French school until 1936, when he clashed with the principal. Sembène worked with his father—he was prone to seasickness—until 1938. At the age of fifteen, he moved to
402:
Though Sembène focuses particularly on the mistreatment of
African immigrants, he also details the oppression of Arab and Spanish workers. He demonstrates that the issues concern
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258:), Sembène did not take his responsibility as cult servant seriously and was known for drinking the offerings made to the ancestors. Some of his adult work draws on
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Sembène resisted this action by distributing fliers at theaters describing the censored scenes, and he released the film uncut for the international market.
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581:(1973), the story of El Hadji Abdou Kader Beye, a rich businessman. On the very night of his wedding to his beautiful, young third wife, El Hadji suffers
1863:"The influence of feminist communication in creating social transformation: an analysis of the films Moolaade (Ousmane Sembene) and Water (Deepa Mehta)"
2452:
2903:
In this rich documentary, legendary
Senegalese filmmaker Ousmane Sembène reminisces about his career and discusses the craft of his films and novels.
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664:, bringing immediate international attention to both African film generally and Sembène specifically. Sembène followed this success with the 1968
599:, 1981), Sembène's last novel, depicts corruption and an eventual military coup in a newly independent African nation. His paired 1987 novellas
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2762:"Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal"
2505:"Ousmane Sembène. Réalisateur/trice, Ecrivain/ne, Acteur/trice, Producteur/trice, Scénariste, Personne concernée. Sénégal"
2863:"Ousmane Sembène. The Making of a Militant Artist. Samba Gadjigo. Translated by Moustapha Diop. Foreword by Danny Glover"
2037:
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Culture is political, but it's another type of politics. In art, you are political, but you say, 'We are' and not 'I am.'
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Senegalese filmmaker
Ousmane Sembene on his distinguished and prolific career, as well as his latest film: Moolaadé.
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Sembène taught himself to read and write in French. He drew on many of his life experiences in his debut novel,
192:
considered him one of the greatest authors of Africa and he has often been called the "father of
African film".
1744:"Caméras d'Afrique: Elvis Mitchell On West African Cinema and The Need for Diverse Film Criticism (Interview)"
1607:
Adeniyi, Idowu
Emmanuel (2019). "Male Other, Female Self and Post-feminist Consciousness in Sembène Ousmane's
2460:
2029:
Gadjigo, Samba, "Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a
Militant Artist", Indiana University Press, (2010), p 16,
619:
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As far as I am concerned, I no longer support notions of purity. Purity has become a thing of the past. . .
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1976:
733:, where it won a Silver Prize. It was banned by governments throughout French West Africa. His 1975 film
426:, 1957), tells the story of Oumarf. He is an ambitious black Senegalese farmer who returns to his native
3287:
3252:
2146:
Samba Gadjigo "OUSMANE SEMBENE: THE LIFE OF A REVOLUTIONARY ARTIST" California Newsreel, San Francisco
435:
was an international success, and Sembène received invitations from around the world, particularly from
262:. His maternal grandmother reared him and greatly influenced him. Women play a major role in his works.
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Article paru dans l'hebdomadaire sénégalais, Weekend, l'hebdo du Quotidien, Semaine du 2 au 8 aout 2007
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3004:(in French). africultures. Les mondes en relation. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007
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1977:"Le cinéma de Sembène Ousmane, une (double) contre-ethnographie : (Notes pour une recherche)"
800:. The film, set in a small African village in Burkina Faso, explored the controversial subject of
2745:
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Ceddo (1977), with English and French Subtitles (**enable Closed Caption for English subtitles**)
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2531:"Ousmane Sembène Film director, Writer, Actor, Producer, Screenwriter, Person concerned"
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Gadjigo, Samba; Faulkingham, Ralph H.; Cassirer, Thomas; Sander, Reinhard, eds. (1993).
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3032:"LE PÈRE DU CINÉMA AFRICAIN. Ousmane Sembène, le Dakarois en perpétuelle révolte"
764:
in 1979, he was awarded with the Honorable Prize for the contribution to cinema.
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Duration 31 min 20 sec. Audio file of the interview on the Leonard Lopate show.
2432:
Callimachi, Rukmini "Father of African cinema buried in Senegal" 12 June 2007.
2101:
Harding, Jeremy (23 May 2024). ""I am only interested in women who struggle"".
1874:
Master thesis in Applied Media Studies, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University.
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503:, 1962). The collection contains short stories, tales, and fables, including "
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63:
27:
Senegalese film director, producer, screenwriter, actor and author (1923–2007)
2000:
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Littérature et cinéma en afrique francophone: Ousmane Sembène et Assia Djebar
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wrote their works in English, which eased their recognition beyond Nigeria.
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756:. In the same year Sembène was invitted to be a member of the jury at the
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1948:"Ousmane Sembene, 84; Senegalese hailed as 'the father of African film'"
325:
Late in 1947, Sembène stowed away to reach France, where he worked at a
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2893:. Lisbon, Portugal: Associação Maumaus - Centro de Contaminação Visual
2869:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 2010. Archived from
1992:
507:" which he would later adapt as his first film. In 1964, he released
278:
2537:. Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC). 2020
1794:
Niang, Sada; Gadjigo (Fall 1995). "Interview with Ousmane Sembene".
1660:"Ousmane Sembène: Interviews. Edited by Annett Busch and Max Annas"
466:. The novel is a fictional treatment of the railroad strike on the
460:, 1960); most critics consider it his masterpiece, rivaled only by
3167:
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607:) continue to explore social and moral collapse in urban Senegal.
565:
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341:, helping lead a strike to hinder the shipment of weapons for the
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2979:(in French). africultures. Les mondes en relation. Archived from
2952:"La leçon de cinéma d'Ousmane Sembène au festival de Cannes 2005"
3195:
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735:
679:
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3079:
2923:"Rencontre avec Sembène Ousmane, écrivain-cinéaste sénégalais"
618:, Sembène is considered one of the leading figures in African
1872:. South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS). p. 132.
771:, the failings of religion, the critique of the new African
521:
From 1962 to 1963, Sembène studied filmmaking for a year at
254:
demands offerings of curdled milk to the ancestral spirits (
2741:"Ousmane Sembène, 84, Dies; Led Cinema's Advance in Africa"
1666:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. Archived from
1385:
A Senegalese man has to cope with a money order from Paris
195:
He was often credited for his work in the French style as
2836:"Selected lines of the book "Ousmane Sembène Interviews""
2694:"Interview with Ousmane Sembène — father of African film"
1690:
Ousmane Sembène : dialogues with critics and writers
642:
In 1963, Sembène produced his first film, a short called
373:, written in French (1956, later published in English as
210:
of Matar Sène, Ousmane Sembène was particularly drawn to
182:; 1 January 1923 or 8 January 1923 – 9 June 2007), was a
98:
Film director, producer, screenwriter, actor & author
2613:. Video duration 1h:51m:41s. Uploader XMusicMusicX 2013.
1836:
The Cinema of Ousmane Sembene: A Pioneer of African Film
670:, achieving his dream of producing a film in his native
329:
factory in Paris. He went south to work on the docks at
2511:(in French). Africultures. Les mondes en relation. 2023
767:
Recurrent themes of Sembène's films are the history of
648:(The Wagoner). In 1964 he made another short, entitled
1717:
Ousmane Sembène : the making of a militant artist
2670:"Ousmane Sembene: the life of a revolutionary artist"
2050:"Ousmane Sembene: The Life of a Revolutionary Artist"
1880:
Ousmane Sembène cineaste: première période, 1962–1971
1769:
Imagining Alternatives in Film and Fiction – Sembene'
1539:
Religious and political satire on an erroneous burial
3038:(in French). Courier International. 15 December 2004
2719:"An Appraisal: A Filmmaker Who Found Africa's Voice"
2625:. Video duration 1h:29m:38s. Uploader Roomnart 2022.
1513:
French troops kill rebelling returned black soldiers
1406:
A young man makes a home for his pregnant girlfriend
250:, in which he was made "cult servant". Although the
3152:
3113:
2183:
Manu Dibango and Ceddo's "Transatlantic Soundscape"
1054:. Paris: Présence Africaine (Ligugé, impr. Aubin).
964:. Translated by Price, Francis. London: Heinemann.
156:
129:
121:
113:
102:
94:
77:
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1263:Also Oxford and Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann, 1992.
1186:. Translated by Adams, Adrian. London: Heinemann.
381:who faces racism and mistreatment on the docks at
273:, his mother tongue, followed his attendance at a
2768:(in French). Africultures. Les mondes en relation
3022:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2946:. One of the last interviews of Sembene Ousmane.
2700:. Socialist Worker. 11 June 2005. Archived from
2618:FILM GUELEWAR Ousmane Sembene 1992 (en Français)
2356:"11th Moscow International Film Festival (1979)"
2301:"10th Moscow International Film Festival (1977)"
1912:Ousmane Sembène: The Making of a Militant Artist
1184:The last of the Empire : a Senegalese novel
1073:. Translated by Wake, Clive. London: Heinemann.
719:In 1971, Sembène also made a film in French and
2271:"9th Moscow International Film Festival (1975)"
2241:"7th Moscow International Film Festival (1971)"
2156:
2154:
1206:"A key to Senegalese politics" – Werner Glinga.
1052:Vehi-Ciosane ou Blanche-Genèse, suivi du Mandat
942:Les bouts de bois de Dieu : Banty mam yall
815:he plays the letter writer at the post office.
3048:Ultimate source: International Herald Tribune.
2887:"Sembène: The Making of African Cinema (1994)"
1692:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
827:Seipati Bulane Hopa, Secretary General of the
654:. In 1966 he produced his first feature film,
554:He was among the contributors to the magazine
214:festivals. He especially was intrigued by the
3091:
2577:. New York: African Film Festival, Inc. (AFF)
1459:A corrupt politician is cursed with impotence
1362:A Senegalese girl becomes a servant in France
242:family. From childhood he was exposed to the
8:
2412:"The Uniqueness of Ousmane Sembene's Cinema"
2198:Busch, Annett, and Max Annas (eds), (2008).
1750:. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from
575:Sembène continued this theme with the novel
316:, on which he later based his seminal novel
246:through his mother's people, especially the
3268:Activists against female genital mutilation
292:In 1944, during World War II and after the
3098:
3084:
3076:
2204:. University Press of Mississippi, p. 135.
1838:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1489:Director and co-writer with Carrie Sembene
541:With the 1965 publication of the novellas
377:). This was the story of Diaw, an African
230:and his wife, Ousmane Sembène was born in
42:
31:
3283:French military personnel of World War II
2637:"Authors & Artists. Sembene, Ousmane"
2480:
2478:
1719:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
954:A later edition of the original of 1960.
450:Sembène's third and most famous novel is
2643:. Postcolonial Studies, Emory University
2485:Tributes to Ousmane Sembene: 1923 – 2007
1276:
265:Sembène's knowledge of French and basic
186:film director, producer and writer. The
2554:
2552:
1915:. Indiana University Press. p. 7.
1901:
1562:An unwed mother succeeds professionally
762:11th Moscow International Film Festival
758:27th Berlin International Film Festival
754:10th Moscow International Film Festival
677:His later Wolof-language films include
3015:
1486:, non-muslims) kidnap a black princess
898:. African writers. Oxford: Heinemann.
871:. African writers. London: Heinemann.
741:9th Moscow International Film Festival
731:7th Moscow International Film Festival
349:. During this time, he discovered the
2834:Amekudji, Anoumou (23 October 2009).
2022:
2020:
2018:
1636:. : University Press of Mississippi.
775:, and the strength of African women.
177:
7:
2676:. California Newsreel, San Francisco
2118:"The Rise and Significance of Lotus"
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1334:The scandal of a pregnant young girl
829:Pan African Federation of Filmmakers
2189:. Indiana University Press, p. 151.
2080:. University Press of Mississippi.
1311:First film made by a black African.
206:family through his mother from the
3136:The Money-Order with White Genesis
2996:Barlet, Olivier (15 August 2007).
2074:Busch, Annett; Annas, Max (2008).
1771:. Oxford: Africa World Press Inc.
1632:Busch, Annett; Annas, Max (2008).
1309:Portrait of a poor Senegalese man.
1070:The Money-Order with White Genesis
701:(1992). The Senegalese release of
544:Le mandat, précédé de Vehi-Ciosane
25:
2451:Macnab, Geoffrey (13 June 2007).
2217:. 2 February 1998. Archived from
2039:(Retrieved : 10 August 2012)
1621:Ibadan Journal of English Studies
778:His final film, the 2004 feature
549:The Money Order and White Genesis
2998:"Entretien avec Ousmane Sembène"
2971:Barlet, Olivier (11 June 2007).
2453:"Obituaries – 'Ousmane Sembene'"
1878:Vieyra, Paulin Soumanou (1972).
859:Also a new edition by publisher
683:(1975, based on his own novel),
525:, Moscow, under Soviet director
424:Oh country, my beautiful people!
2950:Barlet, Olivier (27 May 2005).
1796:Research in African Literatures
1742:Mumin, Nijla (4 October 2013).
1516:Co-director and co-writer with
357:and the Haitian Marxist writer
296:, Sembène was drafted into the
285:, where he worked a variety of
3278:French Communist Party members
2416:Contributions in Black Studies
2386:"Festival de Cannes: Moolaadé"
2215:"Ceddo Emitai Ousmane Sembene"
1004:Tribal scars and other stories
811:in his films. For example, in
1:
3053:"Cinéma > Ousmane SEMBENE"
2116:Firoze Manji (3 March 2014).
1882:. Paris: Présence Africaine.
1216:. Paris: Présence africaine.
1036:. Paris: Présence Africaine.
987:. Paris: Présence Africaine.
3298:People of French West Africa
2783:"Ousmane Sembene Interviews"
2739:Scott, A.O. (12 June 2007).
2717:Scott, A.O. (11 June 2007).
2181:Berridan, Brenda F. (2004),
1909:Samba Gadjigo (6 May 2010).
1861:Rubaba, Protas Pius (2009).
1102:. Paris: Présence africaine.
3059:(in French). Archived from
2954:(in French). Archived from
2929:(in French). Archived from
2781:Busch, Annett; Annas, Max.
2201:Ousmane Sembène: Interviews
2077:Ousmane Sembène: Interviews
944:. : Le Livre Contemporain.
3334:
2575:"Ousmane Sembène Director"
1634:Ousmane Sembène interviews
729:. It was entered into the
529:. Also studying there was
395:(1942, also translated as
3308:Senegalese film producers
3303:Senegalese film directors
3036:courrierinternational.com
2813:. New York Public Radio,
2490:24 September 2007 at the
2410:Francoise, Pfaff (1993).
1975:Jonassaint, Jean (2010).
1834:Pfaff, Françoise (1984).
1587:female genital mutilation
1274:Sembène's films include:
1239:Sembène, Ousmane (1991).
1212:Sembène, Ousmane (1987).
1182:Sembène, Ousmane (1983).
1155:Sembène, Ousmane (1981).
1124:Sembène, Ousmane (1980).
1107:Sembène, Ousmane (1976).
1098:Sembène, Ousmane (1973).
1067:Sembène, Ousmane (1987).
1050:Sembène, Ousmane (1965).
1032:Sembène, Ousmane (1964).
1001:Sembène, Ousmane (1974).
979:Sembène, Ousmane (1962).
958:Sembène, Ousmane (1995).
940:Sembène, Ousmane (1988).
923:Sembène, Ousmane (1957).
894:Sembène, Ousmane (1989).
867:Sembène, Ousmane (1987).
853:Sembène, Ousmane (1956).
802:female genital mutilation
786:2004 Cannes Film Festival
612:Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu
489:Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu
452:Les Bouts de Bois de Dieu
439:countries such as China,
277:, as was common for many
161:
41:
2331:"Berlinale 1977: Juries"
1507:Historical drama feature
925:O Pays, mon beau peuple!
564:in 1968 and financed by
560:, which was launched in
433:O Pays, mon beau peuple!
420:O Pays, mon beau peuple!
418:Sembène's second novel,
1715:Gadjigo, Samba (2010).
1214:Niiwam : nouvelles
1007:. Washington: INSCAPE.
620:postcolonial literature
410:. This is written in a
3318:Wolof-language writers
3293:People from Ziguinchor
3273:French cinema pioneers
3263:20th-century novelists
2973:"Sembène, le mécréant"
2910:and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o.
2906:Review of the film by
2641:scholarblogs.emory.edu
2438:22 August 2007 at the
2187:Focus on African Films
2103:London Review of Books
1811:. Paris: L’Harmattan.
1767:Murphy, David (2001).
1482:In protest outsiders (
1159:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
1157:Le dernier de l'Empire
927:. Amiot Dumont, 1957.
807:Sembène often makes a
597:The Last of the Empire
593:Le Dernier de l’empire
298:Senegalese Tirailleurs
2840:blog.cineafrique.org/
2698:socialistworker.co.uk
1130:. London: Heinemann.
752:was entered into the
739:was entered into the
713:content in the film.
537:Later literary career
365:Early literary career
308:service was with the
179:[usmansɑ̃bɛn]
3313:Senegalese novelists
3063:on 15 September 2007
2927:blog.cineafrique.org
1807:Niang, Sada (1996).
1670:on 18 September 2009
1270:Selected filmography
784:, won awards at the
3057:senegalaisement.com
2958:on 23 November 2006
2921:Amekudji, Anoumou.
2867:iupress.indiana.edu
2846:on 21 November 2010
2390:festival-cannes.com
1591:Director and writer
1565:Director and writer
1542:Director and writer
1462:Director and writer
1439:Director and writer
1436:French conscription
1409:Director and writer
1388:Director and writer
1365:Director and writer
1337:Director and writer
1314:Director and writer
1034:L'Harmattan (novel)
610:On the strength of
406:as much as they do
343:French colonial war
3122:God's Bits of Wood
2746:The New York Times
2724:The New York Times
2704:on 4 February 2012
2494:, screenafrica.com
2463:on 12 October 2011
2311:on 16 January 2013
2281:on 16 January 2013
1754:on 29 October 2018
1664:upress.state.ms.us
1609:God's Bits of Wood
961:God's Bits of Wood
861:Présence Africaine
857:. Paris: Debresse.
457:God's Bits of Wood
351:Harlem Renaissance
319:God's Bits of Wood
310:Free French Forces
72:French West Africa
3240:
3239:
2817:. 12 October 2004
2807:"Ousmane Sembene"
2221:on 5 October 2016
1953:Los Angeles Times
1922:978-0-253-00426-0
1870:vital.seals.ac.za
1598:
1597:
1511:Thiaroye massacre
1353:(original title:
792:Film Festival in
746:In 1977 his film
523:Gorky Film Studio
487:Sembène followed
202:Descended from a
189:Los Angeles Times
168:
167:
122:Years active
16:(Redirected from
3325:
3210:Camp de Thiaroye
3100:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3027:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3002:africultures.com
2992:
2990:
2988:
2977:africultures.com
2967:
2965:
2963:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2842:. Archived from
2829:
2824:
2822:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:on 6 August 2008
2789:. Archived from
2787:missingimage.com
2777:
2775:
2773:
2766:africultures.com
2757:
2755:
2753:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2668:Gadjigo, Samba.
2655:
2650:
2648:
2619:
2607:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2509:africultures.com
2501:
2495:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2459:. Archived from
2448:
2442:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2362:. Archived from
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2307:. Archived from
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2277:. Archived from
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2247:. Archived from
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2190:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2124:. Archived from
2113:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2046:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2013:
2012:
1993:10.7202/039372ar
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1944:
1927:
1926:
1906:
1891:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1830:
1803:
1790:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1738:
1711:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1655:
1628:
1518:Thierno Faty Sow
1502:Camp de Thiaroye
1277:
1262:
1241:Niiwam and Taaw
1235:
1205:
1178:
1149:
1120:
1103:
1092:
1063:
1045:
1026:
996:
973:
953:
936:
917:
890:
858:
809:cameo appearance
692:Camp de Thiaroye
468:Dakar-Niger line
375:The Black Docker
300:(a corps of the
181:
176:
163:Official website
84:
60:
58:
46:
32:
21:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3148:
3109:
3107:Ousmane Sembène
3104:
3066:
3064:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3014:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2986:
2984:
2970:
2961:
2959:
2949:
2936:
2934:
2920:
2917:
2908:Manthia Diawara
2896:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2874:
2861:
2849:
2847:
2833:
2820:
2818:
2805:
2796:
2794:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2738:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2692:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2659:Ousmane Sembène
2646:
2644:
2635:
2632:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2559:Ousmane Sembène
2557:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2492:Wayback Machine
2483:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2457:The Independent
2450:
2449:
2445:
2440:Wayback Machine
2431:
2427:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2366:on 3 April 2014
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2251:on 3 April 2014
2239:
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2222:
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2197:
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2110:
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2026:
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2016:
1974:
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1969:
1959:
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1658:
1644:
1631:
1606:
1603:
1601:Further reading
1584:
1561:
1538:
1508:
1481:
1458:
1428:
1405:
1384:
1361:
1333:
1310:
1308:
1292:Duration (min)
1272:
1251:
1243:. : D. Philip.
1238:
1224:
1211:
1194:
1181:
1167:
1154:
1138:
1123:
1106:
1097:
1081:
1066:
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1000:
997:Short stories.
978:
957:
939:
922:
906:
893:
879:
866:
852:
849:
844:
834:South Africa's
821:
636:
605:Niiwam and Taaw
539:
367:
359:Jacques Roumain
339:Communist party
314:railroad strike
224:
212:Serer religious
197:Sembène Ousmane
174:
171:Ousmane Sembène
86:
82:
62:
56:
54:
37:
36:Ousmane Sembène
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3331:
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3227:
3220:
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3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3153:Films directed
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3103:
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3095:
3088:
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3074:
3073:
3049:
3028:
2993:
2983:on 19 May 2011
2968:
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2803:
2778:
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2714:
2690:
2665:
2656:
2631:
2628:
2627:
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2614:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:External links
2592:
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2191:
2174:
2162:"Emitai Ceddo"
2150:
2139:
2128:on 9 June 2021
2108:
2093:
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2066:
2041:
2014:
1987:(2): 241–286.
1967:
1956:. 14 June 2007
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1585:Women protest
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1457:Comedy feature
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1355:La noire de...
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855:Le Docker noir
848:
845:
843:
840:
820:
817:
672:Wolof language
662:Prix Jean Vigo
657:La Noire de...
635:
632:
601:Niiwam et Taaw
538:
535:
531:Sarah Maldoror
505:La Noire de...
412:social realist
371:Le Docker Noir
366:
363:
294:Fall of France
244:Serer religion
223:
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85:(aged 84)
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61:1 January 1923
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3114:Books written
3112:
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2933:on 7 May 2011
2932:
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2873:on 6 May 2011
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1983:(in French).
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1814:
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1802:(3): 174–178.
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1427:Drama feature
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1360:Drama feature
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1046:Reprint 1973.
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2891:maumaus.org
2467:14 November
2255:24 December
1981:Ethnologies
1960:11 November
1613:Flora Nwapa
1430:Jola people
1404:Drama short
1332:Drama short
1307:Drama short
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794:Ouagadougou
773:bourgeoisie
769:colonialism
723:, entitled
711:anti-Muslim
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495:collection
302:French Army
114:Nationality
81:9 June 2007
3247:Categories
3175:Black Girl
2395:2 December
2370:20 January
2315:13 January
2225:17 October
2167:17 October
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2035:0253354137
1896:References
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476:Émile Zola
443:, and the
404:xenophobia
232:Ziguinchor
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184:Senegalese
142:Black Girl
117:Senegalese
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1827:917569861
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236:Casamance
228:fisherman
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2811:wnyc.org
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275:madrasa
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