127:
271:...have as their objects a corpse one or two or three days old, swollen up, blue-black in colour, full of corruption; a corpse eaten by crows, etc.; a framework of bones; flesh hanging from it, bespattered with blood, held together by the sinews; without flesh and blood, but still held together by the sinews; bones scattered in all direction; bleached and resembling shells; heaped together after the lapse of years; weathered and crumbled to dust.
20:
637:
In these suttas, the Buddha instructs monks to stay in the forest in order to aid their meditation practice DN 2, DN 11, DN 12, DN 16, MN 4, MN 10, MN 27, MN 39, MN 60, MN 66, MN 101, MN 105, MN 107, MN 125, AN 4.259, AN 5.75, AN 5.76, AN 5.114, AN 10.60, Sn 1.12, Sn 3.11, SN 11.3, SN 22.80, This
295:
A shmashana, also known as a cremation ground or burial ground, holds cultural, religious, and ritualistic significance in various
Eastern spiritual traditions, including Hinduism and certain Tibetan Buddhist practices. The shmashana is said to be abode of ghosts, evil spirits, fierce deities, and
181:
also give details of how to select the site of shmashana: it should be on the northern side of the village with land sloping towards the south, it should be near a river or a source of water and should not be visible from a distance.
205:. After cremation, they sprinkle milk on that place. They collect the ashes but unlike Hindus, they do not immerse them in the water. Instead of it they dig the ground and bury the ashes in that pit and sprinkle salt in the pit.
221:
frequently instructs his disciples to seek out a secluded dwelling (in a forest, under the shade of a tree, mountain, glen, hillside cave, charnel ground, jungle grove, in the open, or on a heap of straw). The
648:
Witkowski, Nicholas (September 2019). Jain, Andrea R. (ed.). "Living with the Dead as a Way of Life: A Materialist
Historiographical Approach to Cemetery Asceticism in Indian Buddhist Monasticisms".
185:
Dead bodies are traditionally cremated on a funeral pyre usually made of wood. However, nowadays in many cities of India there are electric or gas based furnaces used in indoor crematoria.
300:. Therefore, people in general prefer to avoid going near shmashana at night. Women generally do not go to shmashana, only males go to shmashana to perform the last rites.
201:
and sandalwood powder are sprinkled all over the body and the eldest son of the deceased does the last rituals, who lights up the pyre in shmashana, chanting the
559:
At every cemetery, there is a death register karkoon (clerk), also known as a DRK, an electrician for electric crematorium, a furnace operator and labourers.
765:
650:
274:
At the end of each of these contemplations there follows the conclusion: "This body of mine also has this nature, has this destiny, cannot escape it."
170:(last rites). At the cremation ground, the chief mourner has to obtain the sacred fire from one who resides by the shmashana and light funeral pyres (
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62:. It is usually located near a river or body of water on the outskirts of a village or town; as they are usually located near river
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259:
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355:, etc. invoke occult powers within them at a shamashana. The shmashana is also used for similar purpose by followers of
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Fourth
Revised Edition edited by Nyanaponika. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Source:
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demonstrate that charnel ground and cemetery meditations were part of the ascetic practices in
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The Jains also cremate the dead as soon as possible to avoid growth of micro-organisms.
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Health and
Religious Rituals in South Asia: Disease, Possession and Healing
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Ahsan Jan Qaisar; Som
Prakash Verma; Mohammad Habib (1 December 1996).
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Lalita Prasad
Vidyarthi; Makhan Jha; Baidyanath Saraswati (1979).
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The Sacred
Complex of Kashi: A Microcosm of Indian Civilization
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list is not exhaustive as there are many more related suttas.
491:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 60–. GGKEY:PC0JJ5P0BPA
732:
Buddhist
Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines.
230:
tradition of the "Nine
Cemetery Contemplations" (Pali:
58:
ground, where dead bodies are brought to be burnt on a
46:
544:
A modern indoor
Electric crematorium in Surat, India
963:
912:
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383:is usually considered to be lord of the shmashana.
323:of now scarce Indian Tantric traditions perform
269:
759:
513:Art and Culture: Endeavours in Interpretation
8:
423:. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 33–.
160:, the dead body is brought to shmashana for
651:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
247:'Cemetery contemplations', as described in
766:
752:
744:
691:
303:Followers of the modes of worship called
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576:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 240.
555:Cemetery Staff Go On Strike From May 1
451:Bibek Debroy, Dipavali Debroy (1992).
737:(accessed: Tuesday December 24, 2009)
516:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 2–.
23:A shmashana outside an Indian village
7:
604:Ferrari, Fabrizio (7 March 2011).
66:, they are also regionally called
14:
573:Faith & Philosophy of Jainism
118:for the last rites of the dead.
1029:Burial monuments and structures
1:
78:The word has its origin from
668:American Academy of Religion
557:. DNA India, 25 May 2010 -
457:. Lulu.com. pp. 174–.
279:10 objects of loathsomeness
47:
1065:
955:Hindu genealogy registers
570:Jain, Arun Kumar (2009).
331:) and rituals to worship
232:nava sīvathikā-manasikāra
36:
1044:Indian words and phrases
379:, etc. The deity called
664:Oxford University Press
1049:Pali words and phrases
420:Banaras: City of Light
288:
250:Mahasatipatthana Sutta
145:
24:
16:Hindu cremation ground
676:10.1093/jaarel/lfz040
417:Diana L. Eck (1982).
129:
22:
730:Nyanatiloka (1980).
234:) described in the
98:("bed"). The other
1039:Death and Hinduism
1024:Buddhism and death
829:Burial in Hinduism
393:Shmashana Adhipati
381:Shmashana Adhipati
260:Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta
237:Satipatthana Sutta
146:
90:("corpse"), while
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1011:
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1003:Dharmic religions
666:on behalf of the
617:978-1-136-84628-1
583:978-81-7835-723-2
523:978-81-7017-315-1
464:978-0-9793051-1-5
454:The Garuda Purana
430:978-0-7102-0236-9
317:Kashmiri Shaivism
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257:: 22) and the
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367:for sadhna of
359:traditions of
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291:Spiritual role
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281:(asubha q.v.).
242:Early Buddhism
219:Gautama Buddha
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203:Namokar Mantra
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133:, a shmashana
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693:10356/143740
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621:. Retrieved
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587:. Retrieved
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68:smashan ghat
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863:Rasam Pagri
670:: 824–859.
623:13 February
589:13 February
529:9 September
495:9 September
470:9 September
436:9 September
150:Hindu rites
1018:Categories
993:Philosophy
981:Sampradaya
710:sc76000837
404:References
215:Pali Canon
164:ritual of
94:refers to
86:refers to
82:language:
1034:Cremation
986:Parampara
945:Vaitarani
849:rituals:
820:Shmashana
702:0002-7189
684:1477-4585
361:Vajrayana
305:Vamamarga
228:Sutrayana
116:shmashana
114:also use
74:Etymology
56:crematory
42:romanized
29:shmashana
964:See also
940:Samskara
872:Terahvin
847:Antyesti
814:Antyesti
779:Hinduism
387:See also
365:Dzogchen
345:Bhairavi
313:Kapalika
298:tantriks
284:—
177:Various
167:antyesti
139:Varanasi
122:Hinduism
112:Buddhism
80:Sanskrit
33:Sanskrit
971:History
902:Samadhi
892:Śrāddha
858:Tarpana
807:Rituals
718:1479270
341:Bhairav
325:sadhana
267:: 10):
213:In the
199:camphor
189:Jainism
148:As per
108:Jainism
104:Sikhism
51:) is a
48:śmaśāna
44::
834:Ngaben
798:Svarga
793:Moksha
716:
708:
700:
682:
660:Oxford
614:
580:
520:
461:
427:
377:Zhitro
349:Dakini
309:Aghori
224:Vinaya
96:shanya
37:श्मशान
998:Texts
925:Karma
920:Bhuta
845:Post-
839:Pinda
775:Death
680:eISSN
658:(3).
373:Phowa
353:Vetal
321:Kaula
307:like
172:chita
158:India
154:Nepal
143:India
102:like
92:shana
88:shava
64:ghats
53:Hindu
950:Yama
930:Loka
882:Pitr
822:and
786:Goal
714:OCLC
706:LCCN
698:ISSN
625:2023
612:ISBN
591:2023
578:ISBN
531:2012
518:ISBN
497:2012
472:2012
459:ISBN
438:2012
425:ISBN
369:Chöd
337:Tara
333:Kali
226:and
195:Ghee
156:and
135:ghat
110:and
84:shma
60:pyre
870:or
777:in
688:hdl
672:doi
162:the
152:of
137:at
70:s.
1020::
874:*
816::
712:.
704:.
696:.
686:.
678:.
662::
656:87
654:.
375:,
371:,
363:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
319:,
315:,
311:,
265:MN
255:DN
244:.
197:,
141:,
106:,
39:,
35::
27:A
878::
767:e
760:t
753:v
720:.
690::
674::
627:.
593:.
533:.
499:.
474:.
440:.
263:(
253:(
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
