192:
476:
777:
785:
217:
47:
1294:, a substantial part of the German population in Southern Schleswig changed their nationality and declared themselves as Danish. This change was caused by a number of factors, most importantly the German defeat and an influx of a large number of refugees from the former Prussian eastern provinces, whose culture and appearance differed from the local Germans, who were mostly descendants of Danish families who had changed their nationality in the 19th century.
621:
1259:
234:
696:. Its revival and widespread use in the 19th century therefore had a clear Danish nationalist connotation of laying a claim to the territory and objecting to the German claims. "Olsen's Map", published by the Danish cartographer Olsen in the 1830s, used this term, arousing a storm of protests by the duchy's German inhabitants. Even though many Danish nationalists, such as the National Liberal ideologue and
635:
199:
1302:. However, the majority in the Danish parliament refused to support a referendum in South Schleswig, fearing that the "new Danes" were not genuine in their change of nationality. This proved to be the case and, from 1948 the Danish population began to shrink again. By the early 1950s, it had nevertheless stabilised at a level four times higher than the pre-war number.
1017:. Abel, having wrested the Danish throne to himself for a brief period, left his duchy to his sons and their successors, who pressed claims to the throne of Denmark for much of the next century, so that the Danish kings were at odds with their cousins, the dukes of Slesvig. Feuds and marital alliances brought the Abel dynasty into a close connection with the German
939:
announced that they had unearthed eighteen Viking graves with the remains of eighteen men in them. The discovery came during excavations in
Schleswig. The skeletons indicated that the men were bigger proportioned than twentieth-century Danish men. Each of the graves was laid out from east to west.
1097:
ended about 5 km (3 mi) north of the present border. This created a new cultural dividing line in the duchy because German was used for church services and teaching in the diocese of
Schleswig and Danish was used in the diocese of Ribe and the archdeaconry of Haderslev. This line
709:, it began to assume a clear German nationalist character in the mid 19th century – especially when included in the combined term "Schleswig-Holstein". A central element of the German nationalistic claim was the insistence on Schleswig and Holstein being a single, indivisible entity. Since
1111:
and paid work was often vague. The feudal system was gradually abolished in the late 18th century, starting with the crown lands in 1765 and later the estates of the nobility. In 1805 all serfdom was abolished and land tenure reforms allowed former peasants to own their own farms.
1106:
of the sort common in the rye-growing regions of eastern
Germany. The manors were large holdings with the work done by feudal peasant farmers. They specialized in high quality dairy products. Feudal lordship was combined with technical modernization, and the distinction between
596:. Schleswig was instead a fief of Denmark, and its inhabitants spoke Danish, German, and North Frisian. Both Danish and German National Liberals wanted Schleswig to be part of a Danish or German national state in the 19th century. A German uprising in March 1848 caused the
1101:
In the 17th century, a series of wars between
Denmark and Sweden—which Denmark lost—devastated the region economically. However, the nobility responded with a new agricultural system that restored prosperity. In the period 1600 to 1800 the region experienced the growth of
754:, each side applying its preferred name to the part of the territory remaining in its possession – though both terms can, in principle, still refer to the entire region. Northern Schleswig was, after the 1920 plebiscites, officially named the Southern Jutland districts (
713:
was legally part of the German
Confederation, and ethnically entirely German with no Danish population, use of that name implied that both provinces should belong to Germany and that their connection with Denmark should be weakened or altogether severed.
1164:
of that time) treated
Schleswig largely as such. The ideological argument was not only an ethnic but also a historical one: the German side referred to a medieval treaty that claimed that Schleswig and Holstein should be forever united (in Low German:
1124:
peninsula between
Schleswig and Flensburg began to switch to Low German and in the same period many North Frisians also switched to Low German. This linguistic change created a new de facto dividing line between German and Danish speakers north of
1213:
Austria and
Prussia, against the will of the Confederation, in February 1864 sent their troops across the border between Holstein and Schleswig. Occupying Schleswig also was supposed to have influence on the Danish king, originally. This war, the
913:
began to speak Low German alongside Danish, but otherwise the ethno-linguistic borders remained remarkably stable until around 1800, with the exception of the population in the towns that became increasingly German from the 14th century onwards.
1136:
used the
Schleswig question as part of their agitation and demanded that the duchy be incorporated into the Danish kingdom under the slogan "Denmark to the Eider". This caused a conflict between Denmark and the German states over Schleswig and
1176:
Under pressure of the other great powers, Prussia had to retreat (in summer 1848 and again in summer 1850). This left the
Schleswig-Holstein rebels to their fate. In 1851 the rebel government and its army were disbanded. In the
1053:
of Norway, who were also regularly elected kings of Denmark simultaneously, and their sons (unlike Denmark, which was not hereditary). This was an anomaly – a king holding a ducal title of which he as king was the fount and
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1282:
voted by a majority of 75% to join Denmark, whereas Central Schleswig voted by a majority of 80% to remain part of Germany. In Southern Schleswig, no referendum was held, as the likely outcome was apparent. The name
1297:
The change in demographics created a temporary Danish majority in the region and a demand for a new referendum from the Danish population in South Schleswig and some Danish politicians, including prime minister
1249:
went back on this provision, and Denmark recognized in a treaty of 1907 with Germany that, by the agreement between Austria and Prussia, the frontier between Prussia and Denmark had finally been settled.
520:
1522:
Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, "Innovative Feudalism. The development of dairy farming and Koppelwirtschaft on manors in Schleswig-Holstein in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,"
935:. Its construction, and in particular its great expansion around 737, has been interpreted as an indication of the emergence of a unified Danish state. In May 1931, scientists of the
1029:, while Schleswig remained a Danish fief. These dual loyalties were to become a main root of the dispute between the German states and Denmark in the 19th century, when the ideas of
1630:
1075:
1058:. The title and anomaly survived presumably because it was already co-regally held by the king's sons. Between 1544 and 1713/20, the ducal reign had become a
1181:
the great powers confirmed that the king of Denmark was the duke of the duchies but also the status of the duchies as being distinct from Denmark proper.
1313:(later Germany as a whole) and Denmark promised to uphold the rights of each other's minority population. Today, both parts co-operate as a cross-border
1132:
From around 1830, large segments of the population began to identify with either German or Danish nationality and mobilized politically. In Denmark, the
191:
1226:
The defeated Danish king had to leave Schleswig and Holstein to Austria and Prussia. They created a condominium over Schleswig and Holstein. Under the
1625:
812:
780:
The Danish (red), Saxon (blue), Frisian (yellow) and Slavonic (brown) settlement areas in Schleswig/Southern Jutland and Holstein (from 800 to 1100)
90:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
925:– Scandinavia's biggest trading centre – was located in this region, which is also the location of the interlocking fortifications known as the
1635:
1318:
1148:
When the National Liberals came to power in Denmark in early 1848, it provoked an uprising of ethnic Germans in the duchies. This led to the
1645:
1338:
1581:
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was meant to force the duke (i.e. the king of Denmark) to respect the status of the duchy. The troops occupying Holstein were mainly from
940:
Researchers surmised that the bodies were entombed in wooden coffins originally, but only the iron nails remained. Towards the end of the
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98:
1466:
1394:
1245:. Provision for the cession of northern Schleswig to Denmark was made pending a popular vote in favour of this. In 1878, however,
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1133:
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was forbidden by the Prussians in 1895. The picture shows two girls in costumes of the islands Föhr and Als before the Dannevirke
1059:
414:
561:) covering the area between about 60 km (35 miles) north and 70 km (45 mi) south of the current border between
451:
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1242:
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216:
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of 14 August 1865, Lauenburg was given to Prussia, while Austria administered Holstein, and Prussia administered Schleswig.
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1374:
1185:
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1160:) was a member state. Although Schleswig was never a part of the Confederation, the Confederation (and the short-lived
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1384:
1142:
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became increasingly dominant among the Danish population, even though most Danes still had no objection to the use of
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is now used for all of German Schleswig. This decision left substantial minorities on both sides of the new border.
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as Denmark unified out of a number of petty chiefdoms in the 8th to 10th centuries in the wake of Viking expansion.
111:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Danish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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743:(The North Schleswig Farmers Association). In 1866, Schleswig and Holstein were legally merged into the Prussian
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as such (it is etymologically of Danish origin) and many of them still used it themselves in its Danish version
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had no special political connotations. However, around 1830 some Danes started to re-introduce the archaic term
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35:
967:, by which the border was established at the Eider. During the 10th century, there were several wars between
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Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002,
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The German Confederation sent troops to Holstein (and Lauenburg) which was a member state. This internal
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of Schleswig, a title used for only a short time before the recipient began to style himself
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760:), while Southern Schleswig then remained a part of the Prussian province, which became the
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in the 19th century in Southern Schleswig, showing a Danish and a German language map
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was hardly used between the 16th and 19th centuries, and in this period the name
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1548:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
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569:. The territory has been divided between the two countries since 1920, with
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1510:
Danmarkshistoriens hvornĂĄr skete det, Copenhagen: Politiken, 1966, p. 65
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In the 1230s, Southern Jutland (the Duchy of Slesvig) was allotted as an
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
855:. By the early Middle Ages, the region was inhabited by three groups:
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In the 19th century, there was a naming dispute concerning the use of
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From early medieval times, the area's significance was its role as a
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Meyers Konversationslexikon, 4th edition (1885-90), entry: "Eider"
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jointly holding the stake. A third branch, the short-lived House of
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However, tensions between the two German powers culminated in the
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From around 1800 to 1840, the Danish-speaking population on the
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but in the late 14th century the name of the city Slesvig (now
604:(1864) ended with the three duchies being governed jointly by
40:
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were held in 1920, resulting in the partition of the region.
905:), who lived in the area south of the Danes and the Frisians.
1169:). The federal and then imperial troops consisted mainly of
1152:(1848–51). The Schleswig-Holsteiners were supported by the
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and the Danevirke was a source of continuous dispute. The
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south of it. The Angles in turn bordered the neighbouring
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Schleswig/Slesvig with present-day administrative borders
1098:
corresponds remarkably closely with the present border.
674:) started to be used for the whole territory. The term
951:
The southern boundary of Denmark in the region of the
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to determine the allegiance of the region. Thus, two
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of Schleswig was inherited in 1460 by the hereditary
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of Haderslev created. On the west coast, the Danish
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1571:. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.
839:Roman sources place the homeland of the tribe of
1450:Reise durch einen Theil von Sachsen und Dänemark
30:"Schleswig" redirects here. For other uses, see
1425:"Schleswig-Holstein Historical Flags (Germany)"
1325:, there are no regular controls at the border.
1321:. As Denmark and Germany are both part of the
979:again fixed their mutual border at the Eider.
105:accompanying your translation by providing an
71:Click for important translation instructions.
58:expand this article with text translated from
1074:, was already extinct in 1580 by the time of
8:
1013:, Canute's great-grandson, a younger son of
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717:After the German conquest in 1864, the term
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1218:, was unrelated to the Confederation. (The
909:During the 14th century, the population on
1631:States and territories established in 1058
959:was signed in 811 between the Danish King
944:, Schleswig formed part of the historical
612:. In 1866, they became a part of Prussia.
232:
142:
1210:and Prussian troops waiting as a reserve.
750:The naming dispute was resolved with the
1416:
1116:19th century and the two Schleswig wars
1021:by the 15th century. The latter was a
577:in Germany. The region is also called
117:{{Translated|da|Hertugdømmet Slesvig}}
638:Danish Map of Southern Jutland (1918)
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385:
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357:
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341:
333:
7:
1339:List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein
592:, Schleswig was never a part of the
664:). Originally the duchy was called
1559:Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921).
739:De Nordslesvigske Landboforeninger
25:
799:between Denmark and the powerful
251:(partly between 1544 and 1713/20)
1626:1866 disestablishments in Europe
1390:Traditional districts of Denmark
819:with the trade routes along the
735:. An example is the founding of
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449:
215:
197:
190:
45:
27:A Danish Duchy from 1058 to 1864
415:Schleswig-Holstein speciethaler
1405:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
1395:Region Sønderjylland-Schleswig
1319:Region Sønderjylland–Schleswig
1243:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
1089:was divided and an autonomous
752:1920 plebiscites and partition
745:province of Schleswig-Holstein
470:Province of Schleswig-Holstein
115:You may also add the template
1:
1636:History of Schleswig-Holstein
1375:History of Schleswig-Holstein
1536:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
1646:Former monarchies of Europe
1524:Agricultural History Review
1385:Schleswig-Holstein Question
1307:Copenhagen-Bonn declaration
1143:Schleswig-Holstein question
990:– a son of his predecessor
1662:
1568:Collier's New Encyclopedia
1335:List of dukes of Schleswig
1332:
937:National Museum of Denmark
866:), who lived north of the
79:Machine translation, like
32:Schleswig (disambiguation)
29:
1562:"Schleswig (duchy)"
1350:Coat of arms of Schleswig
1068:House of Holstein-Gottorp
600:which ended in 1852. The
428:
406:
382:
370:
342:
231:
210:used between 1685 to 1849
186:
181:
60:the corresponding article
1481:"Viking Find Reported",
1329:List of dukes and rulers
1129:and south of Flensburg.
1037:gained popular support.
757:de sønderjyske landsdele
204:Top: Flag 18th century
1545:Encyclopædia Britannica
1526:(2010) 58#2 pp 172-190.
1448:Peter Treschow Hanson:
1237:of 1866. Following the
1179:London Protocol of 1852
1156:of which Holstein (and
880:, who lived in most of
862:(including assimilated
616:Name and naming dispute
544:
536:
365:Christian IX of Denmark
126:For more guidance, see
1263:
1134:National Liberal Party
1083:Protestant Reformation
1015:Valdemar II of Denmark
971:and Denmark. In 1027,
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398:• Disestablished
330:Feudal Duchy, Monarchy
165:
151:
1487:, May 17, 1931, p. 5.
1400:Danish Royal Enclaves
1380:North Frisian Islands
1261:
1186:November Constitution
1145:of the 19th century.
1066:and its cadet branch
886:North Frisian Islands
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779:
637:
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319:(from 16th century),
274:Common languages
128:Knowledge:Translation
99:copyright attribution
1452:, Altona 1813, p. 44
1268:Treaty of Versailles
1222:became meaningless.)
1216:Second Schleswig War
1154:German Confederation
1087:diocese of Schleswig
1031:romantic nationalism
602:Second Schleswig War
594:German Confederation
516:Hertugdømmet Slesvig
152:Hertugdømmet Slesvig
1593: /
1235:Austro-Prussian War
1150:First Schleswig War
1141:, which led to the
1025:subordinate to the
986:created his nephew
884:, including on the
843:north of the river
598:First Schleswig War
545:Härtochduum Slaswik
529:Herzogtum Schleswig
388:• Established
166:Herzogtum Schleswig
1621:Duchy of Schleswig
1484:The New York Times
1285:Southern Schleswig
1280:Northern Schleswig
1264:
1228:Gastein Convention
1064:House of Oldenburg
1041:Early modern times
957:Treaty of Heiligen
793:
782:
766:Schleswig-Holstein
640:
632:
575:Southern Schleswig
571:Northern Schleswig
508:Duchy of Schleswig
147:Duchy of Schleswig
107:interlanguage link
1539:"Schleswig"
1167:up ewig ungedeelt
1062:, with the royal
1027:Holy Roman Empire
1019:Duchy of Holstein
942:Early Middle Ages
917:During the early
801:Holy Roman Empire
537:Hartogdom Sleswig
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353:Olaf I of Denmark
348:• 1058–1095
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16:(Redirected from
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1597:55.167°N 9.250°E
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1292:Second World War
1011:Abel Valdemarsen
977:Canute the Great
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847:and that of the
827:coast (see also
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703:, used the name
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1247:Austria-Hungary
1239:Peace of Prague
1220:Bundesexekution
1195:Bundesexekution
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1095:diocese of Ribe
1060:common dominium
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813:the trade route
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1081:Following the
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982:In 1115, King
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223:Coat of arms
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103:edit summary
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1600: /
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1500:(in German)
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1434:25 February
1276:referendums
1272:plebiscites
1173:divisions.
1104:manorialism
965:Charlemagne
953:Eider River
894:(including
797:buffer zone
434:Preceded by
317:Mennonitism
313:Lutheranism
309:Catholicism
67:(June 2023)
1615:Categories
1411:References
1315:Euroregion
1254:Since 1900
1056:liege lord
919:Viking Age
896:Germanized
829:Kiel Canal
809:Baltic Sea
533:Low German
327:Government
291:Low German
268:Copenhagen
1355:Danevirke
1309:of 1955,
1158:Lauenburg
1072:Haderslev
973:Conrad II
932:Danevirke
911:Schwansen
868:Danevirke
805:North Sea
768:in 1946.
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706:Schleswig
683:Schleswig
672:Schleswig
645:Schleswig
624:The term
590:Lauenburg
521:‹See Tfd›
305:Religion
264:Flensburg
260:Schleswig
208:Dannebrog
182:1058–1866
121:talk page
62:in Danish
1344:See also
1208:Austrian
1171:Prussian
1139:Holstein
1033:and the
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928:Danewerk
899:Wagrians
870:and the
825:Atlantic
823:and the
815:through
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698:agitator
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579:Sleswick
547:) was a
411:Currency
206:Bottom:
97:provide
18:Sleswick
1585:55°10′N
1365:Jutland
1305:In the
1206:, with
1200:Hanover
961:Hemming
772:History
732:Slesvig
694:Jutland
651:Slesvig
610:Prussia
606:Austria
584:Unlike
567:Denmark
563:Germany
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495:Denmark
423:Pfennig
375:History
321:Judaism
256:Capital
247:of the
245:Fiefdom
119:to the
101:in the
64:.
36:Slesvig
1588:9°15′E
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1370:Hedeby
1204:Saxony
1127:Tønder
1122:Angeln
992:Eric I
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892:Saxons
853:Saxons
849:Angles
817:Russia
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286:German
281:Danish
241:Status
173:German
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159:Danish
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1051:kings
984:Niels
903:Wends
888:, and
864:Jutes
860:Danes
845:Eider
841:Jutes
821:Rhine
549:duchy
81:DeepL
1463:ISBN
1436:2024
1337:and
1266:The
1202:and
1047:duke
1023:fief
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