908:
Testimony to
Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 22–57, 1994. M. Hillar, "The Philosophical Legacy of the XVIth and XVIIth Century Socinians: Their Rationality." in the book "The Philosophy of Humanism and the Issues of Today," eds. M. Hillar and F. Prahl, pp. 117–126, American Humanist Association, Houston, 1995. Marian Hillar, “The Philosophical Legacy of the 16th and 17th Century Socinians: Their Rationality.” In The Proceedings of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, Alan M. Olson, Executive Editor, Vol 4. Philosophies of religion, Art, and Creativity, Kevin Stoehr (ed.), (Charlottesville, Virginia: Philosophy Documentation Center, 1999) Marian Hillar, “The XVIth and XVIIth Century Socinians: Precursors of Freedom of Conscience, of Separation of Church and State, and of the Enlightenment.” In Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism, Vol. 9, pp. 35–60, 2001, eds. Robert D. Finch, Marian Hillar, American Humanist Association, Houston, TX 2001. Marian Hillar, “Laelius and Faustus Socinus Founders of Socinianism: Their Lives and Theology.” Part 1. Journal from the Radical Reformation. Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 10, No. 2. Winter 2002. pp. 18–38. Marian Hillar, “Laelius and Faustus Socinus Founders of Socinianism: Their Lives and Theology.” Part 2. Journal from the Radical Reformation. Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 10, No. 3. Spring 2002. pp. 11–24.
31:
986:"Did not Christ die also, in order, properly speaking, to purchase our salvation, and literally to pay the debt of our sins? Although Christians at this time commonly so believe, yet this notion is false, erroneous, and exceedingly pernicious; since they conceive that Christ suffered an equivalent punishment for our sins, and by the price of his obedience exactly compensated our disobedience."
730:
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and the obedient relation of the believer to the state became a distinct position of
Socinianism as it was formalized in the Racovian publications. Before F. Sozzini's arrival in Poland, there had been a wide range of positions from the total otherworldliness, common property, and withdrawal from the
1114:
Religious studies: Volume 17 Cambridge
University Press. Online Journals – 1981 "Our Socinian contemporaries, the Christadelphians, are singularly lacking in what the eighteenth century censured as enthusiasm; to a serious enquirer they will argue about their beliefs with endless patience, courtesy,
1031:
Religion, secularization, and political thought: Thomas Hobbes to ... – Page 45 James E. Crimmins, Huron
College – 1989 "Socinianism denied the Trinity (nowhere mentioned in the Bible), and with it the pre-existence of Christ before the virgin birth. It denied original sin and predestination,
651:
of
Transylvania and England. Although the Polish Brethren never adopted the name "Unitarian" while in Poland, when they were disbanded in 1658, those who fled to Holland eventually embraced the term "Unitarian" (which they got from the Transylvanians), as they preferred not to be called Socinians.
1021:
Coleridge, philosophy and religion: Aids to reflection and the ... – Page 232 Douglas Hedley – 2000 "Socinian theology was severely critical of traditional dogmas. Faustus
Socinus accepted the Virgin Birth, physical resurrection of Christ, and the exaltation to the right hand of God, but the
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retroactively applied the term "Unitarian" to the Polish
Brethren. By 1676 there were at least three Socinian meeting houses in London, even if the Act of Toleration of 1689 saw Socinians and Catholics excluded from official recognition. Socinian ideas continued to have significant influence on
907:
M. Hillar: "Poland's
Contribution to the Reformation: Socinians/Polish Brethren and Their Ideas on the Religious Freedom," The Polish Review, Vol. XXXVIII, No.4, pp. 447–468, 1993. M. Hillar, "From the Polish Socinians to the American Constitution," in A Journal from the Radical Reformation. A
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G. C. Berkouwer – 1954 The Person of Christ – Page 22 "The full consequences of this criticism, it is true, were not accepted in all respects, for the
Socinians still believed that Christ was supernaturally begotten by way of the virgin birth, but the results of their criticism would
1041:
better source needed : The faiths of the world James
Gardner – 1858 "Budny – He and his followers were not contented, like other Socinians, with denying the divinity of the Lord Jesus Christ, and affirming him to be a mere man, but they denied the inspiration of the Sacred
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The virtues – Page 62 Peter Thomas Geach – 1977 "The Socinians, or their modern successors like the Christadelphians, at least retain the traditional object of hope; the doctrine of going at death to another world in a spiritual body is an incoherent philosophical
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Page 223 "7 The distinction of Christadelphian teaching from a unitarian position is apparent, although it shares much common ground with a Socinian or Arian position, yet with some differences. Christadelphians do not deny the divinity of Jesus, ...
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Peter Thomas Geach, 1991 "were and are widely believed in the Midlands; since in his time Socinians were liable to be burned, ... but Socinianism lives on under the new label of Christadelphianism, which has its main ecclesia in Birmingham.
662:
631:. The next generation of Polish Brethren stabilized between these two positions, carrying wooden swords to follow the letter of the law and allowing senior Socinians such as
960:" was originally created mortal; that is, was so constituted that he was not only by nature capable of dying, but also, if left to himself, could not but die."
951:
2008. Quote: "Lelio Sozzini's Brevis explicatio in primum Johannis caput appeared in 1561, which marked the beginning of the Socinian phase among the Italian."
423:
anachronistically, using it to refer to ideas that embraced a much wider range than the narrowly defined position of the Racovian catechisms and library.
1433:
Van Vliet, Rietje (August 2019). Kuitert, Lisa (ed.). "'Wer Socinianische Bücher sucht, findet sie bey ihm am ehesten': Sebastiaan Petzold's Patrons".
1386:
Van De Waal, H. (January 1964). Kolfin, Elmer (ed.). "Rembrandt's Faust Etching a Socinian document and the iconography of the inspired scholar".
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598:. However, the original Polish Socinians were believers in miracles and the virgin birth, although there were a few radicals, such as
319:. His influence continued after his death through the writings of his students published in Polish and Latin from the press of the
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later, developing his uncle's arguments. Many years after the death of his uncle in Switzerland, Fausto Sozzini consulted with the
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973:"The fall of Adam, as it was but one act, could not have power to deprave his own nature, much less that of his posterity."
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Socinianism And Arminianism: Antitrinitarians, Calvinists, And Cultural Exchange in Seventeenth-Century Europe
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The Socinians held that humans were created mortal in the beginning and would have died naturally whether
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Nellen, Henk (January 2012). "Minimal Religion, Deism, and Socinianism: On Grotius's Motives for Writing
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orthodox Christological doctrine of two natures is rejected as contrary to sound reason (ratio sana)."
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and arguing that Jesus was the son of Joseph, for which he was excluded from the Racovian community.
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as early as 1600. Socinian theology continued in Transylvania, where Polish exiles such as
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670:, recognized as the statement of faith of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania by Emperor
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34:
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873:"Chapter 28: The Rise of Unitarianism in the Magyar Reformed Synod in Transylvania"
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as a human being. This view had been put forward before by the 4th-century bishop
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belief. Sources in the 18th and 19th centuries frequently attributed the term
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but contains a number of other distinctive theological doctrines, such as the
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from the 1610s onward, as the Latin publications were circulated among early
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He moved to Poland, where he married the daughter of a leading member of the
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436:
416:
281:
1210:
Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
826:
Reason and Religion in the English Revolution: The Challenge of Socinianism
702:, though these churches are not direct descendants of the Polish Brethren.
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was impossible and as such rejected the "hard" view of omniscience. Modern
171:
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Unitarians in England throughout the entire period of their development.
493:
481:
397:
297:
234:
218:
118:
46:
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Modern Socinians (in Christological terms) include the small number of "
17:
1288:
Palladini, Fiammetta (January 2012). "The Image of Christ in Grotius's
1032:
for those doctrines seemed to deny moral responsibility and ... "
570:
happen). They believed that, if God knew every possible future, human
388:. These books circulated among English and French thinkers, including
372:(1668) in Amsterdam, along with the works of F. Sozzini, the Austrian
1444:
1397:
1350:
1301:
1251:
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447:
27:
Nontrinitarian Christian doctrine taught by Lelio and Fausto Sozzini
792:. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 93.
660:, taught in the Unitarian College (1726–1740), as evidenced in the
647:
The direct doctrinal descendants of the original Socinians are the
311:, published posthumously, which set out his uncle Lelio's views on
183:
denial of divine foreknowledge regarding the actions of free agents
1236:
1199:
1170:"The Socinian Migration and the Founding of American Unitarianism"
1160:
851:
473:
144:
132:
38:
29:
296:. Fausto persuaded many in the Polish Brethren who were formerly
927:
A History of Unitarianism: In Transylvania, England, and America
793:
636:
98:
1530:"Center for Socinian, Philosophical & Religious Studies"
415:, Socinianism later became a catch-all term for any kind of
217:
was the first of the Italian anti-trinitarians to go beyond
1529:
614:
Although not directly a doctrinal belief, the principle of
468:
The Racovian publications, like the Sozzinis, rejected the
166:
during the same period. Socinianism is most famous for its
86:
83:
68:
1250:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Vol. 134.
1131:"English Socinianism: Antecedent to American Unitarianism"
923:"The Unitarian Church under Calvinist Princes: 1604-1691"
663:
Summa Universae Theologiae Christianae secundum Unitarios
237:(1562). Lelio Sozzini considered that the "beginning" of
162:
between the 16th and 17th centuries, and embraced by the
92:
77:
594:(1823–86) asserted that Socinian theology was rooted in
1002:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), pp. 332–346.
990:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), pp. 303–304.
1213:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.
828:. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.
197:
The beliefs of Socinianism date from the wing of the
95:
89:
80:
74:
65:
1174:
Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
1135:
Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
284:
Reformed Church in Poland. Sozzini never joined the
949:
The writings of John Calvin: an introductory guide,
822:"The Socinian Challenge to Protestant Christianity"
307:Fausto Sozzini furthered his influence through his
182:
71:
1389:Oud Holland – Journal for Art of the Low Countries
977:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), p. 326.
369:Biblioteca Fratrum Polonorum quos Unitarios vocant
964:(English trans. Thomas Rees, London 1818), p. 20.
863:
861:
815:
813:
811:
627:through to the advocacy of military service by
358:. In the late 1660s, Fausto Sozzini's grandson
261:, attempting to mediate in the dispute between
8:
1292:: Some Thoughts on Grotius's Socinianism".
526:or not. They also rejected the doctrine of
209:of the 1540s, such as the anti-trinitarian
1244:Mulsow, Martin; Rohls, John, eds. (2005).
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
674:in 1782. Early English Unitarians such as
227:Brevis explicatio in primum Johannis caput
714:held a variant of unitarianism including
562:happen) and did not apply to what was a
431:Socinian theology, as summarised in the
187:rejection of the pre-existence of Christ
765:
315:and replaced earlier catechisms of the
249:, not the Genesis creation. His nephew
514:Tree of the knowledge of good and evil
484:, but it conflicts with the mainline
229:– a commentary on the meaning of the
7:
304:, to adopt his uncle Lelio's views.
276:, the anti-trinitarian minority, or
113:developed and co-founded during the
1182:Pennsylvania State University Press
1143:Pennsylvania State University Press
716:denial of the virgin birth of Jesus
205:and have their root in the Italian
151:), uncle and nephew, respectively.
1290:De Veritate Religionis Christianae
1051:Brook P. "Conscientious objection"
550:The Socinians believed that God's
292:, on prayer to Christ, and on the
25:
280:. In 1565, it had split from the
728:
696:Church of God General Conference
654:Unitarian Church of Transylvania
259:Unitarian Church in Transylvania
186:
168:Nontrinitarian Christian beliefs
164:Unitarian Church of Transylvania
61:
710:At the time of Fausto Sozzini,
668:Mihály Lombard de Szentábrahám
652:The term had been used by the
546:Predestination and omniscience
540:propitiatory view of atonement
538:Socinianism also rejected the
1:
1178:University Park, Pennsylvania
1139:University Park, Pennsylvania
881:University Park, Pennsylvania
582:advance a similar viewpoint.
885:Penn State University Press
496:views, which hold that the
476:did not exist until he was
442:on God's knowledge, on the
154:It was developed among the
1583:
1219:Cambridge University Press
1092:, philosophical encounters
834:Cambridge University Press
784:"SOZZINI (Socini), Fausto"
700:Church of the Blessed Hope
558:in the future (what would
554:was limited to what was a
511:
464:Incarnation (Christianity)
461:
374:Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen
366:published the nine-volume
334:started to be used in the
1517:: Robert Appleton Company
1457:10.1163/15700690-12341434
1363:10.1163/18760759-03300006
1314:10.1163/18760759-03300003
1062:A History of Unitarianism
869:Williams, George Huntston
592:Archibald Alexander Hodge
253:published his own longer
1207:Mortimer, Sarah (2010).
935:Harvard University Press
931:Cambridge, Massachusetts
820:Mortimer, Sarah (2010).
782:Biagioni, Mario (2018).
435:, rejected the views of
108:Nontrinitarian Christian
52:namesake of Socinianism.
1410:10.1163/187501764X00029
877:The Radical Reformation
690:" churches such as the
616:conscientious objection
610:Conscientious objection
470:pre-existence of Christ
444:doctrine of the Trinity
290:conscientious objection
223:pre-existence of Christ
1567:Nature of Jesus Christ
1552:Heresy in Christianity
1168:Bowers, J. D. (2007).
1129:Bowers, J. D. (2007).
1000:The Racovian Catechism
988:The Racovian Catechism
975:The Racovian Catechism
962:The Racovian Catechism
887:. pp. 1099–1133.
590:Later writers such as
221:in print and deny the
199:Protestant Reformation
160:Polish Reformed Church
115:Protestant Reformation
53:
1547:Christian terminology
1510:Catholic Encyclopedia
789:Enciclopedia Treccani
658:Andrzej Wiszowaty Jr.
633:Hieronim Moskorzowski
512:Further information:
462:Further information:
179:human nature of Jesus
122:Renaissance humanists
33:
1064:, vol. 2, pp. 47–48.
649:Unitarian Christians
606:, who denied these.
446:and the divinity of
354:, and early English
325:Raków, Kielce County
245:and referred to the
1503:Hugh, Pope (1912).
1115:and ingenuity, ..."
1060:Earl Morse Wilbur,
937:. pp. 121–122.
736:Christianity portal
604:Jacobus Palaeologus
524:eaten from the tree
500:referred to in the
362:and great-grandson
207:Anabaptist movement
203:Radical Reformation
1184:. pp. 43–76.
1145:. pp. 15–42.
947:Wulfert De Greef,
919:Wilbur, Earl Morse
836:. pp. 13–38.
688:Biblical Unitarian
440:Christian theology
433:Racovian Catechism
386:Samuel Przypkowski
364:Benedykt Wiszowaty
340:Kingdom of England
309:Racovian Catechism
54:
45:; 1539–1604), the
1557:Polish Unitarians
1265:978-90-04-14715-7
1228:978-0-521-51704-1
1191:978-0-271-02950-4
1152:978-0-271-02950-4
1075:Sects and Society
894:978-0-943549-83-5
843:978-0-521-51704-1
749:Nontrinitarianism
382:Jonasz Szlichtyng
378:Johannes Crellius
360:Andreas Wiszowaty
263:Giorgio Biandrata
255:Brevis explicatio
211:Council of Venice
16:(Redirected from
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1533:
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1513:. Vol. 14.
1492:
1449:Brill Publishers
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879:(3rd ed.).
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692:Christadelphians
621:Marcin Czechowic
576:process theology
564:contingent truth
490:Eastern Orthodox
376:, and the Poles
321:Racovian Academy
302:Marcin Czechowic
241:was the same as
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1282:Further reading
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274:Polish Brethren
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137:Laelius Socinus
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