950:
508:
493:
443:
198:
542:
218:
174:
524:
254:
461:
234:
477:
1009:
962:
994:
1586::"The 35mm f2.8 Minoxar MC lens of this little camera is a jewel, it is razor sharp at all apertures, producing images which could not be distinguished from ones taken with my usual SLR outfit. Color rendition is excellent, partially due to the built in skylight filter which also acts as a lens protector. I could detect no distortion in my images at all.", from "Minox GT-E Pocket Camera" Shutterbug, Sep 1991
1316:
1248:
978:
1551:
1270:
1469:
1292:
1532:
1422:
582:"A spherically, chromatically and astigmatically corrected objective, consisting of four lenses separated by the diaphragm into two groups each of two lenses, of which groups one includes a pair of facing surfaces and the other a cemented surface, the power of the pair of facing surfaces being negative and that of the cemented surface positive."
360:, had little power since its only function was to correct the few aberrations produced by the powerful posterior element. The set of interfaces cemented in the posterior element had 3 functions: to reduce the spherical aberration; reduce the overcorrected spherical-oblique aberration; and reduce the gap found between astigmatic foci.
1229:
1570:
38:
949:
1491:
1400:
1513:
1054:
has three times the power of the whole lens, it must be moved one-third of the distance that the whole lens would need to move to focus at the same point. The large airspace between the first and second elements allows focusing by moving the front element only; as the displacement is small compared
777:
lenses appear similar in layout, there is a lot more to the design and performance of a lens than simply the layout of the glass elements. The position of the stop, the optical characteristics of the glasses used for each element, the curvature of each lens surface, and the negative format that the
429:
lenses, which were marked as "Zeiss-Tessar", resulting in legal action from the Zeiss company in
Western Germany. For a while the Werra Tessar lenses were marked simply as "T", but eventually they were allowed to market the lenses as "Carl Zeiss â Jena Tessar".
1008:
617:
lenses but due to the breadth of the patent, they could not. The simplest way was to use a cemented triplet for the rear group instead of a doublet. In 1913, many designs of this type appeared, including the Ross
1314:, Paul Rudolph, "SphÀrisch, chromatisch und astigmatisch korrigiertes Objectiv aus vier, durch die Blende in zwei Gruppen geteilten Linsen", published July 4, 1903, assigned to Carl Zeiss Jena
1027:
lenses are frequently found in mid-range cameras, as they can provide a very good optical performance at a reasonable price, and are often quite compact. They are also frequently used in photographic
793:, but because it had been designed to cover only the 18Ă24 mm field of a cine frame, he found it inadequate for coverage of the Leica 24Ă36 mm format. The lens designed by
1050:, can be focused by moving lens elements relative to each other; this usually worsens optical performance to some extent, but is cheaper to implement. As the front element of the
507:
1143:
1290:, Paul Rudolph, "SphÀrisch und chromatisch korrigirtes Objektiv mit anastigmatischer Bildebenung", published October 10, 1902, assigned to Carl Zeiss Jena
1043:
is no exception. Unit-focusing
Tessars were used on higher-end cameras such as the Contaflex Super B, Rolleiflex TLR, and larger-format plate cameras such as the Maximar.
819:, gave good coverage of the 24Ă36 mm format and was used until improved optical glass allowed the third group to be simplified to a cemented pair when it was renamed
492:
442:
313:
design was modified by adding a narrow air gap, which acted as a positive element and improved zonal correction. Later, Rudolph adopted the same device to modify the
1467:, John Stuart & John W. Hasselkus, "Improvements in Lenses for use in Photography and Projection, or the like.", published October 22, 1914
1246:, H. Dennis Taylor, "A Simplified Form and Improved Type of Photographic Lens", published October 6, 1894, assigned to Taylor, Taylor & Hobson
1398:, Ernst Wandersleb & Willy Merté, "Dreiteiliges photographisches Objektiv", published September 29, 1934, assigned to Carl Zeiss Jena
1014:
Unit focusing Tessar 50/2.8 of Zeiss Ikon
Contaflex Super B. The front element of this Tessar can be replaced with Tele Pro Tessar or Wide angle Pro Tessar.
541:
197:
1420:, Wandersleb & Merté, "Sphaerisch, komatisch, chromatisch und astigmatisch korrigierte Lichtbildlinse", published October 22, 1927
1173:
835:
The front element of the Tessar can be replaced to make a long-focus or wide-angle lens. In 1957 Carl Zeiss offered the long-focus Pro Tessar 115 mm
961:
815:
with five elements in three groups, the third group being three cemented elements, with the aperture stop in the first air space. This lens, called the
173:
217:
523:
993:
1549:, Albrecht Tronnier, "Four-lens photographic objective", published October 30, 1951, assigned to VoigtlÀnder & Sohn AG
1530:, Albrecht Tronnier, "Unsymmetrical photographic objective", published June 22, 1937, assigned to Jos. Schenider & Co.
137:-derived lenses have been manufactured by Zeiss and other manufacturers, and are still produced as excellent intermediate aperture lenses.
460:
253:
1268:, Hugh Lancelot Aldis, "Improvements in Photographic Lenses", published July 4, 1896, assigned to J.H. Dallmeyer, Ltd.
414:
1622:
1154:
233:
1369:
476:
321:
of 1899. In addition, this allowed the photographers to have greater freedom when choosing the lenses. In one implementation, the
778:
lens is designed to cover, are all vital to the performance of the lens, and in the Leica lens these were all different from the
932:
lens branding for their consumer camcorders such as the HDR-CX405 extending the wide angle view with 1.9mm to 57mm zoom range.
1170:
411:
consisting of two elements cemented in the front, a single negative element in the center, and three cemented in the rear.
1176:
908:
name has been used by Zeiss for various zoom lenses fitted to Sony cameras, including that of the digital still cameras
955:
2 historical lenses Carl Zeiss, Jena, Nr. 145077 and Nr. 145078, Tessar 1:4,5 F=5,5cm DRP 142294 (produced before 1910)
1227:, Paul Rudolph, "Photographisches Doppelobjectiv", published May 20, 1891, assigned to Carl Zeiss AG
1031:, as they provide more contrast than many competing lens designs due to the limited number of air-to-glass surfaces.
1568:, Paul Rudolph, "Photographic Objective", published February 24, 1903, assigned to Carl Zeiss Jena
977:
332:
In 1902, Rudolph realized the two cemented interfaces had many virtues, so he reinserted them in the back of his
1039:
All lenses can be focused by moving the lens assembly towards or away from the film ("unit focusing"), and the
590:
264:
244:
188:
113:
56:
609:
in the United States, and to Krauss in France. Only licensed manufacturers were allowed to use the brand name
878:, not the four-element, three-group design. They are for example a 5-elements-in-1-group, aperture-less all-
698:
692:
1464:
1265:
1243:
649:-type lens achieved so far by using lanthanum glass elements. The picture quality was outstanding. Other
1627:
1489:, Charles Henri Florian, "Objective", published December 29, 1914, assigned to Berthiot
1353:
1546:
1527:
1486:
325:
has four air-spaced elements in four groups, which replaced the two cemented interfaces of the earlier
1565:
1508:
1417:
1395:
1311:
1287:
1224:
1055:
with the airspace, the adverse effect on image performance is not severe. The front-element-focusing
637:-derived lenses were widely made by many manufacturers under different trade names. For example, the
306:
208:
145:
823:. It was not until Zeiss Ikon was developing the Contax camera to compete with the Leica that the
706:
529:
421:
ended up in East
Germany; Zeiss Jena developed a popular camera line named the 'Werra', after the
883:
808:
675:
577:
design, because
Rudolph's patent was very general. In the corresponding U.S. Patent, he claimed:
1112:
794:
1365:
1184:
1100:
109:
1349:
606:
1511:, "Unsymmetrisches Objektiv", published October 28, 1921, assigned to E. Leitz
1199:
1059:, cheaper than a unit-focusing lens, was widely used in many midrange Zeiss Ikon cameras.
909:
887:
879:
290:
1604:
1436:
1358:
120:
optical company and patented by Zeiss in
Germany; the lens type is usually known as the
921:
714:
567:
547:
153:
1616:
812:
786:
602:
448:
282:
117:
1129:
1085:
1068:
913:
805:
742:
352:, four) to indicate a design of four elements) of 1902. The frontal element of the
301:
lens, which had four elements in two cemented groups. Hugh L. Aldis patented the
149:
968:
847:/3,2 for use on the central-shutter SLR Zeiss Ikon Contaflex Super B cameras.
1583:
1117:
799:
1105:
1028:
1124:
722:
683:
418:
144:
design uses four spherical lens elements in three groups, one positive
17:
289:
replaces the single rear element of the Cooke triplet with a cemented
1095:
1090:
1078:
1073:
984:
687:
1153:(39th ed.). Carl Zeiss AG, Camera Lens Division. Archived from
999:
867:
666:
642:
425:
river which runs through the town. Many models were equipped with
422:
37:
601:
design patent was held by Zeiss for two decades, and licensed to
386:. In 1930, Ernst Wandersleb and Willy Merté from Zeiss developed
152:
element at the center and a negative concave flint glass element
658:
613:. Many other manufacturers tried to copy the design of the
379:, but by 1917, the maximum aperture had been increased to
1002:
MDC Minoxar 35mm/2.8 lens, a wide angle Tessar type lens.
407:
In 1925, E. Wandersleb and W. Merté of Zeiss created the
309:
in 1895; in one implementation, the front group from the
336:, maintaining the "air gap" of the previous part of the
297:
underwent a parallel evolution from Paul
Rudolph's 1890
156:
with a positive convex crown glass element at the rear.
758:, designed by Max Berek in 1920, was derived from the
1595:"Die Leica" 1933, No. 6. Was ist eigentlich "Elmar"?
1144:"From the series of articles on lens names: Tessar"
70:
62:
52:
44:
1357:
827:was redesigned to cover a 24Ă36 mm negative.
415:After World War II and the partitioning of Germany
912:DSC-P100, DSC-P200, and DSC-W330 as well as the
1364:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 81â102.
866:lenses, for example those equipped on certain
1481:
1479:
1459:
1457:
1260:
1258:
843:/4, and the wide-angle Pro Tessar 35 mm
766:lenses were used in the first Leica cameras.
762:, as they share the same general layout. The
566:"Solinar" redirects here. For the album, see
112:design conceived by the German physicist Dr.
8:
1503:
1501:
30:
1412:
1410:
1390:
1388:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1282:
1280:
1219:
1217:
622:by J. Stuart and J.W. Hasselkus, Gundlach
36:
645:M.D.C and GT-E is the fastest and widest
1213:
939:
928:T* FE 4/16-35mm ZA OSS. Sony also uses
432:
163:
1194:
1193:
1182:
129:. Since its introduction, millions of
29:
916:lenses such as Sony Alpha Carl Zeiss
437:improvements and derived lens designs
7:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
785:When the Leica was being developed,
372:appeared with a maximum aperture of
747:It is sometimes believed the Leitz
148:element at the front, one negative
1360:A History of the Photographic Lens
870:mobile phones, have only the name
573:Zeiss had strong control over the
25:
967:Carl Zeiss Tessar 50/2.8 lens on
1007:
992:
976:
960:
948:
540:
522:
506:
491:
475:
459:
441:
285:design, although it appears the
281:was not developed from the 1893
252:
232:
216:
196:
172:
1605:Sony Cyber-shot DSC-P100 review
1142:Nasse, H. Hubert (March 2011).
896:lenses also only have the name
116:in 1902 while he worked at the
1441:CJ's Classic Camera Collection
728:80mm (twin-lens-reflex design)
517:(Merté & Wandersleb, 1930)
501:(Merté & Wandersleb, 1925)
454:(Stuart & Hasselkus, 1913)
1:
924:) and Sony Alpha Carl Zeiss
900:in common with the original
874:in common with the original
344:design (from the Greek word
983:Tessar 40/3.5 lens made by
364:Improvements and evolutions
277:Despite common belief, the
1644:
1354:"6. The First Anastigmats"
740:
633:After the patent expired,
565:
96:2.8 (1930, by Willy Merté)
1623:Photographic lens designs
390:lenses with apertures of
317:design, resulting in the
35:
1465:GB Patent 191329637A
1266:GB Patent 189516640A
1244:GB Patent 189322607A
27:Photographic lens design
1046:Some lenses, including
920:T* E 4/16-70mm ZA OSS (
605:in the United Kingdom,
417:, the Zeiss factory at
1547:US Patent 2573511A
1528:US Patent 2084714A
1487:US Patent 1122895A
1151:Camera Lens News (CLN)
653:-type lenses include:
595:
293:doublet. Instead, the
168:and design antecedents
66:4 elements in 3 groups
1566:US Patent 721240A
1509:DE Patent 343086C
1418:DE Patent 451194C
1396:DE Patent 603325C
1312:DE Patent 142294C
1288:DE Patent 134408C
579:
1225:DE Patent 56109C
340:, thus creating the
789:tried a 50 mm
672:(some, but not all)
641:35/2.8 lens on the
356:, like that of the
32:
884:Nokia 808 Pureview
839:/4 and 85 mm
809:rangefinder camera
45:Introduced in
1350:Kingslake, Rudolf
1192:External link in
607:Bausch & Lomb
593:, US Pat. 721,240
110:photographic lens
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
1635:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1363:
1346:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1148:
1121:
1109:
1082:
1035:Focusing methods
1011:
996:
980:
971:Contessa camera.
964:
952:
803:
757:
755:
693:twin-lens-reflex
588:
553:(Tronnier, 1949)
544:
535:(Tronnier, 1935)
526:
510:
495:
479:
463:
445:
403:
401:
396:
394:
385:
383:
378:
376:
256:
236:
220:
200:
176:
95:
93:
87:
85:
79:
77:
40:
33:
21:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1348:
1347:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1191:
1181:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1136:Further reading
1115:
1103:
1076:
1065:
1037:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1003:
997:
988:
981:
972:
965:
956:
953:
938:
910:Sony Cyber-shot
888:Nokia Lumia 800
880:aspherical lens
860:
833:
811:was a modified
797:
753:
752:
745:
739:
731:
626:, and Berthiot
586:
585:
584:
571:
564:
562:-derived lenses
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
511:
502:
496:
487:
480:
471:
470:(Florian, 1913)
464:
455:
446:
399:
398:
392:
391:
381:
380:
374:
373:
366:
275:
268:
257:
248:
237:
228:
221:
212:
201:
192:
177:
162:
91:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
75:
74:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1588:
1576:
1557:
1538:
1519:
1497:
1475:
1453:
1428:
1406:
1384:
1370:
1322:
1298:
1276:
1254:
1235:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1169:(NB. English:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1036:
1033:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1004:
998:
991:
989:
982:
975:
973:
966:
959:
957:
954:
947:
945:
937:
934:
922:Sony SEL-1670Z
859:
849:
832:
829:
741:Main article:
738:
732:
730:
729:
720:
712:
704:
696:
681:
673:
664:
655:
568:Faraoni (band)
563:
557:
556:
555:
546:
539:
537:
528:
521:
519:
512:
505:
503:
497:
490:
488:
481:
474:
472:
465:
458:
456:
447:
440:
438:
365:
362:
305:lens line for
274:
271:
270:
269:
258:
251:
249:
238:
231:
229:
222:
215:
213:
202:
195:
193:
178:
171:
169:
161:
158:
98:
97:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1640:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1373:
1371:0-12-408640-3
1367:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1201:
1186:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1160:on 2013-02-17
1156:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1005:
1001:
995:
990:
986:
979:
974:
970:
963:
958:
951:
946:
943:
940:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
854:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
830:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:Cooke triplet
810:
807:
801:
796:
792:
788:
787:Oskar Barnack
783:
781:
776:
772:
769:Although the
767:
765:
761:
750:
744:
737:
733:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
711:
708:
705:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
663:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
594:
592:
583:
578:
576:
569:
561:
558:
552:
549:
543:
538:
534:
531:
525:
520:
516:
509:
504:
500:
494:
489:
486:(Berek, 1920)
485:
478:
473:
469:
462:
457:
453:
450:
444:
439:
436:
433:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
410:
405:
389:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Cooke triplet
280:
272:
266:
262:
255:
250:
246:
242:
235:
230:
227:(Aldis, 1895)
226:
219:
214:
210:
206:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
175:
170:
167:
164:
159:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
106:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
1628:Zeiss lenses
1600:
1591:
1579:
1560:
1541:
1522:
1444:. Retrieved
1440:
1431:
1377:26 September
1375:. Retrieved
1359:
1238:
1195:|quote=
1168:
1162:. Retrieved
1155:the original
1150:
1130:Elmar (lens)
1069:Pancake lens
1056:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1024:
1023:
941:
930:Vario-Tessar
929:
926:Vario-Tessar
925:
918:Vario-Tessar
917:
906:Vario-Tessar
905:
901:
897:
894:Vario-Tessar
893:
892:
882:, as in the
875:
871:
863:
861:
857:Vario-Tessar
856:
852:
844:
840:
836:
834:
824:
820:
816:
790:
784:
779:
774:
770:
768:
763:
759:
748:
746:
743:Elmar (lens)
735:
725:
717:
709:
701:
686:
678:
669:
661:
650:
646:
638:
634:
632:
630:by Florian.
627:
623:
619:
614:
610:
598:
596:
591:Paul Rudolph
581:
580:
574:
572:
559:
550:
532:
514:
498:
483:
467:
451:
434:
426:
413:
408:
406:
387:
369:
367:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
331:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
298:
294:
286:
278:
276:
260:
240:
224:
204:
184:
180:
165:
141:
139:
134:
130:
125:
124:
121:
114:Paul Rudolph
104:
103:
101:
63:Construction
57:Paul Rudolph
1116: [
1104: [
1077: [
1020:Common uses
798: [
751:50 mm
715:VoigtlÀnder
548:VoigtlÀnder
150:flint glass
146:crown glass
1617:Categories
1208:References
1172:; German:
1164:2013-06-08
969:Zeiss Ikon
831:Pro Tessar
699:Rodenstock
368:The first
358:Anastigmat
334:Anastigmat
327:Anastigmat
315:Anastigmat
311:Anastigmat
299:Anastigmat
291:achromatic
273:Beginnings
223:Dallmeyer
185:Anastigmat
88:4.5 (1907)
80:6.3 (1902)
1584:Bob Shell
1113:Flektogon
1029:enlargers
855:lenses /
851:Licensed
795:Max Berek
707:Schneider
530:Schneider
513:Improved
499:Biotessar
466:Berthiot
409:Biotessar
307:Dallmeyer
303:Stigmatic
225:Stigmatic
1352:(1989).
1185:cite web
1101:Distagon
1063:See also
890:camera.
804:for the
726:Yashinon
679:Industar
329:design.
154:cemented
71:Aperture
1437:"Werra"
1125:Hologon
1048:Tessars
914:E-mount
723:Yashica
695:design)
684:Minolta
662:Solinar
639:Minoxar
419:Eisfeld
350:téssera
346:ÏÎÏÏΔÏα
267:, 1902)
265:Rudolph
247:, 1899)
245:Rudolph
211:, 1893)
205:Triplet
191:, 1890)
189:Rudolph
160:History
18:Solinar
1572:
1553:
1534:
1515:
1493:
1471:
1446:18 May
1424:
1402:
1368:
1318:
1294:
1272:
1250:
1231:
1096:Biogon
1091:Sonnar
1086:Planar
1074:Biotar
1057:Tessar
1052:Tessar
1041:Tessar
1025:Tessar
985:Rollei
944:lenses
942:Tessar
936:Design
904:. The
902:Tessar
898:Tessar
876:Tessar
872:Tessar
864:Tessar
862:Other
853:Tessar
825:Tessar
791:Tessar
780:Tessar
771:Tessar
760:Tessar
734:Leitz
718:Skopar
691:75mm (
688:Rokkor
651:Tessar
647:Tessar
635:Tessar
620:Xpress
615:Tessar
611:Tessar
599:Tessar
587:
575:Tessar
560:Tessar
551:Skopar
515:Tessar
482:Leitz
452:Xpress
435:Tessar
427:Tessar
388:Tessar
370:Tessar
354:Tessar
342:Tessar
295:Tessar
287:Tessar
279:Tessar
261:Tessar
259:Zeiss
239:Zeiss
209:Taylor
203:Cooke
181:Protar
179:Zeiss
166:Tessar
142:Tessar
135:Tessar
131:Tessar
126:Tessar
105:Tessar
53:Author
31:Tessar
1158:(PDF)
1147:(PDF)
1120:]
1108:]
1081:]
1000:Minox
868:Nokia
821:Elmar
817:Elmax
806:Leica
802:]
775:Elmar
764:Elmar
749:Elmar
736:Elmar
710:Xenar
670:Ektar
667:Kodak
643:Minox
624:Radar
533:Xenar
484:Elmar
423:Werra
183:(aka
122:Zeiss
118:Zeiss
108:is a
1448:2023
1379:2024
1366:ISBN
1200:help
886:and
773:and
756:/3.5
702:Ysar
659:Agfa
628:Olor
603:Ross
597:The
468:Olor
449:Ross
402:/2.8
397:and
395:/3.5
384:/4.5
377:/6.3
338:Unar
323:Unar
319:Unar
241:Unar
140:The
133:and
102:The
48:1902
676:KMZ
1619::
1500:^
1478:^
1456:^
1439:.
1409:^
1387:^
1356:.
1325:^
1301:^
1279:^
1257:^
1216:^
1189::
1187:}}
1183:{{
1175:,
1167:.
1149:.
1118:de
1106:de
1079:de
800:de
782:.
404:.
187:;
1450:.
1381:.
1202:)
1198:(
1178:)
987:.
845:f
841:f
837:f
754:f
589:â
570:.
400:f
393:f
382:f
375:f
348:(
263:(
243:(
207:(
94:/
92:f
86:/
84:f
78:/
76:f
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
