Fraternities and sororities

657: 273: 974:" hearken to the effort to rush to meet incoming trains filled with new classmates and delegations of freshmen students, where bids were offered and lapel pins then "spiked" the new fellow to mark him as a new member of the fraternity which he opted to join. Baird's further indicates that the tradition was adopted from English boarding schools, similarly jostling to recruit incoming prospects, which the aggressive fraternities found to be "handy to imitate". Variations of Rush Week continued to evolve, some offering immediate recruitment and some deferred until the second half of freshman year, or even into the second year. Formal recruitment on all, or virtually all campuses continues as a defined Rush week, while many campuses and most chapters offer ongoing "informal rush" to welcome potential members, amounting to hundreds of thousands of new members every year. 460: 1686: 445: 1052: 1032: 297: 904:

chapters are generally grouped in a national or international organization that sets standards, regulates insignia and ritual, publishes a journal or magazine for all of the chapters of the organization, and has the power to grant and revoke charters to chapters. These federal structures are largely governed by alumni members of the fraternity, though with some input from the active (student) members.

945: 3664:"Revised codes were issued every few years, but not many important changes were made in them. Provisions with regard to the hours of 'athletic exercises and sport' were added in 1847. In the same revision, there appeared for the first time the 'peculiar' Oberlin rule against secret societies. 'No student,' it runs, 'is permitted to join any secret society or military company.'" 57: 926: 1462: 1161: 1853:– a pin worn by pledges for the duration of the pledging period. It is usually given to a pledge following a ceremony when they are first offered membership in the organization and can be worn until their initiation. With some organizations, especially those that no longer have a pledge process, it may be called a new member pin. See also badge. 405:. Their early growth was widely opposed by university administrators, though the increasing influence of fraternity alumni, as well as several high-profile court cases, succeeded in largely muting opposition by the 1880s. The first fraternity meeting hall, or lodge, seems to have been that of the Alpha Epsilon chapter of Chi Psi at the 1795:– in this context used as a definition of expelling from a community or group. This means that a person may not be accepted by any fraternity or sorority because of the negative reputation they gained at a particular group. This is usually an informal discussion made by the presidents or rush chairs of the fraternities or sororities. 1096:

and horseplay, in which I cooperated as in a kind of pleasant nightmare, confident, even when branded with a red-hot iron or doused head-over-heels in boiling oil, that it would come out all right. The neophyte is effectively blindfolded during the proceedings, and at last, still sightless, I was led

987:

A new member period may last anywhere from one weekend to several months. During this time, new members might participate in almost all aspects of the life of the fraternity or sorority, but most likely not be permitted to hold office in the organization. After the new member period, a second vote of

1582:

Fraternities have often been accused of fostering rape-supportive attitudes by promoting male dominance and brotherhood, and fraternity affiliation has been found to be a significant predictor of sexually predatory behavior in retrospective research. Sexual assault is such a common occurrence among

1515:

In 2007, an anti-hazing hotline was set up to report incidents of hazing on college campuses. Currently, 46 national fraternity and sorority organizations support the toll-free number, which generates automatic email messages regarding hazing and sends them to the national headquarters directly from

1511:

Supporters of fraternities note that national fraternity organizations almost universally prohibit hazing, and the occurrence of hazing in undergraduate fraternity chapters goes against official policy. Others say that hazing is not unique to Greek-letter organizations and is often reported in other

1022:

Usually, the more expensive the house the higher the annual organization dues. The features and size of Greek houses play a major role in chapters remaining competitive in recruiting and retaining members on many campuses. At some, often small colleges, fraternities and sororities occupy a specific

1018:

Unique among most campus organizations, members of social Greek letter organizations usually congregate and sometimes live together in large houses generally privately owned by the organization itself, or by the organization's alumni association. Often fraternities and sorority houses, called lodges

979:

Today, most Greek letter organizations select potential members through a two-part process of vetting and probation, called rushing and pledging, respectively. During rush (recruitment), students attend designated social events, and sometimes formal interviews, hosted by the chapters of fraternities

983:

Those applicants who receive a bid, and choose to accept it, are considered to have "pledged" the fraternity or sorority, thus beginning the pledge period (new member period). Students participating in rush are known as "rushees", Potential New Members "PNMs", while students who have accepted a bid

525:(NPC) serves as the umbrella organization for 26 international sororities. Founded in 1902, NPC is one of the oldest and largest women's membership organizations, representing more than four million women at 655 college and university campuses and 4,500 local alumni chapters in the U.S. and Canada. 1362:

questioned the existence of exclusive clubs on campuses that are meant to facilitate independence, writing "Colleges should be cultivating the kind of sensibility that makes you a better citizen of a diverse and distressingly fractious society. How is that served by retreating into an exclusionary

1118:

The fraternity or sorority badge is an enduring symbol of membership in a Greek letter organization. Most fraternities also have assumed heraldic achievements. Members of fraternities and sororities address members of the same organization as "brother" (in the case of fraternities) or "sister" (in

1023:

section of university-owned housing provided to them. Some fraternities and sororities are un-housed, with members providing their accommodations. In many of these cases, the fraternity or sorority owns or rents a non-residential clubhouse on or off campus to use for meetings and other activities.

835:

have opted to become co-educational and admit female members; however, these generally represent a minority of Greek-letter organizations and no such fraternity is currently a member of the North American Interfraternity Conference, the largest international association of fraternities. The first

327:

in 1775. The founding of Phi Beta Kappa followed the earlier establishment of two other secret student societies that had existed on that campus as early as 1750. In 1779 Phi Beta Kappa expanded to include chapters at Harvard and Yale. By the early 19th century, the organization transformed itself

1990:

is the name of the seminal reference for the Greek Letter Organization world, published in twenty successive volumes over 140 years. It lists national organizations and their chapters, American and Canadian schools and their chapters, and provides extensive introductory material and appendices to

1323:

only that, but researchers at Union College studied the effects of Greek life membership on the incomes of those who participated when attending university versus those who did not. Researchers found that those that had participated had incomes higher than their non-Greek peers by as much as 36%.

1322:

There is a high representation of former Greek life members among certain elites in the United States. Greek members "are more likely to be thriving in their well-being and engaged at work than college graduates who did not go Greek," according to a study done by Gallup and Purdue University. Not

517:

The development of fraternities for women during this time was a major accomplishment in the way of women's rights and equality. By mere existence, these organizations were defying the odds; the founding women were able to advance their organizations despite many factors working against them. The

1594:

Researchers have found that in predominantly male environments, such as fraternities, athletics, and military groups, men feel pressure to meet the group's standard of masculinity, which may contribute to men being more accepting of sexual violence. Nicholas Syrett, a professor of history at the

1590:

Attitudes towards women learned in fraternity life can perpetuate fraternity men's lifelong attitudes, leading to the potential to commit sexual assault and rape after college life. Studies show that women in sororities are almost twice as likely to experience rape than other college women. A

903:

Individual chapters of fraternities and sororities are largely self-governed by their active (student) members; however, alumni members may retain legal ownership of the fraternity or sorority's property through an alumni chapter or alumni corporation. All of a single fraternity or sorority's

1069:

After an initiation ritual, the organization's secret motto, secret purpose, and secret identification signs, such as handshakes and passwords, are usually revealed to its new members. Some fraternities also teach initiates an identity search device used to confirm fellow fraternity members.

959:

Before 1900, the expansion of fraternal housing and competition among fraternities led to increasingly aggressive recruitment among the social fraternities, which had hitherto followed the methodical process of tapping and individualized invitations that are still present among honorary and

1349:

Greek letter organizations have often been characterized as elitist or exclusionary associations, organized for the benefit of a largely white, upper-class membership base. Members of fraternities and sororities disproportionately come from certain socio-economic demographics. Fraternities

894:

changed its student conduct code to bar members of single-sex groups from leading campus groups, serving as captains of sports teams, or participating in valuable academic fellowships. This is being contested vigorously in U.S. federal court by several affected fraternities and sororities.

1314:. Gamma Sigma Alpha acknowledges Greek members who hold a 3.5 GPA in upper-division classes. Order of Omega recognizes the top 3% of Greek members who exemplify leadership qualities. Greek honor societies provide lifetime membership with opportunities such as scholarships and networking. 1101:

Meetings and rituals are sometimes conducted in what is known as a chapter room located inside the fraternity's house. Entry into chapter rooms is often prohibited to all but the initiated. In one extreme case, the response of firefighters to a blaze signaled by an automated alarm at the

1019:

or chapter houses, are located on the same street or in close quarters within the same neighborhood, which may be colloquially known as "Greek row", "frat row", or "sorority row". Often, chapter houses are uniquely designed, highly elaborate, and very expensive to operate and maintain.

1210:

found that white and higher-income Princeton students are much more likely than other Princeton students to be in fraternities and sororities. Senior surveys from the classes of 2009 and 2010 showed that 77 percent of sorority members and 73 percent of fraternity members were white.

518:

first "Women's Fraternities" not only had to overcome "restrictive social customs, unequal status under the law and the underlying presumption that they were less able than men," but at the same time had to deal with the same challenges as fraternities with college administrations.

1829:– a rushee who is related to a member of the same fraternity or sorority they are rushing is almost always offered a bid. Traditionally a legacy has a parent or sibling that is a member, but some organizations have expanded on their definition of a legacy's relation to members. 630:. The now-defunct Patriotic and Progressive Rizal Center Academic Brotherhood (Rizal Center Fraternity), a brotherhood of Jose Rizal followers, was founded in 1913. This was followed by the Rizal Center Sorority. The first Greek-letter organization and fraternity in Asia, the 1066:. While the identity of members or officers is rarely concealed, fraternities and sororities initiate members following the pledge period through sometimes elaborate private rituals, frequently drawn or adopted from Masonic ritual practice or that of the Greek mysteries. 1477:, sometimes committed by active undergraduate members against their chapter's pledges. Hazing during the pledge period can sometimes culminate in an event commonly known as "Hell Week" in which a week-long series of physical and mental torments are inflicted on pledges. 980:

and sororities in which they have particular interests. Usually, after a potential new member has attended several such events, officers or current members meet privately to vote on whether or not to extend an invitation, known as a "bid", to the prospective applicant.

811:

Fraternities and sororities traditionally have been single-sex organizations, with fraternities consisting exclusively of men and sororities consisting exclusively of women. In the United States, fraternities and sororities have a statutory exemption from

1335:

survey of 30,000 university alumni found that persons who said they had been members of Greek-letter organizations while undergraduates reported having a greater sense of purpose, as well as better social and physical well-being, than those who had not.

4526:

Seabrook, Rita C.; Ward, L. Monique; Giaccardi, Soraya (January 2018). "Why is fraternity membership associated with sexual assault? Exploring the roles of conformity to masculine norms, pressure to uphold masculinity, and objectification of women".

3684:

D. Secret Societies: "No secret society is allowed at Oberlin, and no other societies or self-perpetuating organizations are allowed among students, except by permission of the faculty. This is to be understood to include social and rooming-house

1418:

Studies have shown that fraternity and sorority members are more likely than the average college student to use or abuse drugs. Since the 1990s, fraternity members have experienced an increase of over 400% in the recreational use of prescription

1410:. In comparison, other research suggests 2 out of 5 college students overall are regular binge drinkers." There is also a higher rate of alcohol-related deaths and injuries among fraternities, which has resulted in many lawsuits and suspensions. 553:. One such group of Americans organized Chi Phi at Edinburgh; however, during the Theta chapter's existence, it initiated no non-American members. With declining American enrollment at European universities, Chi Phi at Edinburgh closed in 1870. 999:

Membership in more than one fraternity or sorority is acceptable, but only in accordance within specific Greek councils. Recently, some Greek-letter organizations have replaced the term "pledge" with that of "associate member" or "new member".

1658:, fewer opportunities to use the networking system built into Greek life, and the use of harmful stereotypes. In response to experiencing racism and exclusion from solely or predominantly white GLOs, black and multicultural GLOs were founded. 1097:

down flights of steps into a silent crypt and helped into a coffin, where I was to stay until the Resurrection...Thus it was that just as my father passed from this earth, I was lying in a coffin during my initiation into Delta Kappa Epsilon.

1627:

It is common for members of Greek-letter organizations to have higher-than-average GPAs due to test and homework banks filled over the years by members of their organization. There is much backlash condemning the test and homework banks as

1290:

Studies have found that university graduation rates are 20 percent higher among members of Greek-letter organizations than among non-members, and students who are members of fraternities and sororities typically have higher-than-average

2304:, originally Georgia Female College and now simply Wesleyan College, was the origin of the first two sororities, both the Adelphean Society and the Philomathean Society. The Adelphean, founded in 1851, eventually became 1841:– a fraternity or sorority with two or more chapters, both of which are in the same nation (in the case of a national), or at least one of which is in a different nation from the others (in the case of an international). 1561:

brokerages. According to the report, recent graduates have been known to exchange the secret handshakes of their fraternities with executives whom they know are also members to obtain access to competitive appointments.

995:

Many Greek-letter organizations give preferential consideration for pledging to candidates whose parent or sibling was a member of the same fraternity or sorority. Such prospective candidates are known as "legacies".

1599:, has been a vocal critic of the evolution of fraternities in the 20th century. In 2011, Syrett stated that "fraternal masculinity has, for at least 80 years, valorized athletics, alcohol abuse, and sex with women." 656: 2858: 413:, in 1845, leading to a tradition in that fraternity to name its buildings "lodges". As fraternity membership was punishable by expulsion at many colleges at this time, the house was located deep in the woods. 1618:

To protect their fraternity's brotherhood, fraternity men and athletes may not confront or report sexual assault when it happens. Perpetrators have often received little to no consequences for their actions.

733:

Although many of the religion-specific requirements for many fraternities and sororities have been relaxed or removed, there are some today that continue to rally around their faith as a focal point, such as

1578:

because of the pressure to meet the hyper-masculine standards that fraternities expect of their members. Overall, fraternity men are shown to have more rape-supportive attitudes than non-fraternity men.

882:

to accept transgender members, or those identifying as male, to join the social fraternity. Several sororities have adjusted their policies to confirm that transgender prospective members are allowable.

1394:

did not prohibit fraternities, but to improve campus social conditions, in 1995 mandated that all students would be required to live and eat on campus; the college also bought the fraternity houses.

1295:. One reason for this may be that many chapters require their members to maintain a certain academic standard, while a more well-supported reason is that Greek-letter organizations often maintain 272: 5497: 2054: 1641: 583:, was established in Toronto in 1887. By 1927 there were 42 fraternity and sorority chapters at the University of Toronto and 23 at McGill University. A few chapters were also reported at the 238: 1729:(also "sweetheart" or "little brother/sister" group) is an unofficial, unsanctioned partner organization to a fraternity or sorority, usually for members of the opposite sex. The two largest 6018: 4106: 759: 219:, host parties, provide "finishing" training for new members such as instruction on etiquette, dress, and manners, and create networking opportunities for their newly graduated members. 3518: 1366:

Some colleges and universities have banned Greek letter organizations, with the reasoning that they are, by their nature and structure, elitist and exclusionary. The oldest ban was at

855:. These organizations are similar to social fraternities and sororities, except they are coed and non-residential. Similarly, in the United States, professional fraternities, such as 556:

Nine years following Chi Phi's abortive colonization of the University of Edinburgh, a second attempt was made to transplant the fraternity system outside the United States. In 1879,

2711: 5573: 4011: 4152: 2312:. Together, these sororities are known as the Macon Magnolias. Several other unrelated Philomathean Societies emerged during the 19th century, including literary societies at the 5540: 5449: 3203: 1110:

in 2003 was hampered in part because fraternity members refused to disclose to emergency responders the location of the hidden chapter room, where the conflagration had erupted.

1611:

has denounced fraternities as breeding "sexism and misogyny that lasts long after college". In her column, Bennett recounts that, while she was an undergraduate student at the

2761: 2252: 1508:

have been reported. Hazing, in many cases, has been reported and has led to the permanent disposal of particular chapters of fraternities and sororities across the country.

6106: 5578: 817: 643: 3063: 1591:

research article studied campus demographics and reported rapes and found that campuses that report more rapes have more fraternity men, athletes and liquor violations.

4571: 2893: 2870: 1306:

to continue their membership. Greek members who maintain high GPAs are invited to join notable Greek honor societies. The two most notable Greek honor societies are:

1203:, or about three percent of the total population. Roughly 750,000 of the current fraternity and sorority members are students who belong to an undergraduate chapter. 5244: 2018:

For example, Phi Kappa Tau and Alpha Xi Delta both have provisions in their respective Constitutions that they can accept graduate students as well as undergraduates

798:. The formation of this Greek organization allowed for the emergence of a multicultural fraternity and sorority movement, giving birth to a multicultural movement. 249:. Many colleges and universities have sought to reform or eliminate them due to these concerns, but these efforts have typically been met with intense controversy. 2681: 1741:, ban the formation of or discourage membership in auxiliary groups. Some fraternities and sororities outside of these conferences also ban auxiliaries, including 453: 5487: 3191:

This was, of course, all very collegiate for that long-ago time, and—except the "red-hot iron" and "boiling oil" references, if taken too literally—quite typical.

1013: 3882: 2527: 1443:

is more common among fraternity members than other college students. Fraternity members also abuse amphetamines at double the rate than their non-college peers.

5885: 5568: 992:

system. New members who pass this second vote are invited to a formal and secret ritual of initiation into the organization, advancing them to full membership.

751: 4475:

Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D.; Jozkowski, Kristen N.; Martinez, Taylor (June 22, 2017). "An empirical investigation of campus demographics and reported rapes".

3695: 4958: 2016: 1893: 1888: 4598:

Jozkowski, Kristen N.; Wiersma-Mosley, Jacquelyn D. (February 2017). "The Greek System: How Gender Inequality and Class Privilege Perpetuate Rape Culture".

3288: 4257:

Bleecker, Timothy E.; Murnen, Sarah K. (October 2005). "Fraternity Membership, the Display of Degrading Sexual Images of Women, and Rape Myth Acceptance".

783:, officially formed in 1998, is a coordinating body of 19 Greek organizations, including nine fraternities, and ten sororities with cultural affiliations. 5019: 3954: 6508: 6350: 5832: 5507: 2798: 1908: 651: 3832: 459: 6102: 5442: 5143: 4733: 3326: 1734: 879: 776: 755: 4634: 2411: 2061: 6853: 5787: 5550: 5512: 1918: 31: 4707: 4342:

Auster, Carol J; Leone, Janel M (2001). "Late adolescents' perspectives on marital rape: The impact of gender and fraternity/sorority membership".

3984: 5545: 3040: 953: 1119:

the case of sororities). The names of almost all fraternities and sororities consist of a sequence of two or three Greek letters, for instance,

5105: 1275: 5176: 3526: 5590: 5560: 3575: 2502: 2026: 769: 6848: 5502: 5435: 2700: 1685: 1456: 780: 246: 242: 545:, marking the first foray of the American social fraternity outside the borders of the United States. At the time, many students from the 4203: 2954: 2832: 1551:

in later life, while supporters have applauded them for creating networking opportunities for members after graduation. A 2013 report by

5555: 1928: 852: 510:, meaning "sister," "cousin, daughter of a father's brother," or "female friend." The first organization to use the term "sorority" was 2725: 521:

Today, both social and multicultural sororities are present on more than 650 college campuses across the United States and Canada. The

4241: 4021: 3092: 2935: 2390: 2151: 1964: 1447:

use is also more prevalent among fraternity and sorority members compared to college men and women not in fraternities or sororities.

1350:

specifically have been criticized for what is perceived as their promotion of an excessively alcohol-fueled, party-focused lifestyle.

1516:

the National Anti-Hazing Hotline. Every year, the last week of September is considered to be National Hazing Prevention Week (NHPW).

4769: 4749: 4160: 3790: 3153: 2772: 2596: 2571: 1612: 1390:

has never permitted fraternities or sororities as it maintains a policy that all student organizations have membership open to all.

1004:, in 2014, abolished pledging altogether. Potential members are now immediately initiated into the fraternity upon accepting a bid. 837: 768:

and cultural backgrounds. This began with historically White fraternities and sororities excluding African Americans due to racism.

96: 4998: 2128: 1040: 600: 4855: 3924: 3549: 2249: 3721: 2476: 1759: 668: 74: 3910: 171:

students as well. Individual fraternities and sororities vary in organization and purpose, but most share five common elements:

5482: 5172: 5139: 3318: 3108: 2196: 1805: 1738: 1615:, doormen at fraternity parties "often ranked women on a scale of 1 to 10, with only 'sixes' and up granted entry to a party". 1596: 522: 197: 1769:

a pin worn by an initiated member of a fraternity or sorority. In the 19th and early 20th century, badges were also worn as a

6280: 1823:– a member of a fraternity characterized by a way of dressing and a homogeneous behavior as other members of that fraternity. 1165: 584: 432:

acquired one. Chapters of many fraternities followed suit, purchasing and, less often, building them with support of alumni.

4937: 4897: 2897: 1801:– a room inside a fraternity house, often secret or hidden, where meetings or actives occur and where rituals are performed. 764:

Numerous Greek organizations in the past have enacted formal and informal prohibitions on pledging individuals of different

4876: 3492: 886:

Importantly, all these variants have stemmed from a process of self-determination, without challenge by other Greeks. In a

444: 6330: 6214: 5314: 5252: 5066: 3084: 2114: 627: 604: 2984: 482:

Sororities, originally called women's fraternities, began to develop in 1851 with the formation of the Adelphean Society

78: 67: 1898: 1730: 1608: 4102:"Behavior differences seven months later: Effects of a rape prevention program on first-year men who join fraternities" 2671: 2531: 1787:– an official or unofficial list of people not allowed inside the house or to any events of the fraternity or sorority. 6066: 5492: 3782: 2087:"Fraternities & Sororities at Queen's: Your Thoughts - Alma Mater Society - Queen's University Student Government" 2032: 1754: 1232: 765: 324: 281: 43: 39: 5335: 1749:. Part of the rationale behind banning auxiliary groups is that such groups could jeopardize the host organizations' 779:, and students of various ethnicities have come together to form a council of multicultural Greek organizations. The 4728: 3699: 3628: 3434: 3262: 1722:– a member of a sorority or fraternity who is no longer an undergraduate student and no longer resides in the house. 622:

The arrival of the fraternity system in Asia accompanied the introduction of the American educational system in the

6423: 5673: 5278: 3674: 3603: 2866: 2313: 913: 664: 608: 506:, Frank Smalley, who felt the word "fraternity" was inappropriate for a group of ladies. The word comes from Latin 398: 3377: 2339: 1386:, often ban fraternities and sororities because they are seen as a violation of the Quaker principle of equality. 4424: 3296: 1268: 795: 4674: 3752:"2007–2008 Rights & Responsibilities Handbook, Appendix B: University Policy on Fraternities and Sororities" 1991:

list, for example, politicians, entertainers, and sports leaders who have a Greek Letter affiliation. Today the

1809:– a newly established chapter of a national/international fraternity or sorority in the process of organization. 6234: 5030: 3962: 1374:

banned "secret societies" (fraternities and sororities) in 1847, and the prohibition continues to the present.

1224: 1044: 436:

chapter home at Cornell, completed in 1902, is the oldest such house still occupied by its fraternal builders.

4918: 3408: 1527:

were sentenced to prison after pleading guilty to charges related to the hazing. Other incidents included the

4942: 4902: 4639: 4153:"A Prospective Analysis of Sexual Assault Perpetration: Risk Factors Related to Perpetrator Characteristics" 4047: 3896: 3462: 2447: 2398: 2159: 1528: 1107: 538: 429: 164: 2637: 816:

legislation prohibiting this type of gender exclusion within student groups, and organizations such as the

486:, though fraternity-like organizations for women didn't take their current form until the establishment of 5855: 5753: 5519: 5026: 4169: 3806: 2422: 612: 596: 406: 372: 285: 223: 4786:

W. Hughey, Matthew (2010). "A Paradox of Participation: Nonwhites in White Sororities and Fraternities".

4292:

Lackie, Leandra; de Man, Anton (1997). "Correlates of Sexual Aggression Among Male University Students".

2146:(20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. I-10, I-13, I-20, VI-128–132. 2086: 6756: 6641: 6184: 6092: 5668: 5212: 4840: 1742: 1702: 1575: 1532: 1220: 634:, was founded in 1918. The first Greek-letter sorority, UP Sigma Beta Sorority, was recognized in 1932. 561: 387: 360: 340: 1051: 1031: 960:

professional fraternities. In an introductory article about the nature and history of Fraternal life,

428:

became the first fraternity to own a residential house in the South when, in 1880, its chapter at the

6224: 6164: 6149: 5759: 1863: 1557:

found that fraternity connections are influential in obtaining lucrative employment positions at top

1367: 1303: 1292: 1279: 1231:

companies are members of fraternities and sororities. In addition, 85 percent of all justices of the

1207: 920: 828: 592: 383: 208: 186: 5117: 4977: 4830: 4174: 2100: 1574:

than other men on college campuses. Fraternity pledges are at a higher likelihood to commit rape or

296: 6822: 6796: 6661: 6611: 6556: 6340: 6295: 6119: 6056: 5807: 5283: 5187: 4075: 3751: 2321: 1629: 1584: 1520: 1387: 1188: 1140: 1136: 1085: 1077: 1001: 848: 588: 569: 549:

were moving to Europe to study because of the disrepair southern universities fell into during the

503: 410: 332: 305: 234: 144: 3175: 3141: 2269: 1199:

There are approximately nine million student and alumni members of fraternities and sororities in

6521: 6169: 6061: 6051: 5973: 5943: 5782: 5708: 4811: 4803: 4576: 4552: 4508: 4398: 4309: 4274: 4195: 4123: 3633: 1883: 1403: 1264: 934: 891: 791: 696: 647: 550: 421: 309: 1933: 1817:– a disposable coat wore to a fraternity party, coined from the words "fraternity" and "jacket". 5365: 5216: 6776: 6711: 6701: 6671: 6666: 6606: 6498: 6473: 6453: 6438: 6408: 6383: 6368: 6358: 6290: 6254: 6219: 6204: 6154: 6129: 6026: 6003: 5845: 5802: 5777: 5767: 5688: 5683: 5610: 5600: 4835: 4655: 4615: 4544: 4500: 4492: 4447: 4390: 4351: 4237: 4187: 3786: 3088: 2962: 2931: 2807: 2592: 2567: 2386: 2147: 2022: 1960: 1847:– a probationary member of a fraternity or sorority, sometimes also called "associate member." 1481: 1307: 1248: 1184: 1172: 1120: 1092:

I was initiated into a college secret society—a couple of hours of grotesque and good-humored

962: 875: 739: 726:

students began to establish their own fraternities in 1895 and 1920, with the first one being

631: 580: 565: 495: 491: 449: 3243: 2726:"Office of Student Affairs -- Organizations and Activities -- Pi Alpha Tau Papers, 1963-1991" 6636: 6626: 6443: 6378: 6310: 6209: 6179: 6134: 6124: 6114: 6041: 6036: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5840: 5812: 5797: 5728: 5703: 5240: 4860: 4795: 4754: 4712: 4607: 4536: 4484: 4439: 4382: 4301: 4266: 4179: 4115: 3467: 3147: 2912: 2736: 2676: 2301: 1746: 1694: 1485: 1391: 1379: 1332: 1180: 1144: 1073: 1063: 984:

to a specific fraternity or sorority are known as "new members" or in some cases "pledges".

938: 787: 735: 680: 616: 463: 301: 3229: 6766: 6736: 6731: 6721: 6716: 6696: 6686: 6621: 6616: 6591: 6566: 6561: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6516: 6488: 6463: 6433: 6398: 6388: 6320: 6305: 6285: 6275: 6249: 6174: 6144: 6139: 6008: 5993: 5963: 5948: 5875: 5865: 5822: 5772: 5743: 5738: 5693: 5630: 5625: 5605: 5113: 4959:"The 'Abolish Greek Life' Movement Calls for an End to Toxic Fraternity, Sorority Culture" 4692: 4052: 3985:"9 Louisiana State frat members arrested and chapter closed over alleged hazing incidents" 3439: 3118: 3113: 2256: 1913: 1655: 1603: 1420: 1383: 1371: 1236: 1192: 1036: 949: 930: 856: 844: 832: 716: 711:(1959), catered to students belonging with certain denominations of Christianity, such as 708: 688: 660: 573: 433: 425: 417: 368: 178: 168: 3729: 843:

Much more commonly, coed fraternities exist in the form of service fraternities, such as

5306: 5147: 4807: 3883:"Missouri fraternity sued over alcohol-induced brain injuries to 2021 Eden Prairie grad" 128: 6827: 6751: 6646: 6428: 6403: 6373: 6363: 6315: 6300: 6259: 6244: 6229: 6194: 6082: 6046: 6031: 5998: 5908: 5860: 5792: 5733: 5723: 5678: 5635: 5620: 4016: 3932: 3857: 3064:"TikTok user shares experience managing 'millions of dollars' for her Alabama sorority" 3045: 2930:(20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. I-2 and ff. 2706: 2305: 1923: 1647: 1553: 1497: 1407: 1354: 1311: 1244: 1176: 1135:. There are a few exceptions to this general rule, as in the case of the fraternities 860: 704: 546: 511: 499: 483: 471: 467: 382:, officially formed in 1854, traces its roots to a short-lived organization founded at 320: 289: 204: 184:

Selection of new members based on a two-part vetting and probationary process known as

122: 6842: 6771: 6746: 6741: 6726: 6656: 6571: 6551: 6546: 6325: 6199: 6159: 5968: 5958: 5953: 5870: 5850: 5698: 5645: 5615: 5468: 4815: 4556: 4313: 4278: 4230: 4127: 3580: 3014: 1903: 1536: 1524: 1256: 1200: 1168: 727: 692: 336: 316: 277: 262: 110: 35: 4512: 4402: 4370: 4199: 3330: 2204: 416:

The first residential chapter home, built by a fraternity, is believed to have been

137: 6761: 6651: 6189: 6087: 5918: 5913: 5898: 5817: 5718: 5713: 5650: 5420: 5003: 3657: 2317: 1947: 1791: 1783: 1698: 1670: 1505: 1252: 1240: 989: 864: 216: 152: 4488: 3519:"Fraternity and Sorority Membership Linked to Higher Well-Being for College Grads" 5390: 3774: 3078: 2227: 564:. Zeta Psi's success in Toronto prompted it to open a second Canadian chapter at 6817: 6812: 6791: 6631: 6468: 6458: 6448: 6413: 5923: 5893: 5640: 2859:"Recognition and Governance of Undergraduate Social Fraternities and Sororities" 1995:

has been replaced by an online Archive maintained by the University of Illinois.

1666: 1558: 1432: 1359: 1260: 1228: 1132: 1093: 1056: 944: 824: 712: 623: 487: 402: 394: 356: 352: 5074: 3352: 335:, the first fraternity to retain its social characteristic, was established at 6418: 6239: 5427: 4982: 4305: 4270: 2992: 2562:

Brown, Tamara L.; Parks, Gregory S.; Phillips, Clarenda M. (January 1, 2012).

1674: 1662: 1493: 1424: 887: 700: 258: 160: 4799: 4619: 4548: 4496: 4386: 4183: 2811: 2672:"Why One School Decided To Make All Of Its Fraternities And Sororities Co-Ed" 2503:"XIAO TIME, 18 June 2013: Ika-105 na Anibersaryo ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas" 30:

This article is about the student social organizations. For other types, see

6706: 6691: 6601: 6581: 6576: 6493: 6478: 6393: 6335: 5903: 4443: 4425:"Correlates of rape while intoxicated in a national sample of college women" 2325: 2289: 2259:, accessed October 16, 2015. The chapter has since moved to larger quarters. 1770: 1690: 1489: 1461: 1444: 1128: 1124: 1103: 348: 344: 4504: 4451: 4394: 4355: 4191: 4119: 2412:"Adventure in Friendship: A History of The National Panhellenic Conference" 1547:

Critics of Greek-letter organizations assert that they create a culture of

4999:"Pledging change: the transgender college students integrating Greek life" 4423:

Mohler-Kuo, Meichun; Dowdall, George; Koss, Mary; Wechsler, Henry (2004).

3775:"Coeducation after a Decade of Coordination. The Case of Hamilton College" 1473:

Fraternities, and to a lesser extent sororities, have been criticized for

925: 17: 6681: 6676: 6596: 6586: 5984: 5343: 4881: 4708:"Professors warned about popular learning tool used by students to cheat" 1750: 1713:– an initiated, undergraduate student member of a fraternity or sorority. 1548: 1440: 868: 813: 722:

Due to their exclusion from Christian fraternities in the United States,

557: 542: 5177:"Protecting the Right of NPC Members to Remain Women-Only Organizations" 3676:

Student Regulations, Policies, and Procedures, Oberlin College 2011–2012

1480:

Common hazing practices include sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation,

1160: 6786: 6781: 4611: 4540: 4151:

Loh, Catherine; Gidycz, Christine; Lobo, Tracy; Luthra, Rohini (2005).

3576:"Sorry, nerds: Fraternity brothers have more fulfilling lives later on" 3385: 2564:

African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision

1813: 1570:

Studies show that fraternity men are three times more likely to commit

1436: 672: 534: 379: 364: 230: 148: 3659:

A History of Oberlin College from Its Foundation Through the Civil War

2799:"Harvard's policy against single-sex clubs was meant to protect women" 1779:– an offer to become a pledge (see below) of a fraternity or sorority. 1587:, is commonly referred to by the nickname, "Sexual Assault Expected". 871:

amendments, as are any fraternities that are not social fraternities.

6483: 3779:

Going Coed: Women's Experiences in Formerly Men's Colleges, 1950–2000

2522: 2520: 2451: 2309: 1717: 1705:

and Daniel William Cooper and an unidentified woman at a 1909 reunion

1651: 1501: 1474: 1466: 1428: 1375: 723: 475: 4101: 3550:"Here's how much more money you could make just from joining a frat" 823:

Since the mid-20th century, a small number of fraternities, such as

211:, ciphers, badges, grips, hand signs, passwords, flowers, and colors 3833:"Hazing deaths on American college campuses remain far too common" 3435:"FratPAC Lobbies Congress For Tax Breaks, To Stop Anti-Hazing Law" 2894:"ERM, ORSA and Corporate Governance: The Small Company Challenges" 2833:"Harvard sued by fraternities and sororities over single-sex rule" 1684: 1519:

Several hazing incidents resulted in deaths in 2017 including the

1460: 1223:

have been members of fraternities and sororities, and the current

1159: 1050: 1030: 943: 924: 655: 458: 443: 295: 271: 4877:"Greek Life Needs To Take Racism As Seriously As It Takes Hazing" 2991:. George Mason University Interfraternity Council. Archived from 1406:

study found that "4 out of 5 fraternity and sorority members are

2645: 1571: 229:

Fraternities and sororities have been criticized for practicing

5431: 3897:"The Connection Between College Greek Life and Substance Abuse" 3289:"Here's A List Of Every U.S. President Who Was In A Fraternity" 988:

members may sometimes be taken, often, but not always, using a

319:

to incorporate most of the elements of modern fraternities was

4678: 3041:"Deadliest U.S. Fraternity Abolishes Pledging for New Members" 2612: 1859:– Abbreviated PNM, one who is in the process of seeking a bid. 684: 50: 2308:, while The Philomathean, founded in 1852, eventually became 1370:, though Princeton has now had fraternities since the 1980s. 1302:

Each organization requires its members to maintain a minimum

3204:"Bizarre fire burns frat house; blaze startedin secret room" 2385:(20th ed.). Baird's Manual Foundation. p. III-32. 1062:

With a few exceptions, most fraternities and sororities are

1957:

True Gentlemen: The Broken Pledge of America's Fraternities

1642:

Racism in United States college fraternities and sororities

568:, which it chartered in 1883. Other early foundations were 4781: 4779: 4770:"'Test banks' are at the center of UCF's cheating scandal" 4750:"'Test banks' are at the center of UCF's cheating scandal" 2364: 1677:

are issues with many college Greek systems across the US.

760:

List of LGBT and LGBT-friendly fraternities and sororities

4100:

Foubert, John; Newberry, Johnathan; Tatum, Jerry (2007).

2340:"Women's Fraternities, Sororities, and Dr. Frank Smalley" 2101:"Fraternities and Sororities | Queen's Encyclopedia" 1867:– the process of recruitment to a fraternity or sorority. 1299:

filled with test and homework answers from past members.

203:

A set of complex identification symbols that may include

5279:"The Best Idea Ever to Come From a Frat Party | The Cut" 3911:"Are Fraternities and Substance Abuse Creating Addicts?" 351:

were also founded at the same institution, creating the

5217:"Policy on Sweethearts/Little Sisters/Auxiliary Groups" 2701:"Fraternities Lobby Against Campus Rape Investigations" 328:

into a scholastic honor society and abandoned secrecy.

167:

student but continues thereafter for life. Some accept

4919:"My Sorority Was Supposed to be Interfaith. It Wasn't" 4693:"List of ways students cheat on exams using scantrons" 4232:

Sexual assault on campus: The problem and the solution

4012:"Secret Handshakes Greet Frat Brothers on Wall Street" 3858:"Why Colleges Should Get Rid of Fraternities for Good" 3777:. In Miller-Bernal, Leslie; Poulson, Susan L. (eds.). 2185:. Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company. pp. 43–45. 1504:, urination on pledges, and the forced consumption of 498:

in 1870. The term sorority was used by a professor of

4978:"Greek Life's History of Racism Is Catching Up to It" 4938:"Transgender students underrepresented in Greek Life" 4076:"'Rapebait' e-mail reveals dark side of frat culture" 3955:"National Hazing Prevention Week | Hazing Prevention" 2926:

Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) .

2142:

Anson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) .

371:(1847) collectively established Union College as the 77:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are 5418:

Caitlin Flanagan, "The Dark Power of Fraternities,"

4048:"The Problem With Frats Isn't Just Rape. It's Power" 2638:"Emergence of multicultural fraternal organizations" 1945:

Caitlin Flanagan, "The Dark Power of Fraternities,"

836:

coed fraternity was Pi Alpha Tau (1963–1991) at the

241:

and other marginalized groups, conducting dangerous

6805: 6507: 6349: 6268: 6101: 6075: 6017: 5982: 5884: 5831: 5752: 5659: 5589: 5528: 5475: 4229: 2797: 2699: 818:Fraternity and Sorority Political Action Committee 644:Christian fraternity (fraternities and sororities) 393:Fraternities represented the intersection between 5073:. Florida Institute of Technology. Archived from 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2450:. National Panhellenic Conference. Archived from 1835:– a fraternity or sorority with only one chapter. 775:Racist policies have since been abolished by the 626:. The first fraternities were established in the 155:. They are sometimes collectively referred to as 27:Social organizations at colleges and universities 5018:Windmeyer, Shane L.; Freeman, Pamela W. (1998). 4856:"IU Bloomington Suspends Frat for Anti-Semitism" 4572:"Colleges Condone Fraternities' Sexist Behavior" 4371:"Sorority Participation and Sexual Assault Risk" 4146: 4144: 2397:. Baird's Manual is also available online here: 2158:. Baird's Manual is also available online here: 912:"Rush week" redirects here. For other uses, see 537:fraternity established its Theta chapter at the 5241:Sigma Alpha Iota International Music Fraternity 4369:Minow, Jacqueline; Einolf, Christopher (2009). 3637:. November 28, 1993. pp. Section 1 Page 56 2383:Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities 2129:"How Queen's rejected the rise of fraternities" 1512:student organizations, such as athletic teams. 5488:North American fraternity and sorority housing 5186:(17th ed.). pp. 37–8. Archived from 4010:Abelson, Max; Faux, Zeke (December 22, 2013). 2232:, New York: The MacMillan Company, p. 211 1583:fraternity organizations that one fraternity, 1243:who have been initiated into fraternities are 1235:since 1910 have been members of fraternities. 1014:North American fraternity and sorority housing 770:Historically Black fraternities and sororities 572:at Toronto in 1892 and at McGill in 1899, and 222:Fraternities and sororities can be tax-exempt 143:, 'brotherhood' and 'sisterhood') are 5443: 5020:"How Homophobia Hurts the College Fraternity" 2762:"National Board of Directors Meeting Minutes" 1873:– one who is in the process of seeking a bid. 752:Cultural interest fraternities and sororities 8: 4635:"Access Denied: A Closer Look at Test Banks" 3493:"Student honor society promotes Greek unity" 3257: 3255: 3253: 2566:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 53. 1894:Defunct North American collegiate sororities 1889:Collegiate secret societies in North America 1733:for social fraternities and sororities, the 1296: 1282:were members of fraternities or sororities. 1274:In 2013, about 25 percent of members of the 5251:(3rd ed.). p. A-3. Archived from 2376: 2374: 134: 5450: 5436: 5428: 5245:"Current Policies and Position Statements" 4041: 4039: 3925:"Fraternal Law » Anti-Hazing Hotline" 2399:The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2160:The Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage 1909:List of social fraternities and sororities 652:List of Jewish fraternities and sororities 576:at Toronto in 1893 and at McGill in 1897. 470:, pictured c. 1877, was the birthplace of 454:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 5366:"Are You a Legacy? | Prospective Members" 5144:North-American Interfraternity Conference 4734:The Daily of the University of Washington 4656:"Ttest bank use prompts ethical concerns" 4173: 3327:North American Interfraternity Conference 1735:North American Interfraternity Conference 1219:Since 1900, 63 percent of members of the 880:North American Interfraternity Conference 777:North American Interfraternity Conference 772:were spearheaded thereafter in response. 756:List of Latino Greek-letter organizations 97:Learn how and when to remove this message 5305:Swiatkowski, Megan (February 22, 2013). 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 4997:Van Syckle, Katie (September 25, 2016). 4633:Burkholder, Sophie (November 13, 2019). 3058: 3056: 2587:Barnett, George A. (September 8, 2011). 1919:Professional fraternities and sororities 73:Relevant discussion may be found on the 32:Professional fraternities and sororities 5467:Academic fraternities originating from 5235: 5233: 5167: 5165: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 4727:McManigal, Christine (April 24, 2017). 3807:"Binge Drinking in Greek Organizations" 2928:Baird's Manual of American Fraternities 2714:from the original on November 27, 2020. 2483:. University Associates of Canada. 1948 2471: 2469: 2144:Baird's Manual of American Fraternities 2008: 1980: 1215:Notable fraternity and sorority members 954:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 401:, and secret initiatory orders such as 4957:Stewart, Mariah (September 15, 2020). 4470: 4468: 4228:Bohmer, Carol; Parrot, Andrea (1993). 2949: 2947: 2733:University of Illinois Chicago Library 2684:from the original on October 22, 2023. 2665: 2663: 1654:in Greek life to persons experiencing 1080:, wrote in his posthumously published 790:, was established in November 1981 at 215:Fraternities and sororities engage in 4327:"Legal view with Ashleigh Banfield". 4046:Bennett, Jessica (December 3, 2014). 3487: 3485: 3287:Borislow, Jared (February 20, 2017). 2693: 2691: 1465:An illustration depicting fraternity 424:, with groundbreaking dated to 1878. 7: 5503:Hazing in Greek letter organizations 4936:Spinelli, Dan (September 20, 2015). 4917:Sherbet, Maddy (November 13, 2019). 4898:"Can Trans Girls Be Sorority Girls?" 4748:Postal, Leslie (November 21, 2010). 4673:Handel, Sarah (September 16, 2008). 3682:. Oberlin College. 2011. p. 34. 2839:. Associated Press. December 3, 2018 2642:National Multicultural Greek Council 2528:"History of Philippine Fraternities" 1484:and other types of spanking, use of 1457:Hazing in Greek letter organizations 781:National Multicultural Greek Council 687:in general, as is characteristic of 679:Many early fraternities referred to 4896:Ruiz, Michelle (October 17, 2016). 4854:Johnson, Elin (December 17, 2019). 4529:Psychology of Men & Masculinity 3785:. pp. 245–257, at p. 254–255. 3409:"Paul Martin – life after politics" 3232:. New York Institute of Technology. 3176:"Nathaniel Hawthorne's Untold Tale" 3142:"Nathaniel Hawthorne's Untold Tale" 2913:"10 Biggest Fraternities In The US" 2481:The Encyclopedia of Canada, Vol. II 2229:Individual Training in Our Colleges 1929:Service fraternities and sororities 1271:have been members of fraternities. 878:became the first fraternity in the 867:are required to be co-ed under the 5277:Lange, Maggie (October 24, 2014). 4875:Noel, Gabrielle (April 27, 2018). 4706:McKenzie, Lindsay (May 14, 2018). 4675:"Breaking The Test Bank Wide Open" 4477:Journal of American College Health 3696:"Equality | Guilford College" 3629:"Princeton's Fraternities Growing" 3548:Blumberg, Yoni (October 9, 2017). 3174:Matthews, Jack (August 15, 2010). 3140:Matthews, Jack (August 15, 2010). 2896:. First Consulting. Archived from 2530:. November 4, 2017. Archived from 1636:Racism and minority discrimination 1345:Homogeneous membership and elitism 1041:Washington & Jefferson College 786:The first multicultural sorority, 25: 4976:Tingley, Anna (August 25, 2020). 4161:Journal of Interpersonal Violence 4074:Foubert, John (October 9, 2013). 3602:Bruni, Frank (December 2, 2014). 3461:Jacobs, Peter (January 8, 2014). 3433:Kingkade, Tyler (July 25, 2013). 3180:The Chronicle of Higher Education 2670:Jacobs, Peter (October 9, 2014). 2448:"National Panhellenic Conference" 2226:Birdseye, Clarence Frank (1907), 2115:"The pledge against fraternities" 1613:University of Southern California 1363:clique of people just like you?" 1278:and 40 percent of members of the 838:University of Illinois at Chicago 390:, in 1824 bearing the same name. 5146:. April 23, 2012. Archived from 4831:"Your fraternity brother is gay" 4570:Syrett, Nicholas (May 6, 2011). 3656:Fletcher, Robert Samuel (1943). 3117:. April 25, 1938. Archived from 2698:Glovin, David (March 24, 2015). 2338:Becque, Fran (August 12, 2013). 2183:Handbook of Secret Organizations 1760:Roberts v. United States Jaycees 200:where undergraduate members live 55: 6854:Fraternity and sorority culture 5662:Asian/Pacific Islander-American 5173:National Panhellenic Conference 4654:Butler, Matt (April 18, 2014). 3353:"Prominent Pi Gamma Mu Members" 3263:"Fraternities & Sororities" 3246:. The University of New Mexico. 3230:"Fraternities & Sororities" 2771:. December 2014. Archived from 2589:Encyclopedia of Social Networks 2419:National Panhellenic Conference 1739:National Panhellenic Conference 1597:University of Northern Colorado 523:National Panhellenic Conference 268:Establishment and early history 5247:. In Nieburg, Janet T. (ed.). 3773:Miller-Bernal, Leslie (2004). 3574:Nelson, Libby (May 28, 2014). 3525:. May 27, 2014. Archived from 3407:Kerr, Peter (August 1, 2009). 2985:"Glossary of Greek Life Terms" 1166:President of the United States 1114:Symbols and naming conventions 663:fraternity members assist the 585:University of British Columbia 163:or sorority is obtained as an 1: 5424:, March 2014, pp. 72–91. 5315:Pennsylvania State University 4829:Boros, Zach (March 9, 2017). 4489:10.1080/07448481.2017.1343829 4432:Journal of Studies on Alcohol 4236:. New York: Lexington Books. 3378:"Famous Betas of Achievement" 3085:University of Tennessee Press 2344:Fraternity History & More 1951:, March 2014, pp. 72–91. 1276:U.S. House of Representatives 628:University of the Philippines 605:University of Western Ontario 560:established a chapter at the 196:Ownership and occupancy of a 159:. Generally, membership in a 4729:"Test files: The no-no word" 3267:Princeton University Reports 2955:"Rush and Pledging Problems" 2292:, accessed October 16, 2015. 1899:High school secret societies 1731:Greek umbrella organizations 1496:. Rarer incidents involving 6849:Fraternities and sororities 5565:Lists by country/territory 5536:Fraternities and sororities 5459:Fraternities and sororities 5106:"Fraternity/Sorority Terms" 3783:Vanderbilt University Press 2617:Multicultural Greek Council 1755:United States Supreme Court 1469:from the early 20th century 1227:of five of the ten largest 1206:A 2007 survey conducted by 325:College of William and Mary 282:College of William and Mary 44:Sisterhood (disambiguation) 40:Fraternity (disambiguation) 6872: 2867:University of Pennsylvania 2314:University of Pennsylvania 1639: 1566:Sexism and sexual violence 1523:in which three members of 1454: 1011: 918: 914:Rush week (disambiguation) 911: 802:Structure and organization 749: 665:Georgia Air National Guard 641: 609:Wilfrid Laurier University 355:. The further birthing of 256: 239:against non-white students 29: 5465: 5249:Chapter Procedures Manual 5140:"Constitution and Bylaws" 4271:10.1007/s11199-005-7136-6 3109:"Books: Hawthorne's Line" 3049:. No. March 7, 2014. 1269:Prime Ministers of Canada 966:indicates that the term " 796:New Brunswick, New Jersey 276:The fraternity system in 259:Fraternity § History 136: 127: 5224:Risk Management Policies 4808:10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.653 4800:10.1525/sp.2010.57.4.653 4387:10.1177/1077801209334472 4184:10.1177/0886260505278528 3781:. Nashville, Tennessee: 3463:"Don't Ban Fraternities" 3021:. The Fraternity Advisor 3019:thefraternityadvisor.com 2911:Ishita (June 25, 2022). 2477:"Fraternities in Canada" 2270:"ATO Facts & Firsts" 2255:August 26, 2016, at the 2181:Whalen, Richard (1967). 1318:Professional advancement 1225:chief executive officers 1055:A model chapter room of 1045:Washington, Pennsylvania 703:, while others, such as 315:The first fraternity in 217:philanthropic activities 4943:The Daily Pennsylvanian 4444:10.15288/jsa.2004.65.37 4306:10.1023/A:1025613725757 3319:"Fraternity Statistics" 2302:Wesleyan Female College 1955:John Hechinger (2017). 1753:exemptions, citing the 1623:Test and homework banks 1543:Nepotism and networking 1529:death of Maxwell Gruver 1492:, forced drinking, and 1297:test and homework banks 1108:University of Wisconsin 1084:of his initiation into 539:University of Edinburgh 514:, established in 1874. 430:University of the South 224:501(c)(7) organizations 5520:Mother of Fraternities 5027:Saint Louis University 4963:INSIGHT Into Diversity 4375:Violence Against Women 4120:10.2202/1949-6605.1866 3604:"A Pox on Campus Life" 3077:Dundes, Allan (1993). 2959:The Fraternity Advisor 1839:National/international 1773:. See also pledge pin. 1706: 1470: 1378:universities, such as 1196: 1099: 1059: 1048: 956: 941: 820:lobby to maintain it. 699:(1907), only admitted 676: 613:University of Waterloo 597:University of Manitoba 479: 456: 407:University of Michigan 378:The social fraternity 373:Mother of Fraternities 312: 293: 286:Williamsburg, Virginia 226:in the United States. 135: 126: 42:. For other uses, see 38:. For other uses, see 5213:Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia 4841:University of Alabama 3965:on September 23, 2018 3754:. Brandeis University 3015:"Fraternity Legacies" 2778:on September 24, 2015 2591:. SAGE. p. 298. 2290:Gamma Chapter history 1743:Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia 1703:Benjamin Piatt Runkle 1701:, including founders 1688: 1646:Researchers, such as 1640:Further information: 1464: 1221:United States cabinet 1163: 1106:chapter house at the 1090: 1054: 1034: 947: 928: 659: 579:The first sorority , 562:University of Toronto 462: 447: 388:Princeton, New Jersey 361:Omicron Kappa Epsilon 341:Schenectady, New York 299: 275: 257:Further information: 209:armorial achievements 5395:Legacy History Pride 5258:on February 24, 2016 5184:Unanimous Agreements 5077:on September 5, 2015 4772:. November 21, 2010. 4640:34th Street Magazine 3959:hazingprevention.org 3210:. September 27, 2003 3154:The Chronicle Review 2965:on September 7, 2015 2806:. January 17, 2019. 2381:Anson, Jack (1991). 2367:. December 25, 2021. 2365:"Soror - Wiktionary" 2197:"History of Chi Phi" 1857:Potential new member 1435:use with drugs like 1368:Princeton University 1327:Personal fulfillment 1293:grade point averages 1286:Academic performance 1208:Princeton University 921:Sorority recruitment 908:Rushing and pledging 829:Lambda Lambda Lambda 681:Christian principles 669:George Floyd protest 593:Dalhousie University 529:Internationalization 384:Princeton University 304:fraternity house at 292:was founded in 1776. 198:residential property 145:social organizations 66:factual accuracy is 6509:Social fraternities 5833:Historically Jewish 5391:"What is a Legacy?" 5370:Sigma Nu Fraternity 5346:on October 20, 2021 5336:"The frat boy look" 5307:"The Fracket Bible" 5067:"Greek Terminology" 5036:on January 23, 2021 4209:on November 9, 2017 4024:on February 2, 2015 3991:. February 14, 2019 3935:on October 27, 2015 3885:. February 3, 2022. 3811:addictioncenter.com 3732:on October 21, 2018 3121:on February 4, 2013 2648:on October 15, 2015 2454:on January 26, 2009 2322:New York University 1630:academic dishonesty 1607:magazine columnist 1585:Sigma Alpha Epsilon 1521:death of Tim Piazza 1388:Brandeis University 1189:Delta Kappa Epsilon 1183:and his successor, 1171:was initiated into 1086:Delta Kappa Epsilon 1078:Nathaniel Hawthorne 1002:Sigma Alpha Epsilon 849:Epsilon Sigma Alpha 730:, founded in 1898. 589:Carleton University 570:Kappa Alpha Society 504:Syracuse University 411:Ann Arbor, Michigan 333:Kappa Alpha Society 306:Syracuse University 245:, and facilitating 5513:Philippines deaths 5120:on August 10, 2018 4612:10.1111/fare.12229 4577:The New York Times 4541:10.1037/men0000076 3813:. Addiction Center 3662:. Oberlin College. 3634:The New York Times 3388:on August 10, 2018 3066:. August 31, 2021. 2742:on August 13, 2016 2534:on August 10, 2018 2089:. October 5, 2012. 1884:Alumni association 1707: 1471: 1404:Harvard University 1265:Franklin Roosevelt 1233:U.S. Supreme Court 1197: 1187:, was a member of 1151:Membership profile 1060: 1049: 1027:Secrecy and ritual 957: 942: 935:Cornell University 892:Harvard University 807:Gender exclusivity 792:Rutgers University 697:Alpha Kappa Lambda 677: 648:Christian sorority 601:Queen's University 551:American Civil War 480: 457: 422:Cornell University 399:literary societies 313: 310:Syracuse, New York 294: 6836: 6835: 6351:Social sororities 5284:New York Magazine 4836:The Crimson White 4331:. March 10, 2015. 4168:(10): 1325–1348. 3913:. March 23, 2018. 3529:on August 7, 2017 3333:on August 7, 2016 2995:on March 25, 2015 2900:on June 30, 2017. 2769:Sigma Phi Epsilon 2117:. March 31, 2017. 2028:978-0-306-13192-9 1959:. PublicAffairs. 1648:Matthew W. Hughey 1308:Gamma Sigma Alpha 1249:George H. W. Bush 1185:George H. W. Bush 1173:Tau Kappa Epsilon 1121:Delta Delta Delta 876:Sigma Phi Epsilon 740:Sigma Alpha Omega 632:Upsilon Sigma Phi 581:Kappa Alpha Theta 566:McGill University 496:Kappa Kappa Gamma 492:Kappa Alpha Theta 450:Kappa Kappa Gamma 434:Phi Sigma Kappa's 418:Alpha Delta Phi's 323:, founded at the 237:, discriminating 107: 106: 99: 16:(Redirected from 6861: 6823:Gentlemen's club 5593:African-American 5452: 5445: 5438: 5429: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5342:. Archived from 5340:Education in USA 5332: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5237: 5228: 5227: 5221: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5193:on March 4, 2016 5192: 5181: 5169: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5116:. Archived from 5102: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5063: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5035: 5029:. Archived from 5024: 5015: 5009: 5008: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4861:Inside Higher Ed 4851: 4845: 4844: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4783: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4759: 4755:Orlando Sentinel 4745: 4739: 4738: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4713:Inside Higher Ed 4703: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4670: 4664: 4663: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4600:Family Relations 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4429: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4350:(141): 141–152. 4339: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4300:(5/6): 451–457. 4289: 4283: 4282: 4265:(7–8): 487–493. 4254: 4248: 4247: 4235: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4208: 4202:. Archived from 4177: 4157: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4020:. Archived from 4007: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3961:. Archived from 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3931:. Archived from 3929:fraternallaw.com 3921: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3893: 3887: 3886: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3728:. Archived from 3722:"Community Life" 3718: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3698:. Archived from 3692: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3671: 3665: 3663: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3571: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3489: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3468:Business Insider 3458: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3384:. Archived from 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3329:. Archived from 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3299:on June 18, 2018 3295:. Archived from 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3259: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3148:Julian Hawthorne 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3080:Folklore Matters 3074: 3068: 3067: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2961:. Archived from 2951: 2942: 2941: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2915:. StudentSorted. 2908: 2902: 2901: 2892:Stern, Carol S. 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2873:on July 27, 2017 2869:. Archived from 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2801: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2777: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2741: 2735:. Archived from 2730: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2703: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2677:Business Insider 2667: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2644:. Archived from 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2559: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2473: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2428:on June 28, 2013 2427: 2421:. Archived from 2416: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2378: 2369: 2368: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2329: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2266: 2260: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2207:on April 3, 2019 2203:. Archived from 2193: 2187: 2186: 2178: 2163: 2157: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2090: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2066: 2060:. Archived from 2059: 2055:"Alpha Xi Delta" 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2035:on March 6, 2016 2031:. Archived from 2013: 1996: 1985: 1970: 1747:Sigma Alpha Iota 1695:Miami University 1656:microaggressions 1486:stress positions 1392:Hamilton College 1380:Guilford College 1181:Eureka, Illinois 1145:Seal and Serpent 1074:Julian Hawthorne 1064:secret societies 939:Ithaca, New York 788:Mu Sigma Upsilon 746:Multiculturalism 736:Beta Upsilon Chi 691:. Some, such as 689:fraternal orders 617:Brock University 464:Wesleyan College 302:Lambda Chi Alpha 142: 140: 131: 102: 95: 91: 88: 82: 79:reliably sourced 59: 58: 51: 21: 6871: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6832: 6801: 6503: 6345: 6264: 6097: 6076:Native American 6071: 6013: 5978: 5880: 5827: 5755: 5748: 5661: 5655: 5592: 5585: 5524: 5471: 5461: 5456: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5399: 5397: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5239: 5238: 5231: 5219: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5179: 5171: 5170: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5150:on July 9, 2018 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5114:Elon University 5104: 5103: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5065: 5064: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5022: 5017: 5016: 5012: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4874: 4873: 4869: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4788:Social Problems 4785: 4784: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4763: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4175:10.1.1.208.7187 4155: 4150: 4149: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3703: 3702:on May 15, 2012 3694: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3586: 3584: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3532: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3502: 3500: 3499:. March 4, 2014 3491: 3490: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3440:Huffington Post 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3336: 3334: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3293:Total Frat Move 3286: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3261: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3054: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2953: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2814: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2764: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2561: 2560: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2505:. June 19, 2013 2501: 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2300: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2257:Wayback Machine 2250:Chapter History 2248: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2210: 2208: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2179: 2166: 2154: 2141: 2140: 2136: 2131:. June 3, 2019. 2127: 2126: 2122: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2070: 2068: 2067:on July 3, 2017 2064: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2029: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1999: 1986: 1982: 1977: 1967: 1954: 1942: 1940:Further reading 1934:Students' union 1914:Old boy network 1880: 1727:auxiliary group 1720:/Alumna/Alumnus 1683: 1644: 1638: 1625: 1609:Jessica Bennett 1568: 1545: 1488:, forced runs, 1459: 1453: 1421:benzodiazepines 1416: 1400: 1384:Earlham College 1372:Oberlin College 1347: 1342: 1329: 1320: 1288: 1237:U.S. presidents 1217: 1193:Yale University 1158: 1153: 1116: 1037:Phi Kappa Sigma 1029: 1016: 1010: 950:Alpha Sigma Phi 931:Alpha Delta Phi 923: 917: 910: 901: 857:Alpha Kappa Psi 851:, Alpha Tau Mu 845:Alpha Phi Omega 833:Alpha Phi Omega 809: 804: 762: 748: 709:Phi Kappa Theta 661:Alpha Phi Alpha 654: 642:Main articles: 640: 574:Alpha Delta Phi 531: 442: 426:Alpha Tau Omega 369:Theta Delta Chi 270: 265: 255: 103: 92: 86: 83: 72: 64:This article's 60: 56: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6851: 6841: 6840: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6828:Secret society 6825: 6820: 6815: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6513: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6272: 6270: 6269:Major specific 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5890: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5837: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5764: 5762: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5597: 5595: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5414: 5413:External links 5411: 5408: 5407: 5382: 5357: 5327: 5297: 5269: 5229: 5204: 5161: 5131: 5088: 5047: 5010: 4989: 4968: 4949: 4928: 4909: 4888: 4867: 4846: 4821: 4794:(4): 653–679. 4775: 4761: 4740: 4719: 4698: 4684: 4665: 4646: 4625: 4590: 4562: 4518: 4483:(7): 482–491. 4464: 4415: 4381:(7): 835–851. 4361: 4334: 4319: 4284: 4249: 4243:978-0029037157 4242: 4220: 4140: 4114:(4): 728–749. 4092: 4066: 4035: 4002: 3976: 3946: 3916: 3902: 3888: 3874: 3849: 3824: 3798: 3791: 3765: 3743: 3713: 3687: 3666: 3648: 3620: 3608:New York Times 3594: 3566: 3540: 3510: 3481: 3453: 3425: 3413:The Montrealer 3399: 3369: 3344: 3310: 3279: 3249: 3235: 3221: 3195: 3166: 3146:Excerpts from 3132: 3100: 3094:978-0870497766 3093: 3087:. p. 31. 3069: 3052: 3032: 3006: 2976: 2943: 2937:978-0963715906 2936: 2918: 2903: 2884: 2850: 2824: 2789: 2753: 2717: 2687: 2659: 2629: 2604: 2597: 2579: 2572: 2545: 2516: 2494: 2465: 2439: 2403: 2392:978-0963715906 2391: 2370: 2356: 2330: 2306:Alpha Delta Pi 2294: 2282: 2261: 2242: 2218: 2201:www.chiphi.org 2188: 2164: 2153:978-0963715906 2152: 2134: 2120: 2106: 2092: 2078: 2046: 2027: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1966:978-1610396820 1965: 1952: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1924:Secret society 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1868: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1810: 1802: 1796: 1788: 1780: 1774: 1764: 1723: 1714: 1682: 1679: 1661:Additionally, 1650:, have linked 1637: 1634: 1624: 1621: 1576:sexual assault 1567: 1564: 1544: 1541: 1452: 1449: 1415: 1412: 1408:binge drinkers 1399: 1396: 1355:New York Times 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1328: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1312:Order of Omega 1287: 1284: 1245:George W. Bush 1216: 1213: 1177:Eureka College 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1115: 1112: 1028: 1025: 1012:Main article: 1009: 1006: 970:" and later, " 963:Baird's Manual 909: 906: 900: 897: 890:case in 2016, 861:Delta Sigma Pi 808: 805: 803: 800: 747: 744: 705:Beta Sigma Psi 639: 636: 547:American South 530: 527: 512:Gamma Phi Beta 484:Alpha Delta Pi 472:Alpha Delta Pi 468:Macon, Georgia 441: 438: 321:Phi Beta Kappa 290:Phi Beta Kappa 269: 266: 254: 251: 243:hazing rituals 213: 212: 201: 194: 182: 176: 105: 104: 63: 61: 54: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6867: 6866: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5983:Historically 5981: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5886:Multicultural 5883: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5588: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5541:North America 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5469:North America 5464: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5446: 5441: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5416: 5412: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5358: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5298: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5040:September 17, 5032: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4993: 4990: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4972: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4871: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4850: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4765: 4762: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4723: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4702: 4699: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4647: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4606:(1): 89–103. 4605: 4601: 4594: 4591: 4579: 4578: 4573: 4566: 4563: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4416: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4288: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4224: 4221: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4154: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4107:NASPA Journal 4103: 4096: 4093: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4067: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4003: 3995:September 17, 3990: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3838: 3837:The Economist 3834: 3828: 3825: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3792:9780826514493 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3766: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3678: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3652: 3649: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3624: 3621: 3609: 3605: 3598: 3595: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3567: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3541: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3498: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3454: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3426: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3400: 3387: 3383: 3382:Beta Theta Pi 3379: 3373: 3370: 3358: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3280: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3209: 3208:Journal Times 3205: 3199: 3196: 3192: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3167: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3143: 3136: 3133: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3070: 3065: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3007: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2885: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2804:The Economist 2800: 2793: 2790: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2598:9781412979115 2594: 2590: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2573:9780813136622 2569: 2565: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2533: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2231: 2230: 2222: 2219: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2063: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2034: 2030: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2012: 2009: 2002: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1904:Honor society 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1757:'s ruling in 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1537:Matthew Ellis 1534: 1533:Andrew Coffey 1530: 1526: 1525:Beta Theta Pi 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1326: 1324: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:Ronald Reagan 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1201:North America 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169:Ronald Reagan 1167: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1076:, the son of 1075: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1058: 1053: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1007: 1005: 1003: 997: 993: 991: 985: 981: 977: 976: 973: 969: 965: 964: 955: 952:house at the 951: 946: 940: 936: 932: 927: 922: 915: 907: 905: 898: 896: 893: 889: 884: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 834: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 806: 801: 799: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 761: 757: 753: 745: 743: 741: 737: 731: 729: 728:Zeta Beta Tau 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 693:Alpha Chi Rho 690: 686: 685:Supreme Being 682: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 649: 645: 637: 635: 633: 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 533:In 1867, the 528: 526: 524: 519: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 455: 452:house at the 451: 446: 439: 437: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337:Union College 334: 329: 326: 322: 318: 317:North America 311: 307: 303: 298: 291: 287: 283: 280:began at the 279: 278:North America 274: 267: 264: 263:Philhellenism 260: 252: 250: 248: 247:alcohol abuse 244: 240: 236: 232: 227: 225: 220: 218: 210: 206: 205:Greek letters 202: 199: 195: 193: 189: 188: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173: 172: 170: 166: 165:undergraduate 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 139: 132: 130: 124: 120: 116: 112: 111:North America 101: 98: 90: 80: 76: 70: 69: 62: 53: 52: 49: 45: 41: 37: 36:Honor society 33: 19: 6757:ΦΜΑ Sinfonia 6107:Puerto Rican 5756:fraternities 5660:Historically 5591:Historically 5551:Professional 5535: 5458: 5421:The Atlantic 5419: 5398:. Retrieved 5394: 5385: 5373:. Retrieved 5369: 5360: 5348:. Retrieved 5344:the original 5339: 5330: 5318:. Retrieved 5311:Onward State 5310: 5300: 5288:. Retrieved 5282: 5272: 5260:. Retrieved 5253:the original 5248: 5226:. p. 7. 5223: 5207: 5195:. Retrieved 5188:the original 5183: 5152:. Retrieved 5148:the original 5134: 5124:September 4, 5122:. Retrieved 5118:the original 5109: 5081:September 4, 5079:. Retrieved 5075:the original 5070: 5038:. Retrieved 5031:the original 5013: 5004:The Guardian 5002: 4992: 4981: 4971: 4962: 4952: 4941: 4931: 4922: 4912: 4903:Cosmopolitan 4901: 4891: 4880: 4870: 4859: 4849: 4834: 4824: 4791: 4787: 4764: 4753: 4743: 4732: 4722: 4711: 4701: 4687: 4668: 4659: 4649: 4638: 4628: 4603: 4599: 4593: 4583:December 30, 4581:. Retrieved 4575: 4565: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4480: 4476: 4455:. Retrieved 4438:(1): 37–45. 4435: 4431: 4418: 4406:. Retrieved 4378: 4374: 4364: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4322: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4231: 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4204:the original 4165: 4159: 4131:. Retrieved 4111: 4105: 4095: 4083:. Retrieved 4079: 4069: 4059:December 30, 4057:. Retrieved 4051: 4028:December 28, 4026:. Retrieved 4022:the original 4015: 4005: 3993:. Retrieved 3988: 3979: 3967:. Retrieved 3963:the original 3958: 3949: 3937:. Retrieved 3933:the original 3928: 3919: 3905: 3891: 3877: 3865:. Retrieved 3861: 3852: 3840:. Retrieved 3836: 3827: 3817:September 2, 3815:. Retrieved 3810: 3801: 3778: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3746: 3734:. Retrieved 3730:the original 3725: 3716: 3704:. Retrieved 3700:the original 3690: 3675: 3669: 3658: 3651: 3639:. Retrieved 3632: 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3607: 3597: 3587:December 28, 3585:. Retrieved 3579: 3569: 3557:. Retrieved 3553: 3543: 3531:. Retrieved 3527:the original 3522: 3513: 3501:. Retrieved 3496: 3474:December 28, 3472:. Retrieved 3466: 3456: 3444:. Retrieved 3438: 3428: 3416:. Retrieved 3412: 3402: 3390:. Retrieved 3386:the original 3381: 3372: 3360:. Retrieved 3356: 3347: 3337:December 28, 3335:. Retrieved 3331:the original 3322: 3313: 3301:. Retrieved 3297:the original 3292: 3282: 3270:. Retrieved 3266: 3244:"Fact Sheet" 3238: 3224: 3214:September 2, 3212:. Retrieved 3207: 3198: 3190: 3183:. Retrieved 3179: 3169: 3157:. Retrieved 3145: 3135: 3123:. Retrieved 3119:the original 3112: 3103: 3079: 3072: 3044: 3035: 3025:December 28, 3023:. Retrieved 3018: 3009: 2999:December 28, 2997:. Retrieved 2993:the original 2988: 2979: 2969:September 2, 2967:. Retrieved 2963:the original 2958: 2927: 2921: 2906: 2898:the original 2887: 2877:September 4, 2875:. Retrieved 2871:the original 2863:Penn Provost 2862: 2853: 2841:. Retrieved 2836: 2827: 2815:. Retrieved 2803: 2792: 2780:. Retrieved 2773:the original 2768: 2756: 2744:. Retrieved 2737:the original 2732: 2720: 2705: 2675: 2650:. Retrieved 2646:the original 2641: 2632: 2620:. Retrieved 2616: 2607: 2588: 2582: 2563: 2536:. Retrieved 2532:the original 2507:. Retrieved 2497: 2485:. Retrieved 2480: 2456:. Retrieved 2452:the original 2442: 2430:. Retrieved 2423:the original 2418: 2406: 2382: 2359: 2347:. Retrieved 2343: 2333: 2318:Philadelphia 2297: 2285: 2273:. Retrieved 2264: 2245: 2234:, retrieved 2228: 2221: 2209:. Retrieved 2205:the original 2200: 2191: 2182: 2143: 2137: 2123: 2109: 2095: 2081: 2071:November 16, 2069:. Retrieved 2062:the original 2049: 2039:November 16, 2037:. Retrieved 2033:the original 2017: 2011: 1992: 1988:Baird Manual 1987: 1983: 1956: 1948:The Atlantic 1946: 1870: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1812: 1804: 1799:Chapter room 1798: 1790: 1782: 1776: 1766: 1758: 1726: 1716: 1710: 1699:Oxford, Ohio 1671:antisemitism 1660: 1645: 1626: 1617: 1602: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1581: 1569: 1552: 1546: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506:spoiled food 1479: 1472: 1417: 1401: 1365: 1353: 1352: 1348: 1330: 1321: 1301: 1289: 1273: 1253:Bill Clinton 1241:World War II 1218: 1205: 1198: 1156:Demographics 1117: 1100: 1091: 1081: 1072: 1068: 1061: 1021: 1017: 998: 994: 986: 982: 978: 975: 971: 967: 961: 958: 902: 885: 873: 865:Phi Gamma Nu 842: 822: 810: 785: 774: 763: 732: 721: 678: 675:in June 2020 621: 578: 555: 532: 520: 516: 507: 490:in 1867 and 481: 415: 395:dining clubs 392: 377: 367:(1841), and 330: 314: 228: 221: 214: 191: 185: 156: 153:universities 118: 115:fraternities 114: 108: 93: 84: 65: 48: 6818:Odd Fellows 6813:Freemasonry 5987:-affiliated 5579:Puerto Rico 5574:Philippines 5546:High school 5508:U.S. deaths 5498:U.S. racism 5350:October 20, 4695:. Gradehub. 4535:(1): 3–13. 4344:Adolescence 3726:earlham.edu 3533:October 12, 3503:October 20, 3497:go.gale.com 3446:December 9, 3418:October 21, 3357:Pi Gamma Mu 3323:nicindy.org 2817:January 28, 2652:October 12, 2622:October 12, 2432:October 12, 1792:Blackballed 1689:Members of 1667:transphobia 1559:Wall Street 1433:Amphetamine 1398:Alcohol use 1360:Frank Bruni 1280:U.S. Senate 1261:Gerald Ford 1229:Fortune 500 1133:Psi Upsilon 1094:rodomontade 1057:Kappa Sigma 1035:Members of 825:Alpha Theta 738:(1985) and 717:Catholicism 713:Lutheranism 707:(1925) and 695:(1895) and 624:Philippines 488:Pi Beta Phi 420:chapter at 403:Freemasonry 357:Psi Upsilon 353:Union Triad 343:. In 1827, 129:fraternitas 6843:Categories 6612:ΚΑ Society 5760:sororities 5154:January 4, 4983:Teen Vogue 4660:The Review 4457:August 13, 4408:August 13, 3969:October 4, 3939:October 4, 3559:August 21, 3523:Gallup.com 3185:August 17, 3159:August 17, 3150:'s Memoirs 3125:August 17, 2487:August 19, 2458:January 1, 2275:August 21, 2003:References 1851:Pledge pin 1675:xenophobia 1663:homophobia 1494:mind games 1455:See also: 1358:columnist 919:See also: 899:Governance 888:bellwether 853:and others 750:See also: 701:Christians 478:sororities 440:Sororities 235:favoritism 181:membership 179:Single-sex 161:fraternity 157:Greek life 119:sororities 87:March 2023 18:Sororities 6336:FarmHouse 5754:Christian 5400:August 9, 5375:August 9, 5320:August 9, 5290:August 9, 4816:145206339 4620:0197-6664 4557:151332972 4549:1939-151X 4497:0744-8481 4314:142047025 4294:Sex Roles 4279:144874772 4259:Sex Roles 4170:CiteSeerX 4128:219289954 4017:Bloomberg 3867:August 9, 3842:August 9, 3758:March 17, 3392:March 27, 3362:March 27, 3303:March 27, 3046:Bloomberg 2843:August 2, 2812:0013-0613 2782:March 22, 2707:Bloomberg 2613:"History" 2538:August 9, 2509:August 9, 2326:Manhattan 2211:March 14, 1784:Blacklist 1771:watch fob 1691:Sigma Chi 1554:Bloomberg 1490:busy work 1445:Marijuana 1340:Criticism 1129:Chi Omega 1125:Sigma Chi 1104:Sigma Phi 1008:Residency 990:blackball 972:Rush week 933:house at 874:In 2014, 667:during a 349:Delta Phi 345:Sigma Phi 331:In 1825, 138:sororitas 75:talk page 6806:See also 6607:ΚΑ Order 6341:Triangle 5493:Stepping 5262:June 12, 5243:(2010). 5215:(2011). 5197:June 12, 5175:(2012). 5110:elon.edu 4882:HuffPost 4513:26691712 4505:28641039 4452:15000502 4403:21877160 4395:19458092 4356:11407630 4213:July 23, 4200:30121860 4192:16162492 4133:July 23, 4085:July 23, 3989:NBC News 3613:July 23, 3272:July 25, 2837:NBC News 2746:April 6, 2712:Archived 2682:Archived 2253:Archived 2236:June 20, 2021:. 2016. 1878:See also 1821:Frat Boy 1751:Title IX 1737:and the 1681:Glossary 1549:nepotism 1498:branding 1482:paddling 1441:Adderall 1414:Drug use 1267:. Three 1137:Triangle 869:Title IX 814:Title IX 742:(1998). 683:or to a 638:Religion 558:Zeta Psi 543:Scotland 363:(1834), 359:(1833), 288:, where 192:pledging 169:graduate 149:colleges 68:disputed 5974:Delphic 5788:ΒΕΓΓΑΡΣ 5556:Service 5529:History 5476:General 5071:fit.edu 4080:CNN.com 3736:May 19, 3706:May 19, 3685:clubs." 3641:May 31, 2989:gmu.edu 2349:May 17, 2320:and at 1814:Fracket 1767:Badge – 1437:Ritalin 1331:A 2014 1164:Former 1082:Memoirs 1047:in 1872 968:Rushing 758:], and 673:Atlanta 535:Chi Phi 380:Chi Phi 365:Chi Psi 253:History 231:elitism 187:rushing 175:Secrecy 6797:Acacia 6499:Clovia 6103:Latino 5569:France 5561:Canada 5483:Colony 4814: 4806: 4618: 4555: 4547: 4511: 4503: 4495: 4450: 4401: 4393: 4354: 4312: 4277: 4240: 4198: 4190: 4172: 4126: 3789: 3091: 2934: 2810: 2595: 2570: 2389: 2310:Phi Mu 2150: 2025: 1993:Manual 1963: 1871:Rushee 1845:Pledge 1827:Legacy 1806:Colony 1718:Alumni 1711:Active 1673:, and 1652:racism 1535:, and 1502:enemas 1475:hazing 1467:hazing 1451:Hazing 1429:Valium 1376:Quaker 1333:Gallup 1263:, and 1239:since 1143:, and 1141:Acacia 863:, and 831:, and 724:Jewish 650:, and 476:Phi Mu 261:, and 6331:Ceres 6019:LGBTQ 5985:Scout 5256:(PDF) 5220:(PDF) 5191:(PDF) 5180:(PDF) 5034:(PDF) 5023:(PDF) 4812:S2CID 4804:JSTOR 4553:S2CID 4509:S2CID 4428:(PDF) 4399:S2CID 4310:S2CID 4275:S2CID 4207:(PDF) 4196:S2CID 4156:(PDF) 4124:S2CID 3680:(PDF) 2776:(PDF) 2765:(PDF) 2740:(PDF) 2729:(PDF) 2426:(PDF) 2415:(PDF) 2065:(PDF) 2058:(PDF) 1975:Notes 1833:Local 1425:Xanax 1423:like 1131:, or 766:races 508:soror 500:Latin 123:Latin 6105:and 5856:ΣΑΕΠ 5758:and 5669:αΚΔΦ 5402:2024 5377:2024 5352:2021 5322:2024 5292:2024 5264:2018 5199:2018 5156:2013 5126:2015 5083:2015 5042:2020 4923:Alma 4616:ISSN 4585:2014 4545:ISSN 4501:PMID 4493:ISSN 4459:2016 4448:PMID 4410:2016 4391:PMID 4352:PMID 4238:ISBN 4215:2016 4188:PMID 4135:2016 4087:2016 4061:2014 4053:Time 4030:2014 3997:2019 3971:2015 3941:2015 3869:2018 3862:Time 3844:2018 3819:2015 3787:ISBN 3760:2008 3738:2012 3708:2012 3643:2009 3615:2016 3589:2014 3561:2023 3554:CNBC 3535:2015 3505:2019 3476:2014 3448:2014 3420:2014 3394:2018 3364:2018 3339:2014 3305:2018 3274:2016 3216:2015 3187:2010 3161:2010 3127:2010 3114:Time 3089:ISBN 3027:2014 3001:2014 2971:2015 2932:ISBN 2879:2015 2845:2019 2819:2019 2808:ISSN 2784:2021 2748:2012 2654:2015 2624:2015 2593:ISBN 2568:ISBN 2540:2018 2511:2018 2489:2010 2460:2010 2434:2015 2387:ISBN 2351:2020 2277:2012 2238:2008 2213:2019 2148:ISBN 2073:2015 2041:2015 2023:ISBN 1961:ISBN 1864:Rush 1745:and 1604:Time 1572:rape 1439:and 1427:and 1402:One 1382:and 1310:and 948:The 929:The 715:and 615:and 494:and 474:and 448:The 347:and 300:The 233:and 190:and 151:and 133:and 117:and 34:and 6777:ΧΓΕ 6772:ΦΣΦ 6767:ΦΣΚ 6762:ΦΜΔ 6752:ΦΛΧ 6747:ΦΚΨ 6742:ΦΚΤ 6737:ΦΚΣ 6732:ΦΚΘ 6727:ΦΔΨ 6722:ΦΔΘ 6717:ΦΓΔ 6712:ΤΚΕ 6702:ΣΦΕ 6697:ΣΦΔ 6687:ΣΤΓ 6672:ΣΘΠ 6667:ΣΔΑ 6662:ΣΑΕ 6657:ΠΛΦ 6652:ΠΚΦ 6647:ΠΚΑ 6642:OΚΕ 6637:ΛΧΑ 6627:ΚΛΨ 6622:ΚΔΦ 6617:ΚΔΡ 6592:ΘΔΧ 6567:ΔΤΔ 6562:ΔΣΦ 6557:ΔΚΕ 6552:ΒΘΠ 6547:ΑΧΡ 6542:ΑΧΑ 6537:ΑΦΔ 6532:ΑΤΩ 6527:ΑΣΦ 6522:ΑΚΛ 6517:ΑΔΦ 6489:ΦΣΣ 6474:ΣΣΣ 6464:ΣΔΤ 6459:ΠΒΦ 6454:ΚΚΓ 6444:ΚΒΓ 6439:ΚΑΘ 6434:ΘΦΑ 6429:ΖΤΑ 6424:ΔΦΕ 6409:ΔΔΔ 6404:ΓΦΒ 6399:ΑΧΩ 6389:ΑΣΤ 6384:ΑΣΑ 6379:ΑΟΠ 6374:ΑΞΔ 6369:ΑΕΦ 6364:ΑΔΠ 6359:ΑΓΔ 6326:ΦΣΡ 6321:ΦΣΓ 6316:ΤΒΣ 6311:ΣΑΙ 6306:ΚΚΨ 6301:ΔΣΠ 6296:ΑΩΕ 6291:ΑΣΚ 6286:ΑΚΨ 6281:ΑΓΣ 6276:ΑΓΡ 6260:ΩΦΒ 6255:ΧΥΣ 6250:ΦΣΑ 6245:ΦΙΑ 6240:ΦΗΜ 6235:ΦΔΓ 6230:ΣΠΑ 6225:ΣΛΥ 6220:ΣΛΒ 6215:ΣΛΑ 6210:ΣΙΑ 6205:ΣΔΑ 6200:ΝΣΒ 6195:ΝΑΚ 6190:ΜΑΦ 6185:ΛΥΛ 6180:ΛΘΦ 6175:ΛΘΝ 6170:ΛΘΑ 6165:ΛΣΥ 6160:ΛΠΧ 6155:ΛΠΥ 6150:ΛΑΥ 6145:ΚΔΧ 6140:ΗΓΔ 6135:ΓΖΑ 6130:ΓΑΩ 6125:ΔΤΛ 6120:ΑΟΣ 6115:ΑΨΛ 6093:ΣΟΕ 6088:ΦΣΝ 6083:ΑΠΩ 6067:ΣΦΒ 6062:ΟΕΠ 6057:ΚΘΕ 6052:ΚΑΛ 6047:ΘΠΣ 6042:ΓΡΛ 6037:ΔΛΦ 6032:ΑΠΔ 6027:ΑΛΖ 6009:ΩΦΑ 6004:ΓΣΣ 5999:ΕΤΠ 5994:ΑΦΩ 5969:ΩΦΧ 5964:ΩΔΦ 5959:ΨΣΦ 5954:ΤΦΣ 5949:ΣΘΨ 5944:ΣΛΓ 5939:ΜΣΥ 5934:ΛΨΔ 5929:ΛΤΩ 5924:ΘΝΞ 5919:ΖΧΦ 5914:ΖΦΡ 5909:ΖΣΧ 5899:ΔΞΦ 5894:ΔΞΝ 5876:ΤΕΦ 5871:ΤΔΦ 5866:ΣΔΤ 5861:ΣΑΜ 5851:ΖΒΤ 5846:ΑΕΦ 5841:ΑΕΠ 5823:ΧΑΩ 5818:ΦΒΧ 5813:ΣΦΛ 5808:ΣΘΕ 5803:ΣΑΩ 5798:ΒΥΧ 5793:ΒΣΨ 5783:ΑΛΩ 5778:ΑΓΩ 5773:ΑΔΧ 5768:ΑΔΓ 5744:XPO 5739:ΣΦΩ 5734:ΣΨΖ 5729:ΣΟΠ 5724:ΣΒΡ 5719:ΠΔΨ 5714:ΠΑΦ 5709:ΛΦΕ 5704:ΚΦΛ 5699:ΙΝΔ 5694:ΔΦΩ 5689:ΔΚΔ 5684:ΔΕΨ 5679:ΒΧΘ 5674:ΑΦΓ 5651:WΨΦ 5646:ΩΨΦ 5641:ΦΡΗ 5636:ΦΒΣ 5631:ΣΓΡ 5626:ΚΑΨ 5621:ΙΦΘ 5616:ΖΦΒ 5611:ΔΣΘ 5606:ΑΦΑ 5601:ΑΚΑ 4796:doi 4679:NPR 4608:doi 4537:doi 4485:doi 4440:doi 4383:doi 4329:CNN 4302:doi 4267:doi 4180:doi 4116:doi 3581:Vox 2324:in 2316:in 1777:Bid 1725:An 1697:in 1693:at 1304:GPA 1191:at 1179:in 1175:at 1043:in 1039:at 937:in 794:in 671:in 541:in 502:at 466:in 409:in 386:in 339:in 308:in 284:in 147:at 109:In 6845:: 6792:ΨΥ 6787:ΧΨ 6782:ΧΦ 6707:ΣΧ 6692:ΣΦ 6682:ΣΠ 6677:ΣΝ 6632:ΚΣ 6602:ΘΧ 6597:ΘΞ 6587:ΖΨ 6582:ΔΧ 6577:ΔΦ 6572:ΔΥ 6494:ΧΩ 6484:ΦΜ 6479:ΣΨ 6469:ΣΚ 6449:ΚΔ 6419:ΔΖ 6414:ΔΓ 6394:ΑΦ 5904:ΓΗ 5393:. 5368:. 5338:. 5313:. 5309:. 5281:. 5232:^ 5222:. 5182:. 5164:^ 5142:. 5112:. 5108:. 5091:^ 5069:. 5050:^ 5025:. 5001:. 4980:. 4961:. 4940:. 4921:. 4900:. 4879:. 4858:. 4839:. 4833:. 4810:. 4802:. 4792:57 4790:. 4778:^ 4752:. 4731:. 4710:. 4677:. 4658:. 4637:. 4614:. 4604:66 4602:. 4574:. 4551:. 4543:. 4533:19 4531:. 4507:. 4499:. 4491:. 4481:65 4479:. 4467:^ 4446:. 4436:65 4434:. 4430:. 4397:. 4389:. 4379:15 4377:. 4373:. 4348:36 4346:. 4308:. 4298:37 4296:. 4273:. 4263:53 4261:. 4194:. 4186:. 4178:. 4166:20 4164:. 4158:. 4143:^ 4122:. 4112:44 4110:. 4104:. 4078:. 4050:. 4038:^ 4014:. 3987:. 3957:. 3927:. 3860:. 3835:. 3809:. 3724:. 3631:. 3606:. 3578:. 3552:. 3521:. 3495:. 3484:^ 3465:. 3437:. 3411:. 3380:. 3355:. 3325:. 3321:. 3291:. 3265:. 3252:^ 3206:. 3189:. 3178:. 3152:. 3144:. 3111:. 3083:. 3055:^ 3043:. 3017:. 2987:. 2957:. 2946:^ 2865:. 2861:. 2835:. 2802:. 2767:. 2731:. 2710:. 2704:. 2690:^ 2680:. 2674:. 2662:^ 2640:. 2615:. 2548:^ 2519:^ 2479:. 2468:^ 2417:. 2373:^ 2342:. 2199:. 2167:^ 1669:, 1665:, 1632:. 1539:. 1531:, 1500:, 1431:. 1259:, 1255:, 1251:, 1247:, 1147:. 1139:, 1127:, 1123:, 1088:: 859:, 847:, 840:. 827:, 754:, 719:. 646:, 619:. 611:, 607:, 603:, 599:, 595:, 591:, 587:, 397:, 375:. 207:, 125:: 113:, 5451:e 5444:t 5437:v 5404:. 5379:. 5354:. 5324:. 5294:. 5266:. 5201:. 5158:. 5128:. 5085:. 5044:. 5007:. 4986:. 4965:. 4946:. 4925:. 4906:. 4885:. 4864:. 4843:. 4818:. 4798:: 4758:. 4737:. 4716:. 4681:. 4662:. 4643:. 4622:. 4610:: 4587:. 4559:. 4539:: 4515:. 4487:: 4461:. 4442:: 4412:. 4385:: 4358:. 4316:. 4304:: 4281:. 4269:: 4246:. 4217:. 4182:: 4137:. 4118:: 4089:. 4063:. 4032:. 3999:. 3973:. 3943:. 3899:. 3871:. 3846:. 3821:. 3795:. 3762:. 3740:. 3710:. 3645:. 3617:. 3591:. 3563:. 3537:. 3507:. 3478:. 3450:. 3422:. 3396:. 3366:. 3341:. 3307:. 3276:. 3218:. 3163:. 3129:. 3097:. 3029:. 3003:. 2973:. 2940:. 2881:. 2847:. 2821:. 2786:. 2750:. 2656:. 2626:. 2601:. 2576:. 2542:. 2513:. 2491:. 2462:. 2436:. 2401:. 2395:. 2353:. 2328:. 2279:. 2215:. 2162:. 2156:. 2103:. 2075:. 2043:. 1969:. 1763:. 1195:. 916:. 121:( 100:) 94:( 89:) 85:( 81:. 71:. 46:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge (XXG)

Fraternities and sororities

Index