1430:, that is, each letter represents a consonant+vowel syllable. There are thirty-four such letters. An unmarked letter represents a syllable with the inherent vowel ; letters can be marked with one of eleven vowel diacritics to represent a syllable with a different vowel. Vowel diacritics are attached to the top right corner of a base letter or written alongside it. There are also twelve letters for writing independent vowels (i.e. word-initial vowels). The four vocalic liquid letters r, ru, l and lu behave in the same way as vowels, so are often included in the vowel class.
1492:
1412:
58:
2464:
1437:
The script uses a letter called upakshara, a dependent consonant sign which attaches nasals and liquids to aspirate them. That is, the letter m with upakshara attached represents . An aspirated nasal or liquid which is followed by a vowel other than is written with the vowel diacritic attached to
1433:
Early
Saurashtra texts use a number of complex conjunct forms for writing consonant clusters. However, when the script was restructured in the 1880s these were abandoned in favour of a virama diacritic, which silences the inherent vowel of the first consonant in a cluster.
762:
and that caused a slight dialect variation between each group and is noticeable by a
Saurashtrian speaker when interacting with another group. Saurashtra language has two dialects, which are broadly similar, with slight variations.
2381:
1423:. Around 19th century a script was invented. There were attempts to revitalize the script in the latter half of the 19th century, ignoring most of the complex conjunct characters.
1438:
the upakshara, not to the base letter. Some analyses of the script classify aspirated nasal and liquids as a separate set of single discrete letters divided into two parts.
781:
However, there are numerous variations and dialects of the
Saurashtra language. The different dialects can be based on the location within northern and southern parts of
4624:
2791:
2627:
386:. There is some debate amongst speakers of the Saurashtra language as to which script is best suited to the language. Census of India places the language under
1419:
Saurashtra for most of the part had been an oral language lacking any script of its own. Around the 17th to 18th centuries some attempted to write it in
2694:
2661:
4874:
2728:
2538:
4854:
4617:
2598:
1203:
1159:
2784:
4317:
2518:
4859:
4823:
4610:
997:
451:; however, scholars believe this account lacks historical basis, and that the Saurashtrans actually migrated from the area of
3190:
1445:
digits. The widely attested Indic punctuation marks danda and double danda are used to mark the end of a sentence or clause.
1194:
2276:
stotra and
Mahishasuramarthini stotra, Natana Gopala Nayagi Swami's 'Mooschi Deshad,' 'Subramanian Mahatmiyam' and songs of
4864:
4849:
3969:
3007:
2777:
1093:
3940:
4869:
4844:
3760:
3606:
2926:
983:
138:
4503:
2449:
4471:
4327:
2246:
1175:
990:
2230:
in 1908. It was printed in
Saurashtra script and was in the form of slokas. Apart from these he is also credited for
2143:. The earliest available Saurashtra literature that survives to this date is the Saurashtra translation of the great
2273:
4037:
2322:
1215:
969:
3474:
4774:
4476:
4177:
4151:
3590:
2156:
1079:
4372:
3136:
1086:
976:
700:
2572:
4810:
1065:
1004:
724:
712:
417:
383:
123:
4805:
4715:
4580:
4449:
3725:
3519:
3346:
2874:
2160:
1384:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1343:
1302:
1209:
1167:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1026:
1021:
1015:
936:
931:
912:
866:
128:
4758:
4250:
4063:
3549:
3514:
3509:
3341:
2854:
2238:
1491:
1277:
1183:
1072:
896:
4538:
4513:
4382:
4352:
4209:
3989:
3979:
3789:
3368:
2800:
2382:"Gujaratis who settled in Madurai centuries ago brought with them a unique language – Times of India"
1100:
826:
716:
708:
704:
626:
409:
399:
294:
133:
2265:(in Tamil, 'Yogendra Thalaivarkalin Manathiley Ezhuntha Azhagiya Alaigal'), a rendition of works of
4795:
4710:
4585:
4392:
4113:
4098:
4030:
4004:
3994:
3919:
3636:
3426:
3336:
3081:
2911:
2534:
2302:
2184:
2127:
The literature of
Saurashtra is not as large as the literature of other literary languages such as
1521:
1149:
1033:
958:
903:
861:
650:
642:
603:
572:
413:
379:
329:
63:
4800:
4397:
4310:
4275:
4047:
3565:
3303:
2993:
2921:
2916:
2327:
2307:
2297:
2277:
856:
731:
688:
424:
405:
387:
352:
143:
1464:, and the compound letters which are formed essentially by adding a vowel sound to a consonant.
4434:
4420:
4590:
4404:
4073:
4042:
4020:
3984:
3826:
3784:
3689:
3631:
3396:
3328:
3316:
3225:
3146:
3126:
3048:
2973:
2890:
2823:
2736:
2702:
2669:
2635:
2514:
2317:
2312:
2064:
2019:
2004:
1970:
1953:
1936:
1894:
1879:
1505:
1473:
1406:
878:
794:
758:
In the course of migration, Saurashtrians moved in groups and settled in different regions of
696:
692:
680:
674:
638:
568:
550:
444:
443:
According to the oral legends of the
Saurashtra people, they migrated to South India from the
428:
371:
349:
325:
298:
290:
274:
221:
204:
172:
96:
2481:
2347:
4508:
4498:
4444:
4377:
4280:
4255:
4245:
4224:
4219:
4194:
4133:
4025:
3999:
3962:
3957:
3911:
3857:
3810:
3769:
3720:
3665:
3626:
3575:
3494:
3464:
3411:
3401:
3262:
3257:
3249:
3235:
3185:
3141:
3053:
2859:
2808:
2269:
2136:
2094:
2079:
2049:
2034:
1987:
1932:
1915:
1841:
1773:
1633:
1509:
851:
846:
830:
728:
720:
684:
634:
630:
580:
576:
2226:
and so on. The first
Saurashtra dictionary was brought out by T.M. Rama Rai, the author of
4694:
4653:
4553:
4387:
4342:
4229:
4199:
4156:
4108:
4068:
3974:
3924:
3895:
3873:
3805:
3715:
3675:
3641:
3585:
3580:
3539:
3524:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3358:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3230:
3151:
3076:
3032:
2988:
2983:
2968:
2963:
2906:
2869:
2864:
2140:
2113:
1860:
1826:
1807:
1792:
1758:
1743:
1724:
1709:
1688:
1671:
1650:
1616:
1599:
1582:
1564:
1525:
1453:
1262:
885:
873:
658:
646:
420:
208:
115:
4705:
4648:
4563:
4305:
4214:
4146:
4141:
4123:
4103:
3890:
3883:
3852:
3746:
3694:
3534:
3529:
3484:
3459:
3451:
3406:
3376:
3321:
3197:
3106:
3071:
3063:
3027:
2978:
2844:
2258:
2207:
2132:
2109:
1607:
1572:
1258:
953:
810:
743:
662:
599:
564:
432:
318:
302:
197:
261:
4838:
4753:
4548:
4204:
4118:
4093:
3878:
3220:
3121:
2174:
1923:
1420:
1242:
1233:
375:
363:
306:
217:
2482:"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011"
2348:"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011"
4543:
3311:
2266:
1554:
378:
origin, although its exact derivation is not known. Unlike most of the surrounding
359:
286:
225:
213:
2468:
2508:
3621:
3436:
2942:
2197:
1517:
1411:
802:
798:
759:
615:
591:
57:
481:
4634:
3730:
3699:
3670:
2415:
2215:
2192:
1679:
1477:
1442:
1441:
There is a script-specific set of numbers 0–9, some of which closely resemble
782:
735:
587:
367:
337:
82:
2740:
2706:
2673:
2639:
358:
The language has its own script of the same name, but is also written in the
4663:
4520:
4429:
4409:
3101:
3096:
2828:
2292:
2241:
is given to authors writing in the
Saurashtra language since 2007. A former
2164:
1533:
1485:
1461:
790:
747:
619:
345:
254:
238:
86:
2463:
4602:
529:
510:
491:
468:
245:
17:
4558:
4300:
3651:
3116:
3111:
3091:
2849:
2242:
2148:
2144:
2128:
1658:
834:
806:
739:
556:
459:
452:
390:. Official figures show the number of speakers as 247,702 (2011 census).
314:
4658:
4492:
4363:
3836:
3570:
3086:
2769:
2250:
1864:
1822:
1788:
1739:
1705:
1696:
1667:
1641:
1529:
1513:
1427:
822:
786:
654:
607:
448:
341:
333:
310:
3831:
3680:
3655:
3215:
3207:
3131:
3022:
2947:
1902:
1624:
1590:
611:
1961:
1495:
Saurashtra
Devanagari alphabet chart released with guidance of CIIL
649:. However, the current spoken form of Saurashtra is mixed with the
3646:
3544:
2764:
2488:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
2354:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
1944:
1911:
1845:
1490:
1481:
1457:
1446:
1410:
595:
560:
2467:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
837:
chart of all contrastive sounds in Saurashtra is provided below.
4347:
3660:
2628:"Akademi award for TN writers who revived Sourashtra literature"
1995:
1978:
567:). The language is the modern living and active form of ancient
4606:
2773:
1532:
and accumulated words from those language in its vocabulary as
4439:
1488:
and the compound letters in Devanagari script are as follows:
2261:
meanings. However, Saroja Sundararajan, was also awarded for
555:
The oldest available inscriptions in Saurashtra are found in
541:). Thus the name literally means "(of/from) a good country."
665:
and it might have originated in 16th or early 17th century.
586:
Saurashtra was once commonly spoken in the coastal areas of
2257:, a compilation of 1,333 Saurashtra words with English and
1452:
The letter order of Saurashtra script is similar to other
1449:
comma, full stop and question mark symbols are also used.
825:
inventory of Saurashtra is similar to that of many other
1415:
The word "Saurashtra" written in the Saurashtra script.
614:
region, which extends throughout the western coasts of
427:
that, alongside Saurashtra includes the languages like
2543:
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
2469:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
625:
Saurashtra is a amalgamation of various present day
4788:
4767:
4672:
4641:
4529:
4485:
4462:
4418:
4361:
4335:
4326:
4293:
4268:
4238:
4187:
4176:
4169:
4132:
4086:
4056:
4013:
3950:
3939:
3904:
3866:
3845:
3819:
3798:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3739:
3708:
3614:
3605:
3558:
3450:
3367:
3302:
3295:
3248:
3206:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3062:
3041:
3015:
3006:
2956:
2935:
2899:
2883:
2837:
2816:
2807:
252:
236:
231:
194:
179:
165:
112:
102:
92:
78:
70:
34:
2170:Other important literary works in Saurashtra are:
1504:The language itself is more similar to modern day
738:. They are also present in significant numbers in
1476:community has largely switched to the use of the
2218:has done many literary works in Saurashtra like
610:. It was also spoken by the people living along
571:. However, it also shows some similarities with
279:
2545:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 779.
2510:Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India
2189:Saurashtra Thirukural Payiram—Pitika Pragaranam
2599:"Of little-known Indian languages and scripts"
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2155:(1800 AD), a Sanskrit scholar and disciple of
679:Speakers of the Saurashtra language, known as
523:
504:
485:
462:
4618:
2785:
336:, is now chiefly spoken in various places of
8:
2729:"A Tamil classic translated into Sourashtra"
2253:, T.R. Damodaran won the award for his book
2234:and Natanagopala Nayaki Swami's Kirthanas.
423:. It is also classified as being part of a
4625:
4611:
4603:
4332:
4184:
4173:
3947:
3774:
3765:
3611:
3299:
3175:
3168:
3012:
2813:
2792:
2778:
2770:
56:
31:
2450:"Script Description [Saurashtra]"
2181:) 1953 AD – written by T.R.Padmanabhaiyer
1516:. However, in the course of migration to
2573:"The Hindu : Saurashtra dictionary"
1538:
1317:
839:
2339:
2210:2018 AD – translated by S.D.Gnaneswaran
1480:script. The alphabet chart containing
2695:"Mahabharatha in Saurashtra language"
2621:
2619:
2204:) 2013 AD – written by Kasin Anantham
1547:
1544:
1541:
683:, maintain a predominant presence in
594:rivers, which extends throughout the
458:The name "Saurashtra" itself is from
178:
7:
2662:"Set up Thirukkural research centre"
2566:
2564:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2380:Paul John, Vijaysinh Parmar (2016).
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
412:, a dominant language family of the
2597:Venkatesh, Karthik (10 June 2017).
535:
516:
497:
474:
27:Indo-Aryan language spoken in India
25:
2626:Kolappan, B. (24 December 2016).
2507:Ramaswamy, Vijaya (5 July 2017).
1520:, the language was influenced by
1276:
1241:
1232:
1214:
1202:
1193:
1174:
1158:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1032:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
911:
902:
895:
4495:(unknown further classification)
2462:
4875:Languages written in Devanagari
2513:. Routledge. pp. 176–177.
340:and are mostly concentrated in
2660:Staff Reporter (22 May 2017).
2263:Yogendran Monnum Singaru Latun
1:
4855:Western Indo-Aryan languages
2727:Kolappan, B. (18 May 2018).
1426:The Saurashtra script is an
416:. It is part of the greater
4768:Other languages and creoles
530:
511:
492:
469:
324:Saurashtra, an offshoot of
4891:
2323:Saurashtra (Unicode block)
2191:) 1980 AD – translated by
1781:Punch (blow with the fist)
1404:
672:
641:and the older dialects of
548:
404:Saurashtra belongs to the
397:
280:
108:247,702 (2011 census)
4819:
4572:
2157:Venkataramana Bhagavathar
1257:
1182:
1148:
952:
884:
842:
829:, especially that of the
669:Geographical distribution
559:, which is a city in the
524:
505:
486:
463:
55:
39:
4373:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
2557:The Indo-Aryan Languages
2224:Shiddhashrama Prabhaavam
1910:Gaay (Gujarati), Gaaye (
1512:as both originated from
297:spoken primarily by the
293:: सौराष्ट्र भाषा) is an
4860:Languages of Tamil Nadu
4811:Languages of South Asia
4806:Languages of Sri Lanka
4716:Betta Kurumba language
4581:Indo-Iranian languages
2486:www.censusindia.gov.in
2352:www.censusindia.gov.in
1496:
1416:
766:The two dialects are:
478: from Saurashtra
305:who migrated from the
4251:Maharashtrian Konkani
2571:R. V, SOWLEE (2003).
2239:Sahitya Akademi Award
2153:Venkatasoori Swamigal
1494:
1414:
539: country, realm
328:, once spoken in the
62:Word "Saurashtra" in
4865:Languages of Gujarat
4850:Indo-Aryan languages
4539:Andaman Creole Hindi
3970:Bishnupriya Manipuri
3790:Caribbean Hindustani
2801:Indo-Aryan languages
2555:Colin Masica, 1993,
2535:Turner, Ralph Lilley
2214:Besides Tirukkural,
2151:. It was written by
2082:), Tīkhu (Gujarati)
2067:) / Ambot (Konkani)
1557:" (Tamarind extract)
1548:Donor-language word
1545:Saurashtra loanword
827:Indo-Aryan languages
627:Indo-Aryan languages
563:region (present day
410:Indo-Aryan languages
400:Indo-Aryan languages
4870:Saurashtra (region)
4845:Saurashtra language
4796:Dravidian languages
4711:Kanikkaran language
4586:Nuristani languages
4318:Mitanni superstrate
2927:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
2303:Saurashtra (region)
2220:Gnanamritha Geetham
1522:Dravidian Languages
1322:
776:Southern Saurashtra
771:Northern Saurashtra
651:Dravidian languages
606:region of southern
573:Maharashtri Prakrit
425:Gujaratic languages
414:Indian subcontinent
380:Dravidian languages
295:Indo-Aryan language
188:Southern Saurashtra
185:Northern Saurashtra
4801:Languages of India
4472:Proto-Indo-Iranian
4353:Early Ardhamagadhi
2386:The Times of India
2328:Gujarati languages
2308:Saurashtra (state)
2298:Saurashtra Kingdom
2247:Sourashtra College
1990:), Kar (Gujarati)
1497:
1456:. The letters are
1417:
1318:
575:, the ancestor of
289:: சௌராட்டிர மொழி,
139:Western Indo-Aryan
85:, Andhra Pradesh,
4832:
4831:
4775:Thanjavur Marathi
4600:
4599:
4591:Iranian languages
4458:
4457:
4378:Dramatic Prakrits
4289:
4288:
4264:
4263:
4165:
4164:
4082:
4081:
4038:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
3935:
3934:
3755:
3754:
3601:
3600:
3591:list of languages
3291:
3290:
3244:
3243:
3160:
3159:
3002:
3001:
2701:. 25 April 2013.
2318:Saurashtra script
2313:Saurashtra people
2228:Vachana Ramayana,
2120:
2119:
1772:Vaat (Gujarati /
1468:Devanagari script
1407:Saurashtra script
1401:Saurashtra script
1393:
1392:
1316:
1315:
1295:
1269:
1229:
1190:
1112:
1061:
1018:
965:
928:
892:
675:Saurashtra people
569:Sauraseni Prakrit
551:Sauraseni Prakrit
501: Saurashtra
445:Saurashtra region
372:Saurashtra script
330:Saurashtra region
326:Sauraseni Prakrit
291:Devanagari script
275:Saurashtra script
268:
267:
222:Devanagari script
205:Saurashtra script
173:Sauraseni Prakrit
64:Saurashtra Script
16:(Redirected from
4882:
4673:Tribal languages
4627:
4620:
4613:
4604:
4477:Proto-Indo-Aryan
4333:
4256:Canarese Konkani
4185:
4174:
3948:
3775:
3766:
3612:
3300:
3176:
3169:
3013:
2814:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2765:Sourashtra World
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2577:www.thehindu.com
2568:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2446:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2344:
2255:Jiva Sabda Kosam
2202:Paandavun Khetho
2033:Bhāt (Gujarati,
1840:Kaam (Gujarati/
1539:
1386:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1345:
1323:
1304:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1211:
1206:
1197:
1188:
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1169:
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1142:
1137:
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1127:
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1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
963:
938:
933:
926:
915:
906:
899:
890:
840:
831:Konkani language
540:
537:
533:
527:
526:
521:
518:
514:
508:
507:
503:), derived from
502:
499:
495:
489:
488:
479:
476:
472:
466:
465:
382:, Saurashtra is
284:
283:
282:
264:
248:
241:
200:
118:
60:
42:
32:
21:
4890:
4889:
4885:
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4880:
4879:
4835:
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4828:
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4784:
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4631:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4568:
4531:
4525:
4481:
4464:
4454:
4414:
4357:
4343:Ashokan Prakrit
4322:
4285:
4260:
4234:
4179:
4161:
4128:
4078:
4052:
4009:
3942:
3931:
3900:
3862:
3841:
3815:
3794:
3751:
3735:
3704:
3676:Hyderabadi Urdu
3597:
3554:
3446:
3363:
3287:
3240:
3231:Pahari-Pothwari
3202:
3156:
3137:Pahari Kinnauri
3058:
3037:
2998:
2964:Indus Kohistani
2957:Hazara Division
2952:
2931:
2895:
2879:
2833:
2803:
2798:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2726:
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2721:
2711:
2709:
2693:
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2390:
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2379:
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2367:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2289:
2283:
2270:Soundaryalahiri
2125:
1666:Batte/Battalu (
1502:
1470:
1454:Brahmic scripts
1409:
1403:
1398:
957:
868:
819:
756:
701:Tiruchirappalli
677:
671:
553:
547:
538:
519:
500:
477:
441:
421:language family
402:
396:
309:of present-day
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116:Language family
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105:
104:Native speakers
66:
50:
48:
46:
44:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4888:
4886:
4878:
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4789:Related topics
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4642:Main languages
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3404:
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3361:
3356:
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3344:
3339:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3322:Lisan ud-Dawat
3314:
3308:
3306:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3289:
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3286:
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3275:
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2811:
2805:
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2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2768:
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2760:
2759:External links
2757:
2754:
2753:
2719:
2686:
2652:
2615:
2589:
2560:
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2526:
2519:
2499:
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2452:. ScriptSource
2432:
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2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2212:
2211:
2208:Silappatikaram
2205:
2195:
2182:
2179:Bhagavat Giito
2124:
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2118:
2117:
2106:
2103:
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2016:
2013:
2009:
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1998:
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1621:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1608:Flattened rice
1604:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1550:
1549:
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1543:
1501:
1498:
1472:Recently, the
1469:
1466:
1405:Main article:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Writing system
1394:
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1390:
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934:
929:
923:
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920:
918:
916:
909:
907:
900:
893:
888:
882:
881:
876:
871:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
818:
815:
811:Andhra Pradesh
779:
778:
773:
755:
752:
744:Andhra Pradesh
725:Tiruvannamalai
713:Ramanathapuram
673:Main article:
670:
667:
600:Madhya Pradesh
565:Madhya Pradesh
546:
543:
447:of modern-day
440:
437:
433:SIL Ethnologue
408:branch of the
398:Main article:
395:
394:Classification
392:
303:Southern India
281:ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ
266:
265:
258:
250:
249:
242:
234:
233:
232:Language codes
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198:Writing system
195:
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189:
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110:
109:
106:
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100:
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90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:Native to
68:
67:
61:
53:
52:
51:ಸೌರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ಭಾಷೆ
49:सौराष्ट्र भाषा
45:சௌராட்டிர மொழி
41:ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬ ꢩꢵꢰꢵ
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4887:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4759:Kota language
4757:
4755:
4754:Toda language
4752:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4735:Mullu Kurumba
4734:
4732:Jennu Kurumba
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
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4701:
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4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4633:Languages of
4628:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Haflong Hindi
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:Chinali–Lahul
4502:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
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4461:
4451:
4450:Khasa Prakrit
4448:
4446:
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4441:
4438:
4436:
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4431:
4428:
4427:
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3885:
3882:
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3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Chhattisgarhi
3724:
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3719:
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3707:
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3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
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3523:
3521:
3520:Rathwi Bareli
3518:
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3511:
3508:
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3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
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3461:
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3408:
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3403:
3400:
3398:
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3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
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3298:
3294:
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3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
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3251:
3247:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
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3219:
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3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
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3199:
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3189:
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3177:
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3167:
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3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Mahasu Pahari
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
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3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
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2967:
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2806:
2802:
2795:
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2776:
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2772:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
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2734:
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2723:
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2708:
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2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
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2667:
2663:
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2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2537:(1969–1985).
2536:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2520:9781351558242
2516:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2487:
2483:
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2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2267:Adi Sankara's
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:Professor of
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2175:Bhagavad Gita
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:who lived in
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2115:
2111:
2107:
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2096:
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2077:
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2059:
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2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
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1877:
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1866:
1862:
1858:
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1809:
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1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1701:Dhungi/Dhumki
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1669:
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1499:
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1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1421:Telugu script
1413:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1357:
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1199:
1196:
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1187:
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1173:
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1166:
1164:
1161:
1157:
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1134:
1129:
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1119:
1114:
1109:
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1105:
1102:
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1081:
1077:
1074:
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1063:
1058:
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1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
962:
960:
955:
951:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
935:
930:
925:
924:
921:
919:
917:
914:
910:
908:
905:
901:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
841:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
812:
808:
805:dialects and
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
761:
753:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:Saurashtrians
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
552:
544:
542:
532:
513:
494:
483:
471:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:
418:Indo-European
415:
411:
407:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
384:Indo-European
381:
377:
373:
370:scripts. The
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Saurashtrians
296:
292:
288:
276:
272:
263:
259:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
240:
235:
230:
227:
223:
219:
218:Telugu script
215:
210:
206:
203:
199:
193:
187:
184:
183:
182:
174:
170:
164:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
124:Indo-European
121:
117:
111:
107:
101:
98:
97:Saurashtrians
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
47:సౌరాష్ట్ర భాష
38:
33:
30:
19:
4779:
4544:Bombay Hindi
4486:Unclassified
4383:Ardhamagadhi
4210:Berar Deccan
4064:Chittagonian
4057:Chittagonian
3550:Vaagri Booli
3515:Pauri Bareli
3510:Palya Bareli
3475:Dhodia–Kukna
3353:
3165:Northwestern
2855:Kundal Shahi
2744:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2698:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2665:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2631:
2608:27 September
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2576:
2556:
2551:
2542:
2529:
2509:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2454:. Retrieved
2423:. Retrieved
2419:
2416:"Saurashtra"
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2356:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2282:
2262:
2254:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2201:
2188:
2178:
2169:
2152:
2126:
2060:Ambad/Ambut
1503:
1474:Saurashtrian
1471:
1451:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1319:
820:
785:. Those are
780:
775:
770:
765:
757:
678:
624:
585:
554:
457:
442:
403:
357:
323:
313:to south of
287:Tamil script
270:
269:
253:
226:Latin script
214:Tamil script
148:
129:Indo-Iranian
29:
4744:Thachanadan
4532:and creoles
4514:Lahul Lohar
4393:Maharashtri
3990:Mal Paharia
3980:Kharia Thar
3622:Braj Bhasha
2746:25 November
2274:Kanagadhara
2198:Mahabharata
2161:Ayyampettai
1907:Gaaye/Goru
1806:Chinukulu (
1735:Bondi/Bandi
1687:Miṅgaḍamu (
1518:South India
1184:Approximant
809:dialect of
803:Kanchipuram
799:Tirunelveli
760:South India
717:Kanyakumari
709:Kanchipuram
705:Tirunelveli
616:Maharashtra
520: good
319:Middle Ages
307:Lata region
4839:Categories
4780:Saurashtra
4635:Tamil Nadu
4435:Apabhraṃśa
4421:Apabhraṃśa
4398:Shauraseni
4114:Bodo Parja
4099:Sambalpuri
4031:Goalpariya
4005:Tanchangya
3995:Noakhailla
3920:Bote-Darai
3731:Fiji Hindi
3700:Sadhukkadi
3671:Judeo-Urdu
3637:Hindustani
3427:Shekhawati
3369:Rajasthani
3354:Saurashtra
3082:Bhadarwahi
2912:Gawar-Bati
2539:"súrāṣṭra"
2420:Ethnologue
2334:References
2232:Niti Sambu
2216:Sankhu Ram
2193:Sankhu Ram
2185:Tirukkural
2167:district.
2123:Literature
1680:Swallowing
1486:consonants
1478:Devanagari
1462:consonants
1443:Devanagari
867:(Alveolo-)
783:Tamil Nadu
736:Tamil Nadu
643:Rajasthani
618:, Goa and
604:Saurashtra
598:region of
549:See also:
368:Devanagari
338:Tamil Nadu
271:Saurashtra
167:Early form
149:Saurashtra
134:Indo-Aryan
83:Tamil Nadu
35:Saurashtra
18:Sourashtra
4702:Eravallan
4688:Malavedan
4664:Malayalam
4521:Sheikhgal
4465:languages
4430:Abahattha
4410:Paishachi
4311:Classical
4276:Maldivian
4048:Surjapuri
4014:Kamarupic
3916:Kuswaric
3778:Bhojpuric
3566:Khandeshi
3102:Chambeali
3097:Bilaspuri
2994:Mankiyali
2922:Shumashti
2917:Nangalami
2829:Kishtwari
2741:0971-751X
2733:The Hindu
2707:0971-751X
2699:The Hindu
2674:0971-751X
2666:The Hindu
2640:0971-751X
2632:The Hindu
2293:Saraostus
2165:Thanjavur
2102:Fog/Snow
1800:Sprinkles
1757:Pillalu (
1649:Muggulu (
1615:Atukulu (
1581:Chaduvu (
1534:loanwords
1500:Loanwords
1150:Fricative
1016:aspirated
964:voiceless
959:Affricate
862:Retroflex
817:Phonology
791:Thanjavur
748:Karnataka
732:Districts
689:Thanjavur
620:Karnataka
557:Mandasaur
487:सुराष्ट्र
470:saurāṣṭra
464:सौराष्ट्र
439:Etymology
353:Districts
346:Thanjavur
285:,
255:Glottolog
239:ISO 639-3
93:Ethnicity
87:Karnataka
4824:Category
4723:Yerukula
4720:Muthuvan
4685:Malaryan
4577:See also
4559:Nefamese
4554:Nagamese
4445:Kamarupi
4405:Gāndhārī
4362:Middle (
4301:Sanskrit
4239:Konkanic
4188:Marathic
4178:Marathi–
4170:Southern
4074:Rohingya
4043:Rangpuri
4021:Assamese
3985:Kurmukar
3963:dialects
3943:Kamarupa
3827:Maithili
3820:Maithili
3785:Bhojpuri
3690:Kannauji
3652:Hinglish
3632:Haryanvi
3397:Dhundari
3347:Wadiyara
3329:Jandavra
3317:Gujarati
3304:Gujarati
3226:Khetrani
3191:dialects
3147:Sirmauri
3127:Jaunsari
3117:Mandeali
3112:Pangwali
3092:Bhateali
3049:Garhwali
3008:Northern
2974:Chilisso
2850:Brokskat
2824:Kashmiri
2817:Kashmiri
2712:16 April
2645:16 April
2603:Livemint
2471:license.
2456:16 April
2391:15 April
2287:See also
2278:Sai Baba
2243:Sanskrit
2149:Ramayana
2147:epic of
2145:Sanskrit
2129:Sanskrit
2108:Man̄cu (
2078:tīkhaṭ (
2065:Sanskrit
2020:Gujarati
2005:Gujarati
1971:Gujarati
1954:Gujarati
1952:Bahāra (
1937:Gujarati
1895:Gujarati
1880:Gujarati
1787:Guddhu (
1751:Children
1723:Gīkuḍu (
1704:Dumuku (
1632:Aṅgaḍi (
1598:Adhham (
1542:English
1524:such as
1506:Gujarati
1294:murmured
1228:murmured
1111:murmured
927:murmured
857:Alveolar
807:Tirupati
754:Dialects
740:Tirupati
697:Dindigul
639:Gujarati
493:surāṣṭra
484:form of
460:Sanskrit
453:Mandsaur
429:Gujarati
388:Gujarati
315:Vindhyas
262:saur1248
180:Dialects
144:Gujarati
4750:Pathiya
4747:Ullatan
4741:Malasar
4691:Paliyan
4659:Kannada
4530:Pidgins
4509:Chinali
4499:Bazigar
4493:Badeshi
4388:Magadhi
4364:Prakrit
4281:Sinhala
4269:Insular
4246:Konkani
4225:Katkari
4220:Phudagi
4200:Varhadi
4195:Marathi
4180:Konkani
4152:Bhunjia
4026:Kamrupi
4000:Sylheti
3958:Bengali
3951:Bengali
3912:Kumhali
3879:Kochila
3867:Tharuic
3858:Kurmali
3846:Sadanic
3837:Bajjika
3811:Khortha
3761:Eastern
3721:Bagheli
3709:Eastern
3666:Deccani
3642:Kauravi
3627:Bundeli
3615:Western
3607:Central
3576:Dawoodi
3571:Lambadi
3495:Bhilori
3465:Bhilali
3412:Marwari
3402:Harauti
3342:Parkari
3296:Western
3263:Kholosi
3258:Jadgali
3236:Saraiki
3186:Punjabi
3179:Eastern
3172:Punjabi
3142:Hinduri
3087:Churahi
3064:Western
3054:Kumaoni
3042:Central
3016:Eastern
2943:Kalasha
2936:Chitral
2891:Pashayi
2884:Pashayi
2860:Kalkoti
2582:11 June
2251:Madurai
2137:Kannada
2105:Manchu
2095:Marathi
2080:Marathi
2075:Thikke
2050:Marathi
2035:Marathi
1988:Marathi
1949:Bharad
1933:Marathi
1916:Marathi
1878:Dūdha (
1875:Dhoodh
1865:Kannada
1859:Kothi (
1842:Marathi
1823:Kannada
1821:Bottu (
1803:Chinkul
1789:Kannada
1774:Marathi
1740:Kannada
1738:Bandi (
1732:Vehicle
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1668:Kannada
1642:Rangoli
1634:Kannada
1578:Cheduvi
1575:/ Study
1563:Charu (
1560:Pilchar
1530:Kannada
1514:Prakrit
1510:Marathi
1428:abugida
1389:
1332:Central
879:Glottal
869:palatal
843:
823:phoneme
787:Madurai
729:Vellore
721:Chennai
685:Madurai
655:Kannada
635:Konkani
631:Marathi
608:Gujarat
581:Konkani
577:Marathi
545:History
536:transl.
525:राष्ट्र
517:transl.
498:transl.
480:), the
475:transl.
449:Gujarat
406:western
376:Brahmic
342:Madurai
334:Gujarat
317:in the
311:Gujarat
209:Brahmic
43:
4729:Kodava
4726:Mannan
4699:Ravula
4695:Paniya
4679:Mannan
4654:Telugu
4463:Proto-
4419:Late (
4328:Middle
4230:Kadodi
4157:Nahari
4134:Halbic
4109:Bhatri
4069:Chakma
3975:Hajong
3941:Gauda–
3925:Danwar
3905:Others
3896:Musasa
3832:Angika
3806:Magahi
3799:Magahi
3770:Bihari
3740:Others
3716:Awadhi
3681:Rekhta
3656:Urdish
3586:Romani
3581:Domari
3559:Others
3540:Vasavi
3525:Pardhi
3505:Magari
3500:Mawchi
3490:Bauria
3480:Dhanki
3470:Chodri
3442:Nimadi
3432:Dhatki
3422:Mewari
3417:Mewati
3392:Gujari
3387:Loarki
3382:Goaria
3359:Vaghri
3283:Sindhi
3278:Memoni
3273:Luwati
3268:Kutchi
3250:Sindhi
3216:Hindko
3208:Lahnda
3152:Sarazi
3132:Kullui
3077:Kangri
3033:Nepali
3023:Doteli
2989:Tirahi
2984:Kalami
2969:Bateri
2948:Khowar
2907:Dameli
2870:Palula
2865:Ushoji
2809:Dardic
2739:
2705:
2679:27 May
2672:
2638:
2517:
2492:7 July
2425:8 June
2358:7 July
2141:Telugu
2139:, and
2114:Telugu
2093:Amti (
2087:Curry
2072:Spicy
2048:Noko (
2045:Nokko
2018:Ghar (
2003:Jā'ō (
1986:Karā (
1893:Pāṇī (
1887:Water
1861:Telugu
1853:Monkey
1827:Telugu
1808:Telugu
1793:Telugu
1784:Guddhu
1759:Telugu
1754:Pillan
1744:Telugu
1725:Telugu
1720:Giktha
1710:Telugu
1689:Telugu
1672:Telugu
1663:Bottal
1651:Telugu
1629:Angadi
1617:Telugu
1600:Telugu
1595:Adhham
1591:Mirror
1583:Telugu
1565:Telugu
1526:Telugu
1482:vowels
1458:vowels
1381:
1348:
1326:
1320:Vowels
1060:voiced
852:Dental
847:Labial
659:Telugu
647:Sindhi
612:Konkan
531:rāṣṭra
482:vṛddhi
374:is of
366:, and
364:Telugu
79:Region
4738:Urali
4706:Irula
4682:Kadar
4649:Tamil
4564:Vedda
4336:Early
4306:Vedic
4215:Varli
4147:Kamar
4142:Halbi
4124:Kupia
4104:Desia
3891:Majhi
3884:Buksa
3874:Tharu
3853:Sadri
3747:Parya
3695:Sansi
3647:Hindi
3545:Wagdi
3535:Kalto
3530:Gamit
3485:Dubli
3460:Bhili
3407:Malvi
3377:Bagri
3337:Kachi
3333:Koli
3198:Sansi
3107:Gaddi
3072:Dogri
3028:Jumli
2979:Gowro
2900:Kunar
2845:Shina
2838:Shina
2259:Tamil
2133:Tamil
2110:Tamil
2090:Amti
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2057:Sour
2030:Bath
2027:Rice
2015:Gher
2012:Home
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1931:Kōṇ (
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1872:Milk
1856:Kothi
1846:Hindi
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1659:Cloth
1646:Muggu
1612:Adkul
1555:Rasam
1447:Latin
1340:High
1335:Back
1329:Front
1268:plain
1263:Trill
1189:plain
891:plain
886:Nasal
874:Velar
833:. An
795:Salem
693:Salem
663:Tamil
653:like
629:like
596:Malwa
592:Tapti
561:Malwa
431:(see
360:Tamil
350:Salem
74:India
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4205:Andh
4119:Reli
4094:Odia
4087:Odia
3661:Urdu
3452:Bhil
3221:Inku
2875:Sawi
2748:2018
2737:ISSN
2714:2018
2703:ISSN
2681:2018
2670:ISSN
2647:2018
2636:ISSN
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